12.059
Pancharatra: Second day teachings begin: Story of how teaching concerning 'trivarga' (dharma, artha, kāma) is declared by the self-born (Brahmā); How Lord Vishnu enters the good king and rules.

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

ततः काल्यं समुत्थाय कृतपौर्वाह्णिकक्रियाः। ययुस्ते नगराकारै रथैः पाण्डवयादवाः ॥१२-५९-१॥

tataḥ kālyaṃ samutthāya kṛtapaurvāhṇikakriyāḥ। yayus te nagarākārai rathaiḥ pāṇḍavayādavāḥ ॥12-59-1॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; काल्यं (kālyam) - in the morning; समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having risen; कृतपौर्वाह्णिकक्रियाः (kṛtapaurvāhṇikakriyāḥ) - having performed morning duties; ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went; ते (te) - they; नगराकारैः (nagarākāraiḥ) - city-like; रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots; पाण्डवयादवाः (pāṇḍavayādavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas and Yādavas;]

(Then in the morning, having risen, having performed morning duties, they went, those (heroes), with city-like chariots, the Pāṇḍavas and Yādavas.)

Then, in the morning, after rising and performing their morning rituals, the Pāṇḍavas and Yādavas set out in their grand, city-like chariots.

प्रपद्य च कुरुक्षेत्रं भीष्ममासाद्य चानघम्। सुखां च रजनीं पृष्ट्वा गाङ्गेयं रथिनां वरम् ॥१२-५९-२॥

prapadya ca kurukṣetraṃ bhīṣmam-āsādya ca anagham। sukhāṃ ca rajanīṃ pṛṣṭvā gāṅgeyaṃ rathināṃ varam ॥12-59-2॥

[प्रपद्य (prapadya) - having reached; (from pra-√pad, to go towards;) च (ca) - and; कुरुक्षेत्रं (kurukṣetram) - Kurukṣetra; (the field of the Kurus;) भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma; (name of a warrior;) आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached; (from ā-√sad, to approach;) च (ca) - and; अनघम् (anagham) - sinless; (faultless;) सुखां (sukhām) - pleasant; (happy;) च (ca) - and; रजनीं (rajanīm) - night; पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked; (from √pṛc, to ask;) गाङ्गेयं (gāṅgeyam) - son of Ganga; (Bhīṣma;) रथिनां (rathinām) - of charioteers; वरम् (varam) - the best; (chief;) ॥१२-५९-२॥ (॥12-59-2॥) -;]

(Having reached Kurukṣetra and having approached the sinless Bhīṣma, and having asked about the pleasant night, (he approached) Gāṅgeya, the best of charioteers.)

Having arrived at Kurukṣetra and approached the sinless Bhīṣma, he inquired about the pleasant night and went to Gāṅgeya, the foremost of charioteers.

व्यासादीनभिवाद्यर्षीन्सर्वैस्तैश्चाभिनन्दिताः। निषेदुरभितो भीष्मं परिवार्य समन्ततः ॥१२-५९-३॥

vyāsādīn abhivādya ṛṣīn sarvaiḥ taiś ca abhinanditāḥ। niṣedur abhito bhīṣmam parivārya samantataḥ॥12-59-3॥

[व्यासादीन् (vyāsādīn) - Vyāsa and others; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - the sages; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; च (ca) - and; अभिनन्दिताः (abhinanditāḥ) - having been welcomed; निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down; अभितः (abhitaḥ) - around; भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma; परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded; समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides;]

(Vyāsa and others, having saluted the sages, having been welcomed by all of them, sat down around Bhīṣma, having surrounded him on all sides.)

Vyāsa and the other sages, after offering salutations and being welcomed by all, sat down around Bhīṣma, completely surrounding him.

ततो राजा महातेजा धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः। अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्भीष्मं प्रतिपूज्याभिवाद्य च ॥१२-५९-४॥

tato rājā mahātejā dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ। abravītprāñjalirbhīṣmaṃ pratipūjyābhivādya ca ॥12-59-4॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; राजा (rājā) - king; महातेजा (mahātejā) - of great splendor; धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of dharma; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands; भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhishma; प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having duly honored; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; च (ca) - and;]

(Then the king of great splendor, the king of dharma, Yudhishthira, with folded hands, having duly honored and having saluted Bhishma, said;)

Then Yudhishthira, the king of dharma and of great splendor, after duly honoring and saluting Bhishma with folded hands, spoke.

य एष राजा-राजेति शब्दश्चरति भारत। कथमेष समुत्पन्नस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-५९-५॥

ya eṣa rājā-rājeti śabdaś carati bhārata। katham eṣa samutpannas tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-59-5॥

[य (ya) - who; एष (eṣa) - this; राजा-राजेति (rājā-rājeti) - as 'king of kings'; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - word; चरति (carati) - moves; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; कथम् (katham) - how; एष (eṣa) - this; समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - arisen; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]

(Who is this, about whom the word 'king of kings' moves, O Bhārata? How has this arisen? That tell me, O grandsire.)

O Bhārata, who is this person about whom the term 'king of kings' is spoken? How did this originate? Please tell me that, O grandsire.

तुल्यपाणिशिरोग्रीवस्तुल्यबुद्धीन्द्रियात्मकः। तुल्यदुःखसुखात्मा च तुल्यपृष्ठभुजोदरः ॥१२-५९-६॥

tulyapāṇiśirogrīvastulyabuddhīndriyātmakaḥ। tulyaduḥkhasukhātmā ca tulyapṛṣṭhabhujodaraḥ ॥12-59-6॥

[तुल्य (tulya) - equal; पाणि (pāṇi) - hand; शिरः (śiraḥ) - head; ग्रीव (grīva) - neck; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; बुद्धि (buddhi) - intellect; इन्द्रिय (indriya) - sense; आत्मकः (ātmakaḥ) - having the nature of; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; दुःख (duḥkha) - pain; सुख (sukha) - pleasure; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; च (ca) - and; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; पृष्ठ (pṛṣṭha) - back; भुज (bhuja) - arm; उदरः (udaraḥ) - abdomen;]

(Equal in hand, head, neck, equal in intellect and senses in nature; equal in pain and pleasure in self and equal in back, arms, and abdomen.)

He is equal in hand, head, and neck, equal in intellect and senses in nature; equal in pain and pleasure in himself, and equal in back, arms, and abdomen.

तुल्यशुक्रास्थिमज्जश्च तुल्यमांसासृगेव च। निःश्वासोच्छ्वासतुल्यश्च तुल्यप्राणशरीरवान् ॥१२-५९-७॥

tulyaśukrāsthimajjaśca tulyamāṃsāsṛgeva ca। niḥśvāsocchvāsatulyaśca tulyaprāṇaśarīravān ॥12-59-7॥

[तुल्य (tulya) - equal; शुक्र (śukra) - semen; अस्थि (asthi) - bone; मज्ज (majja) - marrow; च (ca) - and; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; मांस (māṃsa) - flesh; असृक् (asṛk) - blood; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; निःश्वास (niḥśvāsa) - exhalation; उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsa) - inhalation; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; च (ca) - and; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; प्राण (prāṇa) - vital breath; शरीर (śarīra) - body; वान् (vān) - possessing;]

(Equal in semen, bone, marrow, and equal in flesh and blood indeed and; equal in exhalation and inhalation and; equal in vital breath, possessing body.)

He is equal in semen, bone, marrow, flesh, and blood; equal in exhalation and inhalation; equal in vital breath and bodily constitution.

समानजन्ममरणः समः सर्वगुणैर्नृणाम्। विशिष्टबुद्धीञ्शूरांश्च कथमेकोऽधितिष्ठति ॥१२-५९-८॥

samānajanmamaraṇaḥ samaḥ sarvaguṇairnṛṇām। viśiṣṭabuddhīñśūrāṃśca kat hameko'dhitiṣṭhati ॥12-59-8॥

[समान (samāna) - equal; जन्म (janma) - birth; मरणः (maraṇaḥ) - death; समः (samaḥ) - equal; सर्वगुणैः (sarvaguṇaiḥ) - with all qualities; नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men; विशिष्ट (viśiṣṭa) - distinguished; बुद्धीन् (buddhīn) - intellects; शूरान् (śūrān) - heroes; च (ca) - and; कथम् (katham) - how; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - presides;]

(Equal in birth and death, equal with all qualities among men; how does one preside over distinguished intellects and heroes?)

Since all men are equal in birth and death and possess all qualities equally, how can a single person preside over those with distinguished intellects and heroes?

कथमेको महीं कृत्स्नां वीरशूरार्यसङ्कुलाम्। रक्षत्यपि च लोकोऽस्य प्रसादमभिवाञ्छति ॥१२-५९-९॥

katham-eko mahīṃ kṛtsnāṃ vīra-śūra-ārya-saṅkulām। rakṣaty-api ca loko'sya prasādam abhivāñchati ॥12-59-9॥

[कथम् (katham) - how; in what way; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; single; महीं (mahīṃ) - earth; कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire; whole; वीर-शूर-आर्य-सङ्कुलाम् (vīra-śūra-ārya-saṅkulām) - crowded with heroes, brave men, and noble ones; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; अपि (api) - even; also; च (ca) - and; लोकः (lokaḥ) - people; world; अस्य (asya) - his; of him; प्रसादम् (prasādam) - favor; grace; अभिवाञ्छति (abhivāñchati) - desires; wishes for;]

(How does one single person protect the entire earth crowded with heroes, brave men, and noble ones? Even the people desire his favor.)

How can a single person protect the whole earth filled with heroes, warriors, and noble men? Yet, everyone seeks his favor.

एकस्य च प्रसादेन कृत्स्नो लोकः प्रसीदति। व्याकुलेनाकुलः सर्वो भवतीति विनिश्चयः ॥१२-५९-१०॥

ekasya ca prasādena kṛtsno lokaḥ prasīdati। vyākulenākulaḥ sarvo bhavatīti viniścayaḥ ॥12-59-10॥

[एकस्य (ekasya) - of one; (person;) च (ca) - and; प्रसादेन (prasādena) - by the grace; (of;) कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; प्रसीदति (prasīdati) - becomes pleased; व्याकुलेन (vyākulena) - by the disturbed; (one;) आकुलः (ākulaḥ) - disturbed; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; इति (iti) - thus; विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - certainty;]

(By the grace of one, the entire world becomes pleased. By the disturbed, all become disturbed—thus is the certainty.)

When one person is gracious, the whole world is pleased. When one is disturbed, everyone becomes disturbed—this is certain.

एतदिच्छाम्यहं सर्वं तत्त्वेन भरतर्षभ। श्रोतुं तन्मे यथातत्त्वं प्रब्रूहि वदतां वर ॥१२-५९-११॥

etadicchāmyahaṃ sarvaṃ tattvena bharatarṣabha। śrotuṃ tanme yathātattvaṃ prabrūhi vadatāṃ vara ॥12-59-11॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; अहम् (aham) - I; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in reality; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; यथा (yathā) - as; तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare; वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers; वर (vara) - best;]

(This I desire, I, all, in reality, O bull among the Bharatas, to hear that from you, as the truth, declare, O best of speakers.)

O best of speakers, O bull among the Bharatas, I desire to hear all this from you in reality; please declare it to me as it truly is.

नैतत्कारणमल्पं हि भविष्यति विशां पते। यदेकस्मिञ्जगत्सर्वं देववद्याति संनतिम् ॥१२-५९-१२॥

naitat-kāraṇam-alpaṃ hi bhaviṣyati viśāṃ pate। yad-ekasmiñ-jagat-sarvaṃ deva-vad-yāti saṃnatim ॥12-59-12॥

[न (na) - not; एतत् (etat) - this; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause; अल्पम् (alpam) - small; हि (hi) - indeed; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; विशाम् (viśām) - of the people; पते (pate) - O lord; यत् (yat) - that which; एकस्मिन् (ekasmin) - in one; जगत् (jagat) - world; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; देववत् (devavat) - like a god; याति (yāti) - goes; संनतिम् (saṃnatim) - submission;]

(Not this cause small indeed will be, O lord of the people; that in one all the world like a god goes to submission.)

O lord of the people, this cause will not be a small matter; for when all the world submits to one as to a god.

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]

(Bhīṣma said;)

Bhīṣma said.

नियतस्त्वं नरश्रेष्ठ शृणु सर्वमशेषतः। यथा राज्यं समुत्पन्नमादौ कृतयुगेऽभवत् ॥१२-५९-१३॥

niyatastvaṃ naraśreṣṭha śṛṇu sarvamaśeṣataḥ। yathā rājyaṃ samutpannamādau kṛtayuge'bhavat ॥12-59-13॥

[नियतः (niyataḥ) - fixed; established; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - completely; without remainder; यथा (yathā) - as; how; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; sovereignty; समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - arisen; originated; आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning; कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Kṛta Yuga; अभवत् (abhavat) - was; became;]

(Fixed you O best of men, listen all completely; as kingdom arisen in the beginning in the Kṛta Yuga was;)

O best of men, listen attentively as I explain everything in detail; how the kingdom first arose in the beginning of the Kṛta Yuga.

नैव राज्यं न राजासीन्न दण्डो न च दाण्डिकः। धर्मेणैव प्रजाः सर्वा रक्षन्ति च परस्परम् ॥१२-५९-१४॥

naiva rājyaṃ na rājāsīnna daṇḍo na ca dāṇḍikaḥ। dharmeṇaiva prajāḥ sarvā rakṣanti ca parasparam ॥12-59-14॥

[न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; न (na) - not; राजा (rājā) - king; असीत् (asīt) - was; न (na) - not; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; दाण्डिकः (dāṇḍikaḥ) - punisher; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; च (ca) - and; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other;]

(Not indeed kingdom, not king was, not punishment, not and punisher; by dharma indeed all subjects protect and each other.)

There was neither kingdom nor king, neither punishment nor punisher; it was by dharma alone that all the subjects protected each other.

पालयानास्तथान्योन्यं नरा धर्मेण भारत। खेदं परममाजग्मुस्ततस्तान्मोह आविशत् ॥१२-५९-१५॥

pālayānās tathānyonyaṃ narā dharmeṇa bhārata। khedaṃ paramam ājagmus tataḥ tān moha āviśat ॥12-59-15॥

[पालयानाः (pālayānāḥ) - retreating; तथा (tathā) - thus; अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other; नराः (narāḥ) - men; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; खेदम् (khedam) - distress; परमम् (paramam) - supreme; आजग्मुः (ājagmuḥ) - attained; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तान् (tān) - them; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; आविशत् (āviśat) - entered;]

(Retreating thus from each other, the men, O Bhārata, by righteousness, attained supreme distress; then, delusion entered them.)

O Bhārata, as the men retreated from each other in accordance with righteousness, they experienced great distress; then, delusion overtook them.

ते मोहवशमापन्ना मानवा मनुजर्षभ। प्रतिपत्तिविमोहाच्च धर्मस्तेषामनीनशत् ॥१२-५९-१६॥

te mohavaśam-āpannā mānavā manujarṣabha। pratipattivimohāc ca dharmas teṣām anīnaśat ॥12-59-16॥

[ते (te) - they; मोह (moha) - delusion; वशम् (vaśam) - control; आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - fallen into; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - O best of men; प्रतिपत्ति (pratipatti) - discernment; विमोहात् (vimohāt) - from confusion; च (ca) - and; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अनीनशत् (anīnaśat) - did not remain;]

(They, having fallen under the control of delusion, O best of men, the humans, and due to confusion of discernment, their dharma did not remain.)

O best of men, those humans, having fallen under the sway of delusion and due to confusion in discernment, lost their sense of dharma.

नष्टायां प्रतिपत्तौ तु मोहवश्या नरास्तदा। लोभस्य वशमापन्नाः सर्वे भारतसत्तम ॥१२-५९-१७॥

naṣṭāyāṃ pratipattau tu mohavaśyā narās tadā। lobhasya vaśam āpannāḥ sarve bhāratasattama ॥12-59-17॥

[नष्टायाम् (naṣṭāyām) - when lost; प्रतिपत्तौ (pratipattau) - in discernment; तु (tu) - but; मोहवश्याः (mohavaśyāḥ) - under the influence of delusion; नराः (narāḥ) - men; तदा (tadā) - then; लोभस्य (lobhasya) - of greed; वशम् (vaśam) - control; आपन्नाः (āpannāḥ) - fallen into; सर्वे (sarve) - all; भारतसत्तम (bhāratasattama) - O best of the Bharatas;]

(But when discernment is lost, then men, under the influence of delusion, all fall under the control of greed, O best of the Bharatas.)

O best of the Bharatas, when discernment is lost, all men, overcome by delusion, fall under the sway of greed.

अप्राप्तस्याभिमर्शं तु कुर्वन्तो मनुजास्ततः। कामो नामापरस्तत्र समपद्यत वै प्रभो ॥१२-५९-१८॥

aprāptasyābhimarśaṃ tu kurvanto manujās tataḥ। kāmo nāmāparas tatra samapadyata vai prabho॥12-59-18॥

[अप्राप्तस्य (aprāptasya) - of the unattained; अभिमर्शं (abhimarśam) - contact; तु (tu) - but; कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - doing; मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - men; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; नाम (nāma) - by name; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; तत्र (tatra) - there; समपद्यत (samapadyata) - arose; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord;]

(But men, making contact with the unattained, thereafter, indeed, another called desire arose there, O lord.)

But, O lord, when men make contact with what is unattained, then indeed another called desire arises there.

तांस्तु कामवशं प्राप्तान्रागो नाम समस्पृशत्। रक्ताश्च नाभ्यजानन्त कार्याकार्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-५९-१९॥

tāṃs tu kāmavaśaṃ prāptān rāgo nāma samaspṛśat। raktāś ca nābhyajānanta kāryākāryaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-59-19॥

[तांस् (tāṃs) - them; तु (tu) - but; कामवशम् (kāmavaśam) - under the control of desire; प्राप्तान् (prāptān) - who had attained; रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment; नाम (nāma) - by name; समस्पृशत् (samaspṛśat) - completely touched; रक्ताः (raktāḥ) - those who are attached; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; अभ्यजानन्त (abhyajānanta) - they recognized; कार्य (kārya) - what should be done; अकार्यं (akāryaṃ) - what should not be done; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]

(But attachment by name completely touched them who had come under the control of desire. And those who were attached did not recognize what should be done and what should not be done, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)

But, O Yudhiṣṭhira, attachment called desire completely overtook those who had fallen under its sway, and those thus attached could no longer discern right from wrong.

