12.092
उतथ्य उवाच॥
utathya uvāca॥
[उतथ्य (utathya) - Utathya; (proper noun; name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Utathya said;)
Utathya said.
कालवर्षी च पर्जन्यो धर्मचारी च पार्थिवः। सम्पद्यदैषा भवति सा बिभर्ति सुखं प्रजाः ॥१२-९२-१॥
kālavarṣī ca parjanyo dharmacārī ca pārthivaḥ। sampadyadaiṣā bhavati sā bibharti sukhaṃ prajāḥ ॥12-92-1॥
[कालवर्षी (kālavarṣī) - timely-rain-giver; च (ca) - and; पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain-cloud; धर्मचारी (dharmacārī) - righteous-conducting; च (ca) - and; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king; सम्पद्य (sampadya) - having attained; एषा (eṣā) - this; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; सा (sā) - she; बिभर्ति (bibharti) - supports; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects;]
(Timely-rain-giver and rain-cloud, righteous-conducting and king; having attained this, she becomes, she supports happiness (for) subjects.)
When there is timely rain and the king follows righteousness, prosperity arises, and she brings happiness to the people.
यो न जानाति निर्हन्तुं वस्त्राणां रजको मलम्। रक्तानि वा शोधयितुं यथा नास्ति तथैव सः ॥१२-९२-२॥
yo na jānāti nirhantuṃ vastrāṇāṃ rajako malam। raktāni vā śodhayituṃ yathā nāsti tathaiva saḥ ॥12-92-2॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; जानाति (jānāti) - knows; निर्हन्तुं (nirhantuṃ) - to remove; वस्त्राणां (vastrāṇāṃ) - of clothes; रजकः (rajakaḥ) - washerman; मलम् (malam) - dirt; रक्तानि (raktāni) - red (clothes); वा (vā) - or; शोधयितुं (śodhayituṃ) - to cleanse; यथा (yathā) - as; नास्ति (nāsti) - does not exist; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Who does not know to remove the dirt of clothes, the washerman, or to cleanse red (clothes), as does not exist, just so he.)
A washerman who does not know how to remove dirt from clothes or to cleanse red garments is as good as non-existent.
एवमेव द्विजेन्द्राणां क्षत्रियाणां विशामपि। शूद्राश्चतुर्णां वर्णानां नानाकर्मस्ववस्थिताः ॥१२-९२-३॥
evameva dvijendrāṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ viśāmapi। śūdrāś caturṇāṃ varṇānāṃ nānākarmasvavasthitāḥ ॥12-92-3॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; द्विजेन्द्राणां (dvijendrāṇām) - of the foremost of twice-born; क्षत्रियाणां (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas; विशाम् (viśām) - of the vaiśyas; अपि (api) - also; शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - the śūdras; चतुर्णां (caturṇām) - of the four; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the classes; नानाकर्मसु (nānākarmasu) - in various actions; अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - situated;]
(Thus indeed, of the foremost of twice-born, of the kṣatriyas, of the vaiśyas also, the śūdras, of the four classes, in various actions, are situated.)
In the same way, among the foremost of the twice-born, the kṣatriyas, the vaiśyas, and also the śūdras, all four classes are established in their respective various duties.
कर्म शूद्रे कृषिर्वैश्ये दण्डनीतिश्च राजनि। ब्रह्मचर्यं तपो मन्त्राः सत्यं चापि द्विजातिषु ॥१२-९२-४॥
karma śūdre kṛṣirvaiśye daṇḍanītiśca rājani। brahmacaryaṃ tapo mantrāḥ satyaṃ cāpi dvijātiṣu ॥12-92-4॥
[कर्म (karma) - action; work; शूद्रे (śūdre) - in the Śūdra; (fourth varṇa); कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture; वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in the Vaiśya; (third varṇa); दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - policy of punishment; governance; च (ca) - and; राजनि (rājani) - in the king; (Kṣatriya; second varṇa); ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy; student life; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; मन्त्राः (mantrāḥ) - mantras; sacred utterances; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; द्विजातिषु (dvijātiṣu) - among the twice-born; (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya);]
(Action in the Śūdra, agriculture in the Vaiśya, policy of punishment and governance in the king; celibacy, austerity, mantras, and truth also among the twice-born.)
For the Śūdra, action is prescribed; for the Vaiśya, agriculture; for the king, governance and the policy of punishment; among the twice-born, celibacy, austerity, mantras, and truth are also prescribed.
तेषां यः क्षत्रियो वेद वस्त्राणामिव शोधनम्। शीलदोषान्विनिर्हन्तुं स पिता स प्रजापतिः ॥१२-९२-५॥
teṣāṃ yaḥ kṣatriyo veda vastrāṇāmiva śodhanam। śīladoṣānvinirhantuṃ sa pitā sa prajāpatiḥ ॥12-92-5॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; यः (yaḥ) - who; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - the kṣatriya; वेद (veda) - knows; वस्त्राणाम् (vastrāṇām) - of garments; इव (iva) - like; शोधनम् (śodhanam) - purification; शीलदोषान् (śīladoṣān) - faults of character; विनिर्हन्तुम् (vinirhantum) - to completely remove; सः (saḥ) - he; पिता (pitā) - father; सः (saḥ) - he; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - lord of creatures;]
(Of them, who the kṣatriya knows the purification of garments, like to completely remove faults of character, he (is) father, he (is) lord of creatures.)
Among them, the kṣatriya who knows how to purify faults of character just as one knows the purification of garments, he is the father, he is the lord of the people.
कृतं त्रेता द्वापरश्च कलिश्च भरतर्षभ। राजवृत्तानि सर्वाणि राजैव युगमुच्यते ॥१२-९२-६॥
kṛtaṃ tretā dvāparaś ca kaliś ca bharatarṣabha। rājavṛttāni sarvāṇi rājaiva yugam ucyate ॥12-92-6॥
[कृतम् (kṛtam) - the Kṛta (age); त्रेता (tretā) - the Tretā (age); द्वापरः (dvāparaḥ) - the Dvāpara (age); च (ca) - and; कलिः (kaliḥ) - the Kali (age); च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; राजवृत्तानि (rājavṛttāni) - royal conduct(s); सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; राजा (rājā) - the king; एव (eva) - indeed; युगम् (yugam) - age; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(The Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali, O bull among the Bharatas, all royal conducts—the king alone is indeed called the age.)
O best of the Bharatas, the Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali ages—all these royal conducts—are in fact called by the name of the king; the king alone is regarded as the embodiment of the age.
चातुर्वर्ण्यं तथा वेदाश्चातुराश्रम्यमेव च। सर्वं प्रमुह्यते ह्येतद्यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ॥१२-९२-७॥
cāturvarṇyaṃ tathā vedāścāturāśramyameva ca। sarvaṃ pramuhyate hyetadyadā rājā pramādyati॥12-92-7॥
[चातुर्वर्ण्यं (cāturvarṇyam) - the fourfold order of society; तथा (tathā) - likewise; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas; चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - the fourfold order of life; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; प्रमुह्यते (pramuhyate) - is confounded; हि (hi) - indeed; एतत् (etat) - this; यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - the king; प्रमाद्यति (pramādyati) - is negligent;]
(The fourfold order of society, likewise the Vedas, the fourfold order of life indeed and; all is confounded indeed this when the king is negligent.)
