12.120
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
राजवृत्तान्यनेकानि त्वया प्रोक्तानि भारत। पूर्वैः पूर्वनियुक्तानि राजधर्मार्थवेदिभिः ॥१२-१२०-१॥
rājavṛttānyanekāni tvayā proktāni bhārata। pūrvaiḥ pūrvaniyuktāni rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ ॥12-120-1॥
[राजवृत्तानि (rājavṛttāni) - royal duties; अनेकानि (anekāni) - many; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; प्रोक्तानि (proktāni) - spoken; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the former (ones); पूर्वनियुक्तानि (pūrvaniyuktāni) - previously prescribed; राजधर्मार्थवेदिभिः (rājadharmārthavedibhiḥ) - by those who know the meaning of royal duties;]
(Many royal duties have been spoken by you, O Bhārata. Previously prescribed by the former ones who know the meaning of royal duties.)
O Bhārata, you have described many royal duties, which were previously prescribed by the ancient knowers of royal law.
तदेव विस्तरेणोक्तं पूर्वैर्दृष्टं सतां मतम्। प्रणयं राजधर्माणां प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ ॥१२-१२०-२॥
tadeva vistareṇoktaṃ pūrvairdṛṣṭaṃ satāṃ matam। praṇayaṃ rājadharmāṇāṃ prabrūhi bharatarṣabha ॥12-120-2॥
[तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; उक्तं (uktaṃ) - spoken; पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the former (ones); दृष्टं (dṛṣṭaṃ) - seen; सतां (satām) - of the good (people); मतम् (matam) - opinion; प्रणयम् (praṇayam) - affection; राजधर्माणां (rājadharmāṇāṃ) - of royal duties; प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(That indeed, in detail, spoken by the former (ones), seen, of the good (people), opinion; affection of royal duties declare, O best of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, declare in detail that affection for royal duties which has been spoken of by the former ones and is regarded as the opinion of the virtuous.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said.)
Bhīṣma said.
रक्षणं सर्वभूतानामिति क्षत्रे परं मतम्। तद्यथा रक्षणं कुर्यात्तथा शृणु महीपते ॥१२-१२०-३॥
rakṣaṇaṃ sarvabhūtānāmiti kṣatre paraṃ matam। tadyathā rakṣaṇaṃ kuryāttathā śṛṇu mahīpate ॥12-120-3॥
[रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; इति (iti) - thus; क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - in the kṣatriya order; परम् (param) - supreme; मतम् (matam) - opinion; तत् (tat) - that; यथा (yathā) - as; रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; तथा (tathā) - so; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; महीपते (mahīpate) - O king;]
(Protection of all beings—thus, in the kṣatriya order, is the supreme opinion. That, as protection should be done, so listen, O king.)
The protection of all beings is considered the highest duty in the kṣatriya order. Now, O king, listen as I explain how that protection should be carried out.
यथा बर्हाणि चित्राणि बिभर्ति भुजगाशनः। तथा बहुविधं राजा रूपं कुर्वीत धर्मवित् ॥१२-१२०-४॥
yathā barhāṇi citrāṇi bibharti bhujagāśanaḥ। tathā bahuvidhaṃ rājā rūpaṃ kurvīta dharmavit ॥12-120-4॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; बर्हाणि (barhāṇi) - feathers; चित्राणि (citrāṇi) - variegated; बिभर्ति (bibharti) - bears; भुजगाशनः (bhujagāśanaḥ) - the eater of serpents (garuḍa); तथा (tathā) - so; बहुविधं (bahuvidhaṃ) - of many kinds; राजा (rājā) - king; रूपं (rūpaṃ) - form; कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should assume; धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma;]
(Just as the eater of serpents (Garuḍa) bears variegated feathers, so should the king who knows dharma assume forms of many kinds.)
Just as Garuḍa, the eater of serpents, bears many-colored feathers, so too should a king who knows dharma take on many different forms.
तैक्ष्ण्यं जिह्मत्वमादान्त्यं सत्यमार्जवमेव च। मध्यस्थः सत्त्वमातिष्ठंस्तथा वै सुखमृच्छति ॥१२-१२०-५॥
taikṣṇyaṃ jihmatvamādāntyaṃ satyamārjavameva ca। madhyasthaḥ sattvamātiṣṭhaṃstathā vai sukhamṛcchati ॥12-120-5॥
[तैक्ष्ण्यम् (taikṣṇyam) - sharpness; जिह्मत्वम् (jihmatvam) - crookedness; आदान्त्यम् (ādāntyam) - endurance; सत्य (satya) - truth; मार्जवम् (mārjavam) - straightforwardness; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; मध्यस्थः (madhyasthaḥ) - the neutral one; सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - steadfastness; आतिष्ठन् (ātiṣṭhan) - abiding; तथा (tathā) - thus; वै (vai) - indeed; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - attains;]
(Sharpness, crookedness, endurance, truth, straightforwardness indeed and; the neutral one, steadfastness abiding, thus indeed happiness attains.)
One who is neutral, abiding in steadfastness, attains happiness by possessing sharpness, crookedness, endurance, truth, and straightforwardness.
यस्मिन्नर्थे हितं यत्स्यात्तद्वर्णं रूपमाविशेत्। बहुरूपस्य राज्ञो हि सूक्ष्मोऽप्यर्थो न सीदति ॥१२-१२०-६॥
yasminn arthe hitaṃ yat syāt tad varṇaṃ rūpam āviśet। bahurūpasya rājño hi sūkṣmo'py artho na sīdati ॥12-120-6॥
[यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; अर्थे (arthe) - matter; हितं (hitaṃ) - beneficial; यत् (yat) - which; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; तत् (tat) - that; वर्णं (varṇam) - description; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; आविशेत् (āviśet) - should enter; बहुरूपस्य (bahurūpasya) - of the many-formed; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; हि (hi) - indeed; सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle; अपि (api) - even; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - matter; न (na) - not; सीदति (sīdati) - perishes;]
(In which matter there is benefit, that description, that form should be entered. Of the many-formed king, indeed, even a subtle matter does not perish.)
One should present the form and description in which there is benefit in a matter. For a king of many forms, even a subtle matter does not go unnoticed or perish.
नित्यं रक्षितमन्त्रः स्याद्यथा मूकः शरच्छिखी। श्लक्ष्णाक्षरतनुः श्रीमान्भवेच्छास्त्रविशारदः ॥१२-१२०-७॥
nityaṃ rakṣitamantraḥ syādyathā mūkaḥ śaracchikhī। ślakṣṇākṣaratanuḥ śrīmānbhavecchāstraviśāradaḥ ॥12-120-7॥
[नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; रक्षितमन्त्रः (rakṣitamantraḥ) - one whose mantra is protected; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; यथा (yathā) - just as; मूकः (mūkaḥ) - mute; शरच्छिखी (śaracchikhī) - autumn fire; (i.e., grass fire in autumn) श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa) - smooth; अक्षर (akṣara) - syllable; तनुः (tanuḥ) - body; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - prosperous; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; शास्त्रविशारदः (śāstraviśāradaḥ) - expert in śāstra;]
(Always, one whose mantra is protected should be just as a mute and as an autumn fire; with a smooth-syllabled body, prosperous, may become an expert in śāstra.)
One who always keeps his mantra protected should remain silent like a mute and hidden like an autumn fire; with gentle words, he may become prosperous and an expert in the scriptures.
आपद्द्वारेषु यत्तः स्याज्जलप्रस्रवणेष्विव। शैलवर्षोदकानीव द्विजान्सिद्धान्समाश्रयेत् ॥१२-१२०-८॥
āpaddvāreṣu yattaḥ syāj jalaprasravaṇeṣv iva| śailavarṣodakān iva dvijān siddhān samāśrayet ॥12-120-8॥
[आपद्-द्वारेषु (āpaddvāreṣu) - in the gates of calamity; यत्तः (yattaḥ) - attentive; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; जल-प्रस्रवणेषु (jalaprasravaṇeṣu) - in water streams; इव (iva) - like; शैल-वर्ष-उदकानि (śaila-varṣa-udakāni) - mountain-rain-waters; इव (iva) - like; द्विजान् (dvijān) - the twice-born; सिद्धान् (siddhān) - the perfected ones; समाश्रयेत् (samāśrayet) - should seek refuge;]
(In the gates of calamity, one should be attentive, like in water streams; just as mountain-rain-waters (flow), so should one seek refuge in the twice-born and the perfected ones.)
When faced with calamities, one should be vigilant, and just as waters from mountain rains flow into streams, so too should one seek refuge in the twice-born and the perfected sages.