अगम्यागमनं चैव वाच्यावाच्यं तथैव च। भक्ष्याभक्ष्यं च राजेन्द्र दोषादोषं च नात्यजन् ॥१२-५९-२०॥

agamyāgamanaṃ caiva vācyāvācyaṃ tathaiva ca| bhakṣyābhakṣyaṃ ca rājendra doṣādoṣaṃ ca nātyajan ॥12-59-20॥

[अगम्य (agamya) - not to be approached; आगमनं (āgamanaṃ) - approaching; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वाच्य (vācya) - to be spoken; अवाच्यं (avācyaṃ) - not to be spoken; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; भक्ष्य (bhakṣya) - to be eaten; अभक्ष्यं (abhakṣyaṃ) - not to be eaten; च (ca) - and; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; दोष (doṣa) - fault; अदोषं (adoṣaṃ) - not fault; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; अत्यजन् (atyajan) - he did not abandon;]

(Not to be approached, approaching, and indeed; to be spoken, not to be spoken, likewise and; to be eaten, not to be eaten, and, O king; fault, not fault, and he did not abandon.)

He did not abandon what should not be approached or approached, what should or should not be spoken, what should or should not be eaten, O king, nor what is fault or not fault.

विप्लुते नरलोकेऽस्मिंस्ततो ब्रह्म ननाश ह। नाशाच्च ब्रह्मणो राजन्धर्मो नाशमथागमत् ॥१२-५९-२१॥

viplute naraloke'smiṃstato brahma nanāśa ha। nāśācca brahmaṇo rājan dharmo nāśam athāgamat ॥12-59-21॥

[विप्लुते (viplute) - having been overturned; नरलोके (naraloke) - in the world of men; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; ततः (tataḥ) - then; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Veda; ननाश (nanāśa) - was destroyed; ह (ha) - indeed; नाशात् (nāśāt) - from the destruction; च (ca) - and; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of the Veda; राजन् (rājan) - O king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction; अथ (atha) - then; आगमत् (āgamat) - came;]

(Having been overturned in this world of men, then the Veda was indeed destroyed. And from the destruction of the Veda, O king, righteousness then came to destruction.)

When the world of men was overturned, then the Veda was destroyed. From the destruction of the Veda, O king, righteousness too perished.

नष्टे ब्रह्मणि धर्मे च देवास्त्रासमथागमन्। ते त्रस्ता नरशार्दूल ब्रह्माणं शरणं ययुः ॥१२-५९-२२॥

naṣṭe brahmaṇi dharme ca devāstrāsamathāgaman। te trastā naraśārdūla brahmāṇaṃ śaraṇaṃ yayuḥ ॥12-59-22॥

[नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when destroyed; ब्रह्मणि (brahmaṇi) - in Brahman; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; च (ca) - and; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; त्रासम् (trāsam) - fear; अथ (atha) - then; आगमन् (āgaman) - came; ते (te) - they; त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened; नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men; ब्रह्माणम् (brahmāṇam) - to Brahmā; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge; ययुः (yayuḥ) - went;]

(When Brahman and dharma were destroyed, the gods, then, in fear, came. They, frightened, O tiger among men, went to Brahmā for refuge.)

O tiger among men, when Brahman and dharma were destroyed, the frightened gods, in fear, went to Brahmā for refuge.

प्रपद्य भगवन्तं ते देवा लोकपितामहम्। ऊचुः प्राञ्जलयः सर्वे दुःखशोकभयार्दिताः ॥१२-५९-२३॥

prapadya bhagavantaṃ te devā lokapitāmaham। ūcuḥ prāñjalayaḥ sarve duḥkhaśokabhayārditāḥ ॥12-59-23॥

[प्रपद्य (prapadya) - having approached; भगवन्तं (bhagavantaṃ) - the venerable; ते (te) - your; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; लोकपितामहम् (lokapitāmaham) - the grandsire of the worlds; ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said; प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with joined palms; सर्वे (sarve) - all; दुःखशोकभयार्दिताः (duḥkhaśokabhayārditāḥ) - afflicted by pain, sorrow, and fear;]

(Having approached the venerable grandsire of the worlds, your gods, all with joined palms, afflicted by pain, sorrow, and fear, said.)

All the gods, afflicted by pain, sorrow, and fear, approached your venerable grandsire of the worlds with joined palms and spoke.

भगवन्नरलोकस्थं नष्टं ब्रह्म सनातनम्। लोभमोहादिभिर्भावैस्ततो नो भयमाविशत् ॥१२-५९-२४॥

bhagavannaralokasthaṃ naṣṭaṃ brahma sanātanam। lobhamohādibhirbhāvaistato no bhayamāviśat ॥12-59-24॥

[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; नर-लोक-स्थम् (nara-loka-stham) - situated in the world of men; नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost; ब्रह्म (brahma) - the eternal principle; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal; लोभ-मोह-आदिभिः (lobha-moha-ādibhiḥ) - by greed, delusion, and the like; भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by states (of mind); ततः (tataḥ) - therefore; नः (naḥ) - to us; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; आविशत् (āviśat) - entered;]

(O Lord, the eternal principle situated in the world of men was lost; therefore, by states such as greed and delusion, fear entered us.)

O Lord, the eternal Brahman present in the world of men was lost; thus, due to states like greed and delusion, fear entered us.

ब्रह्मणश्च प्रणाशेन धर्मोऽप्यनशदीश्वर। ततः स्म समतां याता मर्त्यैस्त्रिभुवनेश्वर ॥१२-५९-२५॥

brahmaṇaś ca praṇāśena dharmo'py anaśad īśvara। tataḥ sma samatāṃ yātā martyais tribhuvaneśvara ॥12-59-25॥

[ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman; च (ca) - and; प्रणाशेन (praṇāśena) - by destruction; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; अपि (api) - also; अनशत् (anaśat) - did not perish; ईश्वर (īśvara) - O Lord; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; स्म (sma) - indeed; समताम् (samatām) - equality; याता (yātā) - attained; मर्त्यैः (martyaiḥ) - by mortals; त्रिभुवनेश्वर (tribhuvaneśvara) - O Lord of the three worlds;]

(O Lord, by the destruction of Brahman, righteousness also did not perish. Thereafter, indeed, equality was attained by mortals, O Lord of the three worlds.)

O Lord of the three worlds, even with the destruction of Brahman, righteousness did not perish. Thereafter, mortals attained equality.

अधो हि वर्षमस्माकं मर्त्यास्तूर्ध्वप्रवर्षिणः। क्रियाव्युपरमात्तेषां ततोऽगच्छाम संशयम् ॥१२-५९-२६॥

adho hi varṣam asmākaṃ martyās tūrdhvapravarṣiṇaḥ। kriyāvyuparamāt teṣāṃ tato'gacchāma saṃśayam ॥12-59-26॥

[अधः (adhaḥ) - below; downward; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; वर्षम् (varṣam) - rain; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; of us; मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals; humans; तु (tu) - but; however; ऊर्ध्वप्रवर्षिणः (ūrdhvapravarṣiṇaḥ) - those who rain upwards; (ūrdhva - upwards; pravarṣiṇaḥ - raining;) क्रिया (kriyā) - rituals; actions; व्युपरमात् (vyuparamāt) - from cessation; from stopping; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; their; ततः (tataḥ) - therefore; from that; अगच्छाम (agacchāma) - we went; we arrived at; संशयम् (saṃśayam) - doubt; uncertainty;]

(Below indeed rain is for us mortals, but those who rain upwards—by the cessation of their rituals, therefore, we arrived at doubt.)

For us mortals, rain falls downward, but for those who cause rain to fall upward, when their rituals ceased, we became doubtful.

अत्र निःश्रेयसं यन्नस्तद्ध्यायस्व पितामह। त्वत्प्रभावसमुत्थोऽसौ प्रभावो नो विनश्यति ॥१२-५९-२७॥

atra niḥśreyasaṃ yannastaddhyāyasva pitāmaha। tvat-prabhāva-samuttho'sau prabhāvo no vinaśyati ॥12-59-27॥

[अत्र (atra) - here; निःश्रेयसं (niḥśreyasaṃ) - supreme good; यत् (yat) - which; नः (naḥ) - our; तत् (tat) - that; ध्यायस्व (dhyāyasva) - meditate upon; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; त्वत् (tvat) - from you; प्रभाव (prabhāva) - power; समुत्थः (samutthaḥ) - arisen; असौ (asau) - this; प्रभावः (prabhāvaḥ) - power; नः (naḥ) - our; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - does not perish;]

(Here, the supreme good which is ours, that meditate upon, O grandsire. The power arisen from you, this power of ours does not perish.)

O grandsire, meditate upon that which is our supreme good here. The power that has arisen from you—this power of ours—does not perish.

तानुवाच सुरान्सर्वान्स्वयम्भूर्भगवांस्ततः। श्रेयोऽहं चिन्तयिष्यामि व्येतु वो भीः सुरर्षभाः ॥१२-५९-२८॥

tānuvāca surānsarvānswayambhūrbhagavāṃstataḥ। śreyo'haṃ cintayiṣyāmi vyetu vo bhīḥ surarṣabhāḥ ॥12-59-28॥

[तान् (tān) - them; (accusative plural of 'tat') उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from root 'vac', to speak) सुरान् (surān) - the gods; (accusative plural of 'sura') सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; (accusative plural of 'sarva') स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - the self-born; (epithet of Brahmā) भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; (honorific for a deity) ततः (tataḥ) - then; (from that, after that) श्रेयो (śreyo) - better; (comparative of 'śreyas', welfare) अहम् (aham) - I; (first person singular pronoun) चिन्तयिष्यामि (cintayiṣyāmi) - will consider; (future of 'cint', to think) व्येतु (vyetu) - let be dispelled; (imperative of 'vi-i', to go away) वः (vaḥ) - your; (genitive/dative plural of 'yūyam') भीः (bhīḥ) - fear; (nominative/accusative plural of 'bhī', fear) सुरर्षभाः (surarṣabhāḥ) - bulls among the gods; (vocative plural, 'sura' + 'ṛṣabha');]

(Then the self-born venerable one said to all the gods: I will consider what is better; let your fear be dispelled, O bulls among the gods.)

Then the self-born Lord addressed all the gods: "I will think of what is best; let your fear be dispelled, O foremost of the gods."

ततोऽध्यायसहस्राणां शतं चक्रे स्वबुद्धिजम्। यत्र धर्मस्तथैवार्थः कामश्चैवानुवर्णितः ॥१२-५९-२९॥

tato'dhyāyasaḥasrāṇāṃ śataṃ cakre swabuddhijam। yatra dharmastathaivārthaḥ kāmaścaivānuvārṇitaḥ ॥12-59-29॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अध्यायसहस्राणाम् (adhyāyasaḥasrāṇām) - of thousands of chapters; शतम् (śatam) - a hundred; चक्रे (cakre) - made; स्वबुद्धिजम् (swabuddhijam) - from his own intellect; यत्र (yatra) - where; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - artha; कामः (kāmaḥ) - kāma; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अनुवर्णितः (anuvarṇitaḥ) - described;]

(Then, of thousands of chapters, a hundred (he) made from his own intellect; where dharma, likewise artha, and kāma indeed are described.)

Then he composed a hundred out of thousands of chapters from his own intellect, in which dharma, artha, and kāma are all described.

त्रिवर्ग इति विख्यातो गण एष स्वयम्भुवा। चतुर्थो मोक्ष इत्येव पृथगर्थः पृथग्गणः ॥१२-५९-३०॥

trivarga iti vikhyāto gaṇa eṣa svayambhuvā। caturtho mokṣa ityeva pṛthagarthaḥ pṛthaggaṇaḥ ॥12-59-30॥

[त्रिवर्ग (trivarga) - threefold aim; (dharma, artha, kāma); इति (iti) - thus; विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - well-known; गणः (gaṇaḥ) - group; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the self-born (Brahmā); चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - fourth; मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; पृथकर्थः (pṛthagarthaḥ) - having a separate meaning; पृथग्गणः (pṛthaggaṇaḥ) - a separate group;]

(The group called 'trivarga' (threefold aim) is well-known as such by the self-born. The fourth, mokṣa, is indeed of separate meaning, a separate group.)

The group known as 'trivarga' (dharma, artha, kāma) is declared by the self-born (Brahmā). The fourth, mokṣa (liberation), is indeed of distinct meaning and a separate group.

मोक्षस्यापि त्रिवर्गोऽन्यः प्रोक्तः सत्त्वं रजस्तमः। स्थानं वृद्धिः क्षयश्चैव त्रिवर्गश्चैव दण्डजः ॥१२-५९-३१॥

mokṣasyāpi trivargo'nyaḥ proktaḥ sattvaṃ rajastamaḥ। sthānaṃ vṛddhiḥ kṣayaścaiva trivargaścaiva daṇḍajaḥ ॥12-59-31॥

[मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of liberation; अपि (api) - also; त्रिवर्गः (trivargaḥ) - the threefold aim; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is said; सत्त्वं (sattvaṃ) - sattva; रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas; तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas; स्थानं (sthānaṃ) - state; वृद्धिः (vṛddhiḥ) - increase; क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - decline; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; त्रिवर्गः (trivargaḥ) - the threefold aim; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दण्डजः (daṇḍajaḥ) - arising from punishment;]

(Of liberation also, another threefold aim is said: sattva, rajas, tamas; state, increase, and decline indeed, and the threefold aim indeed arising from punishment.)

It is said that even for liberation, there is another threefold aim: sattva, rajas, and tamas; state, increase, and decline, and also the threefold aim arising from punishment.

आत्मा देशश्च कालश्चाप्युपायाः कृत्यमेव च। सहायाः कारणं चैव षड्वर्गो नीतिजः स्मृतः ॥१२-५९-३२॥

ātmā deśaś ca kālaś cāpy upāyāḥ kṛtyam eva ca। sahāyāḥ kāraṇaṃ caiva ṣaḍvargo nītijaḥ smṛtaḥ ॥12-59-32॥

[आत्मा (ātmā) - self; देशः (deśaḥ) - place; च (ca) - and; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उपायाः (upāyāḥ) - means; कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - action; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) - assistants; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; षड्वर्गः (ṣaḍvargaḥ) - sixfold group; नीतिजः (nītijaḥ) - arising from policy; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is regarded;]

(Self, place, and time, also means, action indeed, and assistants, cause and indeed the sixfold group, arising from policy, is regarded.)

The self, place, time, means, action, assistants, cause, and the sixfold group are considered to arise from policy.

त्रयी चान्वीक्षिकी चैव वार्ता च भरतर्षभ। दण्डनीतिश्च विपुला विद्यास्तत्र निदर्शिताः ॥१२-५९-३३॥

trayī cānvīkṣikī caiva vārtā ca bharatarṣabha। daṇḍanītiś ca vipulā vidyās tatra nidarśitāḥ ॥12-59-33॥

[त्रयी (trayī) - the three Vedas; च (ca) - and; अन्वीक्षिकी (anvīkṣikī) - philosophy; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वार्ता (vārtā) - commerce; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of governance; च (ca) - and; विपुला (vipulā) - extensive; विद्याः (vidyāḥ) - branches of knowledge; तत्र (tatra) - there; निदर्शिताः (nidarśitāḥ) - are shown; ॥१२-५९-३३॥ (॥12-59-33॥) -;]

(The three Vedas and philosophy and commerce and, O best of the Bharatas, the science of governance and extensive branches of knowledge are shown there.)

O best of the Bharatas, there are described the three Vedas, philosophy, commerce, the science of governance, and extensive branches of knowledge.

अमात्यरक्षाप्रणिधी राजपुत्रस्य रक्षणम्। चारश्च विविधोपायः प्रणिधिश्च पृथग्विधः ॥१२-५९-३४॥

amātyarakṣāpraṇidhī rājamputrasya rakṣaṇam। cāraś ca vividhopāyaḥ praṇidhiś ca pṛthagvidhaḥ ॥12-59-34॥

[अमात्यरक्षा (amātyarakṣā) - minister-protection; प्रणिधी (praṇidhī) - spies; राजपुत्रस्य (rājaputrasya) - of the prince; रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; चारः (cāraḥ) - spy; च (ca) - and; विविधोपायः (vividhopāyaḥ) - various-means; प्रणिधिः (praṇidhiḥ) - spy; च (ca) - and; पृथग्विधः (pṛthagvidhaḥ) - of different kinds;]

(Minister-protection, spies, protection of the prince. Spy and various means, and spy of different kinds.)

The protection of ministers and the prince is ensured by spies; spies of various means and of different kinds are employed.

साम चोपप्रदानं च भेदो दण्डश्च पाण्डव। उपेक्षा पञ्चमी चात्र कार्त्स्न्येन समुदाहृता ॥१२-५९-३५॥

sāma copapradānaṃ ca bhedo daṇḍaś ca pāṇḍava। upekṣā pañcamī cātra kārtsnyena samudāhṛtā ॥12-59-35॥

[साम (sāma) - conciliation; च (ca) - and; उपप्रदानम् (upapradānam) - gift; च (ca) - and; भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; च (ca) - and; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; उपेक्षा (upekṣā) - neglect; पञ्चमी (pañcamī) - the fifth; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - entirely; समुदाहृता (samudāhṛtā) - have been declared;]

(Conciliation and gift and division, punishment and, O Pāṇḍava, neglect, the fifth, and here, entirely, have been declared.)

O Pāṇḍava, conciliation, gift, division, punishment, and neglect—these five have been entirely declared here.

मन्त्रश्च वर्णितः कृत्स्नस्तथा भेदार्थ एव च। विभ्रंशश्चैव मन्त्रस्य सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योश्च यत्फलम् ॥१२-५९-३६॥

mantraś ca varṇitaḥ kṛtsnas tathā bhedārtha eva ca। vibhraṃśaś caiva mantrasya siddhyasiddhyoś ca yat phalam ॥12-59-36॥

[मन्त्रः (mantraḥ) - sacred utterance; च (ca) - and; वर्णितः (varṇitaḥ) - described; कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire; तथा (tathā) - also; भेदार्थः (bhedārthaḥ) - for the purpose of distinction; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; विभ्रंशः (vibhraṃśaḥ) - loss; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मन्त्रस्य (mantrasya) - of the mantra; सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः (siddhyasiddhyoḥ) - of success and failure; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; फलम् (phalam) - result;]

(The mantra is described in its entirety, also for the purpose of distinction indeed, and the loss as well, and of the mantra, of success and failure, and the result which.)