When the king is negligent, the fourfold order of society, the Vedas, and the fourfold order of life—all of this becomes confounded.
राजैव कर्ता भूतानां राजैव च विनाशकः। धर्मात्मा यः स कर्ता स्यादधर्मात्मा विनाशकः ॥१२-९२-८॥
rājaiva kartā bhūtānāṃ rājaiva ca vināśakaḥ। dharmātmā yaḥ sa kartā syādadharmātmā vināśakaḥ ॥12-92-8॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्ता (kartā) - doer; भूतानां (bhūtānāṃ) - of beings; राजा (rājā) - king; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; विनाशकः (vināśakaḥ) - destroyer; धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled; यः (yaḥ) - who; सः (saḥ) - he; कर्ता (kartā) - doer; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; अधर्मात्मा (adharmātmā) - unrighteous-souled; विनाशकः (vināśakaḥ) - destroyer;]
(The king indeed is the doer of beings; the king indeed is also the destroyer. The one who is righteous-souled, he should be the doer; the unrighteous-souled is the destroyer.)
The king alone is the creator and destroyer of beings. A righteous king is a creator, while an unrighteous king is a destroyer.
राज्ञो भार्याश्च पुत्राश्च बान्धवाः सुहृदस्तथा। समेत्य सर्वे शोचन्ति यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ॥१२-९२-९॥
rājño bhāryāś ca putrāś ca bāndhavāḥ suhṛdas tathā। sametya sarve śocanti yadā rājā pramādyati॥12-92-9॥
[राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives; च (ca) - and; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; च (ca) - and; बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; तथा (tathā) - likewise; समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled; सर्वे (sarve) - all; शोचन्ति (śocanti) - lament; यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - the king; प्रमाद्यति (pramādyati) - is negligent;]
(Of the king, wives and sons and relatives, friends likewise, having assembled, all lament when the king is negligent.)
When the king is negligent, all his wives, sons, relatives, and friends gather together and grieve.
हस्तिनोऽश्वाश्च गावश्चाप्युष्ट्राश्वतरगर्दभाः। अधर्मवृत्ते नृपतौ सर्वे सीदन्ति पार्थिव ॥१२-९२-१०॥
hastino'śvāś ca gāvaś cāpy uṣṭrāśvataragardabhāḥ। adharmavṛtte nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva ॥12-92-10॥
[हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants; अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses; च (ca) - and; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उष्ट्र-अश्वतर-गर्दभाः (uṣṭra-aśvatara-gardabhāḥ) - camels, mules, and donkeys; अधर्मवृत्ते (adharmavṛtte) - when engaged in unrighteous conduct; नृपतौ (nṛpatau) - in the king; सर्वे (sarve) - all; सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - sink; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king;]
(Elephants, horses, and cows, also camels, mules, and donkeys, when the king is engaged in unrighteous conduct, all sink, O king.)
O king, when the ruler acts unrighteously, all—elephants, horses, cows, camels, mules, and donkeys—suffer decline.
दुर्बलार्थं बलं सृष्टं धात्रा मान्धातरुच्यते। अबलं तन्महद्भूतं यस्मिन्सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१२-९२-११॥
durbalārthaṃ balaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ dhātrā māndhātarucyate. abalaṃ tanmahadbhūtaṃ yasminsarvaṃ pratiṣṭhitam ॥12-92-11॥
[दुर्बलार्थम् (durbalārtham) - for the sake of the weak; बलम् (balam) - strength; सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created; धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator; मान्धातरुच्यते (māndhātā ucyate) - is said by Māndhātā; अबलम् (abalam) - the powerless; तत् (tat) - that; महत् (mahat) - great; भूतम् (bhūtam) - being; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - is established;]
(For the sake of the weak, strength was created by the Creator, is said by Māndhātā. That great being, the powerless, in which all is established.)
Māndhātā says: Strength was created by the Creator for the sake of the weak. That great being, the powerless, is the foundation in which everything is established.
यच्च भूतं स भजते भूता ये च तदन्वयाः। अधर्मस्थे हि नृपतौ सर्वे सीदन्ति पार्थिव ॥१२-९२-१२॥
yacca bhūtaṃ sa bhajate bhūtā ye ca tadanvayāḥ। adharmasthe hi nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva ॥12-92-12॥
[यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; भूतम् (bhūtam) - has become; सः (saḥ) - he; भजते (bhajate) - associates; भूताः (bhūtāḥ) - beings; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that; अन्वयाः (anvayāḥ) - followers; अधर्मस्थे (adharmasthe) - when established in unrighteousness; हि (hi) - indeed; नृपतौ (nṛpatau) - in the king; सर्वे (sarve) - all; सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - sink; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king;]
(Which and has become, he associates; beings who and that followers; when established in unrighteousness indeed in the king, all sink, O king.)
Whatever has become, he associates with; the beings who are his followers, when the king is established in unrighteousness, all sink, O king.
दुर्बलस्य हि यच्चक्षुर्मुनेराशीविषस्य च। अविषह्यतमं मन्ये मा स्म दुर्बलमासदः ॥१२-९२-१३॥
durbalasya hi yac cakṣur muner āśīviṣasya ca। aviṣahyatamaṃ manye mā sma durbalam āsadaḥ ॥12-92-13॥
[दुर्बलस्य (durbalasya) - of the weak; हि (hi) - indeed; यत् (yat) - which; चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; मुनेः (muner) - of the sage; आशीविषस्य (āśīviṣasya) - of the venomous serpent; च (ca) - and; अविषह्यतमम् (aviṣahyatamam) - most unbearable; मन्ये (manye) - I think; मा (mā) - do not; स्म (sma) - ever; दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - the weak; आसदः (āsadaḥ) - approach;]
(Indeed, the eye of the weak, of the sage, and of the venomous serpent, I think, is most unbearable; do not ever approach the weak.)
I believe that the gaze of the weak, the sage, and the venomous serpent is most unbearable; therefore, never approach the weak.
दुर्बलांस्तात बुध्येथा नित्यमेवाविमानितान्। मा त्वां दुर्बलचक्षूंषि प्रदहेयुः सबान्धवम् ॥१२-९२-१४॥
durbalāṃs tāta budhyethā nityam eva avimānitān। mā tvāṃ durbalacakṣūṃṣi pradahēyuḥ sabāndhavam ॥12-92-14॥
[दुर्बलान् (durbalān) - the weak ones; तात (tāta) - O dear one; बुध्येथाः (budhyethāḥ) - you should understand; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; अविमानितान् (avimānitān) - those not insulted; मा (mā) - do not; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; दुर्बलचक्षूंषि (durbalacakṣūṃṣi) - the eyes of the weak; प्रदहेयुः (pradaheyuh) - should burn; स-बान्धवम् (sa-bāndhavam) - together with your relatives;]
(O dear one, you should always indeed understand the weak ones as those not insulted. Do not let the eyes of the weak burn you together with your relatives.)