अर्थकामः शिखां राजा कुर्याद्धर्मध्वजोपमाम्। नित्यमुद्यतदण्डः स्यादाचरेच्चाप्रमादतः ॥ लोके चायव्ययौ दृष्ट्वा वृक्षाद्वृक्षमिवाप्लवन् ॥१२-१२०-९॥
arthakāmaḥ śikhāṃ rājā kuryād dharmadhvajopamām। nityam udyatadaṇḍaḥ syād ācarec cāpramādataḥ॥ loke cāvyayayau dṛṣṭvā vṛkṣād vṛkṣam ivāplavan॥12-120-9॥
[अर्थकामः (arthakāmaḥ) - one who desires wealth; शिखां (śikhām) - crest; राजा (rājā) - king; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make; धर्मध्वजोपमाम् (dharmadhvajopamām) - like the banner of dharma; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; उद्यतदण्डः (udyatadaṇḍaḥ) - with raised staff; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should act; च (ca) - and; अप्रमादतः (apramādataḥ) - without negligence; लोके (loke) - in the world; च (ca) - and; अव्ययौ (avyayayau) - imperishable and perishable; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from tree; वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - to tree; इव (iva) - like; आप्लवन् (āplavan) - leaping;]
(One who desires wealth, the king, should make the crest like the banner of dharma; always with raised staff, he should act without negligence. And in the world, having seen the imperishable and perishable, leaping from tree to tree like (a monkey).)
A king who seeks wealth should make his crest like the banner of dharma; he should always be vigilant and act without negligence. Observing the imperishable and perishable in the world, he should move from one support to another, like leaping from tree to tree.
मृजावान्स्यात्स्वयूथ्येषु भावानि चरणैः क्षिपेत्। जातपक्षः परिस्पन्देद्रक्षेद्वैकल्यमात्मनः ॥१२-१२०-१०॥
mṛjāvān syāt svayūthyeṣu bhāvāni caraṇaiḥ kṣipet. jātapakṣaḥ parispanded rakṣed vaikalyam ātmanaḥ ॥12-120-10॥
[मृजावान् (mṛjāvān) - one who is clean; (having cleansed oneself); स्यात् (syāt) - should be; (let him be); स्वयूथ्येषु (svayūthyeṣu) - among his own group; (in his own herd); भावानि (bhāvāni) - sentiments; (feelings); चरणैः (caraṇaiḥ) - with feet; (by means of feet); क्षिपेत् (kṣipet) - should throw; (should cast); जातपक्षः (jātapakṣaḥ) - one whose wings have grown; (fledged); परिस्पन्देत् (parispandet) - should move about; (should flutter); रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect; (should guard); वैकल्यम् (vaikalyam) - defect; (weakness); आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; (of his own);]
(One who is clean should be among his own group, should cast sentiments with feet. One whose wings have grown should move about, should protect the defect of oneself.)
Let one who is clean remain among his own group, casting away feelings with his feet. When his wings have grown, he should move about and guard against his own weaknesses.
दोषान्विवृणुयाच्छत्रोः परपक्षान्विधूनयेत्। काननेष्विव पुष्पाणि बर्हीवार्थान्समाचरेत् ॥१२-१२०-११॥
doṣān vivṛṇuyāc chatroḥ parapakṣān vidhūnayet kānaneṣv iva puṣpāṇi barhī-vārthān samācaret ॥12-120-11॥
[दोषान् (doṣān) - faults; विवृणुयात् (vivṛṇuyāt) - should expose; छत्रोः (chatroḥ) - of the king; परपक्षान् (parapakṣān) - the opposing sides; विधूनयेत् (vidhūnayet) - should shake off; काननेषु (kānaneṣu) - in forests; इव (iva) - like; पुष्पाणि (puṣpāṇi) - flowers; बर्हीवार्थान् (barhī-vārthān) - for the sake of sacrificial grass; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should collect;]
(He should expose the faults of the king and shake off the opposing sides; like flowers in forests, he should collect those for the sake of sacrificial grass.)
He should reveal the faults of the king and remove the opposition; just as one gathers flowers in the forests for sacrificial grass, so should he collect what is needed.
उच्छ्रितानाश्रयेत्स्फीतान्नरेन्द्रानचलोपमान्। श्रयेच्छायामविज्ञातां गुप्तं शरणमाश्रयेत् ॥१२-१२०-१२॥
ucchritānāśrayetsphītānnarendrānacalopamān। śrayeccchāyāmavijñātāṃ guptaṃ śaraṇamāśrayet ॥12-120-12॥
[उच्छ्रितान् (ucchritān) - exalted; lifted up; आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should seek refuge; स्फीतान् (sphītān) - prosperous; नरेन्द्रान् (narendrān) - kings; अचलोपमान् (acalopamān) - like mountains; श्रयेत् (śrayet) - should seek shelter; छायाम् (chāyām) - shade; अविज्ञाताम् (avijñātām) - unknown; गुप्तम् (guptam) - hidden; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge; आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should seek refuge;]
(One should seek refuge with exalted, prosperous kings who are like mountains; one should seek shelter in unknown shade, and take refuge in a hidden sanctuary.)
One should seek the protection of exalted and prosperous kings who are as steadfast as mountains; one should also seek shelter in unknown shade and take refuge in a hidden sanctuary.
प्रावृषीवासितग्रीवो मज्जेत निशि निर्जने। मायूरेण गुणेनैव स्त्रीभिश्चालक्षितश्चरेत् ॥ न जह्याच्च तनुत्राणं रक्षेदात्मानमात्मना ॥१२-१२०-१३॥
prāvṛṣīvāsitagṛīvo majjeta niśi nirjane। māyūreṇa guṇenaiva strībhiścālakṣitaścaret ॥ na jahyācca tanutrāṇaṃ rakṣedātmānamātmanā ॥12-120-13॥
[प्रावृषी (prāvṛṣī) - in the rainy season; आसित (āsita) - darkened; ग्रीवः (gṛīvaḥ) - neck; मज्जेत् (majjeta) - should immerse; निशि (niśi) - at night; निर्जने (nirjane) - in a deserted place; मायूरेण (māyūreṇa) - with a peacock's feather; गुणेन (guṇena) - with a string; एव (eva) - only; स्त्रीभिः (strībhiḥ) - by women; च (ca) - and; अलक्षितः (alakṣitaḥ) - unnoticed; चरेत् (caret) - should move; न (na) - not; जह्यात् (jahyāt) - should abandon; च (ca) - and; तनुत्राणम् (tanutrāṇam) - protection of the body; रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself;]
(In the rainy season, with a darkened neck, one should immerse (oneself) at night in a deserted place; with a peacock's feather and only with a string, unnoticed by women, one should move. One should not abandon the protection of the body and should protect oneself by oneself.)
During the rainy season, with a darkened neck, one should immerse oneself at night in a deserted place; using only a peacock's feather and a string, and moving about unnoticed by women. One should never abandon bodily protection and must safeguard oneself by one's own means.
चारभूमिष्वभिगमान्पाशांश्च परिवर्जयेत्। पीडयेच्चापि तां भूमिं प्रणश्येद्गहने पुनः ॥१२-१२०-१४॥
cāra-bhūmiṣu abhimān pāśāṃś ca parivarjayet। pīḍayet ca api tām bhūmim praṇaśyet gahane punaḥ ॥12-120-14॥
[चार (cāra) - spy; भूमिषु (bhūmiṣu) - in the regions; अभिगमान् (abhigamān) - approaches; पाशान् (pāśān) - traps; च (ca) - and; परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - should avoid; पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - should torment; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; तां (tām) - that; भूमिं (bhūmim) - region; प्रणश्येत् (praṇaśyet) - should perish; गहने (gahane) - in the thicket; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(One should avoid the approaches of spies and traps in the regions; and should also torment that region, or else it should perish again in the thicket.)
One must avoid the approaches of spies and traps in the regions, and should also torment that region; otherwise, it may perish again in the thicket.
हन्यात्क्रुद्धानतिविषान्ये जिह्मगतयोऽहितान्। नाश्रयेद्बालबर्हाणि सन्निवासानि वासयेत् ॥१२-१२०-१५॥
hanyāt kruddhān ativişān ye jihmagatayaḥ ahitān। nāśrayed bālabarhāṇi sannivāsāni vāsayet ॥12-120-15॥
[हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should slay; क्रुद्धान् (kruddhān) - angry ones; अतिविषान् (ativişān) - excessively poisonous ones; ये (ye) - who; जिह्मगतयः (jihmagatayaḥ) - crooked in conduct; अहितान् (ahitān) - hostile ones; न (na) - not; आश्रयेत् (āśrayed) - should resort to; बालबर्हाणि (bālabarhāṇi) - places with tender shoots; सन्निवासानि (sannivāsāni) - densely inhabited places; वासयेत् (vāsayet) - should dwell; ॥१२-१२०-१५॥ (॥12-120-15॥) - ॥12-120-15॥;]
(Should slay angry ones, excessively poisonous ones, who are crooked in conduct, hostile ones; should not resort to places with tender shoots, should dwell in densely inhabited places.)
