12.091
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
यानङ्गिराः क्षत्रधर्मानुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः। मान्धात्रे यौवनाश्वाय प्रीतिमानभ्यभाषत ॥१२-९१-१॥
yānaṅgirāḥ kṣatradharmānutatthyo brahmavittamaḥ। māndhātre yauvanāśvāya prītimānabhyabhāṣata ॥12-91-1॥
[यानङ्गिराः (yānaṅgirāḥ) - the sage Angiras; क्षत्रधर्मानुतथ्यः (kṣatradharmānutatthyaḥ) - Anutathya, follower of the kṣatriya duty; ब्रह्मवित्तमः (brahmavittamaḥ) - the foremost knower of Brahman; मान्धात्रे (māndhātre) - to Māndhātṛ; यौवनाश्वाय (yauvanāśvāya) - to Yauvanāśva; प्रीतिमान् (prītimān) - affectionate; अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed;]
(The sage Angiras, Anutathya, follower of the kṣatriya duty, the foremost knower of Brahman, affectionately addressed Māndhātṛ and Yauvanāśva.)
The sage Angiras, Anutathya, the foremost knower of Brahman and follower of the kṣatriya duty, affectionately spoke to Māndhātṛ and Yauvanāśva.
स यथानुशशासैनमुतथ्यो ब्रह्मवित्तमः। तत्ते सर्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-९१-२॥
sa yathānuśaśāsa enam utathyo brahmavittamaḥ। tat te sarvaṃ pravakṣyāmi nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-91-2॥
[स (sa) - he; यथा (yathā) - as; अनुशशास (anuśaśāsa) - instructed; एनम् (enam) - him; उतथ्यः (utathyaḥ) - Utathya (proper name); ब्रह्मवित्तमः (brahmavittamaḥ) - the foremost knower of Brahman; तत् (tat) - that; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall explain; निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name);]
(He, as instructed him, Utathya, the foremost knower of Brahman. That, to you, all, I shall explain completely, Yudhiṣṭhira.)
Utathya, the foremost knower of Brahman, instructed him as follows. Now, O Yudhiṣṭhira, I shall explain all of that to you in full.
उतथ्य उवाच॥
utathya uvāca॥
[उतथ्य (utathya) - Utathya; (proper noun, name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak, 3rd person singular, perfect tense);]
(Utathya said;)
Utathya said.
धर्माय राजा भवति न कामकरणाय तु। मान्धातरेवं जानीहि राजा लोकस्य रक्षिता ॥१२-९१-३॥
dharmāya rājā bhavati na kāmakaraṇāya tu। māndhātarevaṃ jānīhi rājā lokasya rakṣitā ॥12-91-3॥
[धर्माय (dharmāya) - for dharma; राजा (rājā) - king; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; न (na) - not; कामकरणाय (kāmakaraṇāya) - for the doing of desire; तु (tu) - but; मान्धातर् (māndhātar) - O Māndhātṛ; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; जानीहि (jānīhi) - know; राजा (rājā) - king; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people; रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protector;]
(The king becomes for dharma, not for the doing of desire, but. O Māndhātṛ, thus know: the king is the protector of the people.)
A king exists for the sake of dharma, not for fulfilling personal desires. Know this, O Māndhātṛ: the king is the protector of the people.
राजा चरति वै धर्मं देवत्वायैव गच्छति। न चेद्धर्मं स चरति नरकायैव गच्छति ॥१२-९१-४॥
rājā carati vai dharmaṃ devatvāyaiva gacchati। na ceddharmaṃ sa carati narakāyaiva gacchati ॥12-91-4॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; चरति (carati) - acts; moves; वै (vai) - indeed; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; duty; देवत्वाय (devatvāya) - for divinity; एव (eva) - only; indeed; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; न (na) - not; चेत् (cet) - if; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; duty; स (sa) - he; चरति (carati) - acts; moves; नरकाय (narakāya) - for hell; एव (eva) - only; indeed; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes;]
(The king acts indeed in righteousness, he goes only for divinity. If he does not act in righteousness, he goes only for hell.)
If a king acts according to righteousness, he attains divinity; but if he does not act righteously, he goes to hell.
धर्मे तिष्ठन्ति भूतानि धर्मो राजनि तिष्ठति। तं राजा साधु यः शास्ति स राजा पृथिवीपतिः ॥१२-९१-५॥
dharme tiṣṭhanti bhūtāni dharmo rājani tiṣṭhati। taṃ rājā sādhu yaḥ śāsti sa rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ ॥12-91-5॥
[धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - stand; exist; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; राजनि (rājani) - in the king; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands; exists; तं (taṃ) - him; राजा (rājā) - king; साधु (sādhu) - well; properly; यः (yaḥ) - who; शास्ति (śāsti) - rules; governs; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth;]
(In dharma stand beings; dharma stands in the king. Him, the king who properly rules, he is the king, the lord of the earth.)