O dear one, always recognize the weak who have not been insulted. Do not let the gaze of the weak bring harm to you and your family.
न हि दुर्बलदग्धस्य कुले किञ्चित्प्ररोहति। आमूलं निर्दहत्येव मा स्म दुर्बलमासदः ॥१२-९२-१५॥
na hi durbaladaghdhasya kule kiñcitprarohati। āmūlaṃ nirdahatyeva mā sma durbalamāsadaḥ ॥12-92-15॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; दुर्बलदग्धस्य (durbaladaghdhasya) - of the one (family) burned by weakness; कुले (kule) - in the family; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; प्ररोहति (prarohati) - sprouts; आमूलम् (āmūlam) - from the root; निर्दहति (nirdahati) - burns completely; एव (eva) - indeed; मा (mā) - do not; स्म (sma) - ever; दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - the weak; आसदः (āsadaḥ) - approach;]
(Not indeed in the family of the one burned by weakness does anything sprout. From the root it indeed burns completely. Do not ever approach the weak.)
Nothing ever flourishes in a family consumed by weakness; it is completely destroyed from the root. Therefore, never associate with the weak.
अबलं वै बलाच्छ्रेयो यच्चातिबलवद्बलम्। बलस्याबलदग्धस्य न किञ्चिदवशिष्यते ॥१२-९२-१६॥
abalaṃ vai balāc chreyo yac cātibalavad balam। balasyābaladagdhasya na kiñcid avaśiṣyate ॥12-92-16॥
[अबलं (abalaṃ) - not-strong; वै (vai) - indeed; बलात् (balāt) - from strength; श्रेयो (śreyo) - better; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; अतिबलवत् (atibalavat) - like one of excessive strength; बलम् (balam) - strength; बलस्य (balasya) - of strength; अबलदग्धस्य (abaladagdhasya) - of one consumed by weakness; न (na) - not; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; अवशिष्यते (avaśiṣyate) - remains;]
(Not-strong indeed is better than strength; and the strength which is like that of one of excessive strength. Of the strength consumed by weakness, nothing remains.)
It is indeed better to have no strength than to have strength like that of one who is excessively strong; for when strength is consumed by weakness, nothing remains.
विमानितो हतोत्क्रुष्टस्त्रातारं चेन्न विन्दति। अमानुषकृतस्तत्र दण्डो हन्ति नराधिपम् ॥१२-९२-१७॥
vimānito hatotkruṣṭastrātāraṃ cen na vindati। amānuṣakṛtastatra daṇḍo hanti narādhipam ॥12-92-17॥
[विमानितः (vimānitaḥ) - dishonored; हत-उत्क्रुष्टः (hata-utkruṣṭaḥ) - killed and exalted; त्रातारम् (trātāram) - protector; चेत् (cet) - if; न (na) - not; विन्दति (vindati) - finds; अमानुष-कृतः (amānuṣa-kṛtaḥ) - done by non-human; तत्र (tatra) - there; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - king; १२-९२-१७ (12-92-17) - 12-92-17;]
(If a dishonored or slain and exalted person does not find a protector, then the punishment done by non-humans there destroys the king.)
If a dishonored or slain and exalted person does not find a protector, then the punishment inflicted by non-humans in that situation destroys the king.
मा स्म तात बले स्थेया बाधिष्ठा मापि दुर्बलम्। मा त्वा दुर्बलचक्षूंषि धक्ष्यन्त्यग्निरिवाश्रयम् ॥१२-९२-१८॥
mā sma tāta bale stheyā bādhiṣṭhā māpi durbalam। mā tvā durbalacakṣūṃṣi dhakṣyantyagnirivāśrayam ॥12-92-18॥
[मा (mā) - do not; स्म (sma) - indeed; तात (tāta) - O dear; बले (bale) - in strength; स्थेया (stheyā) - should remain; बाधिष्ठा (bādhiṣṭhā) - should oppress; मा (mā) - do not; अपि (api) - even; दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - the weak; मा (mā) - do not; त्वा (tvā) - you; दुर्बलचक्षूंषि (durbalacakṣūṃṣi) - the weak-eyed ones; धक्ष्यन्ति (dhakṣyanti) - will burn; अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; इव (iva) - like; आश्रयम् (āśrayam) - refuge;]
(Do not, indeed, O dear, remain in strength; do not oppress even the weak. Do not let the weak-eyed ones burn you like fire burns its refuge.)
O dear one, do not rely on your strength alone, nor oppress the weak. Beware, lest the weak and watchful harm you as fire consumes its own support.
यानि मिथ्याभिशस्तानां पतन्त्यश्रूणि रोदताम्। तानि पुत्रान्पशून्घ्नन्ति तेषां मिथ्याभिशासताम् ॥१२-९२-१९॥
yāni mithyābhiśastānāṃ patantyaśrūṇi rodatām। tāni putrānpaśūnghnanti teṣāṃ mithyābhiśāsatām ॥12-92-19॥
[यानि (yāni) - which; (neuter plural nominative of yad) मिथ्या-अभिशस्तानाम् (mithyā-abhiśastānām) - of those falsely accused; (genitive plural) पतन्ति (patanti) - fall; (they fall) अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears; (neuter plural nominative) रोदताम् (rodatām) - of those who are weeping; (genitive plural present participle) तानि (tāni) - those; (neuter plural nominative) पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; (accusative plural) पशून् (paśūn) - cattle; (accusative plural) घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - destroy; (they destroy) तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those; (genitive plural) मिथ्या-अभिशासताम् (mithyā-abhiśāsatām) - of those who falsely accuse; (genitive plural present participle);]
(The tears which fall from those falsely accused who are weeping, those destroy the sons and cattle of those who falsely accuse.)
The tears shed by the falsely accused, while they are weeping, destroy the sons and cattle of those who have falsely accused them.
यदि नात्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेत्पौत्रेषु नप्तृषु। न हि पापं कृतं कर्म सद्यः फलति गौरिव ॥१२-९२-२०॥
yadi nātmani putreṣu na cetpautreṣu naptriṣu। na hi pāpaṃ kṛtaṃ karma sadyaḥ phalati gauriva ॥12-92-20॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; न (na) - not; आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself; पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - in sons; न (na) - not; चेत् (cet) - or; पौत्रेषु (pautreṣu) - in grandsons; नप्तृषु (naptriṣu) - in great-grandsons; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sinful; कृतं (kṛtaṃ) - done; कर्म (karma) - action; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; फलति (phalati) - bears fruit; गौरिव (gauriva) - like a cow; १२-९२-२० (12-92-20) - 12-92-20;]
(If not in oneself, in sons, or in grandsons, or in great-grandsons, indeed sinful action done does not immediately bear fruit, like a cow.)
If not in oneself, then in one's sons, or if not in them, then in grandsons or great-grandsons, sinful actions do not immediately bear fruit, just as with a cow.
