12.162
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ कुरूणां कीर्तिवर्धन। प्रश्नं कञ्चित्प्रवक्ष्यामि तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१२-१६२-१॥
pitāmaha mahāprājña kurūṇāṃ kīrtivardhana। praśnaṃ kañcit pravakṣyāmi tan me vyākhyātum arhasi ॥12-162-1॥
[पितामह (pitāmaha) - grandfather; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - great-wise; कुरूणां (kurūṇāṃ) - of the Kurus; कीर्तिवर्धन (kīrtivardhana) - one who increases fame; प्रश्नं (praśnam) - question; कञ्चित् (kañcit) - some; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will ask; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are worthy;]
(Grandfather, great-wise, of the Kurus, one who increases fame, a question some I will ask, that to me to explain you are worthy.)
O grandfather, greatly wise and enhancer of the Kurus' fame, I wish to ask you a certain question; please explain that to me.
कीदृशा मानवाः सौम्याः कैः प्रीतिः परमा भवेत्। आयत्यां च तदात्वे च के क्षमास्तान्वदस्व मे ॥१२-१६२-२॥
kīdṛśā mānavāḥ saumyāḥ kaiḥ prītiḥ paramā bhavet। āyatyāṃ ca tadātve ca ke kṣamāstānvadasva me ॥12-162-2॥
[कीदृशाः (kīdṛśāḥ) - of what kind; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; सौम्याः (saumyāḥ) - gentle ones; कैः (kaiḥ) - by whom; प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - affection; परमा (paramā) - supreme; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; आयत्याम् (āyatyām) - in the future; च (ca) - and; तदात्वे (tadātve) - at that time; च (ca) - and; के (ke) - who; क्षमाः (kṣamāḥ) - forgiving ones; तान् (tān) - them; वदस्व (vadasva) - tell; मे (me) - to me;]
(Of what kind are the humans, O gentle one, by whom supreme affection may be? In the future and at that time, who are the forgiving ones? Tell me of them.)
O gentle one, what kind of humans are there by whom supreme affection may arise? In the future and at that time, who are the forgiving ones? Please tell me about them.
न हि तत्र धनं स्फीतं न च सम्बन्धिबान्धवाः। तिष्ठन्ति यत्र सुहृदस्तिष्ठन्तीति मतिर्मम ॥१२-१६२-३॥
na hi tatra dhanaṃ sphītaṃ na ca sambandhibāndhavāḥ। tiṣṭhanti yatra suhṛdastiṣṭhantīti matirmama ॥12-162-3॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; तत्र (tatra) - there; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; स्फीतं (sphītaṃ) - abundant; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सम्बन्धि (sambandhi) - relatives; बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - kinsmen; तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - remain; यत्र (yatra) - where; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - remain; इति (iti) - thus; मतिः (matiḥ) - thought; मम (mama) - my;]
(Not indeed there wealth abundant, not and relatives kinsmen; remain where friends remain thus thought my.)
It is my belief that neither abundant wealth nor relatives and kinsmen remain there, but only friends remain.
दुर्लभो हि सुहृच्छ्रोता दुर्लभश्च हितः सुहृत्। एतद्धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ सर्वं व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१२-१६२-४॥
durlabho hi suhṛcchrotā durlabhaśca hitaḥ suhṛt। etaddharmabhṛtāṃ śreṣṭha sarvaṃ vyākhyātumarhasi ॥12-162-4॥
[दुर्लभः (durlabhaḥ) - difficult to obtain; हि (hi) - indeed; सुहृत्-श्रोता (suhṛt-śrotā) - a friend-listener; दुर्लभः (durlabhaḥ) - difficult to obtain; च (ca) - and; हितः (hitaḥ) - beneficial; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend; एतत् (etat) - this; धर्म-भृताम् (dharma-bhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma; श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are worthy; ॥१२-१६२-४॥ (॥12-162-4॥) - (verse number);]
(Difficult to obtain indeed is a friend-listener; and difficult to obtain is a beneficial friend. This, O best of the upholders of dharma, all you are worthy to explain.)
Indeed, it is rare to find a friend who listens, and equally rare to find a friend who gives beneficial advice. O best among the upholders of dharma, you are worthy to explain all this.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
सन्धेयान्पुरुषान्राजन्नसन्धेयांश्च तत्त्वतः। वदतो मे निबोध त्वं निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१६२-५॥
sandheyān puruṣān rājan asandheyāṁś ca tattvataḥ। vadato me nibodha tvaṁ nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-162-5॥
[सन्धेयान् (sandheyān) - to be conciliated; (those who can be made allies); पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men; persons; राजन् (rājan) - O king; असन्धेयांश् (asandheyāṁś) - not to be conciliated; (those who cannot be made allies); च (ca) - and; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly; in reality; वदतः (vadataḥ) - speaking; saying; मे (me) - to me; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; know; त्वम् (tvam) - you; निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely; wholly; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(O king, understand from me completely and truly the men to be conciliated and those not to be conciliated, O Yudhishthira, as I speak.)
O king Yudhishthira, listen as I tell you fully and truly about the men who should be conciliated and those who should not.