All beings are established in dharma; dharma is established in the king. The king who rules properly is truly the king, the lord of the earth.
राजा परमधर्मात्मा लक्ष्मीवान्पाप उच्यते। देवाश्च गर्हां गच्छन्ति धर्मो नास्तीति चोच्यते ॥१२-९१-६॥
rājā paramadharmātmā lakṣmīvānpāpa ucyate। devāśca garhāṃ gacchanti dharmo nāstīti cocyate ॥12-91-6॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; परमधर्मात्मा (paramadharmātmā) - of supreme righteous soul; लक्ष्मीवान् (lakṣmīvān) - possessed of fortune; पाप (pāpa) - sin; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; च (ca) - and; गर्हाम् (garhām) - reproach; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go to; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - exists; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
(The king of supreme righteous soul, possessed of fortune, is called sin. The gods also go to reproach, and it is said that righteousness does not exist.)
Even a king of supreme righteousness and fortune is called sinful; the gods are reproached, and it is said that righteousness does not exist.
अधर्मे वर्तमानानामर्थसिद्धिः प्रदृश्यते। तदेव मङ्गलं सर्वं लोकः समनुवर्तते ॥१२-९१-७॥
adharme vartamānānām arthasiddhiḥ pradṛśyate। tadeva maṅgalaṃ sarvaṃ lokaḥ samanuvartate ॥12-91-7॥
[अधर्मे (adharme) - in unrighteousness; वर्तमानानाम् (vartamānānām) - of those abiding; अर्थसिद्धिः (arthasiddhiḥ) - attainment of objectives; प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is seen; तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; मङ्गलम् (maṅgalam) - auspiciousness; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; लोकः (lokaḥ) - people; समनुवर्तते (samanuvartate) - follows;]
(In unrighteousness, attainment of objectives is seen. That indeed is auspiciousness; all people follow (it).)
When those who act unrighteously succeed, that alone is considered auspicious, and all people follow it.
उच्छिद्यते धर्मवृत्तमधर्मो वर्तते महान्। भयमाहुर्दिवारात्रं यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥१२-९१-८॥
ucchidyate dharmavṛttamadharmo vartate mahān। bhayam āhur divārātraṃ yadā pāpo na vāryate ॥12-91-8॥
[उच्छिद्यते (ucchidyate) - is destroyed; धर्मवृत्तम् (dharmavṛttam) - the course of righteousness; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; वर्तते (vartate) - prevails; महान् (mahān) - great; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; दिवा (divā) - by day; रात्रम् (rātram) - by night; यदा (yadā) - when; पापः (pāpaḥ) - sin; न (na) - not; वार्यते (vāryate) - is restrained;]
(Is destroyed the course of righteousness, unrighteousness prevails greatly; fear, they say, by day and by night, when sin is not restrained.)
When the course of righteousness is destroyed and great unrighteousness prevails, people say there is fear day and night, when sin is not restrained.
न वेदाननुवर्तन्ति व्रतवन्तो द्विजातयः। न यज्ञांस्तन्वते विप्रा यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥१२-९१-९॥
na vedān anuvartanti vratavanto dvijātayaḥ। na yajñāṃs tanvate viprā yadā pāpo na vāryate॥12-91-9॥
[न (na) - not; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; अनुवर्तन्ति (anuvartanti) - follow; व्रतवन्तः (vratavantaḥ) - those possessing vows; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born ones; न (na) - not; यज्ञान् (yajñān) - sacrifices; तन्वते (tanvate) - perform; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; यदा (yadā) - when; पापः (pāpaḥ) - sin; न (na) - not; वार्यते (vāryate) - is restrained;]
(Not the Vedas do follow those possessing vows, the twice-born ones; not sacrifices do perform the Brāhmaṇas, when sin is not restrained.)
When sin is not restrained, the twice-born who possess vows do not follow the Vedas, nor do the Brāhmaṇas perform sacrifices.
वध्यानामिव सर्वेषां मनो भवति विह्वलम्। मनुष्याणां महाराज यदा पापो न वार्यते ॥१२-९१-१०॥
vadhyānām iva sarveṣāṃ mano bhavati vihvalam। manuṣyāṇāṃ mahārāja yadā pāpo na vāryate ॥12-91-10॥
[वध्यानाम् (vadhyānām) - of those to be slain; इव (iva) - like; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; मन् (manas) - mind; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; विह्वलम् (vihvalam) - agitated; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; यदा (yadā) - when; पापः (pāpaḥ) - sin; न (na) - not; वार्यते (vāryate) - is restrained;]
(Like (the mind) of those to be slain, the mind of all becomes agitated, O great king, of men, when sin is not restrained.)