The mantra has been described in full, as well as its distinctions; also, the loss of the mantra, the results of its success and failure, have been explained.

सन्धिश्च विविधाभिख्यो हीनो मध्यस्तथोत्तमः। भयसत्कारवित्ताख्यः कार्त्स्न्येन परिवर्णितः ॥१२-५९-३७॥

sandhiś ca vividhābhikhyo hīno madhyas tathottamaḥ। bhaya-satkāra-vittākhyāḥ kārtsnyena parivarṇitaḥ ॥12-59-37॥

[सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - union; च (ca) - and; विविधाभिख्यः (vividhābhikhyaḥ) - of various names; हीनः (hīnaḥ) - inferior; मध्यः (madhyaḥ) - middling; तथा (tathā) - and also; उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - excellent; भय (bhaya) - fear; सत्कार (satkāra) - honor; वित्त (vitta) - wealth; आख्यः (ākhyāḥ) - called; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in entirety; परिवर्णितः (parivarṇitaḥ) - described;]

(Union and of various names, inferior, middling, and also excellent, fear, honor, wealth called, in entirety described.)

Union is of various kinds, known as inferior, middling, and excellent; called fear, honor, and wealth, these have been described in their entirety.

यात्राकालाश्च चत्वारस्त्रिवर्गस्य च विस्तरः। विजयो धर्मयुक्तश्च तथार्थविजयश्च ह ॥१२-५९-३८॥

yātrākālāś ca catvāras trivargasya ca vistaraḥ। vijayo dharmayuktaś ca tathārthavijayaś ca ha ॥12-59-38॥

[यात्रा (yātrā) - journey; कालाः (kālāḥ) - times; च (ca) - and; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; त्रिवर्गस्य (trivargasya) - of the three aims of life; च (ca) - and; विस्तरः (vistaraḥ) - elaboration; विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory; धर्मयुक्तः (dharmayuktaḥ) - endowed with righteousness; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अर्थविजयः (arthavijayaḥ) - victory in wealth; च (ca) - and; ह (ha) - indeed;]

(Journey times and four, and the elaboration of the three aims of life; victory endowed with righteousness and likewise victory in wealth indeed.)

The times for journeys, the four (types), the elaboration of the three aims of life, victory achieved with righteousness, and likewise victory in wealth are indeed described.

आसुरश्चैव विजयस्तथा कार्त्स्न्येन वर्णितः। लक्षणं पञ्चवर्गस्य त्रिविधं चात्र वर्णितम् ॥१२-५९-३९॥

āsuraś caiva vijayas tathā kārtsnyena varṇitaḥ। lakṣaṇaṃ pañcavargasya trividhaṃ cātra varṇitam ॥12-59-39॥

[आसुरः (āsuraḥ) - pertaining to asuras; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory; तथा (tathā) - likewise; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in entirety; वर्णितः (varṇitaḥ) - described; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic; पञ्चवर्गस्य (pañcavargasya) - of the five groups; त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; वर्णितम् (varṇitam) - described;]

(The asuric (nature) and also victory, likewise, have been described in entirety; the characteristic of the five groups, threefold, also here has been described.)

The asuric nature and victory have also been described here in their entirety; likewise, the threefold characteristic of the five groups has been explained here.

प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च दण्डोऽथ परिशब्दितः। प्रकाशोऽष्टविधस्तत्र गुह्यस्तु बहुविस्तरः ॥१२-५९-४०॥

prakāśaś cāprakāśaś ca daṇḍo 'tha pariśabditaḥ। prakāśo 'ṣṭavidhas tatra guhyas tu bahuvistaraḥ ॥12-59-40॥

[प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - manifestation; च (ca) - and; अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - non-manifestation; च (ca) - and; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - rod; अथ (atha) - then; परिशब्दितः (pariśabditaḥ) - designated; प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - manifestation; अष्टविधः (aṣṭavidhaḥ) - eightfold; तत्र (tatra) - there; गुह्यः (guhyaḥ) - secret; तु (tu) - but; बहुविस्तरः (bahuvistaraḥ) - of much extent;]

(Manifestation and non-manifestation, the rod then is designated. Manifestation is eightfold there, but the secret is of much extent.)

Manifestation and non-manifestation, the rod is thus designated. There, manifestation is of eight kinds, but the secret is extensive.

रथा नागा हयाश्चैव पादाताश्चैव पाण्डव। विष्टिर्नावश्चराश्चैव देशिकाः पथि चाष्टकम् ॥१२-५९-४१॥

rathā nāgā hayāścaiva pādātāścaiva pāṇḍava। viṣṭirnāvaścarāścaiva deśikāḥ pathi cāṣṭakam ॥12-59-41॥

[रथा (rathāḥ) - chariots; नागा (nāgāḥ) - elephants; हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पादाताः (pādātāḥ) - foot-soldiers; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; विष्टिः (viṣṭiḥ) - forced laborers; नावः (nāvaḥ) - boats; चराः (carāḥ) - spies; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; देशिकाः (deśikāḥ) - guides; पथि (pathi) - on the road; च (ca) - and; अष्टकम् (aṣṭakam) - eightfold group;]

(Chariots, elephants, horses and indeed foot-soldiers, O Pāṇḍava; forced laborers, boats, spies and indeed guides on the road and an eightfold group.)

O Pāṇḍava, there are chariots, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers; also forced laborers, boats, spies, and guides on the road, forming an eightfold group.

अङ्गान्येतानि कौरव्य प्रकाशानि बलस्य तु। जङ्गमाजङ्गमाश्चोक्ताश्चूर्णयोगा विषादयः ॥१२-५९-४२॥

aṅgānyetāni kauravya prakāśāni balasya tu। jaṅgamājaṅgamāścoktāścūrṇayogā viṣādayaḥ ॥12-59-42॥

[अङ्गानि (aṅgāni) - limbs; एतानि (etāni) - these; कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; प्रकाशानि (prakāśāni) - manifestations; बलस्य (balasya) - of strength; तु (tu) - but; जङ्गम (jaṅgama) - moving; अजङ्गम (ajaṅgama) - non-moving; आः (āḥ) - and; च (ca) - and; उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - are said; चूर्णयोगाः (cūrṇayogāḥ) - powder mixtures; विषादयः (viṣādayaḥ) - poisons and the like;]

(Limbs these, O descendant of Kuru, manifestations of strength but; moving, non-moving and, and are said, powder mixtures, poisons and the like.)

O descendant of Kuru, these limbs are manifestations of strength; moving and non-moving, as well as powder mixtures, poisons and the like, are described.

स्पर्शे चाभ्यवहार्ये चाप्युपांशुर्विविधः स्मृतः। अरिर्मित्रमुदासीन इत्येतेऽप्यनुवर्णिताः ॥१२-५९-४३॥

sparśe cābhyavahārye cāpyupāṃśurvividhaḥ smṛtaḥ| arirmitramudāsīna ityetepyanuvarṇitāḥ ॥12-59-43॥

[स्पर्शे (sparśe) - in contact; च (ca) - and; अभ्यवहार्ये (abhyavahārye) - in what is to be consumed; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उपांशुः (upāṃśuḥ) - in a low voice; विविधः (vividhaḥ) - various; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; उदासीनः (udāsīnaḥ) - neutral; इति (iti) - thus; एते (ete) - these; अपि (api) - also; अनुवर्णिताः (anuvarṇitāḥ) - are described;]

(In contact and in what is to be consumed and also in a low voice, various (types) are considered. Enemy, friend, neutral—thus these also are described.)

Various types are considered in contact, in what is to be consumed, and also in a low voice. These—enemy, friend, and neutral—are also described.

कृत्स्ना मार्गगुणाश्चैव तथा भूमिगुणाश्च ह। आत्मरक्षणमाश्वासः स्पशानां चान्ववेक्षणम् ॥१२-५९-४४॥

kṛtsnā mārga-guṇāś caiva tathā bhūmi-guṇāś ca ha। ātma-rakṣaṇam āśvāsaḥ spaśānāṃ ca anvavekṣaṇam ॥12-59-44॥

[कृत्स्ना (kṛtsnā) - entire; whole; मार्गगुणाः (mārga-guṇāḥ) - qualities of the path; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; भूमिगुणाः (bhūmi-guṇāḥ) - qualities of the ground; च (ca) - and; ह (ha) - indeed; आत्मरक्षणम् (ātma-rakṣaṇam) - self-protection; आश्वासः (āśvāsaḥ) - reassurance; स्पशानाम् (spaśānām) - of the senses; च (ca) - and; अन्ववेक्षणम् (anvavekṣaṇam) - observation;]

(Entirely the qualities of the path and likewise the qualities of the ground indeed; self-protection, reassurance, and observation of the senses.)

One must consider all the qualities of the path and the ground, as well as self-protection, reassurance, and observation of the senses.

कल्पना विविधाश्चापि नृनागरथवाजिनाम्। व्यूहाश्च विविधाभिख्या विचित्रं युद्धकौशलम् ॥१२-५९-४५॥

kalpanā vividhāś cāpi nṛnāgarathavājinām। vyūhāś ca vividhābhikhyā vicitraṃ yuddhakauśalam ॥12-59-45॥

[कल्पना (kalpanā) - imagination; विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; नृनागरथवाजिनाम् (nṛnāgarathavājinām) - of men, elephants, chariots, and horses; व्यूहाः (vyūhāḥ) - battle formations; च (ca) - and; विविधाभिख्याः (vividhābhikhyāḥ) - of various names; विचित्रम् (vicitram) - wondrous; युद्धकौशलम् (yuddhakauśalam) - battle skill;]

(Imagination, various also, of men, elephants, chariots, and horses; battle formations and of various names, wondrous battle skill.)

There were various imaginative arrangements of men, elephants, chariots, and horses; and battle formations of many kinds and names, displaying wondrous skill in warfare.

उत्पाताश्च निपाताश्च सुयुद्धं सुपलायनम्। शस्त्राणां पायनज्ञानं तथैव भरतर्षभ ॥१२-५९-४६॥

utpātāś ca nipātāś ca suyuddhaṃ supalāyanam। śastrāṇāṃ pāyanajñānaṃ tathaiva bharatarṣabha ॥12-59-46॥

[उत्पाताः (utpātāḥ) - portents; (from ut- + √pat, to arise) च (ca) - and; निपाताः (nipātāḥ) - downfalls; (from ni- + √pat, to fall) च (ca) - and; सुयुद्धम् (suyuddham) - good battle; (su- + yuddha, battle) सुपलायनम् (supalāyanam) - good retreat; (su- + palāyana, retreat) शस्त्राणाम् (śastrāṇām) - of weapons; पायनज्ञानम् (pāyanajñānam) - knowledge of protection; (pāyana, protection + jñāna, knowledge) तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; (bharata, Bharata + ṛṣabha, bull);]

(Portents and downfalls, good battle, good retreat, knowledge of protection of weapons, likewise, O bull among the Bharatas.)

O best of the Bharatas, portents and downfalls, good battle and good retreat, and knowledge of the protection of weapons—these likewise (are to be known).

बलव्यसनमुक्तं च तथैव बलहर्षणम्। पीडनास्कन्दकालश्च भयकालश्च पाण्डव ॥१२-५९-४७॥

balavyasanamuktaṃ ca tathaiva balaharṣaṇam। pīḍanāskandakālaśca bhayakālaśca pāṇḍava ॥12-59-47॥

[बल (bala) - strength; व्यसन (vyasana) - misfortune; मुक्तं (muktaṃ) - freed; च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; बल (bala) - strength; हर्षणम् (harṣaṇam) - exhilaration; पीडना (pīḍanā) - affliction; अस्कन्दकालः (askandakālaḥ) - time of non-decline; च (ca) - and; भयकालः (bhayakālaḥ) - time of fear; च (ca) - and; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava;]

(Freed from the misfortune of strength and likewise the exhilaration of strength, affliction, the time of non-decline, and the time of fear, O Pāṇḍava.)

O Pāṇḍava, one is freed from the misfortune associated with strength, as well as from the exhilaration of strength, from affliction, from the time of non-decline, and from the time of fear.

तथा खातविधानं च योगसञ्चार एव च। चौराटव्यबलैश्चोग्रैः परराष्ट्रस्य पीडनम् ॥१२-५९-४८॥

tathā khātavidhānaṃ ca yogasañcāra eva ca। caurāṭavyabalaiścograiḥ pararāṣṭrasya pīḍanam ॥12-59-48॥

[तथा (tathā) - thus; in this manner; खातविधानम् (khātavidhānam) - the making of trenches; च (ca) - and; योगसञ्चारः (yogasañcāraḥ) - movement of troops; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and; चौराटव्यबलैः (caurāṭavyabalaiḥ) - by the fierce forces of thieves and forest-dwellers; च (ca) - and; उग्रैः (ugraiḥ) - by the formidable; परराष्ट्रस्य (pararāṣṭrasya) - of the enemy kingdom; पीडनम् (pīḍanam) - affliction; oppression;]

(Thus, the making of trenches and the movement of troops indeed, and by the fierce forces of thieves and forest-dwellers and by the formidable, the affliction of the enemy kingdom.)

Thus, the construction of trenches, the movement of troops, and the use of fierce bands of thieves and forest-dwellers are means for oppressing the enemy kingdom.

अग्निदैर्गरदैश्चैव प्रतिरूपकचारकैः। श्रेणिमुख्योपजापेन वीरुधश्छेदनेन च ॥१२-५९-४९॥

agnidair garadaiś caiva pratirūpakacārakaiḥ। śreṇimukhyopajāpena vīrudhaś chedanena ca ॥12-59-49॥

[अग्निदैः (agnidaiḥ) - by fires; गरदैः (garadaiḥ) - by poisons; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रतिरूपकचारकैः (pratirūpakacārakaiḥ) - by disguised spies; श्रेणि-मुख्य-उपजापेन (śreṇi-mukhya-upajāpena) - by the persuasion of guild leaders; वीरुधः (vīrudhaḥ) - creepers; छेदनेन (chedanena) - by cutting; च (ca) - and;]

(By fires, by poisons, and indeed by disguised spies, by the persuasion of guild leaders, and by cutting creepers.)

By means of fire, poison, disguised agents, persuasion of guild leaders, and by cutting creepers.

दूषणेन च नागानामाशङ्काजननेन च। आरोधनेन भक्तस्य पथश्चोपार्जनेन च ॥१२-५९-५०॥

dūṣaṇena ca nāgānām āśaṅkājananena ca| ārodhanena bhaktasya pathaś copārjanena ca ॥12-59-50॥

[दूषणेन (dūṣaṇena) - by defiling; by corruption; च (ca) - and; नागानाम् (nāgānām) - of elephants; आशङ्का-जननेन (āśaṅkā-jananena) - by causing suspicion; च (ca) - and; आरोधनेन (ārodhanena) - by obstructing; भक्तस्य (bhaktasya) - of the devotee; of food; पथः (pathaḥ) - the path; च (ca) - and; उपार्जनेन (upārjanena) - by acquisition; by obtaining; च (ca) - and;]

(By defiling and by causing suspicion among elephants, and by obstructing the path of the devotee, and by acquisition.)

By corrupting and causing suspicion among the elephants, and by obstructing the devotee's path and by acquisition.

सप्ताङ्गस्य च राज्यस्य ह्रासवृद्धिसमञ्जसम्। दूतसामर्थ्ययोगश्च राष्ट्रस्य च विवर्धनम् ॥१२-५९-५१॥

saptāṅgasya ca rājyasya hrāsavṛddhisamañjasam। dūtasāmarthyayogaś ca rāṣṭrasya ca vivardhanam ॥12-59-51॥

[सप्ताङ्गस्य (saptāṅgasya) - of the seven-limbed (state); च (ca) - and; राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom; ह्रास (hrāsa) - decline; वृद्धि (vṛddhi) - growth; समञ्जसम् (samañjasam) - proper; दूत (dūta) - messenger; सामर्थ्य (sāmarthya) - capability; योगः (yogaḥ) - union; च (ca) - and; राष्ट्रस्य (rāṣṭrasya) - of the nation; च (ca) - and; विवर्धनम् (vivardhanam) - increase;]

(The proper decline and growth of the seven-limbed kingdom, and the union of the messenger's capability, and the increase of the nation.)

The proper management of the rise and fall of the seven-limbed kingdom, along with the effective employment of capable messengers, leads to the growth of the nation.

अरिमध्यस्थमित्राणां सम्यक्चोक्तं प्रपञ्चनम्। अवमर्दः प्रतीघातस्तथैव च बलीयसाम् ॥१२-५९-५२॥

arimadhyasthamitrāṇāṃ samyakcoktaṃ prapañcanam। avamardaḥ pratīghātastathaiva ca balīyasām ॥12-59-52॥

[अरि (ari) - enemy; मध्यस्थ (madhyastha) - neutral; standing in the middle; मित्राणां (mitrāṇām) - of friends; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; rightly; च (ca) - and; उक्तं (uktaṃ) - spoken; said; प्रपञ्चनम् (prapañcanam) - elaboration; explanation; अवमर्दः (avamardaḥ) - oppression; crushing; प्रतीघातः (pratīghātaḥ) - resistance; opposition; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and; बलीयसाम् (balīyasām) - of the stronger; of the powerful;]

(The proper and rightly spoken elaboration regarding enemies, neutrals, and friends; oppression and resistance likewise of the powerful.)

A proper and thorough explanation has been given regarding enemies, neutrals, and friends, as well as the oppression and resistance by the powerful.

व्यवहारः सुसूक्ष्मश्च तथा कण्टकशोधनम्। शमो व्यायामयोगश्च योगो द्रव्यस्य सञ्चयः ॥१२-५९-५३॥

vyavahāraḥ susūkṣmaś ca tathā kaṇṭakaśodhanam। śamo vyāyāmayogaś ca yogo dravyasya sañcayaḥ ॥12-59-53॥

[व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - conduct; सुसूक्ष्मः (susūkṣmaḥ) - very subtle; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; कण्टकशोधनम् (kaṇṭakaśodhanam) - removal of thorns; शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility; व्यायामयोगः (vyāyāmayogaḥ) - practice of exercise; च (ca) - and; योगः (yogaḥ) - union; द्रव्यस्य (dravyasya) - of substance; सञ्चयः (sañcayaḥ) - accumulation;]

(Conduct, very subtle and also removal of thorns; tranquility, practice of exercise and union, accumulation of substance.)

