12.109
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
महानयं धर्मपथो बहुशाखश्च भारत। किं स्विदेवेह धर्माणामनुष्ठेयतमं मतम् ॥१२-१०९-१॥
mahān ayaṃ dharmapatho bahuśākhaś ca bhārata। kiṃ svid eveha dharmāṇām anuṣṭheyatamaṃ matam ॥12-109-1॥
[महान् (mahān) - great; अयम् (ayam) - this; धर्मपथः (dharmapathaḥ) - path of dharma; बहुशाखः (bahuśākhaḥ) - having many branches; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; किम् (kim) - what; स्वित् (svit) - indeed; एव (eva) - truly; इह (iha) - here; धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of dharmas; अनुष्ठेयतमम् (anuṣṭheyatamam) - most to be practiced; मतम् (matam) - opinion;]
(Great is this path of dharma, having many branches, O Bhārata. What indeed, truly, here, of the dharmas, is the opinion of the most to be practiced?)
O Bhārata, this path of dharma is great and has many branches. What, then, is considered the most essential dharma to be practiced here?
किं कार्यं सर्वधर्माणां गरीयो भवतो मतम्। यथायं पुरुषो धर्ममिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयात् ॥१२-१०९-२॥
kiṃ kāryaṃ sarvadharmāṇāṃ garīyo bhavato matam। yathāyaṃ puruṣo dharmamiha ca pretya cāpnuyāt॥12-109-2॥
[किं (kiṃ) - what; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - to be done; सर्वधर्माणां (sarvadharmāṇāṃ) - of all dharmas; गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - weightier; भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your; मतम् (matam) - opinion; यथा (yathā) - so that; अयम् (ayam) - this; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; इह (iha) - here; च (ca) - and; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may attain;]
(What is the action among all dharmas, weightier in your opinion, so that this person may attain dharma here and after death?)
What, in your opinion, is the most important duty among all dharmas, by which a person may attain dharma both in this life and after death?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
मातापित्रोर्गुरूणां च पूजा बहुमता मम। अत्र युक्तो नरो लोकान्यशश्च महदश्नुते ॥१२-१०९-३॥
mātāpitrorgurūṇāṃ ca pūjā bahumatā mama। atra yukto naro lokānyaśaśca mahadaśnute ॥12-109-3॥
[माता (mātā) - mother; पित्रोः (pitroḥ) - of father; गुरूणां (gurūṇām) - of teachers; च (ca) - and; पूजा (pūjā) - worship; बहुमता (bahumatā) - highly esteemed; मम (mama) - by me; अत्र (atra) - here; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged; नरः (naraḥ) - man; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; च (ca) - and; महत् (mahat) - great; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(Mother, of father, of teachers and worship highly esteemed by me; here engaged man worlds fame and great attains.)
Worship of mother, father, and teachers is highly esteemed by me; here, a man who is engaged in this attains great worlds and fame.
यदेते ह्यभिजानीयुः कर्म तात सुपूजिताः। धर्म्यं धर्मविरुद्धं वा तत्कर्तव्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१०९-४॥
yadete hyabhijānīyuḥ karma tāta supūjitāḥ। dharmyaṃ dharmaviruddhaṃ vā tatkartavyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-109-4॥
[यत् (yat) - which; एते (ete) - these; हि (hi) - indeed; अभिजानीयुः (abhijānīyuḥ) - would recognize; कर्म (karma) - action; तात (tāta) - O dear; सुपूजिताः (supūjitāḥ) - well-honored; धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous; धर्मविरुद्धम् (dharmaviruddham) - opposed to dharma; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(Which these indeed would recognize, action, O dear, well-honored, righteous, opposed to dharma or, that should be done, Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, whatever actions these well-honored ones would indeed recognize as righteous or opposed to dharma, that should be done.