यत्राबलो वध्यमानस्त्रातारं नाधिगच्छति। महान्दैवकृतस्तत्र दण्डः पतति दारुणः ॥१२-९२-२१॥
yatrābalo vadhyamānas trātāraṃ nādhigacchati। mahān daivakṛtas tatra daṇḍaḥ patati dāruṇaḥ ॥12-92-21॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; अबलः (abalaḥ) - the weak; वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being slain; त्रातारम् (trātāram) - protector; न (na) - not; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - finds; महान् (mahān) - great; दैवकृतः (daivakṛtaḥ) - caused by fate; तत्र (tatra) - there; दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment; पतति (patati) - falls; दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - terrible;]
(Where the weak, being slain, does not find a protector, there a great and terrible punishment caused by fate falls.)
Where the weak are slain and find no protector, there a great and terrible punishment, ordained by fate, befalls.
युक्ता यदा जानपदा भिक्षन्ते ब्राह्मणा इव। अभीक्ष्णं भिक्षुदोषेण राजानं घ्नन्ति तादृशाः ॥१२-९२-२२॥
yuktā yadā jānapadā bhikṣante brāhmaṇā iva। abhīkṣṇaṃ bhikṣudoṣeṇa rājānaṃ ghnanti tādṛśāḥ ॥12-92-22॥
[युक्ता (yuktā) - joined; यदा (yadā) - when; जानपदा (jānapadā) - people of the country; भिक्षन्ते (bhikṣante) - beg; ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; इव (iva) - like; अभीक्ष्णं (abhīkṣṇam) - constantly; भिक्षुदोषेण (bhikṣudoṣeṇa) - by the fault of begging; राजानं (rājānam) - the king; घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - destroy; तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such (people);]
(Joined when the people of the country beg like Brāhmaṇas, constantly by the fault of begging, such (people) destroy the king.)
When the people of the country, united, beg like Brāhmaṇas, such people, by the constant fault of begging, destroy the king.
राज्ञो यदा जनपदे बहवो राजपूरुषाः। अनयेनोपवर्तन्ते तद्राज्ञः किल्बिषं महत् ॥१२-९२-२३॥
rājño yadā janapade bahavo rājapūruṣāḥ। anayenopavartante tadrājñaḥ kilbiṣaṃ mahat ॥12-92-23॥
[राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; यदा (yadā) - when; जनपदे (janapade) - in the country; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; राजपूरुषाः (rājapūruṣāḥ) - royal officers; अनयेन (anayena) - with injustice; उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - behave; तत् (tat) - then; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; किल्बिषं (kilbiṣam) - sin; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(Of the king when in the country many royal officers with injustice behave, then of the king the sin great (is).)
When many royal officers in the country act unjustly, the great sin falls upon the king.
यदा युक्ता नयन्त्यर्थान्कामादर्थवशेन वा। कृपणं याचमानानां तद्राज्ञो वैशसं महत् ॥१२-९२-२४॥
yadā yuktā nayantyarthānkāmādarthavaśena vā। kṛpaṇaṃ yācamānānāṃ tadrājño vaiśasaṃ mahat ॥12-92-24॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - joined; नयन्ति (nayanti) - lead; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; अर्थवशेन (arthavaśena) - by the force of wealth; वा (vā) - or; कृपणम् (kṛpaṇam) - miserable; याचमानानाम् (yācamānānām) - of those begging; तत् (tat) - that; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; वैशसम् (vaiśasam) - cruelty; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(When joined, they lead objects either from desire or by the force of wealth; the misery of those begging is that great cruelty of the king.)
When those in power direct resources either out of desire or due to the influence of wealth, the suffering of the beggars is the king's great cruelty.
महावृक्षो जायते वर्धते च; तं चैव भूतानि समाश्रयन्ति। यदा वृक्षश्छिद्यते दह्यते वा; तदाश्रया अनिकेता भवन्ति ॥१२-९२-२५॥
mahāvṛkṣo jāyate vardhate ca; taṃ caiva bhūtāni samāśrayanti. yadā vṛkṣaś chidyate dahyate vā; tadāśrayā aniketā bhavanti ॥12-92-25॥
[महावृक्षः (mahāvṛkṣaḥ) - great tree; जायते (jāyate) - is born; वर्धते (vardhate) - grows; च (ca) - and; तं (taṃ) - that; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - creatures; समाश्रयन्ति (samāśrayanti) - take refuge; यदा (yadā) - when; वृक्षः (vṛkṣaḥ) - tree; छिद्यते (chidyate) - is cut; दह्यते (dahyate) - is burned; वा (vā) - or; तदा (tadā) - then; आश्रयाः (āśrayāḥ) - those who take refuge; अनिकेताः (aniketāḥ) - homeless; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become;]
(A great tree is born, grows, and indeed creatures take refuge in that; when the tree is cut or burned, then those who take refuge become homeless.)
A great tree is born and grows, and all creatures take shelter in it; but when the tree is cut down or burned, those who depended on it become homeless.
यदा राष्ट्रे धर्ममग्र्यं चरन्ति; संस्कारं वा राजगुणं ब्रुवाणाः। तैरेवाधर्मश्चरितो धर्ममोहा; त्तूर्णं जह्यात्सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च ॥१२-९२-२६॥
yadā rāṣṭre dharmamagryaṃ caranti; saṃskāraṃ vā rājaguṇaṃ bruvāṇāḥ। tairevādharmascarito dharmamohā; t-tūrṇaṃ jahyātsukṛtaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ ca ॥12-92-26॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom; धर्ममग्र्यं (dharmamagryam) - the highest dharma; चरन्ति (caranti) - they practice; संस्कारं (saṃskāram) - refinement; वा (vā) - or; राजगुणं (rājaguṇam) - royal virtue; ब्रुवाणाः (bruvāṇāḥ) - speaking; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; एव (eva) - indeed; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; चरितः (caritaḥ) - is practiced; धर्ममोहाः (dharmamohāḥ) - deluded by dharma; त्तूर्णं (ttūrṇaṃ) - quickly; जहि (jahi) - abandon; आत् (āt) - from; सुकृतं (sukṛtam) - good deed; दुष्कृतं (duṣkṛtam) - bad deed; च (ca) - and;]
(When in the kingdom they practice the highest dharma, or speak of refinement or royal virtue, by them indeed unrighteousness is practiced, deluded by dharma; quickly one should abandon both good and bad deeds.)
When, in a kingdom, people practice what is considered the highest dharma, or speak of refinement or royal virtues, it is by these very people, deluded by dharma, that unrighteousness is practiced; therefore, one should quickly abandon both good and bad deeds.
यत्र पापा ज्ञायमानाश्चरन्ति; सतां कलिर्विन्दति तत्र राज्ञः। यदा राजा शास्ति नरान्नशिष्या; न्न तद्राज्यं वर्धते भूमिपाल ॥१२-९२-२७॥
yatra pāpā jñāyamānāś caranti; satāṃ kalir vindati tatra rājñaḥ। yadā rājā śāsti narān na śiṣyān; na tad rājyaṃ vardhate bhūmipāla ॥12-92-27॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; पापा (pāpāḥ) - evildoers; ज्ञायमानाः (jñāyamānāḥ) - being recognized; चरन्ति (caranti) - move about; सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous; कलिः (kaliḥ) - discord; विन्दति (vindati) - finds; तत्र (tatra) - there; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - the king; शास्ति (śāsti) - punishes; नरान् (narān) - men; न (na) - not; शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - disciples; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom; वर्धते (vardhate) - prospers; भूमिपाल (bhūmipāla) - O protector of the earth;]
(Where evildoers being recognized move about; there discord of the virtuous finds the king. When the king punishes men, not disciples; not that kingdom prospers, O protector of the earth.)