Conduct is very subtle, as is the removal of thorns; tranquility, exercise, and the union are the accumulation of substance.

अभृतानां च भरणं भृतानां चान्ववेक्षणम्। अर्थकाले प्रदानं च व्यसनेष्वप्रसङ्गिता ॥१२-५९-५४॥

abhṛtānāṃ ca bharaṇaṃ bhṛtānāṃ cānvavekṣaṇam। arthakāle pradānaṃ ca vyasaneṣvaprasaṅgitā ॥12-59-54॥

[अभृतानाम् (abhṛtānām) - of those not maintained; च (ca) - and; भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance; भृतानाम् (bhṛtānām) - of those maintained; च (ca) - and; अन्ववेक्षणम् (anvavekṣaṇam) - supervision; अर्थकाले (arthakāle) - at the time of need; प्रदानम् (pradānam) - giving; च (ca) - and; व्यसनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in adversities; अप्रसङ्गिता (aprasaṅgitā) - non-attachment;]

(Of those not maintained, maintenance; and of those maintained, supervision; at the time of need, giving; and in adversities, non-attachment.)

One should provide maintenance to those not maintained, supervise those who are maintained, give at the time of need, and remain unattached in adversities.

तथा राजगुणाश्चैव सेनापतिगुणाश्च ये। कारणस्य च कर्तुश्च गुणदोषास्तथैव च ॥१२-५९-५५॥

tathā rājaguṇāścaiva senāpatiguṇāśca ye। kāraṇasya ca kartuśca guṇadoṣāstathaiva ca ॥12-59-55॥

[तथा (tathā) - in the same way; राजगुणाः (rājaguṇāḥ) - kingly qualities; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सेनापति-गुणाः (senāpati-guṇāḥ) - qualities of the commander; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - which; कारणस्य (kāraṇasya) - of the minister; च (ca) - and; कर्तुः (kartuḥ) - of the doer; च (ca) - and; गुण-दोषाः (guṇa-doṣāḥ) - qualities and faults; तथा एव (tathā eva) - just so; च (ca) - and;]

(In the same way, the kingly qualities and indeed the qualities of the commander, which (are), and of the minister and of the doer, and the qualities and faults, just so and.)

Likewise, the qualities of the king, the qualities of the commander, those of the minister and the doer, as well as their respective virtues and faults, are to be considered in the same manner.

दुष्टेङ्गितं च विविधं वृत्तिश्चैवानुजीविनाम्। शङ्कितत्वं च सर्वस्य प्रमादस्य च वर्जनम् ॥१२-५९-५६॥

duṣṭeṅgitaṃ ca vividhaṃ vṛttiścaivānujīvinām। śaṅkitatvaṃ ca sarvasya pramādasya ca varjanam ॥12-59-56॥

[दुष्टेङ्गितं (duṣṭeṅgitaṃ) - evil gesture; च (ca) - and; विविधं (vividhaṃ) - various; वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अनुजीविनाम् (anujīvinām) - of dependents; शङ्कितत्वं (śaṅkitatvaṃ) - suspiciousness; च (ca) - and; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; प्रमादस्य (pramādasya) - of negligence; च (ca) - and; वर्जनम् (varjanam) - avoidance;]

(Evil gesture and various conduct indeed of dependents, suspiciousness and of all, of negligence and avoidance.)

One should avoid evil gestures and various behaviors of dependents, be wary of everyone, and shun negligence.

अलब्धलिप्सा लब्धस्य तथैव च विवर्धनम्। प्रदानं च विवृद्धस्य पात्रेभ्यो विधिवत्तथा ॥१२-५९-५७॥

alabdhalipsā labdhasya tathaiva ca vivardhanam। pradānaṃ ca vivṛddhasya pātrebhyo vidhivattathā ॥12-59-57॥

[अलब्धलिप्सा (alabdhalipsā) - desire for what is not obtained; लब्धस्य (labdhasya) - of what is obtained; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; विवर्धनम् (vivardhanam) - increase; प्रदानम् (pradānam) - giving; च (ca) - and; विवृद्धस्य (vivṛddhasya) - of what is increased; पात्रेभ्यः (pātrebhyaḥ) - to the worthy (recipients); विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; तथा (tathā) - thus;]

(Desire for what is not obtained, of what is obtained likewise increase, and giving of what is increased to the worthy according to rule thus.)

The desire for what is not yet attained, the increase of what is attained in the same way, and the giving of what has grown to worthy recipients according to proper rule—thus it should be.

विसर्गोऽर्थस्य धर्मार्थमर्थार्थं कामहेतुना। चतुर्थो व्यसनाघाते तथैवात्रानुवर्णितः ॥१२-५९-५८॥

visargo'rthasya dharmārtham arthārthaṃ kāmahetunā। caturtho vyasanāghāte tathaivātrānuvarṇitaḥ ॥12-59-58॥

[विसर्गः (visargaḥ) - emission; अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of meaning; of wealth; of purpose; धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of dharma; for righteousness; अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - for the sake of artha; for wealth; कामहेतुना (kāmahetunā) - by the motive of desire; चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - the fourth; व्यसनाघाते (vyasanāghāte) - in the destruction of calamity; in the blow of misfortune; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; अत्र (atra) - here; अनुवर्णितः (anuvarṇitaḥ) - is described;]

(Emission of meaning for the sake of dharma, for the sake of artha, by the motive of desire; the fourth, in the destruction of calamity, in the same way, here is described.)

The emission of meaning for the sake of righteousness, for wealth, or by the motive of desire, and the fourth, in the destruction of calamity, is described here in the same way.

क्रोधजानि तथोग्राणि कामजानि तथैव च। दशोक्तानि कुरुश्रेष्ठ व्यसनान्यत्र चैव ह ॥१२-५९-५९॥

krodhajāni tathogrāṇi kāmajāni tathaiva ca। daśoktāni kuruśreṣṭha vyasanānyatra caiva ha ॥12-59-59॥

[क्रोधजानि (krodhajāni) - born of anger; तथोग्राणि (tathogrāṇi) - likewise fierce ones; कामजानि (kāmajāni) - born of desire; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; दशोक्तानि (daśoktāni) - ten (are) said; कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of Kurus; व्यसनानि (vyasanāni) - afflictions; अत्र (atra) - here; चैव (caiva) - and indeed; ह (ha) - surely;]

(Born of anger, likewise fierce ones, born of desire, in the same way and; ten (are) said, O best of Kurus, afflictions, here and indeed surely.)

O best of Kurus, here, ten afflictions are said to arise, some born of anger, some fierce, and some born of desire, in the same way.

मृगयाक्षास्तथा पानं स्त्रियश्च भरतर्षभ। कामजान्याहुराचार्याः प्रोक्तानीह स्वयम्भुवा ॥१२-५९-६०॥

mṛgayākṣās tathā pānaṃ striyaś ca bharatarṣabha। kāma-jāny āhur ācāryāḥ proktāniha svayambhuvā ॥12-59-60॥

[मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting; अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - dice; तथा (tathā) - also; पानम् (pānam) - drinking (of intoxicants); स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; काम-जानि (kāma-jāni) - born of desire; आहुः (āhuḥ) - are called; आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers; प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - declared; इह (iha) - here; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the self-born (Brahmā);]

(Hunting, dice, also drinking, and women, O bull among the Bharatas, born of desire, are called (so) by teachers, declared here by the self-born (Brahmā).)

O best of the Bharatas, hunting, gambling with dice, drinking, and association with women are said by the teachers to be born of desire; these have been declared here by the self-born (Brahmā).

वाक्पारुष्यं तथोग्रत्वं दण्डपारुष्यमेव च। आत्मनो निग्रहस्त्यागोऽथार्थदूषणमेव च ॥१२-५९-६१॥

vākpāruṣyaṃ tathogratvaṃ daṇḍapāruṣyameva ca। ātmano nigrahastyāgo'thārthadūṣaṇameva ca ॥12-59-61॥

[वाक् (vāk) - speech; पारुष्यं (pāruṣyam) - harshness; तथा (tathā) - likewise; उग्रत्वं (ugratvam) - fierceness; दण्ड (daṇḍa) - punishment; पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - severity; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint; त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment; अथ (atha) - and then; अर्थ (artha) - meaning; दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - corruption; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]

(Harshness of speech, likewise fierceness, severity of punishment indeed and; restraint of oneself, abandonment, and then corruption of meaning indeed and.)

Harshness in speech, fierceness, severity in punishment, self-restraint, renunciation, and corruption of meaning—these are described here.

यन्त्राणि विविधान्येव क्रियास्तेषां च वर्णिताः। अवमर्दः प्रतीघातः केतनानां च भञ्जनम् ॥१२-५९-६२॥

yantrāṇi vividhānyeva kriyāsteṣāṃ ca varṇitāḥ। avamardaḥ pratīghātaḥ ketanānāṃ ca bhañjanam ॥12-59-62॥

[यन्त्राणि (yantrāṇi) - devices; instruments; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; of many kinds; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - functions; operations; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; their; च (ca) - and; वर्णिताः (varṇitāḥ) - described; explained; अवमर्दः (avamardaḥ) - crushing; pressing down; प्रतीघातः (pratīghātaḥ) - counteraction; resistance; केतनानाम् (ketanānām) - of standards; of banners; च (ca) - and; भञ्जनम् (bhañjanam) - breaking; shattering;]

(Devices of various kinds indeed, their functions also are described; crushing, counteraction, and breaking of standards (banners).)

Various kinds of devices and their operations are described here, including the crushing, resistance, and breaking of standards (banners).

चैत्यद्रुमाणामामर्दो रोधःकर्मान्तनाशनम्। अपस्करोऽथ गमनं तथोपास्या च वर्णिता ॥१२-५९-६३॥

caityadrumāṇāmāmardo rodhaḥkarmāntanāśanam। apaskaro'tha gamanaṃ tathopāsyā ca varṇitā ॥12-59-63॥

[चैत्यद्रुमाणाम् (caityadrumāṇām) - of sacred trees; of caitya-trees; आमर्दः (āmardaḥ) - crushing; pressing; रोधः (rodhaḥ) - obstruction; blocking; कर्मान्तनाशनम् (karmāntanāśanam) - destruction of the end of action; termination of karma; अपस्करः (apaskaraḥ) - removal; taking away; अथ (atha) - then; next; गमनम् (gamanaṃ) - going; movement; तथा (tathā) - thus; likewise; उपास्या (upāsyā) - to be worshipped; worthy of worship; च (ca) - and; वर्णिता (varṇitā) - described; explained;]

(Crushing of sacred trees, obstruction, destruction of the end of action; removal, then going, thus also the worshipped one is described.)

The crushing of sacred trees, obstruction, and the destruction of the end of karma; removal, then movement, and thus the worshipped one is described.

पणवानकशङ्खानां भेरीणां च युधां वर। उपार्जनं च द्रव्याणां परमर्म च तानि षट् ॥१२-५९-६४॥

paṇavānakashaṅkhānāṃ bherīṇāṃ ca yudhāṃ vara| upārjanaṃ ca dravyāṇāṃ paramarma ca tāni ṣaṭ ॥12-59-64॥

[पणवानकशङ्खानां (paṇavānakashaṅkhānāṃ) - of drums, kettledrums, and conches; भेरीणां (bherīṇāṃ) - of large drums; च (ca) - and; युधां (yudhāṃ) - of battles; वर (vara) - O best (one); उपार्जनं (upārjanaṃ) - acquisition; च (ca) - and; द्रव्याणां (dravyāṇāṃ) - of materials; परमर्म (paramarma) - supreme secret; च (ca) - and; तानि (tāni) - those; षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; ॥१२-५९-६४॥ (॥12-59-64॥) -;]

(Of drums, kettledrums, conches, large drums, and of battles, O best (one), acquisition and of materials, supreme secret and those six.)

O best among warriors, the acquisition of drums, kettledrums, conches, large drums, materials, and the supreme secret—these are the six (things to be acquired in battle).

लब्धस्य च प्रशमनं सतां चैव हि पूजनम्। विद्वद्भिरेकीभावश्च प्रातर्होमविधिज्ञता ॥१२-५९-६५॥

labdhasya ca praśamanaṃ satāṃ caiva hi pūjanam। vidvadbhirekībhāvaśca prātarhomavidhijñatā ॥12-59-65॥

[लब्धस्य (labdhasya) - of what is obtained; च (ca) - and; प्रशमनं (praśamanam) - pacification; सतां (satām) - of the good; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - certainly; पूजनम् (pūjanam) - honoring; विद्वद्भिः (vidvadbhiḥ) - by the learned; एकीभावः (ekībhāvaḥ) - unity; च (ca) - and; प्रातर् (prātar) - in the morning; होमविधिज्ञता (homavidhijñatā) - knowledge of the rules of the morning oblation;]

(Of what is obtained and pacification of the good, and indeed honoring; by the learned, unity and knowledge of the rules of the morning oblation.)

To restrain what is obtained, to honor the good, to maintain unity among the learned, and to know the rules of the morning oblation—these are the duties.

मङ्गलालम्भनं चैव शरीरस्य प्रतिक्रिया। आहारयोजनं चैव नित्यमास्तिक्यमेव च ॥१२-५९-६६॥

maṅgalālambhanaṃ caiva śarīrasya pratikriyā। āhārayojanaṃ caiva nityamāstikyameva ca ॥12-59-66॥

[मङ्गल (maṅgala) - auspicious; आलम्भनं (ālambhanaṃ) - support; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body; प्रतिक्रिया (pratikriyā) - reaction; आहार (āhāra) - food; योजनं (yojanaṃ) - arrangement; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; आस्तिक्यम् (āstikyam) - faith; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]

(Auspicious support and indeed the body's reaction; food arrangement and indeed always faith and indeed.)

Auspicious support, the body's response, proper food arrangement, and constant faith are essential.

एकेन च यथोत्थेयं सत्यत्वं मधुरा गिरः। उत्सवानां समाजानां क्रियाः केतनजास्तथा ॥१२-५९-६७॥

ekena ca yathottheyaṃ satyatvaṃ madhurā giraḥ। utsavānāṃ samājānāṃ kriyāḥ ketanajāstathā ॥12-59-67॥

[एकेन (ekena) - by one; by a single; by one person; च (ca) - and; यथोत्थेयं (yathottheyam) - as has arisen; as has occurred; सत्यत्वं (satyatvam) - truthfulness; state of being true; मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet; pleasant; गिरः (giraḥ) - words; speeches; उत्सवानां (utsavānāṃ) - of festivals; of celebrations; समाजानां (samājānāṃ) - of assemblies; of gatherings; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions; activities; केतनजाः (ketanajāḥ) - arising from banners; produced by standards; तथा (tathā) - likewise; in the same way;]

(By one and as has arisen, truthfulness, sweet words; of festivals, of assemblies, actions arising from banners likewise.)

Truthfulness and sweet words as they arise from one person; likewise, the actions of festivals and assemblies are produced by banners.

प्रत्यक्षा च परोक्षा च सर्वाधिकरणेषु च। वृत्तिर्भरतशार्दूल नित्यं चैवान्ववेक्षणम् ॥१२-५९-६८॥

pratyakṣā ca parokṣā ca sarvādhikaraṇeṣu ca। vṛttirbharataśārdūla nityaṃ caivānvavekṣaṇam ॥12-59-68॥

[प्रत्यक्षा (pratyakṣā) - direct perception; च (ca) - and; परोक्षा (parokṣā) - indirect perception; च (ca) - and; सर्वाधिकरणेषु (sarvādhikaraṇeṣu) - in all contexts; च (ca) - and; वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - function; भरतशार्दूल (bharataśārdūla) - O best of the Bharatas; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अन्ववेक्षणम् (anvavekṣaṇam) - investigation;]

(Direct perception and indirect perception and in all contexts and function, O best of the Bharatas, always and indeed investigation.)

O best of the Bharatas, direct and indirect perception, and investigation should always be applied in all contexts.

अदण्ड्यत्वं च विप्राणां युक्त्या दण्डनिपातनम्। अनुजीविस्वजातिभ्यो गुणेषु परिरक्षणम् ॥१२-५९-६९॥

adaṇḍyatvaṃ ca viprāṇāṃ yuktyā daṇḍanipātanam| anujīvisvajātibhyo guṇeṣu parirakṣaṇam ॥12-59-69॥

[अदण्ड्यत्वं (adaṇḍyatvaṃ) - not being liable to punishment; च (ca) - and; विप्राणां (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; युक्त्या (yuktyā) - with reason; दण्डनिपातनम् (daṇḍanipātanam) - infliction of punishment; अनुजीविस्वजातिभ्यः (anujīvisvajātibhyaḥ) - to dependents and own caste members; गुणेषु (guṇeṣu) - in virtues; परिरक्षणम् (parirakṣaṇam) - protection;]

(Not being liable to punishment of the Brāhmaṇas and, with reason, infliction of punishment; to dependents and own caste members, protection in virtues.)

Not punishing Brāhmaṇas, but inflicting punishment with reason; protecting dependents and members of one's own caste in their virtues.

रक्षणं चैव पौराणां स्वराष्ट्रस्य विवर्धनम्। मण्डलस्था च या चिन्ता राजन्द्वादशराजिका ॥१२-५९-७०॥

rakṣaṇaṃ caiva paurāṇāṃ svarāṣṭrasya vivardhanam। maṇḍalasthā ca yā cintā rājandvādaśarājikā ॥12-59-70॥

[रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पौराणाम् (paurāṇām) - of the citizens; स्वराष्ट्रस्य (svarāṣṭrasya) - of one's own kingdom; विवर्धनम् (vivardhanam) - prospering; मण्डलस्था (maṇḍalasthā) - situated in the circle (of states); च (ca) - and; या (yā) - which; चिन्ता (cintā) - concern; राजन् (rājan) - O king; द्वादशराजिका (dvādaśarājikā) - of the twelve kings;]

(Protection and indeed of the citizens, prospering of one's own kingdom; and the concern which is situated in the circle (of states), O king, of the twelve kings.)

O king, the protection of the citizens and the prosperity of one's own kingdom, as well as the concern regarding the circle of twelve kings, are to be considered.