लुब्धः क्रूरस्त्यक्तधर्मा निकृतः शठ एव च। क्षुद्रः पापसमाचारः सर्वशङ्की तथालसः ॥१२-१६२-६॥
lubdhaḥ krūrastyaktadharmā nikṛtaḥ śaṭha eva ca। kṣudraḥ pāpasamācāraḥ sarvaśaṅkī tathālasaḥ ॥12-162-6॥
[लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy; क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel; त्यक्तधर्मा (tyaktadharmā) - abandoned-dharma; निकृतः (nikṛtaḥ) - deceitful; शठः (śaṭhaḥ) - wicked; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; क्षुद्रः (kṣudraḥ) - petty; पापसमाचारः (pāpasamācāraḥ) - evil-conducted; सर्वशङ्की (sarvaśaṅkī) - suspicious-of-all; तथा (tathā) - also; अलसः (alasaḥ) - lazy;]
(Greedy, cruel, one who has abandoned dharma, deceitful, wicked indeed and; petty, evil-conducted, suspicious of all, also lazy.)
He is greedy, cruel, has abandoned righteousness, deceitful, truly wicked and; petty, of evil conduct, suspicious of everyone, and also lazy.
दीर्घसूत्रोऽनृजुः कष्टो गुरुदारप्रधर्षकः। व्यसने यः परित्यागी दुरात्मा निरपत्रपः ॥१२-१६२-७॥
dīrghasūtro'nṛjuḥ kaṣṭo gurudārapradharṣakaḥ। vyasane yaḥ parityāgī durātmā nirapatrapaḥ॥12-162-7॥
[दीर्घसूत्रः (dīrghasūtraḥ) - one who delays; (lit. long-threaded); अनृजुः (anṛjuḥ) - not straightforward; crooked; (a- not, ṛjuḥ straight); कष्टः (kaṣṭaḥ) - difficult; troublesome; गुरुदारप्रधर्षकः (gurudārapradharṣakaḥ) - violator of teacher's wife; (guru teacher, dāra wife, pradharṣakaḥ violator); व्यासने (vyasane) - in adversity; यः (yaḥ) - who; परित्यागी (parityāgī) - abandoner; deserter; (pari- completely, tyāgī one who abandons); दुरात्मा (durātmā) - wicked-souled; evil-minded; (dus- bad, ātmā soul); निरपत्रपः (nirapatrapaḥ) - shameless; (nir- without, apatrāpaḥ shame);]
(One who delays, is crooked, troublesome, violator of teacher's wife, who in adversity is a deserter, wicked-souled, shameless.)
A person who procrastinates, is dishonest, troublesome, violates the teacher's wife, deserts others in adversity, is wicked-minded and shameless.
सर्वतः पापदर्शी च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः। सम्प्रकीर्णेन्द्रियो लोके यः कामनिरतश्चरेत् ॥१२-१६२-८॥
sarvataḥ pāpadarśī ca nāstiko vedanindakāḥ। samprakīrṇendriyo loke yaḥ kāmanirataś caret ॥12-162-8॥
[सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides; पापदर्शी (pāpadarśī) - one who sees evil; च (ca) - and; नास्तिकः (nāstikaḥ) - atheist; वेदनिन्दकः (vedanindakāḥ) - reviler of the Vedas; सम्प्रकीर्णेन्द्रियः (samprakīrṇendriyaḥ) - whose senses are scattered; लोके (loke) - in the world; यः (yaḥ) - who; कामनिरतः (kāmanirataḥ) - engaged in desires; चरेत् (caret) - acts;]
(From all sides one who sees evil and is an atheist, a reviler of the Vedas, whose senses are scattered in the world, who acts engaged in desires.)
One who always sees evil everywhere, is an atheist, reviles the Vedas, whose senses are scattered in the world, and who acts only to fulfill desires.
असत्यो लोकविद्विष्टः समये चानवस्थितः। पिशुनोऽथाकृतप्रज्ञो मत्सरी पापनिश्चयः ॥१२-१६२-९॥
asatyo lokavidviṣṭaḥ samaye cānavasthitaḥ। piśuno'thākṛtaprajño matsarī pāpaniścayaḥ ॥12-162-9॥
[असत्यः (asatyaḥ) - untruthful; लोकविद्विष्टः (lokavidviṣṭaḥ) - hated by people; समये (samaye) - at the right time; च (ca) - and; अनवस्थितः (anavasthitaḥ) - unstable; पिशुनः (piśunaḥ) - slanderer; अथ (atha) - and; अकृतप्रज्ञः (akṛtaprajñaḥ) - lacking discernment; मत्सरी (matsarī) - envious; पापनिश्चयः (pāpaniścayaḥ) - resolved to evil;]
(Untruthful, hated by people, unstable at the right time, slanderer, and lacking discernment, envious, resolved to evil.)
One who is untruthful, hated by people, unstable in timely matters, slanderous, lacking discernment, envious, and intent on evil.
दुःशीलोऽथाकृतात्मा च नृशंसः कितवस्तथा। मित्रैरर्थकृती नित्यमिच्छत्यर्थपरश्च यः ॥१२-१६२-१०॥
duḥśīlo'thākṛtātmā ca nṛśaṃsaḥ kitavastathā| mitrairarthakṛtī nityamicchatyarthaparaśca yaḥ॥12-162-10॥
[दुःशीलः (duḥśīlaḥ) - of bad character; अथ (atha) - and then; अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - undisciplined in self; च (ca) - and; नृशंसः (nṛśaṃsaḥ) - cruel; कितवः (kitavaḥ) - deceitful; तथा (tathā) - likewise; मित्रैः (mitraiḥ) - by friends; अर्थकृती (arthakṛtī) - one who acts for gain; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; इच्छति (icchati) - desires; अर्थपरः (arthaparaḥ) - one whose focus is wealth; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who;]
(One of bad character, and then undisciplined in self, and cruel, deceitful likewise, by friends one who acts for gain, always desires, and one whose focus is wealth, who.)