न तैरनभ्यनुज्ञातो धर्ममन्यं प्रकल्पयेत्। यमेतेऽभ्यनुजानीयुः स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥१२-१०९-५॥
na tair anabhyanujñāto dharmam anyaṃ prakalpayet। yam ete 'bhyanujānīyuḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ ॥12-109-5॥
[न (na) - not; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; अनभ्यनुज्ञातः (anabhyanujñātaḥ) - not permitted; धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty; अन्यं (anyaṃ) - other; प्रकल्पयेत् (prakalpayet) - should establish; यम् (yam) - which; एते (ete) - these; अभ्यनुजानीयुः (abhyanujānīyuḥ) - would permit; सः (saḥ) - that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision;]
(One should not establish any other duty not permitted by them. That which these would permit, that is the duty—thus is the decision.)
One should not institute any other duty that is not permitted by them. The duty which these permit, that alone is to be regarded as duty—this is the settled conclusion.
एत एव त्रयो लोका एत एवाश्रमास्त्रयः। एत एव त्रयो वेदा एत एव त्रयोऽग्नयः ॥१२-१०९-६॥
eta eva trayo lokā eta evāśramāstrayaḥ। eta eva trayo vedā eta eva trayo'gnayaḥ ॥12-109-6॥
[एत (eta) - these; एव (eva) - indeed; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; लोका (lokā) - worlds; एत (eta) - these; एव (eva) - indeed; आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - āśramas; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; एत (eta) - these; एव (eva) - indeed; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; एत (eta) - these; एव (eva) - indeed; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; अग्नयः (agnayaḥ) - fires;]
(These indeed (are) the three worlds; these indeed (are) the three āśramas; these indeed (are) the three Vedas; these indeed (are) the three fires.)
These are verily the three worlds, the three āśramas, the three Vedas, and the three sacred fires.
पिता ह्यग्निर्गार्हपत्यो माताग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः। गुरुराहवनीयस्तु साग्नित्रेता गरीयसी ॥१२-१०९-७॥
pitā hy agnir gārhapatyo mātāgnir dakṣiṇaḥ smṛtaḥ। gurur āhavanīyas tu sāgnitretā garīyasī ॥12-109-7॥
[पिता (pitā) - father; हि (hi) - indeed; अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni (fire); गार्हपत्यः (gārhapatyaḥ) - the household fire; माता (mātā) - mother; अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni (fire); दक्षिणः (dakṣiṇaḥ) - the southern (fire); स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; आहवनीयः (āhavanīyaḥ) - the sacrificial fire; तु (tu) - but; स (sa) - he; अग्नित्रेता (agnitretā) - having three fires; गरीयसी (garīyasī) - is the greatest;]
(Father indeed is Agni, the household fire; mother is Agni, the southern fire, is considered. Teacher is the sacrificial fire, but he having three fires is the greatest.)
The father is indeed regarded as Agni, the household fire; the mother is considered Agni, the southern fire. The teacher is the sacrificial fire, but among those with the three fires, the teacher is the greatest.
त्रिष्वप्रमाद्यन्नेतेषु त्रीँल्लोकानवजेष्यसि। पितृवृत्त्या त्विमं लोकं मातृवृत्त्या तथापरम् ॥ ब्रह्मलोकं गुरोर्वृत्त्या नित्यमेव चरिष्यसि ॥१२-१०९-८॥
triṣvapramādyanneteṣu trīṃllokānavajeṣyasi। pitṛvṛttyā tvimaṃ lokaṃ mātṛvṛttyā tathāparam ॥ brahmalokaṃ gurorvṛttyā nityameva cariṣyasi ॥12-109-8॥
[त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three; अप्रमाद्यन् (apramādyan) - not being negligent; एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; अवजेष्यसि (avajeṣyasi) - you will conquer; पितृवृत्त्या (pitṛvṛttyā) - by the conduct of the father; त्व (tv) - you; इमं (imaṃ) - this; लोकं (lokaṃ) - world; मातृवृत्त्या (mātṛvṛttyā) - by the conduct of the mother; तथा (tathā) - likewise; परम् (param) - the other; ब्रह्मलोकं (brahmalokaṃ) - the world of Brahma; गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; वृत्त्या (vṛttyā) - by the conduct; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; चरिष्यसि (cariṣyasi) - you will move/live;]
(Not being negligent in these three, you will conquer the three worlds. By the conduct of the father, you (will conquer) this world; by the conduct of the mother, likewise the other (world). The world of Brahma, by the conduct of the teacher, you will always indeed live in.)