द्वासप्ततिमतिश्चैव प्रोक्ता या च स्वयम्भुवा। देशजातिकुलानां च धर्माः समनुवर्णिताः ॥१२-५९-७१॥

dvāsaptatimatīścaiva proktā yā ca svayambhuvā। deśajātikulānāṃ ca dharmāḥ samanuvarṇitāḥ ॥12-59-71॥

[द्वा (dvā) - two; सप्तति (saptati) - seventy; मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared; या (yā) - which; च (ca) - and; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by Svayambhū (the self-born); देश (deśa) - region; जाति (jāti) - caste; कुलानां (kulānāṃ) - of families; च (ca) - and; धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - duties; समनुवर्णिताः (samanuvarṇitāḥ) - fully described;]

(And indeed, the seventy-two opinions which were declared by Svayambhū, and the duties of regions, castes, and families, have been fully described.)

The seventy-two opinions declared by Svayambhū, as well as the duties pertaining to regions, castes, and families, have all been fully described.

धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च मोक्षश्चात्रानुवर्णितः। उपायश्चार्थलिप्सा च विविधा भूरिदक्षिणाः ॥१२-५९-७२॥

dharmaś cārthaś ca kāmaś ca mokṣaś cātrānuvarṇitaḥ। upāyaś cārthalipsā ca vividhā bhūridakṣiṇāḥ ॥12-59-72॥

[धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; च (ca) - and; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - liberation; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; अनुवर्णितः (anuvarṇitaḥ) - described; उपायः (upāyaḥ) - means; च (ca) - and; अर्थलिप्सा (arthalipsā) - desire for wealth; च (ca) - and; विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various; भूरिदक्षिणाः (bhūridakṣiṇāḥ) - abundant gifts;]

(Righteousness and wealth and desire and liberation are described here; means and desire for wealth and various abundant gifts.)

Here are described righteousness, wealth, desire, and liberation; also the means, the desire for wealth, and various abundant gifts.

मूलकर्मक्रिया चात्र माया योगश्च वर्णितः। दूषणं स्रोतसामत्र वर्णितं च स्थिराम्भसाम् ॥१२-५९-७३॥

mūlakarmakriyā cātra māyā yogaśca varṇitaḥ। dūṣaṇaṃ srotasāmatra varṇitaṃ ca sthirāmbhasām ॥12-59-73॥

[मूल (mūla) - root; कर्म (karma) - action; क्रिया (kriyā) - activity; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; माया (māyā) - illusion; योगः (yogaḥ) - union; च (ca) - and; वर्णितः (varṇitaḥ) - described; दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - defect; स्रोतसाम् (srotasām) - of the channels; अत्र (atra) - here; वर्णितम् (varṇitam) - described; च (ca) - and; स्थिराम्भसाम् (sthirāmbhasām) - of stable waters;]

(Root action activity and here illusion union and described. Defect of the channels here described and of stable waters.)

Here, the root actions, activities, illusion, and union are described. Also described here are the defects of the channels and of stable waters.

यैर्यैरुपायैर्लोकश्च न चलेदार्यवर्त्मनः। तत्सर्वं राजशार्दूल नीतिशास्त्रेऽनुवर्णितम् ॥१२-५९-७४॥

yairyairupāyair lokaś ca na caled āryavartmanaḥ। tat sarvaṃ rājaśārdūla nītiśāstre'nuvarṇitam ॥12-59-74॥

[यैः यैः (yaiḥ yaiḥ) - by whichever; by whatever; by those means; उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - means; methods; strategies; लोकः (lokaḥ) - the people; the world; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; चलेत् (calet) - should deviate; should move; आर्यवर्त्मनः (āryavartmanaḥ) - from the noble path; from the path of the noble; तत् (tat) - that; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; everything; राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings; नीतिशास्त्रे (nītiśāstre) - in the treatise on polity; in the science of ethics; अनुवर्णितम् (anuvarṇitam) - has been described; has been explained; १२-५९-७४ (12-59-74) - 12-59-74;]

(By whichever means the people do not deviate from the noble path, O tiger among kings, all that has been described in the treatise on polity (nītiśāstra).)

O tiger among kings, all the means by which people do not stray from the noble path have been described in the treatise on polity.

एतत्कृत्वा शुभं शास्त्रं ततः स भगवान्प्रभुः। देवानुवाच संहृष्टः सर्वाञ्शक्रपुरोगमान् ॥१२-५९-७५॥

etat-kṛtvā śubhaṃ śāstraṃ tataḥ sa bhagavān prabhuḥ। devān uvāca saṃhṛṣṭaḥ sarvān śakra-purogamān ॥12-59-75॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - teaching; ततः (tataḥ) - then; सः (saḥ) - he; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord; देवान् (devān) - the gods; उवाच (uvāca) - spoke; संहृष्टः (saṃhṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; शक्रपुरोगमान् (śakra-purogamān) - with Indra at the forefront;]

(Having done this auspicious teaching, then he, the venerable lord, joyfully spoke to all the gods with Indra at the forefront.)

After completing this auspicious teaching, the venerable lord joyfully addressed all the gods, led by Indra.

उपकाराय लोकस्य त्रिवर्गस्थापनाय च। नवनीतं सरस्वत्या बुद्धिरेषा प्रभाविता ॥१२-५९-७६॥

upakārāya lokasya trivargasthāpanāya ca। navanītaṃ sarasvatyā buddhireṣā prabhāvitā ॥12-59-76॥

[उपकाराय (upakārāya) - for benefit; for help; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; त्रिवर्गस्थापनाय (trivargasthāpanāya) - for the establishment of the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); च (ca) - and; नवनीतं (navanītaṃ) - clarified butter; butter; सरस्वत्या (sarasvatyā) - by Sarasvatī; बुद्धि (buddhi) - intellect; एषा (eṣā) - this; प्रभाविता (prabhāvitā) - inspired; influenced;]

(For the benefit of the world and for the establishment of the three aims, this intellect, clarified like butter, has been inspired by Sarasvatī.)

This intellect, clarified like butter, has been inspired by Sarasvatī for the benefit of the world and the establishment of the three aims of life.

दण्डेन सहिता ह्येषा लोकरक्षणकारिका। निग्रहानुग्रहरता लोकाननु चरिष्यति ॥१२-५९-७७॥

daṇḍena sahitā hyeṣā lokarakṣaṇakārikā। nigrahānugraharatā lokānanu cariṣyati ॥12-59-77॥

[दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - with punishment; by means of a staff; by discipline; सहिता (sahitā) - accompanied; joined; together; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; एषा (eṣā) - this; she; लोक (loka) - world; people; रक्षण (rakṣaṇa) - protection; guarding; कारिका (kārikā) - doer; agent; performer; निग्रह (nigraha) - restraint; suppression; अनुग्रह (anugraha) - favor; kindness; granting; रता (ratā) - engaged; devoted; लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds; the people; अनु (anu) - after; following; चरिष्यति (cariṣyati) - will act; will behave; will move;]

(Indeed, this agent of world protection, accompanied by punishment, devoted to restraint and favor, will act after (towards) the people.)

Indeed, this agent of protecting the world, accompanied by discipline, devoted to both restraint and favor, will act towards the people.

दण्डेन नीयते चेयं दण्डं नयति चाप्युत। दण्डनीतिरिति प्रोक्ता त्रीँल्लोकाननुवर्तते ॥१२-५९-७८॥

daṇḍena nīyate ceyaṃ daṇḍaṃ nayati cāpyuta। daṇḍanītiriti proktā trīṃllokānanuvartate ॥12-59-78॥

[दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment; by the rod; नीयते (nīyate) - is led; is governed; च (ca) - and; इयम् (iyam) - this; दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment; rod; नयति (nayati) - leads; governs; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उत (uta) - indeed; दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of punishment; policy of the rod; इति (iti) - thus; प्रोक्ता (proktā) - is said; is called; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows; pervades;]

(By punishment this is led, and punishment also indeed leads; the science of punishment is thus said to pervade the three worlds.)

It is said that by punishment this world is governed, and punishment also indeed governs; the science of punishment is said to pervade the three worlds.

षाड्गुण्यगुणसारैषा स्थास्यत्यग्रे महात्मसु। महत्त्वात्तस्य दण्डस्य नीतिर्विस्पष्टलक्षणा ॥१२-५९-७९॥

ṣāḍguṇyaguṇasāraiṣā sthāsyatyagre mahātmasu। mahattvāttasya daṇḍasya nītirvispaṣṭalakṣaṇā ॥12-59-79॥

[षाड्गुण्य (ṣāḍguṇya) - of the sixfold policy; गुण (guṇa) - virtue; सार (sāra) - essence; एषा (eṣā) - this; स्थास्यति (sthāsyati) - will remain; अग्रे (agre) - in front; महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the great souls; महत्त्वात् (mahattvāt) - due to greatness; तस्य (tasya) - of that; दण्डस्य (daṇḍasya) - of punishment; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy; विस्पष्ट (vispaṣṭa) - clear; लक्षणा (lakṣaṇā) - characteristic;]

(This, the essence of the virtues of the sixfold policy, will remain in front among the great souls. Due to the greatness of that punishment, the policy is of clear characteristic.)

This essence of the virtues of the sixfold policy will stand foremost among the great souls. Because of the greatness of that punishment, the policy has a clear characteristic.

नयचारश्च विपुलो येन सर्वमिदं ततम्। आगमश्च पुराणानां महर्षीणां च सम्भवः ॥१२-५९-८०॥

nayacāraś ca vipulo yena sarvam idaṃ tatam। āgamaś ca purāṇānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sambhavaḥ ॥12-59-80॥

[नयचारः (nayacāraḥ) - conduct of policy; च (ca) - and; विपुलः (vipulaḥ) - extensive; येन (yena) - by which; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; इदं (idaṃ) - this; ततम् (tatam) - pervaded; आगमः (āgamaḥ) - tradition; च (ca) - and; पुराणानाम् (purāṇānām) - of the Purāṇas; महर्षीणाम् (maharṣīṇām) - of the great sages; च (ca) - and; सम्भवः (sambhavaḥ) - origin;]

(And the conduct of policy, which is extensive and by which all this is pervaded, and the tradition, the origin of the Purāṇas and of the great sages.)

The conduct of policy, which is vast and pervades everything, as well as the tradition and the origin of the Purāṇas and the great sages.

तीर्थवंशश्च वंशश्च नक्षत्राणां युधिष्ठिर। सकलं चातुराश्रम्यं चातुर्होत्रं तथैव च ॥१२-५९-८१॥

tīrthavaṃśaś ca vaṃśaś ca nakṣatrāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira। sakalaṃ cāturāśramyaṃ cāturhotraṃ tathaiva ca ॥12-59-81॥

[तीर्थवंशः (tīrthavaṃśaḥ) - lineage of sacred places; च (ca) - and; वंशः (vaṃśaḥ) - lineage; च (ca) - and; नक्षत्राणां (nakṣatrāṇām) - of the stars; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; सकलम् (sakalam) - all; चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - relating to the four āśramas; चातुर्होत्रम् (cāturhotram) - relating to the four hotṛs; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]

(The lineage of sacred places and the lineage and of the stars, O Yudhiṣṭhira; all relating to the four āśramas, relating to the four hotṛs, likewise and.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, the lineages of sacred places, the genealogies, the stars, all matters concerning the four āśramas and the four hotṛs, and likewise all such topics.

चातुर्वर्ण्यं तथैवात्र चातुर्वेद्यं च वर्णितम्। इतिहासोपवेदाश्च न्यायः कृत्स्नश्च वर्णितः ॥१२-५९-८२॥

cāturvarṇyaṃ tathaivātra cāturvedyaṃ ca varṇitam। itihāsopavedāśca nyāyaḥ kṛtsnaśca varṇitaḥ ॥12-59-82॥

[चातुर्वर्ण्यं (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four varṇas; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; in the same way; अत्र (atra) - here; चातुर्वेद्यं (cāturvedyam) - the four Vedas; च (ca) - and; वर्णितम् (varṇitam) - described; इतिहासोपवेदाः (itihāsopavedāḥ) - the histories and the subsidiary Vedas; च (ca) - and; न्यायः (nyāyaḥ) - logic; reasoning; कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire; complete; च (ca) - and; वर्णितः (varṇitaḥ) - described;]

(The system of four varṇas, just so here, the four Vedas and (all) have been described. The histories and subsidiary Vedas and logic, the entire (system), have been described.)

Here, the system of four varṇas, the four Vedas, the histories, the subsidiary Vedas, and the entire system of logic have all been described.

तपो ज्ञानमहिंसा च सत्यासत्ये नयः परः। वृद्धोपसेवा दानं च शौचमुत्थानमेव च ॥१२-५९-८३॥

tapo jñānamahiṃsā ca satyāsatye nayaḥ paraḥ। vṛddhopasevā dānaṃ ca śaucamutthānameva ca ॥12-59-83॥

[तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge; अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) - non-violence; च (ca) - and; सत्यासत्ये (satyāsatye) - in truth and untruth; नयः (nayaḥ) - conduct; परः (paraḥ) - supreme; वृद्धोपसेवा (vṛddhopasevā) - service to elders; दानम् (dānam) - charity; च (ca) - and; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; उत्थानम् (utthānam) - diligence; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]

(Austerity, knowledge, non-violence, and supreme conduct in truth and untruth; service to elders, charity, and purity, diligence indeed and.)

Austerity, knowledge, non-violence, supreme conduct in truth and untruth, service to elders, charity, purity, and diligence are extolled as virtues.

सर्वभूतानुकम्पा च सर्वमत्रोपवर्णितम्। भुवि वाचोगतं यच्च तच्च सर्वं समर्पितम् ॥१२-५९-८४॥

sarvabhūtānukampā ca sarvam atropavarṇitam। bhuvi vācyogataṃ yac ca tac ca sarvaṃ samarpitam ॥12-59-84॥

[सर्व (sarva) - all; भूत (bhūta) - beings; अनुकम्पा (anukampā) - compassion; च (ca) - and; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; अत्र (atra) - here; उपवर्णितम् (upavarṇitam) - described; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; वाचः (vācaḥ) - of speech; गतं (gataṃ) - gone; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; समर्पितम् (samarpitam) - offered;]

(All beings compassion and all here described; on earth of speech gone which and that and all offered.)

Compassion for all beings and everything described here; whatever has been spoken on earth, all that has been offered.

तस्मिन्पैतामहे शास्त्रे पाण्डवैतदसंशयम्। धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाश्च सकला ह्यत्र शब्दिताः ॥१२-५९-८५॥

tasmin paitāmahe śāstre pāṇḍava etad asaṃśayam। dharmārthakāmamokṣāś ca sakalā hy atra śabditāḥ ॥12-59-85॥

[तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; (locative singular of tat) पैतामहे (paitāmahe) - ancestral; (pertaining to the grandfather, i.e., Bhīṣma) शास्त्रे (śāstre) - treatise; (in the scripture) पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) एतत् (etad) - this; (accusative singular neuter) असंशयम् (asaṃśayam) - without doubt; धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; अर्थ (artha) - wealth; काम (kāma) - desire; मोक्षाः (mokṣāḥ) - liberations; (plural of mokṣa) च (ca) - and; सकलाः (sakalāḥ) - all; हि (hi) - indeed; अत्र (atra) - here; शब्दिताः (śabditāḥ) - expressed; (declared, mentioned;);]

(In that ancestral treatise, O Pāṇḍava, this (is) without doubt: righteousness, wealth, desire, and liberations—all indeed are expressed here.)

O Pāṇḍava, in that ancestral scripture, there is no doubt that all the aims of life—righteousness, wealth, desire, and liberation—are indeed discussed here.

ततस्तां भगवान्नीतिं पूर्वं जग्राह शङ्करः। बहुरूपो विशालाक्षः शिवः स्थाणुरुमापतिः ॥१२-५९-८६॥

tatastāṃ bhagavānnītiṃ pūrvaṃ jagrāha śaṅkaraḥ। bahurūpo viśālākṣaḥ śivaḥ sthāṇurumāpatiḥ ॥12-59-86॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; तां (tāṃ) - that; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one; नीतिं (nītiṃ) - conduct; पूर्वं (pūrvam) - previously; जग्राह (jagrāha) - accepted; शङ्करः (śaṅkaraḥ) - Śaṅkara; बहुरूपः (bahurūpaḥ) - of many forms; विशालाक्षः (viśālākṣaḥ) - wide-eyed; शिवः (śivaḥ) - Śiva; स्थाणुः (sthāṇuḥ) - the steadfast; उमापतिः (umāpatiḥ) - the husband of Umā;]

(Then that revered one, Śaṅkara, previously accepted that conduct. The many-formed, wide-eyed, Śiva, the steadfast, the husband of Umā.)

Then Śaṅkara, the revered one, accepted that conduct as before. Śiva, the many-formed, wide-eyed, steadfast husband of Umā.

युगानामायुषो ह्रासं विज्ञाय भगवाञ्शिवः। सञ्चिक्षेप ततः शास्त्रं महार्थं ब्रह्मणा कृतम् ॥१२-५९-८७॥

yugānām āyuṣo hrāsaṃ vijñāya bhagavān śivaḥ। sañcikṣepa tataḥ śāstraṃ mahārthaṃ brahmaṇā kṛtam ॥12-59-87॥

[युगानाम् (yugānām) - of the ages; आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of lifespan; ह्रासम् (hrāsam) - decline; विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered; शिवः (śivaḥ) - Śiva; सञ्चिक्षेप (sañcikṣepa) - abridged; ततः (tataḥ) - then; शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - the scripture; महार्थम् (mahārtham) - of great meaning; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā; कृतम् (kṛtam) - composed;]

(Having known the decline of the lifespan of the ages, the revered Śiva then abridged the scripture of great meaning composed by Brahmā.)

Recognizing the decreasing lifespan in the ages, the revered Śiva then condensed the scripture of great significance, which had been composed by Brahmā.

वैशालाक्षमिति प्रोक्तं तदिन्द्रः प्रत्यपद्यत। दशाध्यायसहस्राणि सुब्रह्मण्यो महातपाः ॥१२-५९-८८॥

vaiśālākṣam iti proktaṃ tad indraḥ pratyapadyata। daśādhyāya-sahasrāṇi subrahmaṇyo mahātapāḥ ॥12-59-88॥

[वैशालाक्षम् (vaiśālākṣam) - Vaiśālākṣa (name); इति (iti) - thus; प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - was said; तत् (tat) - that; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - accepted; दश (daśa) - ten; अध्याय (adhyāya) - chapters; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; सुब्रह्मण्यः (subrahmaṇyaḥ) - Subrahmaṇya (name); महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic;]

(Vaiśālākṣa—thus was said, that Indra accepted. Ten thousand chapters, Subrahmaṇya, great ascetic.)