O great king, when sin is not restrained among men, the minds of all become agitated, just like those who are about to be slain.
उभौ लोकावभिप्रेक्ष्य राजानमृषयः स्वयम्। असृजन्सुमहद्भूतमयं धर्मो भविष्यति ॥१२-९१-११॥
ubhau lokāv abhiprekṣya rājānam ṛṣayaḥ svayam। asṛjan sumahad bhūtam ayaṃ dharmo bhaviṣyati ॥12-91-11॥
[उभौ (ubhau) - both; (dual) लोकौ (lokau) - worlds; (dual) अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having considered; (gerund) राजानम् (rājānam) - the king; (accusative singular) ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages; (nominative plural) स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves; (indeclinable) असृजन् (asṛjan) - created; (3rd person plural past) सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great; (adjective) भूतम् (bhūtam) - being; (noun, accusative singular) अयम् (ayam) - this; (nominative singular) धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; (nominative singular) भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; (3rd person singular future);]
(Having considered both worlds, the sages themselves created the king. This very great being, dharma, will be.)
The sages, after considering both worlds, themselves created the king. This great being, dharma, will exist.
यस्मिन्धर्मो विराजेत तं राजानं प्रचक्षते। यस्मिन्विलीयते धर्मस्तं देवा वृषलं विदुः ॥१२-९१-१२॥
yasmin dharmo virājeta taṃ rājānaṃ pracakṣate। yasmin vilīyate dharmas taṃ devā vṛṣalaṃ viduḥ ॥12-91-12॥
[यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; विराजेत (virājeta) - shines forth; तम् (tam) - him; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they call; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom; विलीयते (vilīyate) - is destroyed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; तम् (tam) - him; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; वृषलम् (vṛṣalam) - outcaste; विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]
(In whom dharma shines forth, him they call a king. In whom dharma is destroyed, him the gods know as an outcaste.)
He in whom dharma shines is called a king; he in whom dharma is destroyed, the gods know as an outcaste.
वृषो हि भगवान्धर्मो यस्तस्य कुरुते ह्यलम्। वृषलं तं विदुर्देवास्तस्माद्धर्मं न लोपयेत् ॥१२-९१-१३॥
vṛṣo hi bhagavāndharmo yas tasya kurute hy alam। vṛṣalaṃ taṃ vidur devās tasmād dharmaṃ na lopayet ॥12-91-13॥
[वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - bull; हि (hi) - indeed; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; यः (yaḥ) - who; तस्य (tasya) - his; कुरुते (kurute) - does; हि (hi) - indeed; अलम् (alam) - enough; वृषलम् (vṛṣalam) - unrighteous; तम् (tam) - him; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; न (na) - not; लोपयेत् (lopayet) - should cause to disappear;]
(Bull indeed the revered righteousness who his does indeed enough. Unrighteous him know the gods; therefore righteousness not should cause to disappear.)
The bull is indeed the revered dharma; whoever acts contrary to it is known by the gods as unrighteous. Therefore, one should not let dharma perish.
धर्मे वर्धति वर्धन्ति सर्वभूतानि सर्वदा। तस्मिन्ह्रसति हीयन्ते तस्माद्धर्मं प्रवर्धयेत् ॥१२-९१-१४॥
dharme vardhati vardhanti sarvabhūtāni sarvadā। tasmin hrasati hīyante tasmād dharmaṃ pravardhayet ॥12-91-14॥
[धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; वर्धति (vardhati) - grows; वर्धन्ति (vardhanti) - grow; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; ह्रसति (hrasati) - diminishes; हीयन्ते (hīyante) - decline; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; प्रवर्धयेत् (pravardhayet) - should cause to grow;]
(In dharma grows, grow all beings always. In that (when dharma) diminishes, (they) decline. Therefore, dharma should be caused to grow.)
When dharma flourishes, all beings always prosper; when it diminishes, they decline. Therefore, one should promote dharma.
धनात्स्रवति धर्मो हि धारणाद्वेति निश्चयः। अकार्याणां मनुष्येन्द्र स सीमान्तकरः स्मृतः ॥१२-९१-१५॥
dhanātsravati dharmo hi dhāraṇādveti niścayaḥ। akāryāṇāṃ manuṣyendra sa sīmāntakaraḥ smṛtaḥ ॥12-91-15॥
[धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth; स्रवति (sravati) - flows; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; हि (hi) - indeed; धारणात् (dhāraṇāt) - from sustaining; वेति (veti) - knows; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty; अकार्याणाम् (akāryāṇām) - of improper acts; मनुष्येन्द्र (manuṣyendra) - O king of men; सः (saḥ) - he; सीमान्तकरः (sīmāntakaraḥ) - destroyer of boundaries; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered;]
(From wealth, dharma indeed flows; from sustaining, certainty is known. Of improper acts, O king of men, he is remembered as the destroyer of boundaries.)