Where evildoers are recognized and yet move about freely, there discord among the virtuous reaches the king. When the king punishes men who are not his disciples, O protector of the earth, such a kingdom does not prosper.
यश्चामात्यं मानयित्वा यथार्हं; मन्त्रे च युद्धे च नृपो नियुञ्ज्यात्। प्रवर्धते तस्य राष्ट्रं नृपस्य; भुङ्क्ते महीं चाप्यखिलां चिराय ॥१२-९२-२८॥
yaś cāmātyaṃ mānayitvā yathārhaṃ; mantre ca yuddhe ca nṛpo niyuñjyāt। pravardhate tasya rāṣṭraṃ nṛpasya; bhuṅkte mahīṃ cāpyakhilāṃ cirāya ॥12-92-28॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अमात्यम् (amātyam) - minister; मानयित्वा (mānayitvā) - having honored; यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as deserved; मन्त्रे (mantre) - in counsel; च (ca) - and; युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle; च (ca) - and; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; नियुञ्ज्यात् (niyuñjyāt) - should employ; प्रवर्धते (pravardhate) - prospers; तस्य (tasya) - his; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; महीम् (mahīm) - earth; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अखिलाम् (akhilām) - entire; चिराय (cirāya) - for a long time;]
(Who, having honored the minister as deserved, the king should employ (him) in counsel and in battle; his kingdom of the king prospers; (he) enjoys the earth, also the entire (earth), for a long time.)
A king who honors his minister as he deserves and employs him in counsel and battle, his kingdom prospers; he enjoys the earth, even the whole earth, for a long time.
अत्रापि सुकृतं कर्म वाचं चैव सुभाषिताम्। समीक्ष्य पूजयन्राजा धर्मं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ॥१२-९२-२९॥
atrāpi sukṛtaṃ karma vācaṃ caiva subhāṣitām। samīkṣya pūjayan rājā dharmaṃ prāpnoty anuttamam ॥12-92-29॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; सुकृतं (sukṛtam) - good deed; कर्म (karma) - action; वाचं (vācam) - speech; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सुभाषिताम् (subhāṣitām) - well-spoken; समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having examined; पूजयन् (pūjayan) - honouring; राजा (rājā) - king; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - the highest;]
(Here also, having examined good deeds and indeed well-spoken speech, honouring (them), the king attains the highest righteousness.)
Here too, when the king examines and honours good deeds and well-spoken words, he attains the highest righteousness.
संविभज्य यदा भुङ्क्ते न चान्यानवमन्यते। निहन्ति बलिनं दृप्तं स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३०॥
saṃvibhajya yadā bhuṅkte na cānyānavamanyate। nihanti balinaṃ dṛptaṃ sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-30॥
[संविभज्य (saṃvibhajya) - having distributed; यदा (yadā) - when; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अन्यान् (anyān) - others; अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises; निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys; बलिनम् (balinam) - the powerful; दृप्तम् (dṛptam) - the arrogant; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Having distributed, when (he) enjoys, and does not despise others, (he) destroys the powerful, the arrogant; he is called the duty of the king.)
When one enjoys after distributing and does not despise others, and destroys the powerful and arrogant, that is called the duty of a king.
त्रायते हि यदा सर्वं वाचा कायेन कर्मणा। पुत्रस्यापि न मृष्येच्च स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३१॥
trāyate hi yadā sarvaṃ vācā kāyena karmaṇā। putrasyāpi na mṛṣyecca sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-31॥
[त्रायते (trāyate) - protects; हि (hi) - indeed; यदा (yadā) - when; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; वाचा (vācā) - by speech; कायेन (kāyena) - by body; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; मृष्येत् (mṛṣyet) - should tolerate; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - that; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Indeed, when one protects all by speech, by body, by action, and does not tolerate even (wrong) of the son, that is called the dharma of the king.)
When one protects everyone by speech, body, and action, and does not tolerate even the faults of his own son, that is called the king's dharma.
यदा शारणिकान्राजा पुत्रवत्परिरक्षति। भिनत्ति न च मर्यादां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३२॥
yadā śāraṇikān rājā putravat parirakṣati। bhinatti na ca maryādāṃ sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-32॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; शारणिकान् (śāraṇikān) - the dependents; राजा (rājā) - the king; पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son; परिरक्षति (parirakṣati) - protects; भिनत्ति (bhinatti) - breaks; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; मर्यादाम् (maryādām) - boundary; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(When the king protects the dependents like a son, and does not break the boundary, that is called the duty of the king.)
When a king protects his dependents as if they were his own children and does not transgress boundaries, that is called the king's duty.
यदाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजते श्रद्धयान्वितः। कामद्वेषावनादृत्य स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३३॥
yad-āpta-dakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajate śraddhayā-anvitaḥ। kāma-dveṣau anādṛtya sa rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate॥12-92-33॥
[यत् (yat) - which; आप्तदक्षिणैः (āpta-dakṣiṇaiḥ) - with proper fees; यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - with sacrifices; यजते (yajate) - he worships; श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith; अन्वितः (anvitaḥ) - endowed; कामद्वेषौ (kāma-dveṣau) - desire and hatred; अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - disregarding; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Which, with proper fees, with sacrifices, he worships, with faith endowed, desire and hatred disregarding, he, of the king, duty, is called.)
That which is performed with proper fees and sacrifices, with faith, disregarding desire and hatred, is called the king's duty.
कृपणानाथवृद्धानां यदाश्रु व्यपमार्ष्टि वै। हर्षं सञ्जनयन्नॄणां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३४॥
kṛpaṇānātha-vṛddhānāṃ yad āśru vyapamārṣṭi vai। harṣaṃ sañjanayan nṝṇāṃ sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-34॥
[कृपण (kṛpaṇa) - miserable; अनाथ (anātha) - helpless; वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the aged; यत् (yat) - which; आश्रु (āśru) - tears; व्यपमार्ष्टि (vyapamārṣṭi) - wipes away; वै (vai) - indeed; हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy; सञ्जनयन् (sañjanayan) - causing; नॄणाम् (nṝṇām) - of men; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(That which indeed wipes away the tears of the miserable, the helpless, and the aged, causing joy among men, that is called the duty of the king.)
The king's duty is said to be that which truly wipes away the tears of the miserable, the helpless, and the aged, and brings joy to people.