Indra accepted what was called 'Vaiśālākṣa'. Subrahmaṇya, the great ascetic, (studied or composed) ten thousand chapters.

भगवानपि तच्छास्त्रं सञ्चिक्षेप पुरंदरः। सहस्रैः पञ्चभिस्तात यदुक्तं बाहुदन्तकम् ॥१२-५९-८९॥

bhagavān api tac chāstraṃ sañcikṣepa puraṃdaraḥ। sahasraiḥ pañcabhiḥ tāta yad uktaṃ bāhudantakam ॥12-59-89॥

[भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; अपि (api) - also; तत् (tat) - that; शास्त्रं (śāstram) - treatise; सञ्चिक्षेप (sañcikṣepa) - summarized; पुरंदरः (puraṃdaraḥ) - Indra; सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands; पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five; तात (tāta) - O dear one; यत् (yat) - which; उक्तं (uktaṃ) - was said; बाहुदन्तकम् (bāhudantakam) - ending with Bāhudanta (a sage's name);]

(The Lord also summarized that treatise, O dear one, Indra, in five thousand (verses), which was said ending with Bāhudanta.)

O dear one, Indra also summarized that treatise, which was said up to Bāhudanta, in five thousand verses.

अध्यायानां सहस्रैस्तु त्रिभिरेव बृहस्पतिः। सञ्चिक्षेपेश्वरो बुद्ध्या बार्हस्पत्यं तदुच्यते ॥१२-५९-९०॥

adhyāyānāṃ sahasraistu tribhireva bṛhaspatiḥ। sañcikṣepeśvaro buddhyā bārhaspatyaṃ taducyate ॥12-59-90॥

[अध्यायानां (adhyāyānām) - of chapters; सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands; तु (tu) - but; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; एव (eva) - indeed; बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati; सञ्चिक्षेप (sañcikṣepa) - condensed; ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the lord; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; बार्हस्पत्यं (bārhaspatyaṃ) - the teaching of Bṛhaspati; तत् (tat) - that; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]

(Of chapters by thousands but by three indeed Bṛhaspati condensed, the lord, by intellect, the teaching of Bṛhaspati, that is said.)

Bṛhaspati, the lord, condensed the teachings found in thousands of chapters into just three, and this is called the Bārhaspatya teaching.

अध्यायानां सहस्रेण काव्यः सङ्क्षेपमब्रवीत्। तच्छास्त्रममितप्रज्ञो योगाचार्यो महातपाः ॥१२-५९-९१॥

adhyāyānāṃ sahasreṇa kāvyaḥ saṅkṣepam abravīt। tac chāstram amita-prajñaḥ yogācāryo mahātapāḥ ॥12-59-91॥

[अध्यायानाम् (adhyāyānām) - of chapters; सहस्रेण (sahasreṇa) - by a thousand; काव्यः (kāvyaḥ) - Kāvya (the sage); सङ्क्षेपम् (saṅkṣepam) - summary; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke; तत् (tat) - that; शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - treatise; अमितप्रज्ञः (amita-prajñaḥ) - of boundless wisdom; योगाचार्यः (yogācāryaḥ) - the teacher of yoga; महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic;]

(Kāvya, by a thousand chapters, spoke the summary. That treatise, of boundless wisdom, the teacher of yoga, the great ascetic.)

Kāvya composed a summary in a thousand chapters. That treatise, created by the teacher of yoga, the great ascetic of boundless wisdom.

एवं लोकानुरोधेन शास्त्रमेतन्महर्षिभिः। सङ्क्षिप्तमायुर्विज्ञाय मर्त्यानां ह्रासि पाण्डव ॥१२-५९-९२॥

evaṃ lokānurodhena śāstram etan maharṣibhiḥ। saṅkṣiptam āyur vijñāya martyānāṃ hrāsi pāṇḍava ॥12-59-92॥

[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; लोकानुरोधेन (lokānurodhena) - by the request of people; शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - treatise; एतत् (etat) - this; महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by great sages; सङ्क्षिप्तम् (saṅkṣiptam) - abridged; आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan; विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known; मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals; ह्रासि (hrāsi) - decline; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava;]

(Thus, by the request of people, this treatise was abridged by the great sages, having known the decline of the lifespan of mortals, O Pāṇḍava.)

O Pāṇḍava, thus, at the request of people, the great sages abridged this treatise, having understood the decline in the lifespan of mortals.

अथ देवाः समागम्य विष्णुमूचुः प्रजापतिम्। एको योऽर्हति मर्त्येभ्यः श्रैष्ठ्यं तं वै समादिश ॥१२-५९-९३॥

atha devāḥ samāgamya viṣṇumūcuḥ prajāpatim। eko yo'rhati martyebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ taṃ vai samādiśa ॥12-59-93॥

[अथ (atha) - then; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; समागम्य (samāgamya) - having assembled; विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu; ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said; प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - to the Lord of creatures; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; यः (yaḥ) - who; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; मर्त्येभ्यः (martyebhyaḥ) - among mortals; श्रैष्ठ्यम् (śraiṣṭhyam) - excellence; तम् (tam) - him; वै (vai) - indeed; समादिश (samādiśa) - appoint;]

(Then the gods, having assembled, said to Viṣṇu, the Lord of creatures: "Appoint that one among mortals who is worthy of excellence.")

Then the gods gathered and said to Viṣṇu, the Lord of creatures: "Appoint that one among mortals who is truly worthy of the highest excellence."

ततः सञ्चिन्त्य भगवान्देवो नारायणः प्रभुः। तैजसं वै विरजसं सोऽसृजन्मानसं सुतम् ॥१२-५९-९४॥

tataḥ sañcintya bhagavān devo nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ। taijasaṃ vai virajasaṃ so'sṛjan mānasaṃ sutam ॥12-59-94॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; सञ्चिन्त्य (sañcintya) - having contemplated; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the illustrious; देवः (devaḥ) - god; नारायणः (nārāyaṇaḥ) - Nārāyaṇa; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord; तैजसं (taijasaṃ) - of tejas (radiance); वै (vai) - indeed; विरजसं (virajasaṃ) - free from passion; सः (saḥ) - he; असृजत् (asṛjat) - created; मानसं (mānasaṃ) - mental; सुतम् (sutam) - son;]

(Then, having contemplated, the illustrious god Nārāyaṇa, the lord, indeed created a mental son of radiance, free from passion.)

Then, after deep contemplation, the illustrious Lord Nārāyaṇa created a radiant and passionless son from his mind.

विरजास्तु महाभाग विभुत्वं भुवि नैच्छत। न्यासायैवाभवद्बुद्धिः प्रणीता तस्य पाण्डव ॥१२-५९-९५॥

virajāstu mahābhāga vibhutvaṃ bhuvi naicchata। nyāsāyaivābhavadbuddhiḥ praṇītā tasya pāṇḍava ॥12-59-95॥

[विरजा (virajā) - Virajā; (name of a person); तु (tu) - but; however; महाभाग (mahābhāga) - O greatly fortunate one; विभुत्वं (vibhutvaṃ) - sovereignty; lordship; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; न (na) - not; ऐच्छत (aicchata) - desired; wished; न्यासाय (nyāsāya) - for renunciation; for laying down; एव (eva) - indeed; only; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; was; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intention; resolve; प्रणीता (praṇītā) - directed; led; तस्य (tasya) - his; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; (descendant of Pāṇḍu);]

(Virajā but, O greatly fortunate one, sovereignty on earth did not desire; for renunciation indeed became the intention directed of his, O Pāṇḍava.)

But Virajā, O greatly fortunate one, did not desire sovereignty on earth; his mind was directed only towards renunciation, O Pāṇḍava.

कीर्तिमांस्तस्य पुत्रोऽभूत्सोऽपि पञ्चातिगोऽभवत्। कर्दमस्तस्य च सुतः सोऽप्यतप्यन्महत्तपः ॥१२-५९-९६॥

kīrtimāṃs tasya putro 'bhūt so 'pi pañcātigo 'bhavat। kardamas tasya ca sutaḥ so 'py atapyan mahattapaḥ ॥12-59-96॥

[कीर्तिमान् (kīrtimān) - possessed of fame; तस्य (tasya) - his; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; अभूत् (abhūt) - became; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; पञ्चातिगः (pañcātigaḥ) - one who surpassed five (generations); अभवत् (abhavat) - became; कर्दमः (kardamaḥ) - Kardama; तस्य (tasya) - his; च (ca) - and; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; अतप्यत् (atapyan) - performed austerities; महत् (mahat) - great; तपः (tapaḥ) - penance;]

(Possessed of fame, his son became; he also became one who surpassed five (generations). Kardama, his son, and he also performed great penance.)

His son, possessed of fame, was born and he too surpassed five generations. Kardama, his son, also performed great penance.

प्रजापतेः कर्दमस्य अनङ्गो नाम वै सुतः। प्रजानां रक्षिता साधुर्दण्डनीतिविशारदः ॥१२-५९-९७॥

prajāpateḥ kardamasya anaṅgo nāma vai sutaḥ। prajānāṃ rakṣitā sādhur daṇḍanītiviśāradaḥ ॥12-59-97॥

[प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati; कर्दमस्य (kardamasya) - of Kardama; अनङ्गः (anaṅgaḥ) - Anaṅga; नाम (nāma) - by name; वै (vai) - indeed; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the beings; रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protector; साधुः (sādhuḥ) - virtuous; दण्डनीतिविशारदः (daṇḍanītiviśāradaḥ) - expert in the science of punishment;]

(Of Prajāpati, of Kardama, Anaṅga by name indeed (was) the son. Of the beings, (he was) the protector, virtuous, expert in the science of punishment.)

Anaṅga, the son of Kardama, who was a descendant of Prajāpati, was indeed his name. He was the protector of the people, virtuous, and an expert in the science of punishment.

अनङ्गपुत्रोऽतिबलो नीतिमानधिगम्य वै। अभिपेदे महीराज्यमथेन्द्रियवशोऽभवत् ॥१२-५९-९८॥

anaṅgaputro'tibalo nītimānadhigamya vai। abhipede mahīrājyamathe'ndriyavaśo'bhavat ॥12-59-98॥

[अनङ्गपुत्रः (anaṅgaputraḥ) - son of Ananga; अतिबलः (atibalaḥ) - very strong; नीतिमान् (nītimān) - wise; अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having attained; वै (vai) - indeed; अभिपेदे (abhipede) - he obtained; महीराज्यम् (mahīrājyam) - earthly kingdom; अथ (atha) - then; इन्द्रियवशः (indriyavaśaḥ) - under the control of the senses; अभवत् (abhavat) - he became;]

(The son of Ananga, very strong and wise, having indeed attained, obtained the earthly kingdom; then he became under the control of the senses.)

The son of Ananga, who was very strong and wise, attained the earthly kingdom; but then he came under the sway of his senses.

मृत्योस्तु दुहिता राजन्सुनीथा नाम मानसी। प्रख्याता त्रिषु लोकेषु या सा वेनमजीजनत् ॥१२-५९-९९॥

mṛtyostu duhitā rājan sunīthā nāma mānasī। prakhyātā triṣu lokeṣu yā sā venam ajījanat ॥12-59-99॥

[मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death; (personified); अस् (as) - of; (genitive suffix); तु (tu) - but; दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सुनीथा (sunīthā) - Sunīthā; (proper name); नाम (nāma) - named; मानसी (mānasī) - mental; born of the mind; प्रख्याता (prakhyātā) - well-known; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - worlds; या (yā) - who; सा (sā) - she; वेन् (ven) - Vena; (proper name, son); अजीजनत् (ajījanat) - gave birth;]

(But the daughter of Death, O king, Sunīthā by name, born of the mind, well-known in the three worlds, she gave birth to Vena.)

O king, Sunīthā, the mind-born and renowned daughter of Death, who is famous in the three worlds, gave birth to Vena.

तं प्रजासु विधर्माणं रागद्वेषवशानुगम्। मन्त्रपूतैः कुशैर्जघ्नुरृषयो ब्रह्मवादिनः ॥१२-५९-१००॥

taṃ prajāsu vidharmāṇaṃ rāga-dveṣa-vaśānugam। mantra-pūtaiḥ kuśair jaghnur ṛṣayo brahmavādinaḥ ॥12-59-100॥

[तं (taṃ) - him; प्रजासु (prajāsu) - among beings; विधर्माणं (vidharmāṇam) - unrighteous; रागद्वेषवशानुगम् (rāga-dveṣa-vaśānugam) - subject to the power of attachment and aversion; मन्त्रपूतैः (mantra-pūtaiḥ) - purified by mantras; कुशैः (kuśaiḥ) - with kuśa grass; जघ्नुः (jaghnur) - they struck; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages; ब्रह्मवादिनः (brahmavādinaḥ) - speakers of Brahman;]

(Him, among beings, unrighteous, subject to the power of attachment and aversion, purified by mantras, with kuśa grass, they struck, the sages, speakers of Brahman.)

The sages, speakers of Brahman, struck him—who was unrighteous among beings and subject to attachment and aversion—using kuśa grass purified by mantras.

ममन्थुर्दक्षिणं चोरुमृषयस्तस्य मन्त्रतः। ततोऽस्य विकृतो जज्ञे ह्रस्वाङ्गः पुरुषो भुवि ॥१२-५९-१०१॥

mamanthur dakṣiṇaṃ corum ṛṣayas tasya mantrataḥ। tato'sya vikṛto jajñe hrasvāṅgaḥ puruṣo bhuvi॥12-59-101॥

[ममन्थुः (mamanthuḥ) - churned; दक्षिणं (dakṣiṇam) - right; च (ca) - and; ऊरुं (ūrum) - thigh; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; तस्य (tasya) - his; मन्त्रतः (mantrataḥ) - by mantra; ततः (tataḥ) - then; अस्य (asya) - his; विकृतः (vikṛtaḥ) - deformed; जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born; ह्रस्वाङ्गः (hrasvāṅgaḥ) - short-limbed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth;]

(The sages churned his right thigh by mantra; then from it a deformed, short-limbed man was born on earth.)

The sages, by their mantra, churned his right thigh, and from it was born a deformed, short-limbed man on earth.

दग्धस्थाणुप्रतीकाशो रक्ताक्षः कृष्णमूर्धजः। निषीदेत्येवमूचुस्तमृषयो ब्रह्मवादिनः ॥१२-५९-१०२॥

dagdhasthāṇu-pratīkāśo raktākṣaḥ kṛṣṇamūrdhajaḥ। niṣīdetyevamūcus tam ṛṣayo brahmavādinaḥ॥12-59-102॥

[दग्ध (dagdha) - burnt; स्थाणु (sthāṇu) - pillar; प्रतीकाशः (pratīkāśaḥ) - resembling; रक्ताक्षः (raktākṣaḥ) - red-eyed; कृष्णमूर्धजः (kṛṣṇamūrdhajaḥ) - black-haired; निषीद (niṣīda) - sit; इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this way; ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said; तम् (tam) - to him; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; ब्रह्मवादिनः (brahmavādinaḥ) - speakers of Brahman;]

(Burnt-pillar-resembling, red-eyed, black-haired. "Sit"—thus in this way said to him the sages, speakers of Brahman.)

He, resembling a burnt pillar, with red eyes and black hair, was addressed by the sages who spoke of Brahman, saying to him, "Sit."

तस्मान्निषादाः सम्भूताः क्रूराः शैलवनाश्रयाः। ये चान्ये विन्ध्यनिलया म्लेच्छाः शतसहस्रशः ॥१२-५९-१०३॥

tasmānniṣādāḥ sambhūtāḥ krūrāḥ śailavanāśrayāḥ। ye cānye vindhyanilayā mlecchāḥ śatasahasraśaḥ ॥12-59-103॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; निषादाः (niṣādāḥ) - Niṣādas; सम्भूताः (sambhūtāḥ) - arisen; क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel; शैलवनाश्रयाः (śailavana-āśrayāḥ) - mountain-forest-dwellers; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; विन्ध्यनिलयाः (vindhya-nilayāḥ) - Vindhya-dwellers; म्लेच्छाः (mlecchāḥ) - barbarians; शतसहस्रशः (śata-sahasraśaḥ) - by hundreds of thousands;]

(From that, Niṣādas arose, cruel, mountain-forest-dwellers; and others who are Vindhya-dwellers, barbarians, by hundreds of thousands.)

From that, the Niṣādas, who are cruel and dwell in mountain forests, arose; and also many others, Vindhya-dwellers and barbarians, by the hundreds of thousands.

भूयोऽस्य दक्षिणं पाणिं ममन्थुस्ते महर्षयः। ततः पुरुष उत्पन्नो रूपेणेन्द्र इवापरः ॥१२-५९-१०४॥

bhūyo'sya dakṣiṇaṃ pāṇiṃ mamanthus te maharṣayaḥ। tataḥ puruṣa utpanno rūpeṇendra ivāparaḥ ॥12-59-104॥

[भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; अस्य (asya) - his; दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - right; पाणिम् (pāṇim) - hand; ममन्थुः (mamanthuḥ) - churned; ते (te) - those; महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages; ततः (tataḥ) - then; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - arose; रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - in form; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; इव (iva) - like; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another;]

(Again, his right hand those great sages churned; then a man arose in form like Indra, another.)

Again, those great sages churned his right hand; then another man arose, in form like Indra.

कवची बद्धनिस्त्रिंशः सशरः सशरासनः। वेदवेदाङ्गविच्चैव धनुर्वेदे च पारगः ॥१२-५९-१०५॥

kavacī baddhanistriṃśaḥ saśaraḥ saśarāsanaḥ। vedavedāṅgaviccai̱va dhanurvede ca pāragaḥ ॥12-59-105॥

[कवची (kavacī) - armored; बद्धनिस्त्रिंशः (baddhanistriṃśaḥ) - with fastened sword; सशरः (saśaraḥ) - with arrows; सशरासनः (saśarāsanaḥ) - with bow; वेदवेदाङ्गवित् (vedavedāṅgavit) - knower of Veda and Vedāṅgas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; धनुर्वेदे (dhanurvede) - in the science of archery; च (ca) - and; पारगः (pāragaḥ) - adept;]

(Armored, with fastened sword, with arrows, with bow; knower of Veda and Vedāṅgas indeed, and adept in the science of archery.)

He was armored, equipped with a fastened sword, arrows, and a bow; he was well-versed in the Veda and Vedāṅgas, and also an expert in the science of archery.