O king of men, it is certain that dharma flows from wealth and certainty arises from sustaining. One who engages in improper acts is remembered as a destroyer of boundaries.
प्रभवार्थं हि भूतानां धर्मः सृष्टः स्वयम्भुवा। तस्मात्प्रवर्धयेद्धर्मं प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् ॥१२-९१-१६॥
prabhavārthaṃ hi bhūtānāṃ dharmaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ svayambhuvā। tasmāt pravardhayed dharmaṃ prajānugrahakāraṇāt ॥12-91-16॥
[प्रभव (prabhava) - origin; creation; अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose; हि (hi) - indeed; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; law; सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the Self-born (Brahmā); तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; प्रवर्धयेत् (pravardhayet) - should promote; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; law; प्रजा (prajā) - creatures; beings; अनुग्रह (anugraha) - favor; grace; कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for the reason;]
(Indeed, for the purpose of the origin of beings, dharma was created by the Self-born (Brahmā). Therefore, one should promote dharma for the reason of favoring the creatures.)
Dharma was established by the Self-born (Brahmā) for the creation of beings. Therefore, one should uphold dharma for the welfare of all creatures.
तस्माद्धि राजशार्दूल धर्मः श्रेष्ठ इति स्मृतः। स राजा यः प्रजाः शास्ति साधुकृत्पुरुषर्षभः ॥१२-९१-१७॥
tasmāddhi rājaśārdūla dharmaḥ śreṣṭha iti smṛtaḥ। sa rājā yaḥ prajāḥ śāsti sādhukṛtpuruṣarṣabhaḥ ॥12-91-17॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; हि (hi) - indeed; राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O best of kings; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - is supreme; इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; शास्ति (śāsti) - rules; साधुकृत् (sādhukṛt) - who acts rightly; पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - O best among men;]
(Therefore indeed, O best of kings, dharma is supreme thus is remembered. He king who subjects rules who acts rightly, O best among men.)
Therefore, O best of kings, it is remembered that dharma is supreme. That king who rules his subjects righteously is the best among men.
कामक्रोधावनादृत्य धर्ममेवानुपालयेत्। धर्मः श्रेयस्करतमो राज्ञां भरतसत्तम ॥१२-९१-१८॥
kāmakrodhāvanādṛtya dharmamevānupālayet। dharmaḥ śreyaskaratamo rājñāṃ bharatasattama ॥12-91-18॥
[काम (kāma) - desire; क्रोध (krodha) - anger; अव-नादृत्य (ava-nādṛtya) - disregarding; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; एव (eva) - only; अनु-पालयेत् (anu-pālayet) - should observe; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; श्रेयः-कर-तमः (śreyaḥ-kara-tamaḥ) - most conducive to welfare; राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings; भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(Disregarding desire and anger, one should observe only dharma. Dharma is the most conducive to welfare for kings, O best of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, disregarding desire and anger, a king should uphold only dharma, for dharma brings the greatest good to rulers.
धर्मस्य ब्राह्मणा योनिस्तस्मात्तान्पूजयेत्सदा। ब्राह्मणानां च मान्धातः कामान्कुर्यादमत्सरी ॥१२-९१-१९॥
dharmasya brāhmaṇā yonis tasmāt tān pūjayet sadā। brāhmaṇānāṃ ca māndhātaḥ kāmān kuryād amatsarī ॥12-91-19॥
[धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; of righteousness; ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - the Brāhmaṇas; योनिः (yoniḥ) - origin; source; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; from that; तान् (tān) - them; पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should honor; should worship; सदा (sadā) - always; ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; मान्धातः (māndhātaḥ) - O Māndhāta; कामान् (kāmān) - desires; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should fulfill; अमत्सरी (amatsarī) - without envy;]
(Of dharma, the Brāhmaṇas are the origin; therefore, one should always honor them. And, O Māndhāta, one should fulfill the desires of the Brāhmaṇas without envy.)
The Brāhmaṇas are the source of righteousness; therefore, they should always be honored. O Māndhāta, one should fulfill the wishes of the Brāhmaṇas without jealousy.
तेषां ह्यकामकरणाद्राज्ञः सञ्जायते भयम्। मित्राणि च न वर्धन्ते तथामित्रीभवन्त्यपि ॥१२-९१-२०॥
teṣāṃ hy akāmakaraṇād rājñaḥ sañjāyate bhayam। mitrāṇi ca na vardhante tathā amitrī bhavanti api ॥12-91-20॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; हि (hi) - indeed; अकामकरणात् (akāmakaraṇāt) - from doing what is not desired; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - arises; भयम् (bhayam) - fear; मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increase; तथा (tathā) - thus; अमित्रि (amitri) - enemies; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; अपि (api) - even;]
(Of them, indeed, from doing what is not desired by the king, fear arises; friends also do not increase, thus even become enemies.)