विवर्धयति मित्राणि तथारींश्चापकर्षति। सम्पूजयति साधूंश्च स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३५॥
vivardhayati mitrāṇi tathārīṃścāpakarṣati. sampūjayati sādhūṃśca sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-35॥
[विवर्धयति (vivardhayati) - causes to grow; increases; मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends; तथा (tathā) - likewise; in the same way; अरि-ईन्-च (ari-īn-ca) - enemies-and; अपकर्षति (apakarṣati) - draws away; removes; सम्पूजयति (sampūjayati) - honors; worships; साधून्-च (sādhūn-ca) - the virtuous-and; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; righteousness; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; is said;]
(He causes friends to grow; likewise removes enemies; honors the virtuous; this is called the king's dharma.)
The king's duty is said to be this: to foster friends, to remove enemies in the same way, and to honor the virtuous.
सत्यं पालयति प्राप्त्या नित्यं भूमिं प्रयच्छति। पूजयत्यतिथीन्भृत्यान्स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३६॥
satyaṃ pālayati prāptyā nityaṃ bhūmiṃ prayacchati। pūjayaty-atithīn-bhṛtyān-sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-36॥
[सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; पालयति (pālayati) - protects; प्राप्त्या (prāptyā) - by attainment; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; भूमिं (bhūmiṃ) - land; प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives; पूजयति (pūjayati) - honors; अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests; भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants; सः (saḥ) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(He protects truth by attainment, always gives land, honors guests and servants; this is called the dharma of a king.)
To protect truth, to always grant land, to honor guests and servants—this is said to be the king's dharma.
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चोभौ यत्र स्यातां प्रतिष्ठितौ। अस्मिँल्लोके परे चैव राजा तत्प्राप्नुते फलम् ॥१२-९२-३७॥
nigrahānugrahau cobhau yatra syātāṃ pratiṣṭhitau। asmiṃlloke pare caiva rājā tatprāpnute phalam ॥12-92-37॥
[निग्रह (nigraha) - restraint; अनुग्रहौ (anugrahau) - and favour; च (ca) - and; उभौ (ubhau) - both; यत्र (yatra) - where; स्याताम् (syātām) - may be; प्रतिष्ठितौ (pratiṣṭhitau) - established; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; लोके (loke) - world; परे (pare) - in the next; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; राजा (rājā) - king; तत् (tat) - that; प्राप्नुते (prāpnute) - obtains; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
(Where both restraint and favour are established, in this world and in the next indeed, the king obtains that fruit.)
Wherever both restraint and favour are established, the king attains the corresponding results in this world and the next.
यमो राजा धार्मिकाणां मान्धातः परमेश्वरः। संयच्छन्भवति प्राणान्नसंयच्छंस्तु पापकः ॥१२-९२-३८॥
yamo rājā dhārmikāṇāṃ māndhātaḥ parameśvaraḥ। saṃyacchanbhavati prāṇānna saṃyacchaṃstu pāpakaḥ॥12-92-38॥
[यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama; (the god of death; राजा (rājā) - king; धार्मिकाणाम् (dhārmikāṇām) - of the righteous; मान्धातः (māndhātaḥ) - Mandhata; (a legendary king; परमेश्वरः (parameśvaraḥ) - supreme lord; संयच्छन् (saṃyacchan) - restraining; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives; न (na) - not; संयच्छन् (saṃyacchan) - restraining; तु (tu) - but; पापकः (pāpakaḥ) - the wicked; ॥१२-९२-३८॥ (॥12-92-38॥) -;]
(Yama, king of the righteous, Mandhata, supreme lord. Restraining becomes lives; not restraining, but the wicked.)
Yama is the king of the righteous, Mandhata is the supreme lord. He who restrains (his senses) lives; but he who does not restrain is wicked.
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यान्सत्कृत्यानवमन्य च। यदा सम्यक्प्रगृह्णाति स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥१२-९२-३९॥
ṛtvikpurohitācāryānsatkṛtyānavamanya ca। yadā samyakpragṛhṇāti sa rājño dharma ucyate ॥12-92-39॥
[ऋत्विक् (ṛtvik) - priest; पुरोहित (purohita) - family priest; आचार्यान् (ācāryān) - teachers; सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having honored; अनवमन्य (anavamanya) - not disrespecting; च (ca) - and; यदा (yadā) - when; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; प्रगृह्णाति (pragṛhṇāti) - receives; स (sa) - he; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
(Priests, family priests, and teachers, having honored and not disrespecting, and when he properly receives (them), that is said to be the king's duty.)
It is said to be the king's duty when he honors and does not disrespect priests, family priests, and teachers, and properly receives them.
यमो यच्छति भूतानि सर्वाण्येवाविशेषतः। तस्य राज्ञानुकर्तव्यं यन्तव्या विधिवत्प्रजाः ॥१२-९२-४०॥
yamo yacchati bhūtāni sarvāṇyevāviśeṣataḥ। tasya rājñānukartavyaṃ yantavyā vidhivatprajāḥ ॥12-92-40॥
[यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama; (the god of death; यच्छति (yacchati) - restrains; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; अविशेषतः (aviśeṣataḥ) - without distinction; तस्य (tasya) - his; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; अनुकर्तव्यम् (anukartavyam) - to be followed; यन्तव्याः (yantavyāḥ) - to be controlled; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects;]
(Yama restrains all beings indeed without distinction. His conduct is to be followed by the king; the subjects are to be controlled according to rule.)
Yama restrains all beings equally without distinction. The king should follow his example; the subjects must be governed according to the law.
सहस्राक्षेण राजा हि सर्व एवोपमीयते। स पश्यति हि यं धर्मं स धर्मः पुरुषर्षभ ॥१२-९२-४१॥
sahasrākṣeṇa rājā hi sarva evopamīyate। sa paśyati hi yaṃ dharmaṃ sa dharmaḥ puruṣarṣabha ॥12-92-41॥
[सहस्राक्षेण (sahasrākṣeṇa) - by the thousand-eyed (Indra); राजा (rājā) - king; हि (hi) - indeed; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - only; उपमीयते (upamīyate) - is compared; स (sa) - he; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; हि (hi) - indeed; यं (yaṃ) - which; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; स (sa) - he; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - is dharma; पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - bull among men;]
(By the thousand-eyed (Indra), the king indeed is compared to all only. He sees indeed which dharma, he is dharma, O bull among men.)
O bull among men, the king is always compared to Indra. Whatever dharma he sees, that is dharma itself.
अप्रमादेन शिक्षेथाः क्षमां बुद्धिं धृतिं मतिम्। भूतानां सत्त्वजिज्ञासां साध्वसाधु च सर्वदा ॥१२-९२-४२॥
apramādena śikṣethāḥ kṣamāṃ buddhiṃ dhṛtiṃ matim। bhūtānāṃ sattvajijñāsāṃ sādhvasādhu ca sarvadā ॥12-92-42॥
[अप्रमादेन (apramādena) - by non-negligence; शिक्षेथाः (śikṣethāḥ) - you should learn; क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - forbearance; बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect; धृतिम् (dhṛtim) - steadfastness; मतिम् (matim) - wisdom; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; सत्त्वजिज्ञासाम् (sattvajijñāsām) - inquiry into the nature; साधु (sādhu) - good; असाधु (asādhu) - not good; च (ca) - and; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always;]
(By non-negligence you should learn forbearance, intellect, steadfastness, wisdom, inquiry into the nature of beings, and always (distinguish) good and not good.)