तं दण्डनीतिः सकला श्रिता राजन्नरोत्तमम्। ततः स प्राञ्जलिर्वैन्यो महर्षींस्तानुवाच ह ॥१२-५९-१०६॥

taṃ daṇḍanītiḥ sakalā śritā rājannarottamam। tataḥ sa prāñjalirvainyo maharṣīṃstānuvāca ha ॥12-59-106॥

[तं (taṃ) - him; दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - the science of punishment; सकला (sakalā) - entire; श्रिता (śritā) - resorted to; राजन् (rājan) - O king; नर-उत्तमम् (nara-uttamam) - best among men; ततः (tataḥ) - then; सः (saḥ) - he; प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with joined palms; वैण्यः (vainyaḥ) - Vainya (the king); महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - great sages; तान् (tān) - them; उवाच (uvāca) - said; ह (ha) - indeed;]

(The science of punishment, entire, resorted to him, O king, best among men. Then he, with joined palms, Vainya, said to those great sages indeed.)

O king, the entire science of punishment resorted to him, the best among men. Then Vainya, with joined palms, spoke to those great sages.

सुसूक्ष्मा मे समुत्पन्ना बुद्धिर्धर्मार्थदर्शिनी। अनया किं मया कार्यं तन्मे तत्त्वेन शंसत ॥१२-५९-१०७॥

susūkṣmā me samutpannā buddhirdharmārthadarśinī। anayā kiṃ mayā kāryaṃ tanme tattvena śaṃsata ॥12-59-107॥

[सुसूक्ष्मा (susūkṣmā) - very subtle; मे (me) - my; समुत्पन्ना (samutpannā) - arisen; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; धर्मार्थदर्शिनी (dharmārthadarśinī) - perceiving dharma and artha; अनया (anayā) - by this; किम् (kim) - what; मया (mayā) - by me; कार्यं (kāryam) - to be done; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly; शंसत (śaṃsata) - tell;]

(Very subtle my arisen intellect perceiving dharma and artha; by this what by me to be done, that to me truly tell.)

My intellect, which is very subtle and has arisen, perceives dharma and artha. Tell me truly, by this (intellect), what should be done by me.

यन्मां भवन्तो वक्ष्यन्ति कार्यमर्थसमन्वितम्। तदहं वै करिष्यामि नात्र कार्या विचारणा ॥१२-५९-१०८॥

yan māṃ bhavanto vakṣyanti kāryam arthasamanvitam। tad ahaṃ vai kariṣyāmi nātra kāryā vicāraṇā ॥12-59-108॥

[यत् (yat) - which; माम् (mām) - me; भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (honorific plural); वक्ष्यन्ति (vakṣyanti) - will say; कार्यम् (kāryam) - action; अर्थसमन्वितम् (arthasamanvitam) - endowed with purpose; तत् (tat) - that; अहम् (aham) - I; वै (vai) - indeed; करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi) - will do; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; कार्याः (kāryā) - need; विचारणा (vicāraṇā) - deliberation;]

(Which action endowed with purpose you (all) will say to me, that indeed I will do; here, there is no need for deliberation.)

Whatever purposeful action you instruct me to do, I will certainly carry out; there is no need for any deliberation here.

तमूचुरथ देवास्ते ते चैव परमर्षयः। नियतो यत्र धर्मो वै तमशङ्कः समाचर ॥१२-५९-१०९॥

tamūcuratha devāste te caiva paramarṣayaḥ। niyato yatra dharmo vai tamaśaṅkaḥ samācara ॥12-59-109॥

[तम् (tam) - him; ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said; अथ (atha) - then; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; ते (te) - they; ते (te) - those; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - the supreme sages; नियतः (niyataḥ) - restrained; यत्र (yatra) - where; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; वै (vai) - indeed; तम् (tam) - him; अशङ्कः (aśaṅkaḥ) - without doubt; समाचर (samācara) - perform;]

(Him said then the gods, those and indeed the supreme sages: restrained where dharma indeed, him without doubt perform.)

Then the gods and those supreme sages said to him: 'Where dharma is established, perform that without any doubt.'

प्रियाप्रिये परित्यज्य समः सर्वेषु जन्तुषु। कामक्रोधौ च लोभं च मानं चोत्सृज्य दूरतः ॥१२-५९-११०॥

priyāpriye parityajya samaḥ sarveṣu jantuṣu। kāmakrodhau ca lobhaṃ ca mānaṃ cotsṛjya dūrataḥ ॥12-59-110॥

[प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - dear and not dear; परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned; समः (samaḥ) - equal; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; जन्तुषु (jantuṣu) - beings; कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger; च (ca) - and; लोभं (lobhaṃ) - greed; च (ca) - and; मानं (mānaṃ) - pride; च (ca) - and; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having cast off; दूरतः (dūrataḥ) - from afar;]

(Having abandoned dear and not dear, being equal towards all beings, having cast off desire and anger, and greed and pride from afar.)

Abandoning attachment to what is dear or not dear, remaining impartial to all beings, and casting away desire, anger, greed, and pride from a distance.

यश्च धर्मात्प्रविचलेल्लोके कश्चन मानवः। निग्राह्यस्ते स बाहुभ्यां शश्वद्धर्ममवेक्षतः ॥१२-५९-१११॥

yaś ca dharmāt pravicalel loke kaś cana mānavaḥ। nigrahyaḥ te sa bāhubhyām śaśvat dharmam avekṣataḥ॥12-59-111॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from dharma; प्रविचलेत् (pravicalet) - would deviate; लोके (loke) - in the world; कश्चन (kaś cana) - any; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human; निग्राह्यः (nigrahyaḥ) - to be restrained; ते (te) - by you; सः (saḥ) - he; बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - by the arms; शश्वत् (śaśvat) - always; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; अवेक्षतः (avekṣataḥ) - observing;]

(Whoever in the world, any human, would deviate from dharma, he is to be restrained by you with the arms, always observing dharma.)

Any human in the world who deviates from dharma should be restrained by you with your arms, always keeping dharma in view.

प्रतिज्ञां चाधिरोहस्व मनसा कर्मणा गिरा। पालयिष्याम्यहं भौमं ब्रह्म इत्येव चासकृत् ॥१२-५९-११२॥

pratijñāṃ cādhirohasva manasā karmaṇā girā। pālayiṣyāmyahaṃ bhaumaṃ brahma ityeva cāsakṛt ॥12-59-112॥

[प्रतिज्ञां (pratijñām) - vow; च (ca) - and; अधिरोहस्व (adhirohasva) - ascend; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; गिरा (girā) - by speech; पालयिष्यामि (pālayiṣyāmi) - I shall protect; अहम् (aham) - I; भौमं (bhaumaṃ) - earthly; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly;]

(Vow and ascend by mind, by action, by speech. I shall protect the earthly Brahman thus indeed and repeatedly.)

Take the vow and embrace it with mind, action, and speech. I will continually protect the earthly Brahman in this way.

यश्चात्र धर्मनीत्युक्तो दण्डनीतिव्यपाश्रयः। तमशङ्कः करिष्यामि स्ववशो न कदाचन ॥१२-५९-११३॥

yaś cātra dharmanīty ukto daṇḍanītivyapāśrayaḥ। tam aśaṅkaḥ kariṣyāmi svavaśo na kadācana॥12-59-113॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; धर्मनीतिः (dharmanītiḥ) - righteous conduct; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - declared; दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of punishment; व्यपाश्रयः (vyapāśrayaḥ) - having recourse; तम् (tam) - him; अशङ्कः (aśaṅkaḥ) - without doubt; करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi) - I will do; स्ववशः (svavaśaḥ) - at my own will; न (na) - not; कदाचन (kadācana) - ever;]

(Whoever here is declared to be righteous in conduct and has recourse to the science of punishment, him, without doubt, I will never act upon at my own will.)

Whoever here is declared to be righteous and follows the science of punishment, I will never, of my own will, act against him without doubt.

अदण्ड्या मे द्विजाश्चेति प्रतिजानीष्व चाभिभो। लोकं च सङ्करात्कृत्स्नात्त्रातास्मीति परन्तप ॥१२-५९-११४॥

adaṇḍyā me dvijāśceti pratijānīṣva cābhibho। lokaṃ ca saṅkarātkṛtsnātt rātāsmīti parantapa ॥12-59-114॥

[अदण्ड्याः (adaṇḍyāḥ) - not to be punished; मे (me) - by me; द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; प्रतिजानीष्व (pratijānīṣva) - promise; च (ca) - and; अभिभो (abhibho) - O mighty one; लोकम् (lokam) - the world; च (ca) - and; सङ्करात् (saṅkarāt) - from mixture (of castes); कृत्स्नात् (kṛtsnāt) - entirely; त्रातास्मि (trātāsmi) - I am the protector; इति (iti) - thus; परन्तप (parantapa) - O scorcher of foes;]

(Not to be punished by me, the twice-born, thus—promise, and O mighty one; the world also from mixture entirely, I am the protector, thus, O scorcher of foes.)

O mighty one, promise that the twice-born shall not be punished by me; and, O scorcher of foes, I am the protector of the entire world from all mixture (of castes).

वैन्यस्ततस्तानुवाच देवानृषिपुरोगमान्। ब्राह्मणा मे सहायाश्चेदेवमस्तु सुरर्षभाः ॥१२-५९-११५॥

vainyas tatas tān uvāca devān ṛṣipurogamān। brāhmaṇā me sahāyāś ced evam astu surarṣabhāḥ ॥12-59-115॥

[वैन्यः (vainyaḥ) - the son of Vena; ततः (tataḥ) - then; तान् (tān) - to them; उवाच (uvāca) - said; देवान् (devān) - to the gods; ऋषिपुरोगमान् (ṛṣipurogamān) - headed by the sages; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the Brāhmaṇas; मे (me) - my; सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) - helpers; च (ca) - and; इदं (idaṃ) - this; एवम् (evam) - thus; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; सुरर्षभाः (surarṣabhāḥ) - O best among the gods;]

(The son of Vena then said to them, to the gods headed by the sages: 'The Brāhmaṇas are my helpers, and if this is so, let it be so, O best among the gods.')

Vainya then addressed the gods, led by the sages: 'If the Brāhmaṇas are to be my helpers, so be it, O best of the gods.'

एवमस्त्विति वैन्यस्तु तैरुक्तो ब्रह्मवादिभिः। पुरोधाश्चाभवत्तस्य शुक्रो ब्रह्ममयो निधिः ॥१२-५९-११६॥

evam astv iti vainyas tu tair ukto brahmavādibhiḥ. purodhāś cābhavat tasya śukro brahmamayo nidhiḥ ॥12-59-116॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; इति (iti) - so; वैन्यः (vainyaḥ) - the son of Vena; तु (tu) - but; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; ब्रह्मवादिभिः (brahmavādibhiḥ) - by the speakers of Brahman; पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - priest; च (ca) - and; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; तस्य (tasya) - his; शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Śukra; ब्रह्ममयः (brahmamayaḥ) - consisting of Brahman; निधिः (nidhiḥ) - treasure;]

(Thus, let it be so—Vainya, but, by them, addressed by the speakers of Brahman. The priest also became his; Śukra, consisting of Brahman, (was) the treasure.)

Thus, when the speakers of Brahman addressed him, Vainya agreed, saying, "Let it be so." Then Śukra, who was full of Brahman, became his priest and spiritual treasure.

मन्त्रिणो वालखिल्यास्तु सारस्वत्यो गणो ह्यभूत्। महर्षिर्भगवान्गर्गस्तस्य सांवत्सरोऽभवत् ॥१२-५९-११७॥

mantriṇo vālakhiḷyās tu sārasvatyo gaṇo hy abhūt। maharṣir bhagavān gargas tasya sāṃvatsaro 'bhavat॥12-59-117॥

[मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - ministers; वालखिल्याः (vālakhiḷyāḥ) - Vālakhiḷya sages; तु (tu) - but; सारस्वत्यः (sārasvatyaḥ) - of Sarasvatī; गणः (gaṇaḥ) - group; हि (hi) - indeed; अभूत् (abhūt) - became; महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage; भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable; गर्गः (gargaḥ) - Garga; तस्य (tasya) - his; सांवत्सरः (sāṃvatsaraḥ) - Sāṃvatsara; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]

(The ministers were the Vālakhiḷya sages, but the group was indeed of Sarasvatī. The great sage, the venerable Garga, became his Sāṃvatsara.)

The ministers were the Vālakhiḷya sages, and the group belonged to Sarasvatī. The great sage, the venerable Garga, became his Sāṃvatsara.

आत्मनाष्टम इत्येव श्रुतिरेषा परा नृषु। उत्पन्नौ बन्दिनौ चास्य तत्पूर्वौ सूतमागधौ ॥१२-५९-११८॥

ātmanāṣṭama ityeva śrutireṣā parā nṛṣu। utpannau bandinau cāsya tatpūrvau sūtamāgadhau ॥12-59-118॥

[आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself; by the self; अष्टम (aṣṭama) - eighth; इति (iti) - thus; so; एव (eva) - indeed; only; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - tradition; Vedic statement; एषा (eṣā) - this; she; परा (parā) - supreme; highest; नृषु (nṛṣu) - among men; उत्पन्नौ (utpannau) - arisen; born; बन्दिनौ (bandinau) - bards; panegyrists; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - of him; his; तत् (tat) - that; पूर्वौ (pūrvau) - former; previous; सूतमागधौ (sūtamāgadhau) - the Sūta and Māgadha (bards);]

(By oneself, eighth, thus indeed, this tradition, supreme among men. The bards, the Sūta and Māgadha, who were formerly his, have arisen.)

The tradition that the eighth is by oneself is supreme among men. The bards, the Sūta and Māgadha, who were formerly his, have now arisen.

समतां वसुधायाश्च स सम्यगुपपादयत्। वैषम्यं हि परं भूमेरासीदिति ह नः श्रुतम् ॥१२-५९-११९॥

samatāṃ vasudhāyāś ca sa samyag upapādayat। vaiṣamyaṃ hi paraṃ bhūmer āsīd iti ha naḥ śrutam ॥12-59-119॥

[समताम् (samatām) - equality; वसुधायाः (vasudhāyāḥ) - of the earth; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; उपपादयत् (upapādayat) - caused to arise; वैषम्यम् (vaiṣamyam) - inequality; हि (hi) - indeed; परम् (param) - extreme; भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of the earth; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; इति (iti) - thus; ह (ha) - surely; नः (naḥ) - to us; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard;]

(He properly caused equality of the earth; for indeed, extreme inequality of the earth was, thus surely it has been heard by us.)

He established equality on the earth; for we have heard that previously there was great inequality on the earth.

स विष्णुना च देवेन शक्रेण विबुधैः सह। ऋषिभिश्च प्रजापाल्ये ब्रह्मणा चाभिषेचितः ॥१२-५९-१२०॥

sa viṣṇunā ca devena śakreṇa vibudhaiḥ saha। ṛṣibhiś ca prajāpālye brahmaṇā cābhiṣecitaḥ ॥12-59-120॥

[स (sa) - he; विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu; च (ca) - and; देवेन (devena) - by the god; शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Śakra; विबुधैः (vibudhaiḥ) - by the wise (gods); सह (saha) - together with; ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the sages; च (ca) - and; प्रजापाल्ये (prajāpālye) - in the protection of beings; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā; च (ca) - and; अभिषेचितः (abhiṣecitaḥ) - anointed;]

(He, by Viṣṇu and by the god, by Śakra, by the wise (gods) together with the sages, and in the protection of beings, by Brahmā also, was anointed.)

He was anointed by Viṣṇu, the god Śakra, the wise gods, together with the sages, and by Brahmā for the protection of beings.

तं साक्षात्पृथिवी भेजे रत्नान्यादाय पाण्डव। सागरः सरितां भर्ता हिमवांश्चाचलोत्तमः ॥१२-५९-१२१॥

taṃ sākṣātpṛthivī bheje ratnānyādāya pāṇḍava। sāgaraḥ saritāṃ bhartā himavāṃścācalottamaḥ ॥12-59-121॥

[तं (taṃ) - him; साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; भेजे (bheje) - sent; रत्नानि (ratnāni) - gems; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - the ocean; सरितां (saritām) - of rivers; भर्ता (bhartā) - the supporter; हिमवान् (himavān) - Himavat; च (ca) - and; अचल-उत्तमः (acala-uttamaḥ) - the best of mountains;]

(Him, directly, the earth sent, gems having taken, O Pāṇḍava. The ocean, the supporter of rivers, and Himavat, the best of mountains.)

O Pāṇḍava, the earth herself directly sent him gems. The ocean, the supporter of rivers, and Himavat, the best of mountains, also (did so).

शक्रश्च धनमक्षय्यं प्रादात्तस्य युधिष्ठिर। रुक्मं चापि महामेरुः स्वयं कनकपर्वतः ॥१२-५९-१२२॥

śakraś ca dhanam akṣayyaṃ prādāt tasya yudhiṣṭhira। rukmaṃ cāpi mahāmeruḥ svayaṃ kanakaparvataḥ ॥12-59-122॥

[शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra; च (ca) - and; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - inexhaustible; प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave; तस्य (tasya) - to him; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; रुक्मम् (rukmam) - gold; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; महामेरुः (mahāmeruḥ) - great Meru; स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; कनकपर्वतः (kanakaparvataḥ) - golden mountain;]

(Indra and inexhaustible wealth gave to him, Yudhishthira. Gold also the great Meru himself (gave), the golden mountain.)

Indra gave inexhaustible wealth to Yudhishthira. The great Meru, the golden mountain, himself also gave gold.

यक्षराक्षसभर्ता च भगवान्नरवाहनः। धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च समर्थं प्रददौ धनम् ॥१२-५९-१२३॥

yakṣa-rākṣasa-bhartā ca bhagavān naravāhanaḥ। dharme cārthe ca kāme ca samarthaṃ pradadau dhanam ॥12-59-123॥

[यक्ष (yakṣa) - yakṣa; a class of nature-spirits; राक्षस (rākṣasa) - rākṣasa; demon; भर्ता (bhartā) - lord; supporter; च (ca) - and; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; the blessed one; नरवाहनः (naravāhanaḥ) - Naravāhana; name of a person; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; in righteousness; च (ca) - and; अर्थे (arthe) - in artha; in wealth; च (ca) - and; कामे (kāme) - in kāma; in desire; च (ca) - and; समर्थम् (samartham) - capable; competent; प्रददौ (pradadau) - gave; bestowed; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; १२-५९-१२३ (12-59-123) - 12-59-123;]

(yakṣa, rākṣasa, lord and the venerable Naravāhana; in dharma, and in artha, and in kāma, and capable, gave wealth. 12-59-123.)