Indeed, when people act against the king's wishes, fear arises among them; their friends do not grow, and thus, even friends may become enemies.
ब्राह्मणान्वै तदासूयाद्यदा वैरोचनो बलिः। अथास्माच्छ्रीरपाक्रामद्यास्मिन्नासीत्प्रतापिनी ॥१२-९१-२१॥
brāhmaṇān vai tad āsūyād yadā vairocano baliḥ। athāsmāc chrīr apākrāmad yā asmin āsīt pratāpinī ॥12-91-21॥
[ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brāhmaṇas; वै (vai) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; असूयात् (āsūyāt) - envied; यदा (yadā) - when; वैरोचनः (vairocanaḥ) - the son of Virocana; बलिः (baliḥ) - Bali; अथ (atha) - then; अस्मात् (asmāt) - from him; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; अपाक्रामत् (apākrāmat) - departed; या (yā) - who; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in him; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; प्रतापिनी (pratāpinī) - glorious;]
(Indeed, when Bali, the son of Virocana, envied the Brāhmaṇas, then from him departed the prosperity which was glorious in him.)
When Bali, the son of Virocana, envied the Brāhmaṇas, the glorious prosperity that was in him departed from him.
ततस्तस्मादपक्रम्य सागच्छत्पाकशासनम्। अथ सोऽन्वतपत्पश्चाच्छ्रियं दृष्ट्वा पुरंदरे ॥१२-९१-२२॥
tatas tasmād apakramya sa agacchat pākāśāsanam। atha saḥ anvatapat paścāt śriyam dṛṣṭvā puraṁdare ॥12-91-22॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; अपक्रम्य (apakramya) - having departed; सः (saḥ) - he; अगच्छत् (agacchat) - went; पाकशासनम् (pākāśāsanam) - to Indra; अथ (atha) - then; सः (saḥ) - he; अन्वतपत् (anvatapat) - followed; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; श्रियं (śriyam) - Śrī (goddess of fortune); दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; पुरंदरे (puraṁdare) - in Purandara (Indra);]
(Then, from that, having departed, he went to Indra. Then he followed after, having seen Śrī in Purandara (Indra).)
Then, having departed from there, he went to Indra. Seeing Śrī in Indra, he followed after.
एतत्फलमसूयाया अभिमानस्य चाभिभो। तस्माद्बुध्यस्व मान्धातर्मा त्वा जह्यात्प्रतापिनी ॥१२-९१-२३॥
etat phalam asūyāyāḥ abhimānasya ca abhibho। tasmāt budhyasva māndhātar mā tvā jahyāt pratāpinī ॥12-91-23॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; असूयायाः (asūyāyāḥ) - of envy; अभिमानस्य (abhimānasya) - of pride; च (ca) - and; अभिभो (abhibho) - O conqueror; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - understand; मान्धातर् (māndhātar) - O Māndhātṛ; मा (mā) - do not; त्वा (tvā) - you; जह्यात् (jahyāt) - should abandon; प्रतापिनी (pratāpinī) - the burning (energy);]
(This is the fruit of envy and pride, O conqueror. Therefore, understand, O Māndhātṛ, do not let the burning (energy) abandon you.)
This is the result of envy and pride, O conqueror. Therefore, understand this, O Māndhātṛ; do not let your burning energy leave you.
दर्पो नाम श्रियः पुत्रो जज्ञेऽधर्मादिति श्रुतिः। तेन देवासुरा राजन्नीताः सुबहुशो वशम् ॥१२-९१-२४॥
darpo nāma śriyaḥ putro jajñe'dharmāditi śrutiḥ। tena devāsurā rājannītāḥ subahuśo vaśam ॥12-91-24॥
[दर्पः (darpaḥ) - pride; नाम (nāma) - by name; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of Śrī (prosperity); पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born; अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - from adharma; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - the śruti (scripture); तेन (tena) - by him; देव-असुराः (deva-asurāḥ) - gods and asuras; राजन् (rājan) - O king; नीताः (nītāḥ) - were led; सुबहुशः (subahuśaḥ) - many times; वशम् (vaśam) - into control;]
(Pride, by name, the son of Śrī (prosperity), was born from adharma—thus (says) the śruti (scripture). By him, O king, gods and asuras were led many times into control.)
The śruti says: 'Pride', the son of Śrī, was born from adharma. By him, O king, both gods and asuras were repeatedly brought under control.