By not being negligent in these three, you will conquer the three worlds. By following the conduct of the father, you will attain this world; by following the conduct of the mother, likewise the next world. By following the conduct of the teacher, you will always attain the world of Brahma.
सम्यगेतेषु वर्तस्व त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत। यशः प्राप्स्यसि भद्रं ते धर्मं च सुमहाफलम् ॥१२-१०९-९॥
samyagetēṣu vartasva triṣu lōkēṣu bhārata। yaśaḥ prāpsyasi bhadraṃ te dharmaṃ ca sumahāphalam ॥12-109-9॥
[सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; thoroughly; एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these; वर्तस्व (vartasva) - conduct yourself; dwell; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - worlds; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; प्राप्स्यसि (prāpsyasi) - you will obtain; भद्रं (bhadraṃ) - welfare; auspiciousness; ते (te) - to you; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; righteousness; च (ca) - and; सुमहाफलम् (sumahāphalam) - of very great fruit;]
(Properly in these conduct yourself in the three worlds, O Bhārata. Fame you will obtain, welfare to you, and dharma of very great fruit.)
O Bhārata, conduct yourself properly in these three worlds. You will obtain fame, welfare, and the dharma that yields great rewards.
नैतानतिशयेज्जातु नात्यश्नीयान्न दूषयेत्। नित्यं परिचरेच्चैव तद्वै सुकृतमुत्तमम् ॥ कीर्तिं पुण्यं यशो लोकान्प्राप्स्यसे च जनाधिप ॥१२-१०९-१०॥
naitān atiśayej jātu nātyaśnīyān na dūṣayet। nityaṃ paricarec caiva tad vai sukṛtam uttamam॥ kīrtiṃ puṇyaṃ yaśo lokān prāpsyase ca janādhipa॥12-109-10॥
[न (na) - not; एतान् (etān) - these; अतिशयेत् (atiśayet) - should transgress; जातु (jātu) - ever; न (na) - not; अत्यश्नीयात् (aty-aśnīyāt) - should overeat; न (na) - not; दूषयेत् (dūṣayet) - should spoil; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; परिचरेत् (paricaret) - should serve; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; वै (vai) - indeed; सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest; कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame; पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit; यशः (yaśaḥ) - glory; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain; च (ca) - and; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of men;]
(Not these should ever transgress, not should overeat, not should spoil. Always should serve indeed; that indeed is the highest good deed. Fame, merit, glory, worlds you will attain, O ruler of men.)
One should never transgress these, never overeat, nor cause harm. Always serve; that is truly the highest virtue. By this, O ruler of men, you will attain fame, merit, glory, and heavenly worlds.
सर्वे तस्यादृता लोका यस्यैते त्रय आदृताः। अनादृतास्तु यस्यैते सर्वास्तस्याफलाः क्रियाः ॥१२-१०९-११॥
sarve tasyādṛtā lokā yasyai te traya ādṛtāḥ। anādṛtās tu yasyai te sarvās tasyāphalāḥ kriyāḥ॥12-109-11॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; तस्य (tasya) - of him; अदृता (adṛtā) - not respected; लोका (lokā) - worlds; यस्य (yasya) - whose; एते (ete) - these; त्रय (traya) - three; आदृताः (ādṛtāḥ) - respected; अनादृताः (anādṛtāḥ) - not respected; तु (tu) - but; यस्य (yasya) - whose; एते (ete) - these; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; तस्य (tasya) - of him; अफलाः (aphalāḥ) - fruitless; क्रियाः (kriyāḥ) - actions;]
(All the worlds of him are not respected, whose these three are respected. But whose these all are not respected, of him the actions are fruitless.)
All the worlds of that person are not respected if these three are respected. But if all these are not respected, then all his actions are fruitless.
नैवायं न परो लोकस्तस्य चैव परन्तप। अमानिता नित्यमेव यस्यैते गुरवस्त्रयः ॥१२-१०९-१२॥
naivāyaṃ na paro lokas tasya caiva parantapa| amānitā nityam eva yasyai te guravas trayaḥ ॥12-109-12॥
[न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अयम् (ayam) - this; न (na) - not; परः (paraḥ) - other; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; तस्य (tasya) - of him; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परन्तप (parantapa) - O scorcher of foes; अमानिता (amānitā) - absence of pride; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; एते (ete) - these; गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three;]
(Indeed, for this one, O scorcher of foes, neither this nor the other world exists; for whom these three—absence of pride, always, indeed—are teachers.)