One should slay those who are angry, excessively poisonous, crooked in conduct, and hostile; one should not take refuge in places with tender shoots, but should reside in densely inhabited places.
सदा बर्हिनिभः कामं प्रसक्तिकृतमाचरेत्। सर्वतश्चाददेत्प्रज्ञां पतङ्गान्गहनेष्विव ॥ एवं मयूरवद्राजा स्वराष्ट्रं परिपालयेत् ॥१२-१२०-१६॥
sadā barhinibhaḥ kāmaṃ prasaktikṛtam ācaret। sarvataś cādadet prajñāṃ pataṅgān gahaneṣv iva ॥ evaṃ mayūravad rājā svarāṣṭraṃ paripālayet ॥12-120-16॥
[सदा (sadā) - always; बर्हिनिभः (barhinibhaḥ) - like a peacock; कामं (kāmaṃ) - desire; प्रसक्तिकृतम् (prasaktikṛtam) - done with attachment; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should act; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides; च (ca) - and; आददेत् (ādadet) - should take; प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - wisdom; पतङ्गान् (pataṅgān) - insects; गहनेषु (gahaneṣu) - in thickets; इव (iva) - like; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; मयूरवत् (mayūravad) - like a peacock; राजा (rājā) - king; स्वराष्ट्रम् (svarāṣṭram) - his own kingdom; परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - should protect;]
(Always, like a peacock, one should act with desire done with attachment; and from all sides should take wisdom, like insects in thickets. Thus, like a peacock, the king should protect his own kingdom.)
A king should always act with focused desire like a peacock, gathering wisdom from all directions as insects do in thickets. In this way, like a peacock, the king should protect his own kingdom.
आत्मवृद्धिकरीं नीतिं विदधीत विचक्षणः। आत्मसंयमनं बुद्ध्या परबुद्ध्यावतारणम् ॥ बुद्ध्या चात्मगुणप्राप्तिरेतच्छास्त्रनिदर्शनम् ॥१२-१२०-१७॥
ātmavṛddhikarīṃ nītiṃ vidadhīta vicakṣaṇaḥ। ātmasaṃyamanaṃ buddhyā parabuddhyāvatāraṇam ॥ buddhyā cātmaguṇaprāptiretacchāstranidarśanam ॥12-120-17॥
[आत्मवृद्धिकरीं (ātmavṛddhikarīṃ) - causing self-growth; नीतिं (nītiṃ) - conduct; विदधीत (vidadhīta) - should establish; विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - the wise one; आत्मसंयमनं (ātmasaṃyamanaṃ) - self-restraint; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; परबुद्ध्या (parabuddhyā) - by another's intellect; अवतारणम् (avatāraṇam) - bringing down; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; च (ca) - and; आत्मगुणप्राप्तिः (ātmaguṇaprāptiḥ) - attainment of one's own virtues; एतत् (etat) - this; शास्त्रनिदर्शनम् (śāstranidarśanam) - demonstration of the śāstra;]
(The wise one should establish conduct that causes self-growth; self-restraint by intellect, bringing down (controlling) by another's intellect; and by intellect, the attainment of one's own virtues—this is the demonstration of the śāstra.)
A wise person should adopt conduct that leads to self-development; practice self-restraint through intellect, and learn from the wisdom of others. Attaining one's own virtues through intellect is the teaching demonstrated by this śāstra.
परं चाश्वासयेत्साम्ना स्वशक्तिं चोपलक्षयेत्। आत्मनः परिमर्शेन बुद्धिं बुद्ध्या विचारयेत् ॥ सान्त्वयोगमतिः प्राज्ञः कार्याकार्यविचारकः ॥१२-१२०-१८॥
paraṃ cāśvāsayet sāmnā svaśaktiṃ copalakṣayet। ātmanaḥ parimarśena buddhiṃ buddhyā vicārayet॥ sāntvayogamatiḥ prājñaḥ kāryākāryavicārakaḥ॥12-120-18॥
[परम् (param) - the other; च (ca) - and; आश्वासयेत् (āśvāsayet) - should comfort; साम्ना (sāmnā) - with gentle words; स्वशक्तिम् (svaśaktim) - one's own strength; च (ca) - and; उपलक्षयेत् (upalakṣayet) - should observe; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; परिमर्शेन (parimarśena) - by reflection; बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; विचारयेत् (vicārayet) - should consider; सान्त्वयोगमतिः (sāntvayogamatiḥ) - one whose mind is set on conciliation; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - the wise; कार्याकार्यविचारकः (kāryākāryavicārakaḥ) - one who discerns right and wrong;]
(He should comfort the other with gentle words and observe his own strength; by reflection of oneself, one should consider the intellect by intellect. One whose mind is set on conciliation, the wise, is a discerner of right and wrong.)
He should console others with gentle words and assess his own strength; by self-reflection, he should examine his intellect with discernment. The wise, whose mind is inclined toward conciliation, is one who discerns what should and should not be done.
निगूढबुद्धिर्धीरः स्याद्वक्तव्ये वक्ष्यते तथा। संनिकृष्टां कथां प्राज्ञो यदि बुद्ध्या बृहस्पतिः ॥ स्वभावमेष्यते तप्तं कृष्णायसमिवोदके ॥१२-१२०-१९॥
nigūḍhabuddhirdhīraḥ syādvaktavye vakṣyate tathā। saṃnikṛṣṭāṃ kathāṃ prājño yadi buddhyā bṛhaspatiḥ ॥ svabhāvameṣyate taptaṃ kṛṣṇāyasamivodake ॥12-120-19॥
[निगूढबुद्धिः (nigūḍhabuddhiḥ) - with hidden intellect; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise one; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; वक्तव्ये (vaktavye) - in what is to be said; वक्ष्यते (vakṣyate) - is spoken; तथा (tathā) - thus; सन्निकृष्टाम् (saṃnikṛṣṭām) - approached; कथाम् (kathām) - story; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise man; यदि (yadi) - if; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intellect; बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati; स्वभावम् (svabhāvam) - nature; एष्यते (eṣyate) - is attained; तप्तम् (taptam) - heated; कृष्णायसम् (kṛṣṇāyasam) - black iron; इव (iva) - like; उदके (udake) - in water;]
(With hidden intellect, the wise one may be thus in what is to be said, is spoken. The wise man, if approached with intellect, (is) Bṛhaspati. Nature is attained, like heated black iron in water.)
A person of hidden intellect may remain silent when something is to be said, and even if wise as Bṛhaspati, when approached with intelligence, he will act according to his nature, just as heated black iron regains its nature when placed in water.
अनुयुञ्जीत कृत्यानि सर्वाण्येव महीपतिः। आगमैरुपदिष्टानि स्वस्य चैव परस्य च ॥१२-१२०-२०॥
anuyuñjīta kṛtyāni sarvāṇyeva mahīpatiḥ। āgamairupadiṣṭāni svasya caiva parasya ca ॥12-120-20॥
[अनुयुञ्जीत (anuyuñjīta) - should engage; (from anu + yuj, to join, to engage) कृत्यानि (kṛtyāni) - duties; (things to be done) सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; (every) एव (eva) - indeed; (emphasizer) महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king; (lord of the earth) आगमैः (āgamaiḥ) - by scriptures; (by authoritative texts) उपदिष्टानि (upadiṣṭāni) - instructed; (taught, prescribed) स्वस्य (svasya) - of his own; (belonging to oneself) च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परस्य (parasya) - of others; (belonging to another) च (ca) - and;]
(The king should indeed engage in all duties instructed by the scriptures, both his own and those of others.)
The king must perform all duties prescribed by the scriptures, whether they pertain to himself or to others.
क्षुद्रं क्रूरं तथा प्राज्ञं शूरं चार्थविशारदम्। स्वकर्मणि नियुञ्जीत ये चान्ये वचनाधिकाः ॥१२-१२०-२१॥
kṣudraṃ krūraṃ tathā prājñaṃ śūraṃ ca arthaviśāradam। svakarmaṇi niyuñjīta ye ca anye vacanādhikāḥ ॥12-120-21॥
[क्षुद्रं (kṣudram) - mean; petty; क्रूरं (krūram) - cruel; तथा (tathā) - also; likewise; प्राज्ञं (prājñam) - wise; learned; शूरं (śūram) - brave; heroic; च (ca) - and; अर्थविशारदम् (arthaviśāradam) - skilled in wealth; expert in affairs; स्वकर्मणि (svakarmaṇi) - in one's own duty; in one's own work; नियुञ्जीत (niyuñjīta) - should engage; should employ; ये (ye) - those who; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; वचनाधिकाः (vacanādhikāḥ) - those superior in speech; those with authority in words;]
(Mean, cruel, likewise wise, brave and skilled in wealth—one should engage in their own work; and those others who are superior in speech.)