With vigilance, you should cultivate forbearance, intellect, steadfastness, wisdom, inquiry into the nature of beings, and always discern between good and not good.
सङ्ग्रहः सर्वभूतानां दानं च मधुरा च वाक्। पौरजानपदाश्चैव गोप्तव्याः स्वा यथा प्रजाः ॥१२-९२-४३॥
saṅgrahaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ dānaṃ ca madhurā ca vāk। paurajānapadāścaiva goptavyāḥ svā yathā prajāḥ ॥12-92-43॥
[सङ्ग्रहः (saṅgrahaḥ) - collection; सर्वभूतानां (sarvabhūtānāṃ) - of all beings; दानं (dānaṃ) - gift; च (ca) - and; मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet; च (ca) - and; वाक् (vāk) - speech; पौरजानपदाः (paurajānapadāḥ) - citizens and country people; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; गोप्तव्याः (goptavyāḥ) - to be protected; स्वा (svā) - one's own; यथा (yathā) - just as; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects;]
(Collection of all beings, gift, and sweet speech; citizens and country people indeed are to be protected just as one's own subjects.)
One should gather all beings, give gifts, speak sweetly, and protect both citizens and country people just as one would protect one's own subjects.
न जात्वदक्षो नृपतिः प्रजाः शक्नोति रक्षितुम्। भारो हि सुमहांस्तात राज्यं नाम सुदुष्करम् ॥१२-९२-४४॥
na jātvadakṣo nṛpatiḥ prajāḥ śaknoti rakṣitum। bhāro hi sumahāṃstāta rājyaṃ nāma suduṣkaram ॥12-92-44॥
[न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; अदक्षः (adakṣaḥ) - unskilful; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able; रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect; भारः (bhāraḥ) - burden; हि (hi) - indeed; सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great; तात (tāta) - dear one; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; नाम (nāma) - called; सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult;]
(Not ever an unskilful king is able to protect subjects. The burden indeed is very great, dear one, the kingdom called is very difficult.)
An unskilful king is never able to protect his subjects. The burden of the kingdom, dear one, is indeed very great and extremely difficult to bear.
तद्दण्डविन्नृपः प्राज्ञः शूरः शक्नोति रक्षितुम्। न हि शक्यमदण्डेन क्लीबेनाबुद्धिनापि वा ॥१२-९२-४५॥
tad-daṇḍa-vit-nṛpaḥ prājñaḥ śūraḥ śaknoti rakṣitum। na hi śakyam adaṇḍena klībena abuddhinā api vā ॥12-92-45॥
[तत् (tat) - that; दण्डवित् (daṇḍa-vit) - knower of punishment; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise; शूरः (śūraḥ) - valiant; शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able; रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible; अदण्डेन (adaṇḍena) - by one without punishment; क्लीबेन (klībena) - by an impotent (one); अबुद्धिना (abuddhinā) - by a foolish (one); अपि (api) - even; वा (vā) - or;]
(That knower of punishment king, wise, valiant, is able to protect. Not indeed possible by one without punishment, by an impotent, by a foolish one, even or.)
A king who knows how to wield punishment, who is wise and valiant, is able to protect; but protection is not possible by one who does not use punishment, or by one who is impotent or foolish.
अभिरूपैः कुले जातैर्दक्षैर्भक्तैर्बहुश्रुतैः। सर्वा बुद्धीः परीक्षेथास्तापसाश्रमिणामपि ॥१२-९२-४६॥
abhirūpaiḥ kule jātairdakṣairbhaktairbahuśrutaiḥ। sarvā buddhīḥ parīkṣethāstāpasāśramiṇāmapi ॥12-92-46॥
[अभिरूपैः (abhirūpaiḥ) - by those who are handsome; कुले (kule) - in a family; जातैः (jātaiḥ) - born; दक्षैः (dakṣaiḥ) - by the competent; भक्तैः (bhaktaḥ) - by the devoted; बहुश्रुतैः (bahuśrutaiḥ) - by the well-learned; सर्वा (sarvā) - all; बुद्धीः (buddhīḥ) - intellects; परीक्षेथाः (parīkṣethāḥ) - you should examine; तापसाश्रमिणाम् (tāpasāśramiṇām) - of ascetics living in hermitages; अपि (api) - even;]
(By those who are handsome, born in a family, competent, devoted, and well-learned, you should examine all intellects even of ascetics living in hermitages.)
You should examine the intellects of all, whether they are handsome, born in noble families, competent, devoted, or well-learned, even those of ascetics living in hermitages.
ततस्त्वं सर्वभूतानां धर्मं वेत्स्यसि वै परम्। स्वदेशे परदेशे वा न ते धर्मो विनश्यति ॥१२-९२-४७॥
tatastvaṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ dharmaṃ vetsyasi vai param। svadeśe paradeśe vā na te dharmo vinaśyati ॥12-92-47॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; त्वम् (tvam) - you; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; वेत्स्यसि (vetsyasi) - you will know; वै (vai) - indeed; परम् (param) - supreme; स्वदेशे (svadeśe) - in your own country; परदेशे (paradeśe) - in another country; वा (vā) - or; न (na) - not; ते (te) - your; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - is destroyed;]
(Then you will indeed know the supreme dharma of all beings. In your own country or in another country, your dharma is not destroyed.)
Then you will truly know the highest dharma of all beings. Whether in your own land or in another, your dharma will never be lost.
धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च धर्म एवोत्तरो भवेत्। अस्मिँल्लोके परे चैव धर्मवित्सुखमेधते ॥१२-९२-४८॥
dharmaś cārthaś ca kāmaś ca dharma evottaro bhavet। asmiñl loke pare caiva dharmavit sukham edhate ॥12-92-48॥
[धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; च (ca) - and; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - wealth; च (ca) - and; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; एव (eva) - indeed; उत्तरो (uttaraḥ) - superior; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; लोके (loke) - world; परे (pare) - in the next; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of righteousness; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधते (edhate) - attains;]
(Righteousness and wealth and desire, righteousness indeed should be superior. In this world and in the next indeed, the knower of righteousness attains happiness.)
Righteousness, wealth, and desire—of these, righteousness alone should be regarded as superior. In this world and in the next, the knower of righteousness attains happiness.
त्यजन्ति दारान्प्राणांश्च मनुष्याः प्रतिपूजिताः। सङ्ग्रहश्चैव भूतानां दानं च मधुरा च वाक् ॥१२-९२-४९॥
tyajanti dārān prāṇāṁś ca manuṣyāḥ pratipūjitāḥ। saṅgrahaś caiva bhūtānāṁ dānaṁ ca madhurā ca vāk ॥12-92-49॥
[त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon; दारान् (dārān) - wives; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives; च (ca) - and; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men; प्रतिपूजिताः (pratipūjitāḥ) - honored; सङ्ग्रहः (saṅgrahaḥ) - accumulation; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; दानम् (dānam) - gift; च (ca) - and; मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet; च (ca) - and; वाक् (vāk) - speech;]
(They abandon wives and lives, men who are honored; and indeed, the accumulation of beings, and gift, and sweet speech.)