He who is of bad character, undisciplined, cruel, deceitful, who always seeks gain from friends and is ever intent on wealth.
वहतश्च यथाशक्ति यो न तुष्यति मन्दधीः। अमित्रमिव यो भुङ्क्ते सदा मित्रं नरर्षभ ॥१२-१६२-११॥
vahataś ca yathāśakti yo na tuṣyati mandadhīḥ। amitram iva yo bhuṅkte sadā mitraṃ nararṣabha ॥12-162-11॥
[वहतः (vahataḥ) - bearing; carrying; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - according to; as per; शक्ति (śakti) - ability; power; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is satisfied; is content; मन्दधीः (mandadhīḥ) - dull-witted; slow-minded; अमित्रम् (amitram) - enemy; इव (iva) - like; as if; यः (yaḥ) - who; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; consumes; सदा (sadā) - always; मित्रम् (mitram) - friend; नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - bull among men; best of men;]
(And he who, bearing according to ability, is not satisfied, dull-witted, who enjoys a friend always like (he would) an enemy, O bull among men.)
O best of men, one who, though bearing according to his ability, is never content and always treats a friend as if he were an enemy, is dull-witted.
अस्थानक्रोधनो यश्च अकस्माच्च विरज्यते। सुहृदश्चैव कल्याणानाशु त्यजति किल्बिषी ॥१२-१६२-१२॥
asthānakrodhano yaśca akasmācca virajyate। suhṛdaścaiva kalyāṇānaśu tyajati kilbiṣī ॥12-162-12॥
[अस्थान (asthāna) - improper place; improper situation; क्रोधनः (krodhanaḥ) - one who becomes angry; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - suddenly; without reason; च (ca) - and; विरज्यते (virajyate) - withdraws; becomes averse; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; well-wishers; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; only; कल्याणान् (kalyāṇān) - good things; auspicious things; आशु (āśu) - quickly; त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons; gives up; किल्बिषी (kilbiṣī) - sinful; one who is sinful;]
(One who becomes angry in improper situations and who suddenly withdraws, and who quickly abandons friends and good things, is sinful.)
He who becomes angry without cause, suddenly withdraws, and quickly abandons friends and good things, is indeed sinful.
अल्पेऽप्यपकृते मूढस्तथाज्ञानात्कृतेऽपि च। कार्योपसेवी मित्रेषु मित्रद्वेषी नराधिप ॥१२-१६२-१३॥
alpe'pyapakṛte mūḍhastathājñānātkṛte'pi ca। kāryopasevī mitreṣu mitradveṣī narādhipa ॥12-162-13॥
[अल्पे (alpe) - in a small (matter); अपि (api) - even; अपकृते (apakṛte) - when wronged; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - a fool; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; कृते (kṛte) - when done; अपि (api) - even; च (ca) - and; कार्योपसेवी (kāryopasevī) - one who serves his own interest; मित्रेषु (mitreṣu) - among friends; मित्रद्वेषी (mitradveṣī) - one who hates friends; नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king;]
(Even in a small wrong, a fool, likewise from ignorance, even when done, and one who serves his own interest, among friends, one who hates friends, king.)
A king who, even for a small wrong, out of ignorance, acts against friends, serves only his own interests, and hates his friends, is a fool.
शत्रुर्मित्रमुखो यश्च जिह्मप्रेक्षी विलोभनः। न रज्यति च कल्याणे यस्त्यजेत्तादृशं नरम् ॥१२-१६२-१४॥
śatrurmitramukho yaśca jihmaprekṣī vilobhanaḥ। na rajyati ca kalyāṇe yastyajettādṛśaṃ naram ॥12-162-14॥
[शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy; मित्रमुखः (mitramukhaḥ) - with the face of a friend; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; जिह्मप्रेक्षी (jihmaprekṣī) - one who looks askance; विलोभनः (vilobhanaḥ) - deceitful; न (na) - not; रज्यति (rajyati) - delights; च (ca) - and; कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in good (things); यः (yaḥ) - who; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon; तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a (person); नरम् (naram) - man;]
(An enemy with the face of a friend, who looks askance, deceitful, who does not delight in good things, and who—such a man should be abandoned.)
One should abandon a man who is an enemy in the guise of a friend, who looks askance, is deceitful, and does not take delight in good things.
पानपो द्वेषणः क्रूरो निर्घृणः परुषस्तथा। परोपतापी मित्रध्रुक्तथा प्राणिवधे रतः ॥१२-१६२-१५॥
pānapo dveṣaṇaḥ krūro nirghṛṇaḥ paruṣastathā। paropatāpī mitradhṛktathā prāṇivadhe rataḥ ॥12-162-15॥
[पानपः (pānapaḥ) - drinker (of alcohol); द्वेषणः (dveṣaṇaḥ) - hateful; क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel; निर्घृणः (nirghṛṇaḥ) - merciless; परुषः (paruṣaḥ) - harsh; तथा (tathā) - also; परोपतापी (paropatāpī) - one who harms others; मित्रधृक् (mitradhṛk) - betrayer of friends; तथा (tathā) - also; प्राणिवधे (prāṇivadhe) - in killing living beings; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged;]
(A drinker (of alcohol), hateful, cruel, merciless, harsh also, one who harms others, betrayer of friends also, engaged in killing living beings.)
A person who drinks, is hateful, cruel, merciless, harsh, harms others, betrays friends, and delights in killing living beings.