One should assign tasks to the mean, the cruel, the wise, the brave, and those skilled in wealth according to their own duties; and also to others who are superior in speech.
अप्यदृष्ट्वा नियुक्तानि अनुरूपेषु कर्मसु। सर्वांस्ताननुवर्तेत स्वरांस्तन्त्रीरिवायता ॥१२-१२०-२२॥
apyadṛṣṭvā niyuktāni anurūpeṣu karmasu। sarvāṃstānanuvarteta svarāṃstantrīrīvāyatā ॥12-120-22॥
[अपि (api) - even; अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without seeing; नियुक्तानि (niyuktāni) - assigned; अनुरूपेषु (anurūpeṣu) - in appropriate; कर्मसु (karmasu) - actions; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; तान् (tān) - those; अनुवर्तेत (anuvarteta) - should follow; स्वरान् (svarān) - notes; तन्त्रीः (tantrīḥ) - strings; इव (iva) - like; आयता (āyatā) - stretched;]
(Even without seeing the assigned actions in appropriate tasks, one should follow all those, like stretched strings (follow) the notes.)
Even if one does not see the assigned tasks in suitable actions, one should follow all of them, just as stretched strings follow the notes.
धर्माणामविरोधेन सर्वेषां प्रियमाचरेत्। ममायमिति राजा यः स पर्वत इवाचलः ॥१२-१२०-२३॥
dharmāṇām-avirodhena sarveṣāṃ priyam-ācaret। mamāyam-iti rājā yaḥ sa parvata iva-acalaḥ ॥12-120-23॥
[धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of dharmas; of righteous principles; अविरोधेन (avirodhena) - without opposition; without contradiction; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; of everyone; प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing; dear; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice; should perform; मम (mama) - my; of me; अयम् (ayam) - this; this one; इति (iti) - thus; so; राजा (rājā) - king; ruler; यः (yaḥ) - who; he who; सः (saḥ) - he; that one; पर्वत (parvata) - mountain; hill; इव (iva) - like; as if; अचलः (acalaḥ) - immovable; unshakable;]
(One should practice what is pleasing to all without opposition to dharmas. The king who says, "This is mine," is like a mountain, unshakable.)
One should act in a way that pleases everyone, provided it does not contradict dharma. The king who claims, "This is mine," is steadfast like a mountain, unmovable.
व्यवसायं समाधाय सूर्यो रश्मिमिवायताम्। धर्ममेवाभिरक्षेत कृत्वा तुल्ये प्रियाप्रिये ॥१२-१२०-२४॥
vyavasāyaṃ samādhāya sūryo raśmim-ivāyatām। dharmam-evābhirakṣeta kṛtvā tulye priyāpriye ॥12-120-24॥
[व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - resolve; intention; समाधाय (samādhāya) - having established; having set; सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun; रश्मिम् (raśmim) - ray; इव (iva) - like; as; आयताम् (āyatām) - extended; stretched; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; righteousness; एव (eva) - only; indeed; अभिरक्षेत् (abhirakṣet) - should protect; should preserve; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; having considered; तुल्ये (tulye) - equal; in equality; प्रिय (priya) - dear; pleasant; अप्रिय (apriya) - not dear; unpleasant;]
(Having established resolve, like the sun (extends) his ray, one should protect only dharma, having made both the dear and the not dear equal.)
With firm resolve, just as the sun extends its rays, one should uphold dharma alone, treating both what is pleasant and unpleasant equally.
कुलप्रकृतिदेशानां धर्मज्ञान्मृदुभाषिणः। मध्ये वयसि निर्दोषान्हिते युक्ताञ्जितेन्द्रियान् ॥१२-१२०-२५॥
kulaprakṛtideśānāṃ dharmajñānmṛdubhāṣiṇaḥ। madhye vayasi nirdoṣānhite yuktāñjitendriyān ॥12-120-25॥
[कुल (kula) - family; प्रकृति (prakṛti) - nature; देशानाम् (deśānām) - of regions; धर्मज्ञान् (dharmajñān) - knowers of dharma; मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle; भाषिणः (bhāṣiṇaḥ) - speakers; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; वयसि (vayasi) - in age; निर्दोषान् (nirdoṣān) - faultless; हिते (hite) - in welfare; युक्तान् (yuktān) - engaged; जितेन्द्रियान् (jitendriyān) - self-controlled;]
(Of families, natures, and regions, knowers of dharma, gentle speakers, in the middle of age, faultless, engaged in welfare, self-controlled.)
Those who are from good families, of noble nature and region, who know dharma, speak gently, are in their middle age, are faultless, devoted to the welfare of others, and have self-control.
अलुब्धाञ्शिक्षितान्दान्तान्धर्मेषु परिनिष्ठितान्। स्थापयेत्सर्वकार्येषु राजा धर्मार्थरक्षिणः ॥१२-१२०-२६॥
alubdhāñśikṣitāndāntāndharmeṣu pariniṣṭhitān। sthāpayetsarvakāryeṣu rājā dharmārtharakṣiṇaḥ ॥12-120-26॥
[अलुब्धान् (alubdhān) - not-greedy; शिक्षितान् (śikṣitān) - well-trained; दान्तान् (dāntān) - self-controlled; धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in dharmas; परिनिष्ठितान् (pariniṣṭhitān) - well-established; स्थापयेत् (sthāpayet) - should appoint; सर्वकार्येषु (sarvakāryeṣu) - in all affairs; राजा (rājā) - the king; धर्मार्थरक्षिणः (dharmārtharakṣiṇaḥ) - protectors of dharma and artha;]
(The king should appoint those who are not greedy, well-trained, self-controlled, well-established in dharmas, as protectors of dharma and artha in all affairs.)
The king should appoint as protectors of dharma and artha in all affairs those who are not greedy, well-trained, self-controlled, and firmly established in dharma.
एतेनैव प्रकारेण कृत्यानामागतिं गतिम्। युक्तः समनुतिष्ठेत तुष्टश्चारैरुपस्कृतः ॥१२-१२०-२७॥
etenaiva prakāreṇa kṛtyānām āgatiṃ gatim। yuktaḥ samanutiṣṭheta tuṣṭaś cārair upaskṛtaḥ ॥12-120-27॥
[एतेनैव (etenaiva) - by this very; प्रकारेण (prakāreṇa) - by method; कृत्यानाम् (kṛtyānām) - of duties; आगतिम् (āgatim) - arrival; गतिम् (gatim) - departure; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged; समनुतिष्ठेत् (samanutiṣṭheta) - should perform; तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - content; चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies; उपस्कृतः (upaskṛtaḥ) - assisted;]
(By this very method, one engaged should perform the arrival and departure of duties, being content and assisted by spies.)
By this very method, one who is engaged should carry out the arrival and departure of duties, remaining content and aided by spies.
अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्यान्ववेक्षिणः। आत्मप्रत्ययकोशस्य वसुधैव वसुन्धरा ॥१२-१२०-२८॥
amoghakrodhaharṣasya svayaṃ kṛtyānvavekṣiṇaḥ। ātmapratyayakośasya vasudhaiva vasundharā ॥12-120-28॥
[अमोघ (amogha) - unfailing; क्रोध (krodha) - anger; हर्षस्य (harṣasya) - of joy; स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself; कृत्य (kṛtya) - actions; अन्ववेक्षिणः (anvavekṣiṇaḥ) - examining; आत्म (ātma) - self; प्रत्यय (pratyaya) - conviction; कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury; वसुधा (vasudhā) - earth; एव (eva) - indeed; वसुन्धरा (vasundharā) - earth; १२-१२०-२८ (12-120-28) - 12-120-28;]
(Of unfailing anger and joy, oneself examining actions; of the treasury of self-conviction, the earth indeed is Vasundhara.)
He, whose anger and joy are unfailing, who himself examines his actions, for whom the treasury is self-conviction—the earth itself is Vasundhara (the bestower of wealth) for him.
व्यक्तश्चानुग्रहो यस्य यथार्थश्चापि निग्रहः। गुप्तात्मा गुप्तराष्ट्रश्च स राजा राजधर्मवित् ॥१२-१२०-२९॥
vyaktaś cānugraho yasya yathārthaś cāpi nigrahaḥ। guptātmā guptarāṣṭraś ca sa rājā rājadarmavit ॥12-120-29॥
[व्यक्तः (vyaktaḥ) - manifest; visible; च (ca) - and; अनुग्रहः (anugrahaḥ) - favor; kindness; यस्य (yasya) - whose; यथार्थः (yathārthaḥ) - proper; just; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint; control; गुप्तात्मा (guptātmā) - one whose self is protected; गुप्तराष्ट्रः (guptarāṣṭraḥ) - one whose kingdom is protected; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राजधर्मवित् (rājadharmavit) - knower of kingly duties;]
(Manifest and favor whose, proper and also restraint; one whose self is protected, one whose kingdom is protected and he king, knower of kingly duties.)