राजर्षयश्च बहवस्तस्माद्बुध्यस्व पार्थिव। राजा भवति तं जित्वा दासस्तेन पराजितः ॥१२-९१-२५॥
rājarṣayaś ca bahavas tasmād budhyasva pārthiva। rājā bhavati taṃ jitvā dāsas tena parājitaḥ ॥12-91-25॥
[राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages; च (ca) - and; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - understand; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; राजा (rājā) - king; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; तं (taṃ) - him; जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered; दासः (dāsaḥ) - servant; तेन (tena) - by him; पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - defeated;]
(Royal sages and many others, therefore understand, O king. The king becomes (so) having conquered him; the servant (is) by him defeated.)
O king, understand that many royal sages have existed. One who conquers becomes king; the one defeated by him becomes a servant.
स यथा दर्पसहितमधर्मं नानुसेवसे। तथा वर्तस्व मान्धातश्चिरं चेत्स्थातुमिच्छसि ॥१२-९१-२६॥
sa yathā darpa-sahitam adharmaṃ nānusevase। tathā vartasva māndhātaś ciraṃ cet sthātum icchasi॥12-91-26॥
[स (sa) - he; यथा (yathā) - just as; दर्पसहितम् (darpa-sahitam) - with arrogance; अधर्मम् (adharmaṃ) - unrighteousness; न (na) - not; अनुसेवसे (anusevase) - you follow; तथा (tathā) - so; वर्तस्व (vartasva) - conduct yourself; मान्धातः (māndhātaḥ) - O Māndhāta; चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time; चेत् (cet) - if; स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to remain; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire;]
(He, just as with arrogance unrighteousness not you follow; so conduct yourself, O Māndhāta, for a long time if to remain you desire.)
Just as you do not follow unrighteousness with arrogance, in the same way, O Māndhāta, conduct yourself if you wish to remain for a long time.
मत्तात्प्रमत्तात्पोगण्डादुन्मत्ताच्च विशेषतः। तदभ्यासादुपावर्तादहितानां च सेवनात् ॥१२-९१-२७॥
mattāt pramattāt pogaṇḍād unmattāc ca viśeṣataḥ। tad abhyāsād upāvartād ahitānāṃ ca sevanāt ॥12-91-27॥
[मत्तात् (mattāt) - from the intoxicated; प्रमत्तात् (pramattāt) - from the careless; पोगण्डात् (pogaṇḍāt) - from the child; उन्मत्तात् (unmattāt) - from the insane; च (ca) - and; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially; तत् (tat) - that; अभ्यासात् (abhyāsāt) - from repetition; उपावर्तात् (upāvartāt) - from association; अहितानाम् (ahitānām) - of the harmful; च (ca) - and; सेवनात् (sevanāt) - from indulgence;]
(From the intoxicated, from the careless, from the child, from the insane, and especially; from that, from repetition, from association, of the harmful, and from indulgence.)
Especially, one should avoid actions learned from the intoxicated, the careless, the child, the insane, from repeated practice, from association with the harmful, and from indulgence.
निगृहीतादमात्याच्च स्त्रीभ्यश्चैव विशेषतः। पर्वताद्विषमाद्दुर्गाद्धस्तिनोऽश्वात्सरीसृपात् ॥१२-९१-२८॥
nigṛhītādamātyācca strībhyashcaiva viśeṣataḥ। parvatādviṣamāddurgāddhastino'śvātsarīsṛpāt ॥12-91-28॥
[निगृहीतात् (nigṛhītāt) - from the restrained; अमात्यात् (amātyāt) - from the minister; च (ca) - and; स्त्रीभ्यः (strībhyaḥ) - from women; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially; पर्वतात् (parvatāt) - from the mountain; विषमात् (viṣamāt) - from the uneven (ground); दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from the fortress; हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - from the elephant; अश्वात् (aśvāt) - from the horse; सरीसृपात् (sarīsṛpāt) - from the reptile;]
(From the restrained, from the minister, and from women indeed especially; from the mountain, from the uneven (ground), from the fortress, from the elephant, from the horse, from the reptile.)
Especially beware of the restrained, ministers, and women; also from mountains, uneven ground, fortresses, elephants, horses, and reptiles.
एतेभ्यो नित्ययत्तः स्यान्नक्तञ्चर्यां च वर्जयेत्। अत्यायं चातिमानं च दम्भं क्रोधं च वर्जयेत् ॥१२-९१-२९॥
etebhyo nityayattaḥ syān naktañcaryāṃ ca varjayet। atyāyaṃ cātimānaṃ ca dambhaṃ krodhaṃ ca varjayet ॥12-91-29॥
[एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - from these; नित्ययत्तः (nityayattaḥ) - always devoted; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; नक्तञ्चर्यां (naktañcaryām) - night-wandering; च (ca) - and; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid; अत्यायं (atyāyam) - excessive effort; च (ca) - and; अतिमानं (atimānam) - arrogance; च (ca) - and; दम्भं (dambham) - hypocrisy; क्रोधं (krodham) - anger; च (ca) - and; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid;]
(From these, one should always be devoted; one should avoid night-wandering and should avoid excessive effort, arrogance, hypocrisy, and anger.)