O Parantapa, for the one in whom these three—absence of pride, always, indeed—are teachers, neither this world nor the next exists.
न चास्मिन्न परे लोके यशस्तस्य प्रकाशते। न चान्यदपि कल्याणं पारत्रं समुदाहृतम् ॥१२-१०९-१३॥
na cāsminn pare loke yaśas tasya prakāśate। na cānyad api kalyāṇaṃ pāratraṃ samudāhṛtam ॥12-109-13॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; परे (pare) - in the next; लोके (loke) - world; यशः (yaśas) - fame; तस्य (tasya) - his; प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अन्यद् (anyad) - other; अपि (api) - even; कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - auspicious; पारत्रम् (pāratram) - in the other world; समुदाहृतम् (samudāhṛtam) - is declared;]
(Not and in this in the next world fame his shines. Not and other even auspicious in the other world is declared.)
Neither in this world nor in the next does his fame shine, nor is any other auspiciousness declared for him in the hereafter.
तेभ्य एव तु तत्सर्वं कृत्यया विसृजाम्यहम्। तदासीन्मे शतगुणं सहस्रगुणमेव च ॥ तस्मान्मे सम्प्रकाशन्ते त्रयो लोका युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१०९-१४॥
tebhya eva tu tatsarvaṃ kṛtyayā visṛjāmyaham। tadāsīnme śataguṇaṃ sahasraguṇameva ca ॥ tasmānme samprakāśante trayo lokā yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-109-14॥
[तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; कृत्यया (kṛtyayā) - by action; विसृजामि (visṛjāmi) - I send forth; अहम् (aham) - I; तत् (tat) - that; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; मे (me) - to me; शतगुणं (śataguṇaṃ) - hundredfold; सहस्रगुणम् (sahasraguṇam) - thousandfold; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; मे (me) - to me; सम्प्रकाशन्ते (samprakāśante) - shine forth; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(To them indeed but all that by action I send forth. That was to me hundredfold, thousandfold indeed and. Therefore to me shine forth the three worlds, O Yudhishthira.)
But to them, I send forth all this by action. That returned to me a hundredfold and a thousandfold. Therefore, O Yudhishthira, the three worlds shine forth to me.
दशैव तु सदाचार्यः श्रोत्रियानतिरिच्यते। दशाचार्यानुपाध्याय उपाध्यायान्पिता दश ॥१२-१०९-१५॥
daśaiva tu sadācāryaḥ śrotriyān atiricyate। daśācāryān upādhyāya upādhyāyān pitā daśa ॥12-109-15॥
[दश (daśa) - ten; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; सदाचार्यः (sadācāryaḥ) - good teacher; श्रोत्रियान् (śrotriyān) - Vedic scholars; अतिरिच्यते (atiricyate) - surpasses; दश (daśa) - ten; आचार्यान् (ācāryān) - teachers; उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - sub-teacher; उपाध्यायान् (upādhyāyān) - sub-teachers; पिता (pitā) - father; दश (daśa) - ten;]
(Indeed, ten good teachers surpass one Vedic scholar. Ten teachers are equaled by one sub-teacher, and ten sub-teachers by one father.)
A single good teacher is considered superior to ten Vedic scholars; one sub-teacher is equal to ten teachers, and one father is equal to ten sub-teachers.