He whose favor is manifest and whose restraint is proper, who protects himself and his kingdom, he is the king who knows the duties of kings.
नित्यं राष्ट्रमवेक्षेत गोभिः सूर्य इवोत्पतन्। चारांश्च नचरान्विद्यात्तथा बुद्ध्या न सञ्ज्वरेत् ॥१२-१२०-३०॥
nityaṃ rāṣṭram avekṣeta gobhiḥ sūrya iva utpatan। cārān ca na carān vidyāt tathā buddhyā na sañjvaret ॥12-120-30॥
[नित्यं (nityam) - always; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; अवेक्षेत (avekṣeta) - should observe; गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - with rays; सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun; इव (iva) - like; उत्पतन् (utpatan) - rising; चारान् (cārān) - spies; च (ca) - and; नचरान् (na-carān) - non-spies; विज्ञात् (vidyāt) - should know; तथा (tathā) - thus; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; न (na) - not; सञ्ज्वरेत् (sañjvaret) - should be agitated;]
(Always the kingdom should be observed with rays like the sun rising; spies and non-spies should thus be known with intelligence, one should not be agitated.)
One should always observe the kingdom with the thoroughness of the sun rising with its rays; one should discern both spies and non-spies with intelligence, and not become agitated.
कालप्राप्तमुपादद्यान्नार्थं राजा प्रसूचयेत्। अहन्यहनि संदुह्यान्महीं गामिव बुद्धिमान् ॥१२-१२०-३१॥
kālaprāptam-upādad-yān-nārthaṃ rājā prasūcayet। ahany-ahani sanduhyān-mahīṃ gām-iva buddhimān ॥12-120-31॥
[कालप्राप्तम् (kālaprāptam) - that which is obtained in due time; उपादद्यात् (upādad-yāt) - should take up; न (na) - not; अर्थम् (artham) - for wealth; राजा (rājā) - the king; प्रसूचयेत् (prasūcayet) - should announce; अहन्यहनि (ahany-ahani) - day by day; संदुह्यन् (sanduhyan) - milking (extracting); महीम् (mahīm) - the earth; गाम् (gām) - a cow; इव (iva) - like; बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - the wise one;]
(The king should take up what is obtained in due time, not for wealth, and should announce it. Day by day, the wise one should milk the earth like a cow.)
The king should accept what comes at the proper time, not out of greed for wealth, and should make it known. Every day, the wise ruler should draw resources from the earth as a wise man milks a cow.
यथा क्रमेण पुष्पेभ्यश्चिनोति मधु षट्पदः। तथा द्रव्यमुपादाय राजा कुर्वीत सञ्चयम् ॥१२-१२०-३२॥
yathā krameṇa puṣpebhyaś cinoti madhu ṣaṭpadaḥ। tathā dravyam upādāya rājā kurvīta sañcayam ॥12-120-32॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in order; sequentially; पुष्पेभ्यः (puṣpebhyaḥ) - from flowers; चिनोति (cinoti) - gathers; collects; मधु (madhu) - honey; षट्पदः (ṣaṭpadaḥ) - bee; six-footed one; तथा (tathā) - so; in the same way; द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth; substance; उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken; having collected; राजा (rājā) - king; कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should do; should make; सञ्चयम् (sañcayam) - accumulation; collection;]
(Just as the bee gathers honey from flowers in order, so the king, having taken wealth, should make accumulation.)
Just as a bee collects honey from flowers in sequence, so should a king accumulate wealth methodically.
यद्धि गुप्तावशिष्टं स्यात्तद्धितं धर्मकामयोः। सञ्चयानुविसर्गी स्याद्राजा शास्त्रविदात्मवान् ॥१२-१२०-३३॥
yaddhi guptāvaśiṣṭaṃ syāttaddhitaṃ dharmakāmayoḥ। sañcayānuvisargī syādrājā śāstravidātmavān ॥12-120-33॥
[यत् (yat) - which; हि (hi) - indeed; गुप्त (gupta) - protected; अवशिष्टं (avaśiṣṭaṃ) - remaining; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; तत् (tat) - that; हितं (hitaṃ) - beneficial; धर्मकामयोः (dharmakāmayoḥ) - for dharma and kāma; सञ्चय (sañcaya) - accumulation; अनुविसर्गी (anuvisargī) - one who distributes; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; राजा (rājā) - the king; शास्त्रविद् (śāstravid) - knower of śāstra; आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - self-possessed;]
(Which indeed, whatever protected and remaining would be, that is beneficial for dharma and kāma; the king, a knower of śāstra and self-possessed, should be one who accumulates and distributes.)
Whatever remains protected is beneficial for dharma and kāma; the king, who is learned in śāstra and self-controlled, should accumulate and distribute (wealth or resources).
नाल्पमर्थं परिभवेन्नावमन्येत शात्रवान्। बुद्ध्यावबुध्येदात्मानं न चाबुद्धिषु विश्वसेत् ॥१२-१२०-३४॥
nālpamarthaṃ paribhaven nāvamanyeta śātravān। buddhyāvabudhyed ātmānaṃ na cābuddhiṣu viśvaset॥12-120-34॥
[न (na) - not; अल्पम् (alpam) - small; अर्थम् (artham) - wealth; परिभवेत् (paribhavet) - should despise; न (na) - not; अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should disregard; शात्रवान् (śātravān) - enemies; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; अवबुध्येत् (avabudhyet) - should discern; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अबुद्धिषु (abuddhiṣu) - in the unintelligent; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust;]
(One should not despise small wealth, nor disregard enemies. With intelligence, one should discern oneself, and should not trust the unintelligent.)
Do not despise small wealth, nor underestimate enemies. Using intelligence, discern yourself, and never trust the unintelligent.
धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं संयमो बुद्धिरग्र्या; धैर्यं शौर्यं देशकालोऽप्रमादः। स्वल्पस्य वा महतो वापि वृद्धौ; धनस्यैतान्यष्ट समिन्धनानि ॥१२-१२०-३५॥
dhṛtir dākṣyaṃ saṃyamo buddhir agryā; dhairyaṃ śauryaṃ deśa-kālo'pramādaḥ। svalpasya vā mahato vāpi vṛddhau; dhanasya etāni aṣṭa samindhanāni॥12-120-35॥
[धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness; दाक्ष्यम् (dākṣyam) - dexterity; संयमः (saṃyamaḥ) - self-restraint; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence; अग्र्या (agryā) - excellent; धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - patience; शौर्यम् (śauryam) - valor; देशः (deśaḥ) - place; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; अप्रमादः (apramādaḥ) - non-negligence; स्वल्पस्य (svalpasya) - of little; वा (vā) - or; महतः (mahataḥ) - of great; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - in increase; धनस्य (dhanasya) - of wealth; एतानि (etāni) - these; अष्ट (aṣṭa) - eight; समिन्धनानि (samindhanāni) - causes of increase;]
(Steadfastness, dexterity, self-restraint, excellent intelligence, patience, valor, place, time, non-negligence; in the increase of wealth, whether little or great, these eight are the causes of increase.)
Steadfastness, dexterity, self-control, superior intelligence, patience, valor, the right place and time, and vigilance—these eight are the causes for the increase of wealth, whether it is small or great.
अग्निस्तोको वर्धते ह्याज्यसिक्तो; बीजं चैकं बहुसाहस्रमेति। क्षयोदयौ विपुलौ संनिशाम्य; तस्मादल्पं नावमन्येत विद्वान् ॥१२-१२०-३६॥
agnistoko vardhate hyājyasikto; bījaṃ caikaṃ bahusāhasrameti. kṣayodayau vipulau saṃniśāmya; tasmād-alpaṃ nāvamanyeta vidvān ॥12-120-36॥
[अग्नि (agni) - fire; स्तोको (stoka) - small quantity; वर्धते (vardhate) - grows; हि (hi) - indeed; आज्यसिक्तो (ājyasikta) - when sprinkled with ghee; बीजं (bījam) - seed; च (ca) - and; एकं (ekaṃ) - one; बहु (bahu) - many; साहस्रं (sāhasram) - thousands; एति (eti) - attains; क्षय (kṣaya) - decline; उदयौ (udayau) - and rise; विपुलौ (vipulau) - both vast; संनिशाम्य (saṃniśāmya) - having observed; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; अल्पं (alpaṃ) - small; न (na) - not; अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should despise; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise;]
(Fire in a small quantity indeed grows when sprinkled with ghee; and one seed attains many thousands. Having observed both the vast decline and rise, therefore, the wise should not despise the small.)