One should always be devoted to these; one should avoid night-wandering, excessive effort, arrogance, hypocrisy, and anger.
अविज्ञातासु च स्त्रीषु क्लीबासु स्वैरिणीषु च। परभार्यासु कन्यासु नाचरेन्मैथुनं नृपः ॥१२-९१-३०॥
avijñātāsu ca strīṣu klībāsu svairiṇīṣu ca। parabhāryāsu kanyāsu nācaremmaithunaṃ nṛpaḥ ॥12-91-30॥
[अविज्ञातासु (avijñātāsu) - among unknown; च (ca) - and; स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women; क्लीबासु (klībāsu) - among impotent (women); स्वैरिणीषु (svairiṇīṣu) - among unchaste (women); च (ca) - and; परभार्यासु (parabhāryāsu) - among others' wives; कन्यासु (kanyāsu) - among maidens; न (na) - not; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice; मैथुनं (maithunaṃ) - sexual union; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king;]
(Among unknown and among women, among impotent, among unchaste and among others' wives, among maidens, the king should not practice sexual union.)
A king should not engage in sexual union with unknown women, impotent women, unchaste women, other men's wives, or maidens.
कुलेषु पापरक्षांसि जायन्ते वर्णसङ्करात्। अपुमांसोऽङ्गहीनाश्च स्थूलजिह्वा विचेतसः ॥१२-९१-३१॥
kuleṣu pāparakṣāṃsi jāyante varṇasaṅkarāt। apumāṃso'ṅgahīnāśca sthūlajihvā vicetasaḥ ॥12-91-31॥
[कुलेषु (kuleṣu) - in families; पापरक्षांसि (pāparakṣāṃsi) - evil spirits; जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born; वर्णसङ्करात् (varṇasaṅkarāt) - from mixture of castes; अपुमांसः (apumāṃsaḥ) - those without manliness; अङ्गहीनाः (aṅgahīnāḥ) - limb-deficient; च (ca) - and; स्थूलजिह्वाः (sthūlajihvāḥ) - thick-tongued; विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - unintelligent;]
(In families, evil spirits are born from the mixture of castes; those without manliness, limb-deficient, and thick-tongued, unintelligent (ones).)
When castes are mixed, evil spirits arise in families; there are also those who lack manliness, are limb-deficient, thick-tongued, and unintelligent.
एते चान्ये च जायन्ते यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति। तस्माद्राज्ञा विशेषेण वर्तितव्यं प्रजाहिते ॥१२-९१-३२॥
ete cānye ca jāyante yadā rājā pramādyati। tasmādrājñā viśeṣeṇa vartitavyaṃ prajāhite ॥12-91-32॥
[एते (ete) - these; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; च (ca) - and; जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born; यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रमाद्यति (pramādyati) - is negligent; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - should act; प्रजाहिते (prajāhite) - for the welfare of the subjects;]
(These and others are born when the king is negligent. Therefore, the king should especially act for the welfare of the subjects.)
When the king is negligent, such people and others arise. Therefore, the king must especially conduct himself for the welfare of his subjects.
क्षत्रियस्य प्रमत्तस्य दोषः सञ्जायते महान्। अधर्माः सम्प्रवर्तन्ते प्रजासङ्करकारकाः ॥१२-९१-३३॥
kṣatriyasya pramattasya doṣaḥ sañjāyate mahān। adharmāḥ sampravartante prajāsaṅkarakārakāḥ ॥12-91-33॥
[क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of the kṣatriya; (warrior class) प्रमत्तस्य (pramattasya) - of one who is negligent; (careless) दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault; (defect) सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - arises; (is produced) महान् (mahān) - great; (large) अधर्माः (adharmāḥ) - unrighteous acts; (unrighteousness) सम्प्रवर्तन्ते (sampravartante) - are set in motion; (commence) प्रजासङ्करकारकाः (prajāsaṅkarakārakāḥ) - causing confusion of progeny; (causing mixture of classes);]
(The great fault of a negligent kṣatriya arises. Unrighteous acts, causing confusion of progeny, are set in motion.)
When a kṣatriya becomes negligent, a great fault arises; unrighteous acts that cause confusion among the people are set in motion.