पितॄन्दश तु मातैका सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि। गुरुत्वेनाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ॥ गुरुर्गरीयान्पितृतो मातृतश्चेति मे मतिः ॥१२-१०९-१६॥
pitṝn daśa tu mātā ekā sarvāṃ vā pṛthivīm api। gurutvenābhibhavati nāsti mātṛ-samo guruḥ॥ guruḥ garīyān pitṛtaḥ mātṛtaś ca iti me matiḥ॥12-109-16॥
[पितॄन् (pitṝn) - fathers; (plural, accusative) दश (daśa) - ten; तु (tu) - but; माता (mātā) - mother; एका (ekā) - one; सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all; वा (vā) - or; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth; अपि (api) - even; गुरुत्वेन (gurutvena) - by weightiness; by greatness; अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - overcomes; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; मातृसमः (mātṛ-samaḥ) - equal to mother; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; गरीयान् (garīyān) - greater; पितृतः (pitṛtaḥ) - than the father; मातृतः (mātṛtaḥ) - than the mother; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; मे (me) - my; मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion;]
(But one mother, or even the entire earth, surpasses ten fathers by greatness; there is no teacher equal to the mother. The teacher is greater than the father and the mother—thus is my opinion.)
A single mother, or even the whole earth, outweighs ten fathers in greatness; there is no teacher equal to the mother. The teacher is greater than both the father and the mother—this is my belief.
उभौ हि मातापितरौ जन्मनि व्युपयुज्यतः। शरीरमेतौ सृजतः पिता माता च भारत ॥ आचार्यशिष्टा या जातिः सा दिव्या साजरामरा ॥१२-१०९-१७॥
ubhau hi mātāpitarau janmani vyupayujyataḥ। śarīrametau sṛjataḥ pitā mātā ca bhārata ॥ ācāryaśiṣṭā yā jātiḥ sā divyā sājarāmarā ॥12-109-17॥
[उभौ (ubhau) - both; हि (hi) - indeed; मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father; जन्मनि (janmani) - at birth; व्युपयुज्यतः (vyupayujyataḥ) - are employed; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; एतौ (etau) - these two; सृजतः (sṛjataḥ) - create; पिता (pitā) - father; माता (mātā) - mother; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आचार्यशिष्टा (ācāryaśiṣṭā) - taught by the teacher; या (yā) - which; जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth; सा (sā) - that; दिव्या (divyā) - divine; साजरामरा (sājarāmarā) - with mortals and immortals;]
(Both indeed, mother and father, at birth are employed; these two create the body, father and mother, O Bhārata. The birth which is taught by the teacher, that is divine, with mortals and immortals.)
O Bhārata, both mother and father are involved at birth; these two create the body, father and mother. But the birth which is imparted by the teacher is divine, transcending both mortals and immortals.
अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्यपकारिणौ। न संदुष्यति तत्कृत्वा न च ते दूषयन्ति तम् ॥ धर्माय यतमानानां विदुर्देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥१२-१०९-१८॥
avadhyā hi sadā mātā pitā cāpyapakāriṇau। na sanduṣyati tatkṛtvā na ca te dūṣayanti tam ॥ dharmāya yatamānānāṃ vidurdevāḥ saharṣibhiḥ ॥12-109-18॥
[अवध्या (avadhyā) - not to be killed; हि (hi) - indeed; सदा (sadā) - always; माता (mātā) - mother; पिता (pitā) - father; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अपकारिणौ (apakāriṇau) - even if causing harm; न (na) - not; संदुष्यति (sanduṣyati) - becomes tainted; तत् (tat) - that; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; दूषयन्ति (dūṣayanti) - taint; तम् (tam) - him; धर्माय (dharmāya) - for righteousness; यतमानानाम् (yatamānānām) - of those striving; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; सहर्षिभिः (saharṣibhiḥ) - together with the sages;]
(Mother and father are indeed always not to be killed, even if causing harm; one does not become tainted by doing that, nor do they taint him. The gods together with the sages know those striving for righteousness.)
Mother and father are always not to be killed, even if they cause harm; by acting thus, one is not tainted, nor do they taint him. The gods, along with the sages, recognize those who strive for righteousness.