कृतघ्नश्चाधमो लोके न सन्धेयः कथञ्चन। छिद्रान्वेषी न सन्धेयः सन्धेयानपि मे शृणु ॥१२-१६२-१६॥
kṛtaghnaś cādhamaḥ loke na sandheyaḥ kathañcana। chidra-anveṣī na sandheyaḥ sandheyān api me śṛṇu ॥12-162-16॥
[कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful person; च (ca) - and; अधमः (adhamaḥ) - lowest person; लोके (loke) - in the world; न (na) - not; सन्धेयः (sandheyaḥ) - to be trusted; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way; छिद्र (chidra) - fault; अन्वेषी (anveṣī) - seeker; न (na) - not; सन्धेयः (sandheyaḥ) - to be trusted; सन्धेयान् (sandheyān) - those to be trusted; अपि (api) - even; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(Ungrateful person and lowest person in the world are not to be trusted in any way. Fault-seeker is not to be trusted. Even those to be trusted, hear from me.)
An ungrateful person and the lowest person in the world should never be trusted. A fault-finder should not be trusted. Listen to me about even those who are considered trustworthy.
कुलीना वाक्यसम्पन्ना ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदाः। मित्रज्ञाश्च कृतज्ञाश्च सर्वज्ञाः शोकवर्जिताः ॥१२-१६२-१७॥
kulīnā vākyasampannā jñānavijñānakovidāḥ। mitrajñāś ca kṛtajñāś ca sarvajñāḥ śokavarjitāḥ ॥12-162-17॥
[कुलीना (kulīnā) - of noble lineage; वाक्यसम्पन्ना (vākyasampannā) - endowed with eloquence; ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदाः (jñānavijñānakovidāḥ) - skilled in knowledge and wisdom; मित्रज्ञाः (mitrajñāḥ) - knowers of friendship; च (ca) - and; कृतज्ञाः (kṛtajñāḥ) - grateful; च (ca) - and; सर्वज्ञाः (sarvajñāḥ) - all-knowing; शोकवर्जिताः (śokavarjitāḥ) - free from sorrow;]
(Of noble lineage, endowed with eloquence, skilled in knowledge and wisdom, knowers of friendship and grateful, all-knowing, free from sorrow.)
They are of noble birth, eloquent, skilled in knowledge and wisdom, understanding friendship, grateful, all-knowing, and free from sorrow.
माधुर्यगुणसम्पन्नाः सत्यसन्धा जितेन्द्रियाः। व्यायामशीलाः सततं भृतपुत्राः कुलोद्गताः ॥१२-१६२-१८॥
mādhuryaguṇasampannāḥ satyasandhā jitendriyāḥ। vyāyāmaśīlāḥ satataṃ bhṛtaputrāḥ kulodgatāḥ ॥12-162-18॥
[माधुर्य (mādhurya) - sweetness; गुण (guṇa) - quality; सम्पन्नाः (sampannāḥ) - endowed with; सत्यसन्धा (satyasandhā) - truthful; जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - having conquered the senses; व्यायामशीलाः (vyāyāmaśīlāḥ) - habitually practicing exercise; सततं (satataṃ) - always; भृतपुत्राः (bhṛtaputrāḥ) - having nourished sons; कुलोद्गताः (kulodgatāḥ) - born in a noble family;]
(Endowed with the quality of sweetness, truthful, having conquered the senses, habitually practicing exercise, always, having nourished sons, born in a noble family.)
They are endowed with the quality of sweetness, truthful, self-controlled, habitually exercising, always caring for their sons, and born in a noble family.
रूपवन्तो गुणोपेतास्तथालुब्धा जितश्रमाः। दोषैर्वियुक्ताः प्रथितैस्ते ग्राह्याः पार्थिवेन ह ॥१२-१६२-१९॥
rūpavanto guṇopetās tathālubdhā jitaśramāḥ। doṣair viyuktāḥ prathitais te grāhyāḥ pārthivena ha ॥12-162-19॥
[रूपवन्तः (rūpavantaḥ) - possessed of beauty; गुण-उपेताः (guṇa-upetāḥ) - endowed with virtues; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अलुब्धाः (alubdhāḥ) - not greedy; जित-श्रमाः (jita-śramāḥ) - who have conquered fatigue; दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults; वियुक्ताः (viyuktāḥ) - devoid; प्रथितैः (prathitaiḥ) - well-known; ते (te) - they; ग्राह्याः (grāhyāḥ) - should be accepted; पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by the king; ह (ha) - indeed;]
(Those possessed of beauty, endowed with virtues, likewise not greedy, who have conquered fatigue, devoid of faults, well-known—those should indeed be accepted by the king.)
The king should accept those who are beautiful, virtuous, not greedy, have conquered fatigue, are free from faults, and are well-known.
यथाशक्तिसमाचाराः सन्तस्तुष्यन्ति हि प्रभो। नास्थाने क्रोधवन्तश्च न चाकस्माद्विरागिणः ॥१२-१६२-२०॥
yathāśaktisamācārāḥ santastuṣyanti hi prabho। nāsthāne krodhavantaśca na cākasmādvirāgiṇaḥ ॥12-162-20॥
[यथा-शक्ति-समाचाराः (yathā-śakti-samācārāḥ) - as-capacity-conduct; सन्तः (santaḥ) - good men; तुष्यन्ति (tuṣyanti) - are satisfied; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord; न (na) - not; अस्थाने (asthāne) - in improper place; क्रोधवन्तः (krodhavantaḥ) - those possessing anger; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; आकस्मात् (ākasmāt) - suddenly; विरागिणः (virāgiṇaḥ) - those who are dispassionate;]
(As per capacity conduct good men are satisfied indeed O lord; not in improper place those possessing anger and not and suddenly those who are dispassionate;)
O lord, good men are satisfied with conduct according to their capacity; they are not angry without cause, nor do they become dispassionate suddenly.