Even a small fire grows when fed with ghee; a single seed can yield thousands. Observing that both decline and growth can be immense, the wise should never look down upon what is small.
बालोऽबालः स्थविरो वा रिपुर्यः; सदा प्रमत्तं पुरुषं निहन्यात्। कालेनान्यस्तस्य मूलं हरेत; कालज्ञाता पार्थिवानां वरिष्ठः ॥१२-१२०-३७॥
bālo'bālaḥ sthaviro vā ripur yaḥ; sadā pramattaṃ puruṣaṃ nihanyāt. kālenānyas tasya mūlaṃ haret; kālajñātā pārthivānāṃ variṣṭhaḥ ॥12-120-37॥
[बालः (bālaḥ) - child; अबालः (abālaḥ) - not a child; स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - old man; वा (vā) - or; रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy; यः (yaḥ) - who; सदा (sadā) - always; प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - negligent; पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man; निहन्यात् (nihanyāt) - should slay; कालेन (kālena) - by time; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; तस्य (tasya) - his; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; हरेत् (haret) - should take away; कालज्ञाता (kālajñātā) - knower of time; पार्थिवानाम् (pārthivānām) - of kings; वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost;]
(A child, not a child, an old man, or whoever is an enemy; he should always slay a negligent man. By time, another should take away his root; the knower of time is the foremost among kings.)
Whether a child, not a child, an old man, or an enemy—whoever it is, should always destroy a negligent man. In time, another will uproot him; the one who knows the right time is the best among kings.
हरेत्कीर्तिं धर्ममस्योपरुन्ध्या; दर्थे दीर्घं वीर्यमस्योपहन्यात्। रिपुर्द्वेष्टा दुर्बलो वा बली वा; तस्माच्छत्रौ नैव हेडेद्यतात्मा ॥१२-१२०-३८॥
haretkīrtiṃ dharmamasyo parundhyā; darthe dīrghaṃ vīryamasyo pahan-yāt. ripur dveṣṭā durbalo vā balī vā; tasmāc chatrau naiva heḍed yatātmā ॥12-120-38॥
[हरेत् (haret) - should take away; कीर्तिं (kīrtiṃ) - fame; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; अस्य (asya) - of him; उपरुन्ध्या (uparundhyā) - should obstruct; दर्थे (darthe) - for the sake of wealth; दीर्घं (dīrghaṃ) - long; वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength; अस्य (asya) - of him; उपहन्यात् (upahan-yāt) - should destroy; रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy; द्वेष्टा (dveṣṭā) - hater; दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak; वा (vā) - or; बली (balī) - strong; वा (vā) - or; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; शत्रौ (śatrau) - towards the enemy; नैव (naiva) - never; हेडेत् (heḍet) - should insult; यतात्मा (yatātmā) - one who is self-controlled;]
(Should take away fame, should obstruct his righteousness; for the sake of wealth, should destroy his long strength. Enemy, hater, whether weak or strong; therefore, towards the enemy, one who is self-controlled should never insult.)
One should take away the enemy's fame, obstruct his righteousness, and destroy his enduring strength for the sake of wealth. Whether the enemy is a hater, weak or strong, therefore, a self-controlled person should never insult the enemy.
क्षयं शत्रोः सञ्चयं पालनं चा; प्युभौ चार्थौ सहितौ धर्मकामौ। अतश्चान्यन्मतिमान्संदधीत; तस्माद्राजा बुद्धिमन्तं श्रयेत ॥१२-१२०-३९॥
kṣayaṃ śatroḥ sañcayaṃ pālanaṃ cā; pyubhau cārthau sahitau dharmakāmau. ataścānyanmatimān saṃdadhīta; tasmādrājā buddhimantaṃ śrayeta ॥12-120-39॥
[क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction; शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of the enemy; सञ्चयम् (sañcayam) - accumulation; पालनम् (pālanam) - protection; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उभौ (ubhau) - both; च (ca) - and; अर्थौ (arthau) - objects (wealth and desire); सहितौ (sahitau) - together; धर्मकामौ (dharmakāmau) - righteousness and desire; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; च (ca) - and; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; मतिमान् (matimān) - wise person; संदधीत (saṃdadhīta) - should arrange; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजा (rājā) - king; बुद्धिमन्तम् (buddhimantam) - intelligent person; श्रयेत् (śrayet) - should resort to;]
(Destruction of the enemy, accumulation and protection also; both objects, together righteousness and desire. Therefore, the wise person should arrange for something else; therefore, the king should resort to an intelligent person.)
Destruction of the enemy, accumulation and protection, and both wealth and desire together with righteousness—therefore, a wise person should make other arrangements; thus, a king should rely on an intelligent advisor.
बुद्धिर्दीप्ता बलवन्तं हिनस्ति; बलं बुद्ध्या वर्धते पाल्यमानम्। शत्रुर्बुद्ध्या सीदते वर्धमानो; बुद्धेः पश्चात्कर्म यत्तत्प्रशस्तम् ॥१२-१२०-४०॥
buddhirdīptā balavantaṃ hinasti; balaṃ buddhyā vardhate pālyamānam. śatrurbuddhyā sīdate vardhamāno; buddheḥ paścātkarma yattatpraśastam ॥12-120-40॥
[बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; दीप्ता (dīptā) - illuminated; बलवन्तम् (balavantam) - the powerful; हिनस्ति (hinasti) - destroys; बलम् (balam) - strength; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; वर्धते (vardhate) - increases; पाल्यमानम् (pālyamānam) - being protected; शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; सीदते (sīdate) - sinks; वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - growing; बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of intellect; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; कर्म (karma) - action; यत् (yat) - which; तत् (tat) - that; प्रशस्तम् (praśastam) - praiseworthy;]
(Intellect illuminated destroys the powerful; strength increases by intellect when protected. The enemy, though growing, sinks by intellect; the action which is after intellect, that is praiseworthy.)
An illuminated intellect destroys even the powerful; strength, when protected by intellect, increases. An enemy, though growing, is brought low by intellect; whatever action is performed after due deliberation is praiseworthy.
सर्वान्कामान्कामयानो हि धीरः; सत्त्वेनाल्पेनाप्लुते हीनदेहः। यथात्मानं प्रार्थयतेऽर्थमानैः; श्रेयःपात्रं पूरयते ह्यनल्पम् ॥१२-१२०-४१॥
sarvān kāmān kāmayāno hi dhīraḥ; sattvena alpena āplute hīna-dehaḥ. yathā ātmānam prārthayate arthamānaiḥ; śreyaḥ-pātram pūrayate hi analpam. 12-120-41
[सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; (accusative plural) कामान् (kāmān) - desires; (accusative plural) कामयानः (kāmayānaḥ) - desiring; (nominative singular masculine) हि (hi) - indeed; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise man; (nominative singular masculine) सत्त्वेन (sattvena) - by strength; by courage; अल्पेन (alpena) - by little; by small (amount); आप्लुते (āplute) - immersed; (locative singular) हीनदेहः (hīna-dehaḥ) - one with inferior body; (nominative singular masculine) यथा (yathā) - just as; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self; (accusative singular) प्रार्थयते (prārthayate) - desires; seeks; (3rd person singular present) अर्थमानैः (arthamānaiḥ) - with means; with wealth; (instrumental plural) श्रेयःपात्रम् (śreyaḥ-pātram) - vessel of excellence; receptacle of good; (accusative singular neuter) पूरयते (pūrayate) - fills; (3rd person singular present) हि (hi) - indeed; अनल्पम् (analpam) - not little; abundant; (accusative singular neuter);]
(Indeed, the wise man desiring all desires, with little strength, immersed, having an inferior body; just as he seeks the self with means, he fills the vessel of excellence with what is not little (abundance).)
The wise man, though desiring all desires, with little strength and an inferior body, just as he seeks his own self with means, indeed fills the vessel of excellence with abundance.
तस्माद्राजा प्रगृहीतः परेषु; मूलं लक्ष्म्याः सर्वतोऽभ्याददीत। दीर्घं कालमपि सम्पीड्यमानो; विद्युत्सम्पातमिव मानोर्जितः स्यात् ॥१२-१२०-४२॥
tasmādrājā pragṛhītaḥ pareṣu; mūlaṃ lakṣmyāḥ sarvato'bhyādadīta. dīrghaṃ kālamapi sampīḍyamāno; vidyutsampātamiva mānorjitaḥ syāt ॥12-120-42॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रगृहीतः (pragṛhītaḥ) - seized; परेषु (pareṣu) - by others; मूलं (mūlam) - root (wealth); लक्ष्म्याः (lakṣmyāḥ) - of fortune; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides; अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should take; दीर्घं (dīrgham) - long; कालम् (kālam) - time; अपि (api) - even; सम्पीड्यमानः (sampīḍyamānaḥ) - being oppressed; विद्युत् (vidyut) - lightning; सम्पातम् (sampātam) - fall; इव (iva) - like; मानः (mānaḥ) - pride; उर्जितः (urjitaḥ) - strengthened; स्यात् (syāt) - should be;]
(Therefore, the king, being seized by others, should take the root of fortune from all sides. Even when oppressed for a long time, his pride should be strengthened like the fall of lightning.)