The venerable Naravāhana, lord of yakṣas and rākṣasas, gave wealth to those capable in dharma, artha, and kāma. 12-59-123.

हया रथाश्च नागाश्च कोटिशः पुरुषास्तथा। प्रादुर्बभूवुर्वैन्यस्य चिन्तनादेव पाण्डव ॥ न जरा न च दुर्भिक्षं नाधयो व्याधयस्तथा ॥१२-५९-१२४॥

hayā rathāś ca nāgāś ca koṭiśaḥ puruṣās tathā। prādurbabhūvur vainyasya cintanād eva pāṇḍava ॥ na jarā na ca durbhikṣaṃ nādhayo vyādhayas tathā ॥12-59-124॥

[हया (hayāḥ) - horses; रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots; च (ca) - and; नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants; च (ca) - and; कोटिशः (koṭiśaḥ) - in crores; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; तथा (tathā) - likewise; प्रादुर्बभूवुः (prādurbabhūvuḥ) - manifested; वैन्यस्य (vainyasya) - of Vainya; चिन्तनात् (cintanāt) - from the thought; एव (eva) - indeed; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; न (na) - not; जरा (jarā) - old age; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; दुर्भिक्षम् (durbhikṣam) - famine; न (na) - not; आधयः (ādhayaḥ) - afflictions; व्याधयः (vyādhayaḥ) - diseases; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]

(Horses, chariots, and elephants, in crores, men likewise, manifested from the thought of Vainya indeed, O Pāṇḍava. Not old age, not famine, nor afflictions, nor diseases likewise.)

O Pāṇḍava, from the mere thought of Vainya, horses, chariots, elephants, and countless men appeared. There was neither old age, nor famine, nor any afflictions or diseases.

सरीसृपेभ्यः स्तेनेभ्यो न चान्योन्यात्कदाचन। भयमुत्पद्यते तत्र तस्य राज्ञोऽभिरक्षणात् ॥१२-५९-१२५॥

sarīsṛpebhyaḥ stenebhyo na cānyonyātkadācana। bhayam utpadyate tatra tasya rājño'bhirakṣaṇāt ॥12-59-125॥

[सरीसृपेभ्यः (sarīsṛpebhyaḥ) - from reptiles; स्तेनेभ्यः (stenebhyaḥ) - from thieves; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अन्योन्यात् (anyonyāt) - from each other; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - arises; तत्र (tatra) - there; तस्य (tasya) - of him; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; अभिरक्षणात् (abhirakṣaṇāt) - from protection;]

(From reptiles, from thieves, not and from each other at any time, fear arises there from his, the king's, protection.)

There, due to the king's protection, there is never any fear from reptiles, thieves, or from one another.

तेनेयं पृथिवी दुग्धा सस्यानि दश सप्त च। यक्षराक्षसनागैश्चापीप्सितं यस्य यस्य यत् ॥१२-५९-१२६॥

teneyaṃ pṛthivī dugdhā sasyāni daśa sapta ca। yakṣarākṣasanāgaiścāpīpsitaṃ yasya yasya yat ॥12-59-126॥

[तेन (tena) - by him; इयम् (iyam) - this; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; दुग्धा (dugdhā) - milked; सस्यानि (sasyāni) - crops; दश (daśa) - ten; सप्त (sapta) - seven; च (ca) - and; यक्षराक्षसनागैः (yakṣa-rākṣasa-nāgaiḥ) - by Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, and Nāgas; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; इप्सितं (ipsitaṃ) - desired; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; यत् (yat) - what;]

(By him, this earth was milked; the crops, ten and seven, and by Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, and Nāgas also, whatever was desired by each.)

By him, this earth was milked; ten and seven kinds of crops, and whatever was desired by each, by Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, and Nāgas as well.

तेन धर्मोत्तरश्चायं कृतो लोको महात्मना। रञ्जिताश्च प्रजाः सर्वास्तेन राजेति शब्द्यते ॥१२-५९-१२७॥

tena dharmottaraś cāyaṃ kṛto loko mahātmanā। rañjitāś ca prajāḥ sarvās tena rājeti śabdyate ॥12-59-127॥

[तेन (tena) - by him; धर्मोत्तरः (dharmottaraḥ) - exceeding in dharma; च (ca) - and; अयम् (ayam) - this; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one; रञ्जिताः (rañjitāḥ) - delighted; च (ca) - and; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; तेन (tena) - by him; राजा (rājā) - king; इति (iti) - thus; शब्द्यते (śabdyate) - is called; ॥१२-५९-१२७॥ (॥12-59-127॥) - ;]

(By him, this world exceeding in dharma was made by the great-souled one; and all the subjects were delighted by him; thus, he is called 'king'.)

By him, this world, surpassing in righteousness, was established by the great-souled one; and all the subjects were delighted by him; therefore, he is called 'king'. (12-59-127)

ब्राह्मणानां क्षतत्राणात्ततः क्षत्रिय उच्यते। प्रथिता धनतश्चेयं पृथिवी साधुभिः स्मृता ॥१२-५९-१२८॥

brāhmaṇānāṃ kṣatatrāṇāttataḥ kṣatriya ucyate। prathitā dhanataśceyaṃ pṛthivī sādhubhiḥ smṛtā ॥12-59-128॥

[ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; क्षत (kṣata) - harm; त्राणात् (trāṇāt) - from protection; ततः (tataḥ) - therefore; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - Kṣatriya; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; प्रथिता (prathitā) - renowned; धनतः (dhanataḥ) - for wealth; च (ca) - and; इयम् (iyam) - this; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - by the virtuous; स्मृता (smṛtā) - is remembered;]

(Therefore, one who protects from harm to the Brāhmaṇas is called a Kṣatriya. This earth is renowned and remembered by the virtuous for wealth.)

A Kṣatriya is so called because he protects the Brāhmaṇas from harm. This earth is renowned among the virtuous as a source of wealth.

स्थापनं चाकरोद्विष्णुः स्वयमेव सनातनः। नातिवर्तिष्यते कश्चिद्राजंस्त्वामिति पार्थिव ॥१२-५९-१२९॥

sthāpanaṃ cākarod viṣṇuḥ svayam eva sanātanaḥ। nātivartiṣyate kaścid rājaṃs tvām iti pārthiva ॥12-59-129॥

[स्थापनम् (sthāpanam) - establishment; च (ca) - and; अकरोत् (akarot) - did; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; एव (eva) - indeed; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; न (na) - not; अतिवर्तिष्यते (ativartiṣyate) - will surpass; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; राजन् (rājan) - O king; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; इति (iti) - thus; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O ruler;]

(The eternal Viṣṇu himself indeed performed the establishment, and, O king, thus no one will surpass you, O ruler.)

The eternal Viṣṇu himself established (this), and, O king, thus no one will surpass you, O ruler.

तपसा भगवान्विष्णुराविवेश च भूमिपम्। देववन्नरदेवानां नमते यज्जगन्नृप ॥१२-५९-१३०॥

tapasā bhagavān viṣṇur āviveśa ca bhūmipam। devavat naradevānāṃ namate yat jagan nṛpa ॥12-59-130॥

[तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; आविवेश (āviveśa) - entered; च (ca) - and; भूमिपम् (bhūmipam) - the king (of the earth); देववत् (devavat) - like a god; नरदेवानाम् (naradevānām) - of the kings (human gods); नमते (namate) - bows; यत् (yat) - which; जगत् (jagat) - the world; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]

(By austerity, the Lord Viṣṇu entered the king; and like a god, to the kings, bows which the world, O king.)

O king, by austerity, the Lord Viṣṇu entered the king; and just as the world bows to the kings like gods, so too did this occur.

दण्डनीत्या च सततं रक्षितं तं नरेश्वर। नाधर्षयत्ततः कश्चिच्चारनित्याच्च दर्शनात् ॥१२-५९-१३१॥

daṇḍanītyā ca satataṃ rakṣitaṃ taṃ nareśvara। nādharṣayattataḥ kaściccāranityācca darśanāt ॥12-59-131॥

[दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the policy of punishment; by the science of governance; च (ca) - and; सततं (satatam) - always; continually; रक्षितं (rakṣitam) - protected; तं (tam) - him; that one; नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king; lord of men; न (na) - not; अधर्षयत् (adharṣayat) - oppressed; attacked; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; from that; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; चारनित्याच् (cāranityāc) - because of constant spies; due to perpetual surveillance; च (ca) - and; दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from being seen; from observation;]

(By the policy of punishment and always, that one was protected, O king; not did anyone oppress (him) thereafter, and because of constant spies, from observation.)

O king, by the policy of punishment and continual vigilance, he was always protected; thereafter, no one dared to attack him, due to the perpetual surveillance and observation by spies.

आत्मना करणैश्चैव समस्येह महीक्षितः। को हेतुर्यद्वशे तिष्ठेल्लोको दैवादृते गुणात् ॥१२-५९-१३२॥

ātmanā karaṇaiścaiva samasyeha mahīkṣitaḥ। ko heturyadvaśe tiṣṭhelloko daivādṛte guṇāt ॥12-59-132॥

[आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself; करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - by the senses; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; समस्य (samasya) - in this world; इह (iha) - here; महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - O king; को (ko) - what; हेतु (hetu) - cause; यत् (yat) - which; वशे (vaśe) - under the control; तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - remains; लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world; दैवात् (daivāt) - apart from fate; ऋते (ṛte) - except; गुणात् (guṇāt) - from qualities;]

(By oneself and by the senses indeed, here in this world, O king, what cause is there by which the world would remain under control, except by fate or from qualities?)

O king, in this world, by oneself and by the senses, what cause is there by which the world could remain under control, except by fate or by inherent qualities?

विष्णोर्ललाटात्कमलं सौवर्णमभवत्तदा। श्रीः सम्भूता यतो देवी पत्नी धर्मस्य धीमतः ॥१२-५९-१३३॥

viṣṇor-lalāṭāt kamalaṃ sauvarṇam abhavat tadā। śrīḥ sambhūtā yato devī patnī dharmasya dhīmataḥ॥12-59-133॥

[विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Viṣṇu; ललाटात् (lalāṭāt) - from the forehead; कमलं (kamalaṃ) - lotus; सौवर्णम् (sauvarṇam) - golden; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; तदा (tadā) - then; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - Śrī (goddess of fortune); सम्भूता (sambhūtā) - arose; यतः (yataḥ) - from which; देवी (devī) - goddess; पत्नी (patnī) - wife; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Dharma; धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise one;]

(From the forehead of Viṣṇu, a golden lotus then became; from which Śrī, the goddess, arose, the wife of Dharma, the wise one.)

A golden lotus sprang from Viṣṇu's forehead; from it arose Śrī, the goddess, who became the wise Dharma's wife.

श्रियः सकाशादर्थश्च जातो धर्मेण पाण्डव। अथ धर्मस्तथैवार्थः श्रीश्च राज्ये प्रतिष्ठिता ॥१२-५९-१३४॥

śriyaḥ sakāśād arthaś ca jāto dharmeṇa pāṇḍava। atha dharmas tathaivārthaḥ śrīś ca rājye pratiṣṭhitā ॥12-59-134॥

[श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of fortune; सकाशात् (sakāśāt) - from the presence; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; च (ca) - and; जातः (jātaḥ) - arisen; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; अथ (atha) - then; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - fortune; च (ca) - and; राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom; प्रतिष्ठिता (pratiṣṭhitā) - established;]

(O Pāṇḍava, wealth also arises from fortune, by righteousness. Then, righteousness, likewise wealth, and fortune are established in the kingdom.)

O Pāṇḍava, wealth is born from fortune through righteousness. Then, in the kingdom, righteousness, wealth, and fortune are all established.

सुकृतस्य क्षयाच्चैव स्वर्लोकादेत्य मेदिनीम्। पार्थिवो जायते तात दण्डनीतिवशानुगः ॥१२-५९-१३५॥

sukṛtasya kṣayāccaiva svarlokād etya medinīm। pārthivo jāyate tāta daṇḍanīti-vaśānugaḥ ॥12-59-135॥

[सुकृतस्य (sukṛtasya) - of good deeds; क्षयात् (kṣayāt) - from the loss; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; स्वर्लोकात् (svarlokāt) - from heaven; एत्य (etya) - having come; मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - a king; जायते (jāyate) - is born; तात (tāta) - O dear one; दण्डनीतिवशानुगः (daṇḍanīti-vaśānugaḥ) - subject to the rule of law;]

(O dear one, when the merit is exhausted and having come from heaven, a king is born on earth, subject to the rule of law.)

O dear one, when the merit of good deeds is exhausted and one returns from heaven, he is born as a king on earth, subject to the rule of law.

महत्त्वेन च संयुक्तो वैष्णवेन नरो भुवि। बुद्ध्या भवति संयुक्तो माहात्म्यं चाधिगच्छति ॥१२-५९-१३६॥

mahatvena ca saṁyukto vaiṣṇavena naro bhuvi। buddhyā bhavati saṁyukto māhātmyaṁ cādhigacchati ॥12-59-136॥

[महत्त्वेन (mahatvena) - by greatness; by importance; च (ca) - and; संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined; united; वैष्णवेन (vaiṣṇavena) - with a Vaiṣṇava; by a devotee of Viṣṇu; नरः (naraḥ) - man; person; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by wisdom; by intellect; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined; united; माहात्म्यम् (māhātmyam) - greatness; glory; च (ca) - and; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains; reaches;]

(By greatness and joined with a Vaiṣṇava, a man on earth, by wisdom, becomes united and attains greatness and glory.)

A person who, by virtue of greatness and association with a Vaiṣṇava, is united on earth through wisdom, attains greatness and glory.

स्थापनामथ देवानां न कश्चिदतिवर्तते। तिष्ठत्येकस्य च वशे तं चेदनुविधीयते ॥१२-५९-१३७॥

sthāpanām atha devānāṃ na kaścid ativartate। tiṣṭhati ekasya ca vaśe taṃ ca edaṃ anuvidhīyate॥12-59-137॥

[स्थापनाम् (sthāpanām) - establishment; अथ (atha) - then; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; न (na) - not; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - transgresses; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains; एकस्य (ekasya) - of one; च (ca) - and; वशे (vaśe) - under the control; तं (taṃ) - him; च (ca) - and; एदन् (edan) - this; अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - is followed;]

(Then, the establishment of the gods is not transgressed by anyone; it remains under the control of one, and this is followed.)

No one transgresses the established order of the gods; it remains under the control of one, and all follow that.

शुभं हि कर्म राजेन्द्र शुभत्वायोपकल्पते। तुल्यस्यैकस्य यस्यायं लोको वचसि तिष्ठति ॥१२-५९-१३८॥

śubhaṃ hi karma rājendra śubhatvāyopakalpate। tulyasyaikasya yasyāyaṃ loko vacasi tiṣṭhati ॥12-59-138॥

[शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; हि (hi) - indeed; कर्म (karma) - action; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; शुभत्वाय (śubhatvāya) - for auspiciousness; उपकल्पते (upakalpate) - is conducive; तुल्यस्य (tulyasya) - of the equal; एकस्य (ekasya) - of the one; यस्स्य (yasya) - of whom; अयम् (ayam) - this; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; वचसि (vacasi) - in speech; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - abides;]

(Auspicious indeed action, O king, for auspiciousness is conducive. Of the equal, of the one, of whom this world in speech abides.)

O King, an auspicious action indeed leads to auspiciousness. The world abides by the word of one who is impartial.

यो ह्यस्य मुखमद्राक्षीत्सोम्य सोऽस्य वशानुगः। सुभगं चार्थवन्तं च रूपवन्तं च पश्यति ॥१२-५९-१३९॥

yo hy asya mukham adrākṣīt somya so'sya vaśānugaḥ। subhagaṃ cārthavantaṃ ca rūpavantaṃ ca paśyati ॥12-59-139॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - his; मुखम् (mukham) - face; अद्राक्षीत् (adrākṣīt) - saw; सोम्य (somya) - gentle one; सः (saḥ) - he; अस्य (asya) - his; वशानुगः (vaśānugaḥ) - submissive; सुभगम् (subhagam) - fortunate; च (ca) - and; अर्थवन्तम् (arthavantam) - wealthy; च (ca) - and; रूपवन्तम् (rūpavantam) - handsome; च (ca) - and; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees;]

(Who indeed saw his face, O gentle one, he becomes submissive to him; he sees (him) as fortunate, wealthy, and handsome.)

O gentle one, whoever has seen his face becomes obedient to him and sees him as fortunate, wealthy, and handsome.

ततो जगति राजेन्द्र सततं शब्दितं बुधैः। देवाश्च नरदेवाश्च तुल्या इति विशां पते ॥१२-५९-१४०॥

tato jagati rājendra satataṃ śabditaṃ budhaiḥ। devāś ca naradevāś ca tulyā iti viśāṃ pate ॥12-59-140॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; जगति (jagati) - in the world; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings; सततम् (satatam) - constantly; शब्दितम् (śabditam) - spoken; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; च (ca) - and; नरदेवाः (naradevāḥ) - the kings; च (ca) - and; तुल्याः (tulyāḥ) - equal; इति (iti) - thus; विशाम् (viśām) - of the people; पते (pate) - O lord;]

(Then in the world, O king of kings, it was constantly spoken by the wise: 'The gods and the kings are equal,' thus, O lord of the people.)

Then, O king of kings, the wise constantly declared in the world: 'The gods and the kings are equal,' O lord of the people.

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं महत्त्वं प्रति राजसु। कार्त्स्न्येन भरतश्रेष्ठ किमन्यदिह वर्तताम् ॥१२-५९-१४१॥

etat te sarvam ākhyātam mahattvaṃ prati rājasu। kārtsnyena bharataśreṣṭha kim anyad iha vartatām ॥12-59-141॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; महत्त्वं (mahattvam) - greatness; प्रति (prati) - concerning; राजसु (rājasu) - among kings; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in entirety; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; किम् (kim) - what; अन्यत् (anyat) - else; इह (iha) - here; वर्तताम् (vartatām) - remains;]

(This to you all has been told, greatness concerning among kings, in entirety, O best of the Bharatas, what else here remains?)

O best of the Bharatas, all this concerning the greatness among kings has been told to you in its entirety; what else remains here?