विरक्ताश्च न रुष्यन्ति मनसाप्यर्थकोविदाः। आत्मानं पीडयित्वापि सुहृत्कार्यपरायणाः ॥ न विरज्यन्ति मित्रेभ्यो वासो रक्तमिवाविकम् ॥१२-१६२-२१॥
viraktāś ca na ruṣyanti manasāpy arthakovidāḥ। ātmānaṃ pīḍayitvāpi suhṛtkāryaparāyaṇāḥ॥ na virajyanti mitrebhyo vāso raktam ivāvikam॥12-162-21॥
[विरक्ताः (viraktāḥ) - dispassionate ones; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; रुष्यन्ति (ruṣyanti) - become angry; मनसा (manasā) - in mind; अपि (api) - even; अर्थकोविदाः (arthakovidāḥ) - those skilled in meaning; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself; पीडयित्वा (pīḍayitvā) - having afflicted; अपि (api) - even; सुहृत्कार्यपरायणाः (suhṛtkāryaparāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to the welfare of friends; न (na) - not; विरज्यन्ति (virajyanti) - turn away; मित्रेभ्यः (mitrebhyaḥ) - from friends; वासः (vāsaḥ) - garment; रक्तम् (raktam) - dyed; इव (iva) - like; अविकम् (avikam) - wool; ॥१२-१६२-२१॥ (12-162-21) - (verse number);]
(Dispassionate ones and those skilled in meaning do not become angry even in mind; even having afflicted themselves, they are devoted to the welfare of friends. They do not turn away from friends, like a garment dyed in wool.)
Dispassionate and wise people do not get angry even in their minds; even if they have to trouble themselves, they remain devoted to the welfare of friends. They do not abandon their friends, just as a garment dyed in wool does not lose its color.
दोषांश्च लोभमोहादीनर्थेषु युवतिष्वथ। न दर्शयन्ति सुहृदां विश्वस्ता बन्धुवत्सलाः ॥१२-१६२-२२॥
doṣāṃś ca lobha-mohādīn artheṣu yuvatiṣv atha। na darśayanti suhṛdāṃ viśvastā bandhuvatsalāḥ ॥12-162-22॥
[दोषान् (doṣān) - faults; च (ca) - and; लोभ-मोह-आदीन् (lobha-moha-ādīn) - greed, delusion, and the like; अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - in matters; युवतिषु (yuvatiṣu) - in young women; अथ (atha) - then; न (na) - not; दर्शयन्ति (darśayanti) - show; सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of friends; विश्वस्ताः (viśvastāḥ) - trusted; बन्धु-वात्सलाः (bandhu-vatsalāḥ) - affectionate to relatives;]
(Faults and greed, delusion, and the like in matters concerning young women, then, are not shown by those trusted and affectionate to relatives among friends.)
Those who are trusted and affectionate to relatives among friends do not reveal the faults, greed, or delusions in matters concerning young women.
लोष्टकाञ्चनतुल्यार्थाः सुहृत्स्वशठबुद्धयः। ये चरन्त्यनभीमाना निसृष्टार्थविभूषणाः ॥ सङ्गृह्णन्तः परिजनं स्वाम्यर्थपरमाः सदा ॥१२-१६२-२३॥
loṣṭakāñcanatulyārthāḥ suhṛtsvaśaṭhabuddhayaḥ। ye carantyanabhīmānā nisṛṣṭārthavibhūṣaṇāḥ॥ saṅgṛhṇantaḥ parijanaṃ svāmyarthaparamāḥ sadā॥12-162-23॥
[लोष्ट (loṣṭa) - clod; lump of earth; काञ्चन (kāñcana) - gold; तुल्य (tulya) - equal; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - regarding value; meaning; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend; स्व (sva) - own; शठ (śaṭha) - wicked; deceitful; बुद्धयः (buddhayaḥ) - minds; intellects; ये (ye) - those who; चरन्ति (caranti) - move; act; अनभीमानाः (anabhīmānāḥ) - without pride; निसृष्ट (nisṛṣṭa) - abandoned; given up; अर्थ (artha) - wealth; object; विभूषणाः (vibhūṣaṇāḥ) - ornaments; सङ्गृह्णन्तः (saṅgṛhṇantaḥ) - gathering; collecting; परिजनं (parijanaṃ) - attendants; followers; स्वाम्यर्थ (svāmyartha) - for the sake of the master; परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme; highest; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(Those whose minds regard a clod and gold as equal in value, who are friendly or deceitful in intellect, who act without pride, who have abandoned the ornaments of wealth, always gathering attendants for the sake of the master, are supreme.)
Those who consider a lump of earth and gold as equal, whose minds are friendly or cunning, who act without pride, who have given up the ornaments of wealth, and who always gather followers for the sake of their master, are the highest.
ईदृशैः पुरुषश्रेष्ठैः सन्धिं यः कुरुते नृपः। तस्य विस्तीर्यते राष्ट्रं ज्योत्स्ना ग्रहपतेरिव ॥१२-१६२-२४॥
īdṛśaiḥ puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ sandhiṃ yaḥ kurute nṛpaḥ। tasya vistīryate rāṣṭraṃ jyotsnā grahapteriva ॥12-162-24॥
[ईदृशैः (īdṛśaiḥ) - by such; (ones) like these; पुरुषश्रेष्ठैः (puruṣaśreṣṭhaiḥ) - by excellent men; by foremost men; सन्धिं (sandhiṃ) - alliance; union; यः (yaḥ) - who; (he) who; कुरुते (kurute) - makes; does; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; तस्य (tasya) - his; of him; विस्तीर्यते (vistīryate) - is expanded; is spread; राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭraṃ) - kingdom; realm; ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) - moonlight; ग्रहपतेः (grahapter) - of the lord of planets; of the moon; इव (iva) - like; as if;]
(By such excellent men, the king who makes alliance—his kingdom is expanded like the moonlight of the lord of planets.)