य आवृणोत्यवितथेन कर्णा; वृतं ब्रुवन्नमृतं सम्प्रयच्छन्। तं वै मन्ये पितरं मातरं च; तस्मै न द्रुह्येत्कृतमस्य जानन् ॥१२-१०९-१९॥
ya āvṛṇotyavitathena karṇā; vṛtaṃ bruvannamṛtaṃ samprayacchan. taṃ vai manye pitaraṃ mātaraṃ ca; tasmai na druhyetkṛtamasya jānan ॥12-109-19॥
[य (ya) - who; आवृणोति (āvṛṇoti) - covers; protects; अवितथेन (avitathena) - with truth; not false; कर्णा (karṇā) - ears; वृतं (vṛtam) - truth; vow; ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking; अमृतं (amṛtam) - immortal; nectar; सम्प्रयच्छन् (samprayacchan) - bestowing; giving; तं (tam) - him; वै (vai) - indeed; मnye (manye) - I consider; पितरं (pitaraṃ) - father; मातरं (mātaraṃ) - mother; च (ca) - and; तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; न (na) - not; द्रुह्येत् (druhyet) - should harm; कृतम् (kṛtam) - deed; act; अस्य (asya) - his; जानन् (jānan) - knowing;]
(Who covers (protects) the ears with truth, speaking truth, bestowing immortality; him indeed I consider as father and mother; to him, knowing his deed, one should not harm.)
He who protects the ears with truth, speaks truth, and bestows immortality—I consider him as both father and mother; knowing his deeds, one should never harm such a person.
विद्यां श्रुत्वा ये गुरुं नाद्रियन्ते; प्रत्यासन्नं मनसा कर्मणा वा। यथैव ते गुरुभिर्भावनीया; स्तथा तेषां गुरवोऽप्यर्चनीयाः ॥१२-१०९-२०॥
vidyāṃ śrutvā ye guruṃ nādriyante; pratyāsannaṃ manasā karmaṇā vā। yathaiva te gurubhirbhāvanīyā; stathā teṣāṃ guravo'pyarcanīyāḥ ॥12-109-20॥
[विद्यां (vidyām) - knowledge; (accusative singular of vidyā) श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; (absolutive of śru) ये (ye) - those who; (nominative plural masculine of yaḥ) गुरुं (guruṃ) - teacher; (accusative singular of guru) न (na) - not; आद्रियन्ते (ādriyante) - respect; (3rd person plural present middle of ā-dṛ) प्रत्यासन्नं (pratyāsannam) - near; (accusative singular neuter of pratyāsanna) मनसा (manasā) - with mind; (instrumental singular of manas) कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - with action; (instrumental singular of karma) वा (vā) - or; यथैव (yathaiva) - just as; ते (te) - they; (nominative plural masculine of tad) गुरुभिः (gurubhiḥ) - by teachers; (instrumental plural of guru) भावनीया (bhāvanīyā) - to be regarded; (nominative plural feminine of bhāvanīya) स्तथा (stathā) - so; (corrupt for tathā) तेषां (teṣām) - of them; (genitive plural of tad) गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers; (nominative plural of guru) अपि (api) - also; अर्चनीयाः (arcanīyāḥ) - to be worshipped; (nominative plural masculine of arcanīya);]
(Having heard knowledge, those who do not respect the teacher, whether near with mind or with action, just as they are to be regarded by teachers, so also their teachers are to be worshipped.)
Those who, after hearing knowledge, do not respect their teacher—whether they are near in mind or in action—should be regarded by teachers just as they are; likewise, their teachers also are to be honored.
तस्मात्पूजयितव्याश्च संविभज्याश्च यत्नतः। गुरवोऽर्चयितव्याश्च पुराणं धर्ममिच्छता ॥१२-१०९-२१॥
tasmātpūjayitavyāśca saṃvibhajyāśca yatnataḥ। guravo'rcayitavyāśca purāṇaṃ dharmamicchatā ॥12-109-21॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पूजयितव्याः (pūjayitavyāḥ) - should be worshipped; च (ca) - and; संविभज्याः (saṃvibhajyāḥ) - should be distributed; च (ca) - and; यत्नतः (yatnataḥ) - with effort; गुरवः (guravaḥ) - teachers; अर्चयितव्याः (arcayitavyāḥ) - should be honoured; च (ca) - and; पुराणम् (purāṇam) - the Purāṇa; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; ॥१२-१०९-२१॥ (॥12-109-21॥) -;]
(Therefore, should be worshipped and should be distributed with effort; teachers should be honoured and the Purāṇa by one desiring dharma.)
Therefore, one who desires dharma should worship, honour, and distribute with effort to teachers and the Purāṇa.