Therefore, a king, when seized by others, should secure the sources of wealth from all directions. Even if oppressed for a long time, his pride should be as forceful as a lightning strike.
विद्या तपो वा विपुलं धनं वा; सर्वमेतद्व्यवसायेन शक्यम्। ब्रह्म यत्तं निवसति देहवत्सु; तस्माद्विद्याद्व्यवसायं प्रभूतम् ॥१२-१२०-४३॥
vidyā tapo vā vipulaṃ dhanaṃ vā; sarvam etad vyavasāyena śakyam। brahma yat taṃ nivasati dehavatsu; tasmād vidyād vyavasāyaṃ prabhūtam ॥12-120-43॥
[विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; वा (vā) - or; विपुलम् (vipulam) - abundant; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; वा (vā) - or; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; एतत् (etat) - this; व्यवसायेन (vyavasāyena) - by effort; शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; यत् (yat) - which; तं (taṃ) - that; निवसति (nivasati) - dwells; देहवत्सु (dehavatsu) - in embodied beings; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know; व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - effort; प्रभूतम् (prabhūtam) - supreme; १२-१२०-४३ (12-120-43) - 12-120-43;]
(Knowledge, austerity or abundant wealth— all this is possible by effort. Brahman, which dwells in embodied beings; therefore, one should know effort as supreme.)
Whether it is knowledge, austerity, or abundant wealth, all of these are attainable through effort. Brahman dwells in embodied beings; therefore, one should recognize effort as supreme.
यत्रासते मतिमन्तो मनस्विनः; शक्रो विष्णुर्यत्र सरस्वती च। वसन्ति भूतानि च यत्र नित्यं; तस्माद्विद्वान्नावमन्येत देहम् ॥१२-१२०-४४॥
yatrāsate matimanto manasvinaḥ; śakro viṣṇuryatra sarasvatī ca। vasanti bhūtāni ca yatra nityaṃ; tasmādvidvānnāvamanyeta deham ॥12-120-44॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; आसते (āsate) - sit; मतिमन्तः (matimantaḥ) - the intelligent ones; मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - the high-minded ones; शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; यत्र (yatra) - where; सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī; च (ca) - and; वसन्ति (vasanti) - dwell; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; च (ca) - and; यत्र (yatra) - where; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise one; न (na) - not; अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should despise; देहम् (deham) - the body;]
(Where sit the intelligent, the high-minded; where Indra, Viṣṇu, and Sarasvatī are; where beings always dwell; therefore, the wise one should not despise the body.)
Where the intelligent and high-minded reside, where Indra, Viṣṇu, and Sarasvatī are present, and where beings always dwell—therefore, the wise should not despise the body.
लुब्धं हन्यात्सम्प्रदानेन नित्यं; लुब्धस्तृप्तिं परवित्तस्य नैति। सर्वो लुब्धः कर्मगुणोपभोगे; योऽर्थैर्हीनो धर्मकामौ जहाति ॥१२-१२०-४५॥
lubdhaṃ hanyātsampradānena nityaṃ; lubdhas tṛptiṃ paravittasya naiti. sarvo lubdhaḥ karmaguṇopabhoge; yo'rthair hīno dharmakāmau jahāti ॥12-120-45॥
[लुब्धं (lubdham) - the greedy one; हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should destroy; सम्प्रदानेन (sampradānena) - by giving; नित्यं (nityam) - always; लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - the greedy one; तृप्तिं (tṛptim) - satisfaction; परवित्तस्य (paravittasya) - of another's wealth; न (na) - not; एति (eti) - attains; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - everyone; लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy; कर्मगुणोपभोगे (karmaguṇopabhoge) - in the enjoyment of the qualities of actions; यः (yaḥ) - who; अर्थैः (arthaiḥ) - by means of wealth; हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived; धर्मकामौ (dharmakāmau) - righteousness and desire; जहाति (jahāti) - abandons;]
(The greedy one should always be destroyed by giving; the greedy one does not attain satisfaction from another's wealth. Everyone is greedy in the enjoyment of the qualities of actions; he who is deprived of wealth abandons righteousness and desire.)
One should always overcome greed by generosity; a greedy person is never satisfied with the wealth of others. All are greedy in the enjoyment of the fruits of action; one who lacks wealth abandons both righteousness and desire.
धनं भोज्यं पुत्रदारं समृद्धिं; सर्वो लुब्धः प्रार्थयते परेषाम्। लुब्धे दोषाः सम्भवन्तीह सर्वे; तस्माद्राजा न प्रगृह्णीत लुब्धान् ॥१२-१२०-४६॥
dhanaṃ bhojyaṃ putradāraṃ samṛddhiṃ; sarvo lubdhaḥ prārthayate pareṣām। lubdhe doṣāḥ sambhavantīha sarve; tasmādrājā na pragṛhṇīta lubdhān ॥12-120-46॥
[धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; भोज्यं (bhojyaṃ) - food; पुत्रदारं (putradāraṃ) - sons and wives; समृद्धिं (samṛddhiṃ) - prosperity; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - everyone; लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy; प्रार्थयते (prārthayate) - desires; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; लुब्धे (lubdhe) - in the greedy; दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults; सम्भवन्ति (sambhavanti) - arise; इह (iha) - here; सर्वे (sarve) - all; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजा (rājā) - the king; न (na) - not; प्रगृह्णीत (pragṛhṇīta) - should accept; लुब्धान् (lubdhān) - the greedy;]
(Wealth, food, sons and wives, prosperity; everyone greedy desires of others. In the greedy, faults arise here, all; therefore, the king should not accept the greedy.)
Everyone greedy desires the wealth, food, sons, wives, and prosperity of others. All faults arise in the greedy; therefore, the king should not accept greedy people.
संदर्शने सत्पुरुषं जघन्यमपि चोदयेत्। आरम्भान्द्विषतां प्राज्ञः सर्वानर्थांस्तु सूदयेत् ॥१२-१२०-४७॥
sandarśane satpuruṣaṃ jaghanyam api codayet। ārambhān dviṣatāṃ prājñaḥ sarvānarthāṃs tu sūdayet ॥12-120-47॥
[संदर्शने (sandarśane) - in the presence; सत्पुरुषं (satpuruṣam) - a noble person; जघन्यम् (jaghanyam) - the lowest; अपि (api) - even; चोदयेत् (codayet) - should urge; आरम्भान् (ārambhān) - undertakings; द्विषतां (dviṣatām) - of enemies; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - the wise; सर्वानर्थान् (sarvānarthān) - all calamities; तु (tu) - but; सूदयेत् (sūdayet) - should destroy;]
(In the presence, a noble person should even urge the lowest; the wise should destroy all calamities but the undertakings of enemies.)
In the presence of a noble person, even the lowest should be encouraged; but the wise should destroy all the undertakings of enemies and all calamities.
धर्मान्वितेषु विज्ञातो मन्त्री गुप्तश्च पाण्डव। आप्तो राजन्कुलीनश्च पर्याप्तो राज्यसङ्ग्रहे ॥१२-१२०-४८॥
dharmānviteṣu vijñāto mantrī guptaś ca pāṇḍava। āpto rājan kulīnaś ca paryāpto rājyasaṅgrahe ॥12-120-48॥
[धर्मान्वितेषु (dharmānviteṣu) - in those endowed with dharma; विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - well-known; मन्त्री (mantrī) - counselor; गुप्तः (guptaḥ) - secret; च (ca) - and; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; आप्तः (āptaḥ) - trusted; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कुलीनः (kulīnaḥ) - of noble family; च (ca) - and; पर्याप्तः (paryāptaḥ) - sufficient; राज्यसङ्ग्रहे (rājyasaṅgrahe) - in the administration of the kingdom;]
(Among those endowed with dharma, a well-known counselor, secret and, O Pāṇḍava, trusted, O king, of noble family and sufficient in the administration of the kingdom.)
O Pāṇḍava, a counselor who is well-known among the righteous, secretive, trustworthy, of noble lineage, and sufficient for the administration of the kingdom is suitable.