Honored men abandon even wives and their own lives; for beings, accumulation, charity, and sweet speech are valued.
अप्रमादश्च शौचं च तात भूतिकरं महत्। एतेभ्यश्चैव मान्धातः सततं मा प्रमादिथाः ॥१२-९२-५०॥
apramādaś ca śaucaṃ ca tāta bhūtikaraṃ mahat। etebhyaś caiva māndhātaḥ satataṃ mā pramādithāḥ ॥12-92-50॥
[अप्रमादः (apramādaḥ) - non-negligence; च (ca) - and; शौचं (śaucaṃ) - purity; च (ca) - and; तात (tāta) - O dear (son); भूतिकरं (bhūtikaraṃ) - causing welfare; महत् (mahat) - great; एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - than these; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मान्धातः (māndhātaḥ) - O Māndhāta; सततं (satataṃ) - always; मा (mā) - do not; प्रमादिथाः (pramādithāḥ) - be negligent;]
(Non-negligence and purity, O dear (son), are great causes of welfare; O Māndhāta, always do not be negligent than these.)
O Māndhāta, non-negligence and purity are great sources of welfare; always, do not be negligent regarding these.
अप्रमत्तो भवेद्राजा छिद्रदर्शी परात्मनोः। नास्य छिद्रं परः पश्येच्छिद्रेषु परमन्वियात् ॥१२-९२-५१॥
apramatto bhaved rājā chidradaṛśī parātmanoḥ। nāsya chidraṃ paraḥ paśyec chidreṣu param anviyāt ॥12-92-51॥
[अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - not-negligent; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; राजा (rājā) - king; छिद्रदर्शी (chidradarśī) - fault-seeing; परात्मनोः (parātmanoḥ) - of others and himself; न (na) - not; अस्य (asya) - his; छिद्रं (chidram) - fault; परः (paraḥ) - another; पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see; छिद्रेषु (chidreṣu) - in faults; परम् (param) - another; अन्वियात् (anviyāt) - should investigate;]
(The king should be not-negligent, fault-seeing regarding others and himself. Another should not see his fault; in faults, another should not investigate.)
A king should always be vigilant and perceptive of faults in himself and others. He should not allow others to discover his weaknesses, nor should he seek out faults in others.
एतद्वृत्तं वासवस्य यमस्य वरुणस्य च। राजर्षीणां च सर्वेषां तत्त्वमप्यनुपालय ॥१२-९२-५२॥
etadvṛttaṃ vāsavasya yamasya varuṇasya ca। rājarṣīṇāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ tattvam apy anupālaya ॥12-92-52॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; वृत्तं (vṛttam) - conduct; वासवस्य (vāsavasya) - of Vāsava (Indra); यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuṇa; च (ca) - and; राजर्षीणां (rājarṣīṇāṃ) - of royal sages; च (ca) - and; सर्वेषां (sarveṣāṃ) - of all; तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - essence; अपि (api) - also; अनुपालय (anupālaya) - observe;]
(This conduct of Vāsava, Yama, and Varuṇa, and also the essence of all royal sages, observe also.)
You should also observe this conduct of Vāsava, Yama, Varuṇa, and the essential principles of all royal sages.
तत्कुरुष्व महाराज वृत्तं राजर्षिसेवितम्। आतिष्ठ दिव्यं पन्थानमह्नाय भरतर्षभ ॥१२-९२-५३॥
tat kuruṣva mahārāja vṛttaṃ rājarṣisevitam। ātiṣṭha divyaṃ panthānam ahnāya bharatarṣabha ॥12-92-53॥
[तत् (tat) - that; कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do; perform; महाराज (mahārāja) - great king; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct; action; राजर्षि-सेवितम् (rājarṣi-sevitam) - attended by royal sages; आतिष्ठ (ātiṣṭha) - undertake; follow; दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine; पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path; अह्नाय (ahnāya) - for the day; for the occasion; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - bull among the Bharatas;]
(That do, O great king, the conduct attended by royal sages. Undertake the divine path for the day, O bull among the Bharatas.)
O great king, perform that conduct which has been followed by royal sages. Set forth on the divine path for the day, O foremost of the Bharatas.
धर्मवृत्तं हि राजानं प्रेत्य चेह च भारत। देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वाः कीर्तयन्त्यमितौजसः ॥१२-९२-५४॥
dharmavṛttaṃ hi rājānaṃ pretya ceha ca bhārata। devarṣipitṛgandharvāḥ kīrtayantyamitaujasaḥ ॥12-92-54॥
[धर्मवृत्तं (dharmavṛttam) - righteous-conduct; हि (hi) - indeed; राजानं (rājānam) - king; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वाः (devarṣipitṛgandharvāḥ) - the gods, sages, ancestors, and gandharvas; कीर्तयन्ति (kīrtayanti) - praise; अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - of immeasurable energy;]
(Indeed, O Bhārata, the gods, sages, ancestors, and gandharvas of immeasurable energy praise the king of righteous conduct, both after death and here.)
O Bhārata, the gods, sages, ancestors, and gandharvas of immeasurable energy praise a king who follows righteous conduct, both in this world and after death.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
स एवमुक्तो मान्धाता तेनोतथ्येन भारत। कृतवानविशङ्कस्तदेकः प्राप च मेदिनीम् ॥१२-९२-५५॥
sa evam-ukto māndhātā tenotathyena bhārata। kṛtavān-aviśaṅkas-tad-ekaḥ prāpa ca medinīm ॥12-92-55॥
[स (sa) - he; एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Māndhātā; तेन (tena) - by him; उतथ्येन (utathyena) - by Utathya; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - did; अविशङ्कः (aviśaṅkaḥ) - without doubt; तत् (tat) - that; एकः (ekaḥ) - alone; प्राप (prāpa) - attained; च (ca) - and; मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth;]
(He, thus addressed, Māndhātā, by him, by Utathya, O Bhārata, did, without doubt, that, alone, attained and the earth.)
O Bhārata, thus addressed by Utathya, Māndhātā, without doubt, did that alone and attained the earth.
भवानपि तथा सम्यङ्मान्धातेव महीपतिः। धर्मं कृत्वा महीं रक्षन्स्वर्गे स्थानमवाप्स्यसि ॥१२-९२-५६॥
bhavān api tathā samyaṅ māndhāteva mahīpatiḥ। dharmaṃ kṛtvā mahīṃ rakṣan svarge sthānam avāpsyasi॥12-92-56॥
[भवान् (bhavān) - you; (honorific) अपि (api) - also; तथा (tathā) - thus; सम्यक् (samyak) - rightly; मान्धातेव (māndhāteva) - like Māndhātṛ; महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed; महीम् (mahīm) - the earth; रक्षन् (rakṣan) - protecting; स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven; स्थानम् (sthānam) - place; अवाप्स्यसि (avāpsyasi) - you will attain;]
(You also, thus, rightly, like Māndhātṛ, king, righteousness having performed, the earth protecting, in heaven, place you will attain.)
You too, O king, if you act righteously and protect the earth as Māndhātṛ did, will attain a place in heaven.