येन प्रीताश्च पितरस्तेन प्रीतः पितामहः। प्रीणाति मातरं येन पृथिवी तेन पूजिता ॥१२-१०९-२२॥
yena prītāś ca pitaras tena prītaḥ pitāmahaḥ। prīṇāti mātaraṃ yena pṛthivī tena pūjitā ॥12-109-22॥
[येन (yena) - by whom; प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased; च (ca) - and; पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers; ancestors; तेन (tena) - by him; by that; प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased; पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather; ancestor; प्रीणाति (prīṇāti) - pleases; मातरम् (mātaram) - mother; येन (yena) - by whom; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; तेन (tena) - by him; by that; पूजिता (pūjitā) - is worshipped; is honored;]
(By whom the fathers are pleased, by him the grandfather is pleased. He pleases the mother by whom the earth is worshipped.)
He by whom the ancestors are pleased, by him the grandfather is also pleased. He who pleases the mother, by him the earth is worshipped.
येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायं तेन स्याद्ब्रह्म पूजितम्। मातृतः पितृतश्चैव तस्मात्पूज्यतमो गुरुः ॥ ऋषयश्च हि देवाश्च प्रीयन्ते पितृभिः सह ॥१२-१०९-२३॥
yena prīṇātyupādhyāyaṃ tena syādbrahma pūjitam। mātṛtaḥ pitṛtaścaiva tasmātpūjyatamo guruḥ ॥ ṛṣayaśca hi devāśca prīyante pitṛbhiḥ saha ॥12-109-23॥
[येन (yena) - by whom; प्रीणाति (prīṇāti) - pleases; उपाध्यायं (upādhyāyaṃ) - the teacher; तेन (tena) - by that; स्यात् (syāt) - is; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; पूजितम् (pūjitam) - worshipped; मातृतः (mātṛtaḥ) - more than the mother; पितृतः (pitṛtaḥ) - more than the father; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पूज्यतमः (pūjyatamaḥ) - most worthy of worship; गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages; च (ca) - and; हि (hi) - indeed; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; च (ca) - and; प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - are pleased; पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - with the ancestors; सह (saha) - together; १२-१०९-२३ (12-109-23) - 12-109-23;]
(By whom the teacher is pleased, by that (act) Brahman is worshipped. More than the mother, more than the father, therefore the teacher is most worthy of worship. The sages and indeed the gods are pleased together with the ancestors. "12-109-23")
Whoever pleases the teacher, by that act Brahman is worshipped. The teacher is more worthy of reverence than even the mother and father; therefore, the teacher is the most venerable. The sages and the gods are pleased together with the ancestors. "12-109-23"
न केनचन वृत्तेन ह्यवज्ञेयो गुरुर्भवेत्। न च माता न च पिता तादृशो यादृशो गुरुः ॥१२-१०९-२४॥
na kenacana vṛttena hyavajñeyo gururbhavet। na ca mātā na ca pitā tādṛśo yādṛśo guruḥ ॥12-109-24॥
[न (na) - not; केनचन (kenacana) - by any; by anyone; वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct; by behavior; हि (hi) - indeed; अवज्ञेयः (avajñeyaḥ) - to be disregarded; to be disrespected; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; spiritual preceptor; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; may be; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; माता (mātā) - mother; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; पिता (pitā) - father; तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such; of that kind; यादृशः (yādṛśaḥ) - as; like; of which kind; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; spiritual preceptor;]
(Not by any conduct indeed should the teacher be disregarded; not the mother, not the father, such as is the teacher.)
A teacher should never be disregarded for any reason; neither the mother nor the father is like the teacher.
न तेऽवमानमर्हन्ति न च ते दूषयन्ति तम्। गुरूणामेव सत्कारं विदुर्देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥१२-१०९-२५॥
na te'vamānam arhanti na ca te dūṣayanti tam। gurūṇām eva satkāraṃ vidur devāḥ saharṣibhiḥ ॥12-109-25॥
[न (na) - not; ते (te) - they; अवमानम् (avamānam) - disrespect; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - deserve; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; दूषयन्ति (dūṣayanti) - dishonor; तम् (tam) - him; गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - of teachers; एव (eva) - indeed; सत्कारम् (satkāram) - respect; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; सहर्षिभिः (saharṣibhiḥ) - together with the sages;]
(They do not deserve disrespect, nor do they dishonor him. The gods together with the sages indeed know the respect for teachers.)