विधिप्रवृत्तान्नरदेवधर्मा; नुक्तान्समासेन निबोध बुद्ध्या। इमान्विदध्याद्व्यनुसृत्य यो वै; राजा महीं पालयितुं स शक्तः ॥१२-१२०-४९॥
vidhipravṛttān naradeva-dharmāḥ; nuktān samāsena nibodha buddhyā। imān vidadhyād vyanusṛtya yaḥ vai; rājā mahīṃ pālayituṃ sa śaktaḥ ॥12-120-49॥
[विधिप्रवृत्तान् (vidhipravṛttān) - set in motion by rule; नरदेवधर्माः (naradeva-dharmāḥ) - duties of the king; नुक्तान् (nuktān) - stated; समासेन (samāsena) - in summary; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intellect; इमान् (imān) - these; विदध्यात् (vidadhyāt) - should perform; व्यनुसृत्य (vyanusṛtya) - having followed; यः (yaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; राजा (rājā) - king; महीं (mahīm) - earth; पालयितुम् (pālayitum) - to protect; स (sa) - he; शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable;]
(The duties of kings set in motion by rule, stated in summary, understand with intellect. He who, indeed, having followed these, should perform (them), that king is capable to protect the earth.)
Understand, with intellect, the kingly duties established by rule, which are stated here in summary. The king who, having followed these, performs them, is truly capable of protecting the earth.
अनीतिजं यद्यविधानजं सुखं; हठप्रणीतं विविधं प्रदृश्यते। न विद्यते तस्य गतिर्महीपते; र्न विद्यते राष्ट्रजमुत्तमं सुखम् ॥१२-१२०-५०॥
anītijaṃ yadyavidhānajaṃ sukhaṃ; haṭhapraṇītaṃ vividhaṃ pradṛśyate। na vidyate tasya gatirmahīpate; na vidyate rāṣṭrajamuttamaṃ sukham ॥12-120-50॥
[अनीतिजं (anītijaṃ) - born of injustice; यद् (yad) - which; अविधानजं (avidhānajaṃ) - arising from disorder; सुखं (sukhaṃ) - happiness; हठप्रणीतं (haṭhapraṇītaṃ) - brought about by force; विविधं (vividhaṃ) - various; प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is seen; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; तस्य (tasya) - of that; गतिः (gatiḥ) - progress; महीपते (mahīpate) - O king; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; राष्ट्रजम् (rāṣṭrajam) - born of the kingdom; उत्तमं (uttamaṃ) - excellent; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]
(Happiness which is born of injustice or arises from disorder, brought about by force, is seen in various forms. O king, for that there is no progress; nor does excellent happiness born of the kingdom exist.)
Happiness arising from injustice or disorder, achieved by force, appears in many forms. O king, such happiness has no lasting progress, nor does true happiness for the kingdom arise from it.
धनैर्विशिष्टान्मतिशीलपूजिता; न्गुणोपपन्नान्युधि दृष्टविक्रमान्। गुणेषु दृष्टानचिरादिहात्मवा; न्सतोऽभिसन्धाय निहन्ति शात्रवान् ॥१२-१२०-५१॥
dhanair-viśiṣṭān-mati-śīla-pūjitān; guṇopapannān-yudhi dṛṣṭa-vikramān। guṇeṣu dṛṣṭān-acirād-iha-ātmavān; sataḥ abhisandhāya nihanti śātravān ॥12-120-51॥
[धनैः (dhanair) - by wealth; विशिष्टान् (viśiṣṭān) - distinguished; मतिशीलपूजितान् (mati-śīla-pūjitān) - respected for intellect and character; गुणोपपन्नान् (guṇopapannān) - endowed with virtues; युधि (yudhi) - in battle; दृष्टविक्रमान् (dṛṣṭa-vikramān) - of manifest valor; गुणेषु (guṇeṣu) - in virtues; दृष्टान् (dṛṣṭān) - those who are seen; अचिरात् (acirāt) - soon; इह (iha) - here; आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - the self-possessed; सतः (sataḥ) - of the good; अभिसन्धाय (abhisandhāya) - having aimed at; निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys; शात्रवान् (śātravān) - enemies;]
(Those distinguished by wealth, respected for intellect and character, endowed with virtues, and of manifest valor in battle—those seen here soon in virtues, the self-possessed, having aimed at the good, destroys enemies.)
One who is self-possessed, having recognized those distinguished by wealth, intellect, character, virtues, and valor in battle, and having discerned the virtuous here, soon destroys his enemies by aiming at the good.
पश्येदुपायान्विविधैः क्रियापथै; र्न चानुपायेन मतिं निवेशयेत्। श्रियं विशिष्टां विपुलं यशो धनं; न दोषदर्शी पुरुषः समश्नुते ॥१२-१२०-५२॥
paśyed upāyān vividhaiḥ kriyāpathaiḥ; na ca anupāyena matiṃ niveśayet। śriyaṃ viśiṣṭāṃ vipulaṃ yaśo dhanaṃ; na doṣadarśī puruṣaḥ samaśnute॥12-120-52॥
[पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see; उपायान् (upāyān) - means; विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - various; क्रियापथैः (kriyāpathaiḥ) - by courses of action; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अनुपायेन (anupāyena) - by improper means; मतिम् (matim) - mind; निवेशयेत् (niveśayet) - should direct; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; विशिष्टाम् (viśiṣṭām) - distinguished; विपुलम् (vipulam) - abundant; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; न (na) - not; दोषदर्शी (doṣadarśī) - fault-seeing; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; समश्नुते (samaśnute) - attains;]
(One should see means by various courses of action; and should not direct the mind by improper means. Prosperity, distinguished, abundant, fame, wealth; a fault-seeing person does not attain.)
One should consider various means and methods of action, but should not direct the mind towards improper means. A person who is always fault-finding does not attain distinguished prosperity, abundant fame, or wealth.
प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ विनिवर्तने तथा; सुहृत्सु विज्ञाय निवृत्य चोभयोः। यदेव मित्रं गुरुभारमावहे; त्तदेव सुस्निग्धमुदाहरेद्बुधः ॥१२-१२०-५३॥
prītipravṛttau vinivartane tathā; suhṛtsu vijñāya nivṛtya cobhayoḥ। yadeva mitraṃ gurubhāram āvahe; tadeva susnigdham udāhared budhaḥ ॥12-120-53॥
[प्रीति (prīti) - affection; प्रवृत्तौ (pravṛttau) - in the arising; विनिवर्तने (vinivartane) - in the withdrawal; तथा (tathā) - likewise; सुहृत्सु (suhṛtsu) - among friends; विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having discerned; निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having withdrawn; च (ca) - and; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both; यत् (yat) - which; एव (eva) - indeed; मित्रं (mitraṃ) - friend; गुरु (guru) - heavy; भारम् (bhāram) - burden; आवहे (āvahe) - bears; तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - indeed; सुस्निग्धम् (susnigdham) - very affectionate; उदाहरेत् (udāharet) - should be called; बुधः (budhaḥ) - the wise;]
(In the arising of affection and in its withdrawal likewise, among friends, having discerned and having withdrawn from both, which friend indeed bears a heavy burden, that indeed the wise should call very affectionate.)
When affection arises or withdraws, one should discern among friends and withdraw from both. That friend who indeed bears a heavy burden should be called truly affectionate by the wise.
एतान्मयोक्तांस्तव राजधर्मा; न्नृणां च गुप्तौ मतिमादधत्स्व। अवाप्स्यसे पुण्यफलं सुखेन; सर्वो हि लोकोत्तमधर्ममूलः ॥१२-१२०-५४॥
etān mayoktāṁs tava rājadarmā; n nṛṇāṁ ca guptau matim ādadhatsva। avāpsyase puṇyaphalaṁ sukhena; sarvo hi lokottamadharmamūlaḥ ॥12-120-54॥
[एतान् (etān) - these; मया (mayā) - by me; उक्तान् (uktān) - spoken; तव (tava) - to you; राजधर्मान् (rājadharmān) - royal duties; नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men; च (ca) - and; गुप्तौ (guptau) - in protection; मतिम् (matim) - mind; आदधत्स्व (ādadhatsva) - apply; अवाप्स्यसे (avāpsyase) - you will obtain; पुण्यफलं (puṇyaphalaṁ) - meritorious fruit; सुखेन (sukhena) - with happiness; सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all; हि (hi) - indeed; लोक (loka) - world; उत्तमधर्ममूलः (uttamadharmamūlaḥ) - rooted in supreme dharma;]
(These royal duties spoken by me to you, apply your mind to the protection of men. You will obtain the meritorious fruit with happiness; for all the world is indeed rooted in supreme dharma.)
Apply your mind to the royal duties I have spoken to you, especially in the protection of people. By doing so, you will happily obtain the fruit of merit, for the entire world is indeed founded upon the highest dharma.