When a king forms alliances with such excellent men, his kingdom expands like the moonlight of the lord of planets (the moon).
शास्त्रनित्या जितक्रोधा बलवन्तो रणप्रियाः। क्षान्ताः शीलगुणोपेताः सन्धेयाः पुरुषोत्तमाः ॥१२-१६२-२५॥
śāstranityā jitakrodhā balavanto raṇapriyāḥ। kṣāntāḥ śīlaguṇopetāḥ sandheyāḥ puruṣottamāḥ ॥12-162-25॥
[शास्त्रनित्या (śāstranityā) - always devoted to śāstra; जितक्रोधा (jitakrodhā) - those who have conquered anger; बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - strong; रणप्रियाः (raṇapriyāḥ) - fond of battle; क्षान्ताः (kṣāntāḥ) - forbearing; शीलगुणोपेताः (śīlaguṇopetāḥ) - endowed with virtues of character; सन्धेयाः (sandheyāḥ) - fit to be allied with; पुरुषोत्तमाः (puruṣottamāḥ) - excellent men;]
(Always devoted to śāstra, those who have conquered anger, strong, fond of battle, forbearing, endowed with virtues of character, fit to be allied with, excellent men.)
They are always devoted to the śāstra, have conquered anger, are strong and fond of battle, forbearing, endowed with virtues of character, fit to be allied with, and are excellent men.
ये च दोषसमायुक्ता नराः प्रोक्ता मयानघ। तेषामप्यधमो राजन्कृतघ्नो मित्रघातकः ॥ त्यक्तव्यः स दुराचारः सर्वेषामिति निश्चयः ॥१२-१६२-२६॥
ye ca doṣasamāyuktā narāḥ proktā mayānagha। teṣāmapyadhamo rājan kṛtaghno mitraghātakaḥ ॥ tyaktavyaḥ sa durācāraḥ sarveṣāmiti niścayaḥ ॥12-162-26॥
[ये (ye) - who; (plural masculine nominative); च (ca) - and; दोषसमायुक्ताः (doṣasamāyuktāḥ) - endowed with faults; नराः (narāḥ) - men; प्रोक्ता (proktā) - spoken (about); मया (mayā) - by me; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अपि (api) - also; अधमः (adhamaḥ) - the lowest; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful; मित्रघातकः (mitraghātakaḥ) - destroyer of friends; त्यक्तव्यः (tyaktavyaḥ) - should be abandoned; सः (saḥ) - he; दुराचारः (durācāraḥ) - of bad conduct; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision;]
(And those men who are endowed with faults, spoken (about) by me, O sinless one, among them also, O king, the lowest is the ungrateful, the destroyer of friends. He of bad conduct should be abandoned by all—thus (is) the decision.)
O sinless one, among all the men with faults I have described, O king, the lowest is the ungrateful one who betrays friends. Such a person of bad conduct should be abandoned by everyone—this is the settled conclusion.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
विस्तरेणार्थसम्बन्धं श्रोतुमिच्छामि पार्थिव। मित्रद्रोही कृतघ्नश्च यः प्रोक्तस्तं च मे वद ॥१२-१६२-२७॥
vistareṇārthasambandhaṃ śrotumicchāmi pārthiva। mitradrohī kṛtaghnaśca yaḥ proktastaṃ ca me vada ॥12-162-27॥
[विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; अर्थसम्बन्धं (arthasambandhaṃ) - the connection with the meaning; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; मित्रद्रोही (mitradrohī) - betrayer of a friend; कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful one; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is called; तं (taṃ) - him; च (ca) - and; मे (me) - to me; वद (vada) - tell; १२-१६२-२७ (12-162-27) - 12-162-27;]
(In detail the connection with the meaning to hear I wish, O king. Betrayer of a friend, ungrateful one, and who is called, him and to me tell. 12-162-27.)
O king, I wish to hear in detail the connection with the meaning. Tell me about the one who is called a betrayer of a friend and an ungrateful one. 12-162-27.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
हन्त ते वर्तयिष्येऽहमितिहासं पुरातनम्। उदीच्यां दिशि यद्वृत्तं म्लेच्छेषु मनुजाधिप ॥१२-१६२-२८॥
hanta te vartayiṣye'ham itihāsaṃ purātanam। udīcyāṃ diśi yad vṛttaṃ mleccheṣu manujādhipa ॥12-162-28॥
[हन्त (hanta) - indeed; ते (te) - to you; वर्तयिष्ये (vartayiṣye) - I shall relate; अहम् (aham) - I; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; उदीच्यां (udīcyām) - in the northern; दिशि (diśi) - direction; यत् (yat) - which; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened; म्लेच्छेषु (mleccheṣu) - among the foreigners; मनुजाधिप (manujādhipa) - O king of men;]
(Indeed, to you I shall relate the ancient history, O king of men, which happened in the northern direction among the foreigners.)
O king, I will now tell you the ancient story that took place in the northern region among the foreigners.