They do not deserve disrespect, nor do they dishonor him. The gods together with the sages truly recognize the honor due to teachers.
उपाध्यायं पितरं मातरं च; येऽभिद्रुह्यन्ति मनसा कर्मणा वा। तेषां पापं भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टं; तस्मान्नान्यः पापकृदस्ति लोके ॥१२-१०९-२६॥
upādhyāyaṃ pitaraṃ mātaraṃ ca; ye’bhidruhyanti manasā karmaṇā vā। teṣāṃ pāpaṃ bhrūṇahatyā-viśiṣṭaṃ; tasmān nānyaḥ pāpakṛd asti loke ॥12-109-26॥
[उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the teacher; पितरम् (pitaram) - to the father; मातरम् (mātaram) - to the mother; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; अभिद्रुह्यन्ति (abhidruhyanti) - offend; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; वा (vā) - or; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टम् (bhrūṇahatyā-viśiṣṭam) - equal to the killing of a fetus; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; न (na) - not; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; पापकृत् (pāpakṛt) - doer of sin; अस्ति (asti) - is; लोके (loke) - in the world;]
(To the teacher, to the father, to the mother and—who offend by mind or by action; of them, the sin is equal to the killing of a fetus; therefore, there is no other doer of sin in the world.)
Those who offend their teacher, father, or mother, whether in thought or in action, incur a sin equal to the killing of a fetus; therefore, there is no greater sinner in the world.
मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य स्त्रीघ्नस्य पिशुनस्य च। चतुर्णां वयमेतेषां निष्कृतिं नानुशुश्रुमः ॥१२-१०९-२७॥
mitradruhaḥ kṛtaghnasya strīghnasya piśunasya ca। caturṇāṃ vayam eteṣāṃ niṣkṛtiṃ nānuśuśrumaḥ ॥12-109-27॥
[मित्रद्रुहः (mitradruhaḥ) - friend-harming; कृतघ्नस्य (kṛtaghnasya) - of the ungrateful; स्त्रीघ्नस्य (strīghnasya) - of the woman-slayer; पिशुनस्य (piśunasya) - of the slanderer; च (ca) - and; चतुर्णां (caturṇāṃ) - of the four; वयम् (vayam) - we; एतेषां (eteṣāṃ) - of these; निष्कृतिम् (niṣkṛtim) - atonement; न (na) - not; अनुशुश्रुमः (anuśuśrumaḥ) - have heard;]
(Of the friend-harming, of the ungrateful, of the woman-slayer, and of the slanderer—and of these four, we have not heard of atonement.)
We have not heard of any atonement for these four: one who harms a friend, one who is ungrateful, one who kills a woman, and one who slanders others.
एतत्सर्वमतिदेशेन सृष्टं; यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह लोके। एतच्छ्रेयो नान्यदस्माद्विशिष्टं; सर्वान्धर्माननुसृत्यैतदुक्तम् ॥१२-१०९-२८॥
etatsarvamatideśena sṛṣṭaṃ; yatkartavyaṃ puruṣeṇeha loke। etacchreyo nānyadasmādviśiṣṭaṃ; sarvān dharmān anusṛtyaitaduktam ॥12-109-28॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; अतिदेशेन (atideśena) - by extension; सृष्टं (sṛṣṭam) - created; यत् (yat) - which; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person; इह (iha) - here; लोके (loke) - in the world; एतत् (etat) - this; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the highest good; न (na) - not; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; अस्मात् (asmāt) - than this; विशिष्टं (viśiṣṭam) - superior; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; धर्मान् (dharmān) - dharmas; अनुसृत्य (anusṛtya) - having followed; एतत् (etat) - this; उक्तम् (uktam) - has been said;]
(This all by extension created; which is to be done by a person here in the world. This is the highest good, not other than this superior; having followed all dharmas, this has been said.)
All this has been established by extension as what should be done by a person in this world. This is the highest good; there is nothing superior to this. Having followed all dharmas, this has been declared.