अशीते विद्यते शीतं शीते शीतं न विद्यते। अवृष्टिरतिवृष्टिश्च व्याधिश्चाविशति प्रजाः ॥१२-९१-३४॥
aśīte vidyate śītaṃ śīte śītaṃ na vidyate। avṛṣṭirativṛṣṭiśca vyādhiścāviśati prajāḥ ॥12-91-34॥
[अशीते (aśīte) - when there is no cold; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; शीतं (śītam) - cold; शीते (śīte) - when it is cold; शीतं (śītam) - cold; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; अवृष्टिः (avṛṣṭiḥ) - drought; अतिवृष्टिः (ativṛṣṭiḥ) - excessive rain; च (ca) - and; व्याधिः (vyādhiḥ) - disease; च (ca) - and; आविशति (āviśati) - enters; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people;]
(When there is no cold, cold exists; when it is cold, cold does not exist. Drought, excessive rain, and disease enter the people.)
When there is no cold, cold is present; when it is cold, cold is absent. Drought, excessive rain, and disease afflict the people.
नक्षत्राण्युपतिष्ठन्ति ग्रहा घोरास्तथापरे। उत्पाताश्चात्र दृश्यन्ते बहवो राजनाशनाः ॥१२-९१-३५॥
nakṣatrāṇy upatiṣṭhanti grahā ghorās tathāpare। utpātāś cātra dṛśyante bahavo rājanāśanāḥ ॥12-91-35॥
[नक्षत्राणि (nakṣatrāṇi) - stars; (constellations); उपतिष्ठन्ति (upatiṣṭhanti) - approach; (attend upon); ग्रहाः (grahāḥ) - planets; घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible; (fearful); तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपरे (apare) - others; उत्पाताः (utpātāḥ) - portents; (omens); च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; राजनाशनाः (rājanāśanāḥ) - destructive to kings;]
(Stars approach, planets (that are) terrible likewise others; portents and here are seen many destructive to kings;)
Stars and planets, some of which are terrible, approach; likewise, many ominous portents destructive to kings are seen here.
अरक्षितात्मा यो राजा प्रजाश्चापि न रक्षति। प्रजाश्च तस्य क्षीयन्ते ताश्च सोऽनु विनश्यति ॥१२-९१-३६॥
arakṣitātmā yo rājā prajāś cāpi na rakṣati। prajāś ca tasya kṣīyante tāś ca so'nu vinaśyati ॥12-91-36॥
[अरक्षितात्मा (arakṣitātmā) - one whose self is unprotected; यः (yaḥ) - who; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; न (na) - not; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; च (ca) - and; तस्य (tasya) - his; क्षीयन्ते (kṣīyante) - are diminished; ताः (tāḥ) - they; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; अनु (anu) - after; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes;]
(One whose self is unprotected, the king who does not protect the subjects, and his subjects are diminished, and he perishes after them.)
A king who does not protect himself and his subjects, his subjects dwindle, and he himself perishes after them.
द्वावाददाते ह्येकस्य द्वयोश्च बहवोऽपरे। कुमार्यः सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते तदाहुर्नृपदूषणम् ॥१२-९१-३७॥
dvāvādadāte hy ekasya dvayoś ca bahavo'pare। kumāryaḥ sampralupyante tad āhur nṛpadūṣaṇam ॥12-91-37॥
[द्वौ (dvau) - two; आददाते (ādadāte) - take; हि (hi) - indeed; एकस्य (ekasya) - of one; द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of two; च (ca) - and; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; अपरे (apare) - others; कुमार्यः (kumāryaḥ) - maidens; सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते (sampralupyante) - are completely lost; तत् (tat) - that; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; नृपदूषणम् (nṛpadūṣaṇam) - a disgrace to kings;]
(Two indeed take from one, and of two, many others; maidens are completely lost; that they say is a disgrace to kings.)
It is said to be a disgrace to kings when two take from one, and from two, many others; thus, maidens are completely lost.
ममैतदिति नैकस्य मनुष्येष्ववतिष्ठते। त्यक्त्वा धर्मं यदा राजा प्रमादमनुतिष्ठति ॥१२-९१-३८॥
mamaitaditi naikasya manuṣyeṣvavatiṣṭhate। tyaktvā dharmaṃ yadā rājā pramādam anutiṣṭhati ॥12-91-38॥
[मम (mama) - my; of me; एतद् (etad) - this; इति (iti) - thus; so; न (na) - not; एकस्य (ekasya) - of one; of a single; मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among men; among people; अवतिष्ठते (avatiṣṭhate) - remains; abides; त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; having given up; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; duty; यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रमादम् (pramādam) - negligence; carelessness; अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - practices; follows;]
(My this thus not of one among men remains. Having abandoned righteousness, when the king negligence practices.)
The notion 'this is mine' does not remain with any one among men. When a king abandons righteousness, he acts negligently.