ब्राह्मणो मध्यदेशीयः कृष्णाङ्गो ब्रह्मवर्जितः। ग्रामं प्रेक्ष्य जनाकीर्णं प्राविशद्भैक्षकाङ्क्षया ॥१२-१६२-२९॥
brāhmaṇo madhyadeśīyaḥ kṛṣṇāṅgo brahmavarjitaḥ। grāmaṃ prekṣya janākīrṇaṃ prāviśad bhaikṣakāṅkṣayā॥12-162-29॥
[ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; मध्यदेशीयः (madhyadeśīyaḥ) - of the Madhyadeśa region; कृष्णाङ्गः (kṛṣṇāṅgaḥ) - dark-limbed; ब्रह्मवर्जितः (brahmavarjitaḥ) - bereft of Brahman; ग्रामम् (grāmam) - village; प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen; जनाकीर्णम् (janākīrṇam) - crowded with people; प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered; भैक्षकाङ्क्षया (bhaikṣakāṅkṣayā) - with the desire for alms;]
(The brāhmaṇa, of the Madhyadeśa region, dark-limbed, bereft of Brahman, having seen the village crowded with people, entered with the desire for alms.)
A brāhmaṇa from the Madhyadeśa region, dark in complexion and lacking Brahmanical qualities, saw a village crowded with people and entered it seeking alms.
तत्र दस्युर्धनयुतः सर्ववर्णविशेषवित्। ब्रह्मण्यः सत्यसन्धश्च दाने च निरतोऽभवत् ॥१२-१६२-३०॥
tatra dasyur dhanayutaḥ sarvavarṇaviśeṣavit। brahmaṇyaḥ satyasaṃdhaś ca dāne ca nirato'bhavat ॥12-162-30॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; दस्युः (dasyuḥ) - bandit; धनयुतः (dhanayutaḥ) - endowed with wealth; सर्ववर्णविशेषवित् (sarvavarṇaviśeṣavit) - knower of all castes' distinctions; ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted to Brahmins; सत्यसन्धः (satyasaṃdhaḥ) - truthful; च (ca) - and; दाने (dāne) - in giving; च (ca) - and; निरतः (nirataḥ) - engaged; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]
(There, the bandit endowed with wealth, knower of all castes' distinctions, devoted to Brahmins, truthful, and engaged in giving, became so.)
There, the bandit, who was wealthy, knowledgeable of all castes, devoted to Brahmins, truthful, and engaged in charity, became thus.
तस्य क्षयमुपागम्य ततो भिक्षामयाचत। प्रतिश्रयं च वासार्थं भिक्षां चैवाथ वार्षिकीम् ॥१२-१६२-३१॥
tasya kṣayam upāgamya tato bhikṣām ayācata। pratiśrayaṃ ca vāsārthaṃ bhikṣāṃ caiva atha vārṣikīm ॥12-162-31॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - abode; उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached; ततः (tataḥ) - then; भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms; अयाचत (ayācata) - he requested; प्रतिश्रयम् (pratiśrayam) - shelter; च (ca) - and; वासार्थम् (vāsārtham) - for the purpose of dwelling; भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अथ (atha) - then; वार्षिकीम् (vārṣikīm) - for the rainy season;]
(Having approached his abode, then he requested alms. Shelter and for the purpose of dwelling, and indeed alms, then for the rainy season.)
Having reached his abode, he then asked for alms. He also requested shelter for staying, and alms specifically for the rainy season.
प्रादात्तस्मै स विप्राय वस्त्रं च सदृशं नवम्। नारीं चापि वयोपेतां भर्त्रा विरहितां तदा ॥१२-१६२-३२॥
prādāttasmai sa viprāya vastraṃ ca sadṛśaṃ navam। nārīṃ cāpi vayopetāṃ bhartrā virahitāṃ tadā ॥12-162-32॥
[प्रादात् (prādāt) - gave; (from pra-√dā) तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; सः (sa) - he; विप्राय (viprāya) - to the Brāhmaṇa; वस्त्रं (vastram) - garment; च (ca) - and; सदृशं (sadṛśam) - similar; नवम् (navam) - new; नारीम् (nārīm) - woman; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; वयोपेताम् (vayopetām) - of suitable age; भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by her husband; विरहिताम् (virahitām) - bereft; तदा (tadā) - then;]
(He gave to him, to the Brāhmaṇa, a garment similar and new, and also a woman of suitable age, then bereft by her husband.)
He gave the Brāhmaṇa a new garment of similar kind and also a woman of suitable age who had been bereft of her husband at that time.
एतत्सम्प्राप्य हृष्टात्मा दस्योः सर्वं द्विजस्तदा। तस्मिन्गृहवरे राजंस्तया रेमे स गौतमः ॥१२-१६२-३३॥
etatsamprāpya hṛṣṭātmā dasyoḥ sarvaṃ dvijastadā। tasmingṛhavare rājaṃstayā reme sa gautamaḥ ॥12-162-33॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; सम्प्राप्य (samprāpya) - having obtained; हृष्टात्मा (hṛṣṭātmā) - joyful in mind; दस्योः (dasyoḥ) - of the robber; सर्वं (sarvam) - all; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born; तदा (tadā) - then; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; गृहवरे (gṛhavare) - excellent house; राजन् (rājan) - O king; तया (tayā) - with her; रेमे (reme) - enjoyed; सः (saḥ) - he; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama;]
(Having obtained this, joyful in mind, the twice-born then took all from the robber. In that excellent house, O king, with her, he, Gautama, enjoyed.)
Having received all this from the robber, the joyful Gautama, O king, enjoyed himself with her in that excellent house.
कुटुम्बार्थेषु दस्योः स साहाय्यं चाप्यथाकरोत्। तत्रावसत्सोऽथ वर्षाः समृद्धे शबरालये ॥ बाणवेध्ये परं यत्नमकरोच्चैव गौतमः ॥१२-१६२-३४॥
kuṭumbārtheṣu dasyoḥ sa sāhāyyaṃ cāpyathākarot। tatrāvasatso'tha varṣāḥ samṛddhe śabarālaye ॥ bāṇavedhye paraṃ yatnamakaroccai̱va gautamaḥ ॥12-162-34॥
[कुटुम्बार्थेषु (kuṭumbārtheṣu) - for the sake of family; in family matters; दस्योः (dasyoḥ) - of the robber; सः (saḥ) - he; साहाय्यं (sāhāyyaṃ) - assistance; help; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - then; अकरोत् (akarot) - did; made; तत्र (tatra) - there; अवसत् (avasat) - dwelt; resided; सः (saḥ) - he; अथ (atha) - then; वर्षाः (varṣāḥ) - years; समृद्धे (samṛddhe) - prosperous; flourishing; शबरालये (śabarālaye) - in the abode of the Śabaras (tribal people); बाणवेध्ये (bāṇavedhye) - in archery; in shooting arrows; परम् (param) - supreme; utmost; यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort; अकरोत् (akarot) - did; made; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name);]
(For the sake of family, he also gave assistance to the robber. There he dwelt for years in the prosperous abode of the Śabaras. In archery, Gautama indeed made supreme effort.)
He helped the robber for the sake of his family and lived for years in the prosperous abode of the Śabaras. Gautama also made supreme effort in archery.
वक्राङ्गांस्तु स नित्यं वै सर्वतो बाणगोचरे। जघान गौतमो राजन्यथा दस्युगणस्तथा ॥१२-१६२-३५॥
vakrāṅgāṃstu sa nityaṃ vai sarvato bāṇagocare। jaghāna gautamo rājanyathā dasyugaṇastathā ॥12-162-35॥
[वक्राङ्गान् (vakrāṅgān) - crooked-limbed ones; तु (tu) - but; सः (saḥ) - he; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; वै (vai) - indeed; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - on all sides; बाणगोचरे (bāṇagocare) - within the range of arrows; जघान (jaghāna) - he slew; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama; राजन् (rājan) - O king; यथा (yathā) - just as; दस्युगणम् (dasyugaṇam) - the band of robbers; तथा (tathā) - so; ॥१२-१६२-३५॥ (॥12-162-35॥) -;]
(But he, always indeed, on all sides within the range of arrows, Gautama slew the crooked-limbed ones, O king, just as (one would slay) a band of robbers, so.)
But Gautama always slew all the crooked-limbed ones within the range of his arrows on every side, O king, just as one would destroy a band of robbers.
हिंसापरो घृणाहीनः सदा प्राणिवधे रतः। गौतमः संनिकर्षेण दस्युभिः समतामियात् ॥१२-१६२-३६॥
hiṁsāparo ghṛṇāhīnaḥ sadā prāṇivadhe rataḥ। gautamaḥ saṁnikarṣeṇa dasyubhiḥ samatāmiyāt ॥12-162-36॥
[हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence; परः (paraḥ) - devoted to; घृणा (ghṛṇā) - compassion; हीनः (hīnaḥ) - devoid of; सदा (sadā) - always; प्राणि (prāṇi) - living being; वधे (vadhe) - in killing; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama; सन्निकर्षेण (saṁnikarṣeṇa) - by association; दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - with robbers; समताम् (samatām) - equality; इयात् (iyāt) - may attain;]
(Violence devoted, devoid of compassion, always engaged in killing living beings; Gautama, by association with robbers, may attain equality.)
One who is devoted to violence, devoid of compassion, and always engaged in killing living beings—Gautama, by association with robbers, may become like them.
तथा तु वसतस्तस्य दस्युग्रामे सुखं तदा। अगच्छन्बहवो मासा निघ्नतः पक्षिणो बहून् ॥१२-१६२-३७॥
tathā tu vasatas tasya dasyugrāme sukhaṃ tadā। agacchan bahavo māsā nighnataḥ pakṣiṇo bahūn ॥12-162-37॥
[तथा (tathā) - thus; तु (tu) - but; वसतः (vasataḥ) - while dwelling; तस्य (tasya) - his; दस्युग्रामे (dasyugrāme) - in the village of robbers; सुखं (sukham) - happily; तदा (tadā) - then; अगच्छन् (agacchan) - passed; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; मासाः (māsāḥ) - months; निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - killing; पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds; बहून् (bahūn) - many;]
(Thus but while dwelling his in the village of robbers happily then passed many months killing birds many.)
Thus, while he was living happily in the robbers' village, many months passed as he killed many birds.
ततः कदाचिदपरो द्विजस्तं देशमागमत्। जटी चीराजिनधरः स्वाध्यायपरमः शुचिः ॥१२-१६२-३८॥
tataḥ kadācid aparo dvijas taṃ deśam āgamat। jaṭī cīrājinadharaḥ svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ ॥12-162-38॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; कदाचित् (kadācit) - at some time; अपरो (aparaḥ) - another; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; तम् (tam) - that; देशम् (deśam) - region; आगमत् (āgamat) - came; जटी (jaṭī) - matted-haired; चीराजिनधरः (cīrājinadharaḥ) - wearing bark and deer skin; स्वाध्यायपरमः (svādhyāyaparamaḥ) - devoted to self-study; शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure;]
(Then at some time another twice-born came to that region, (he was) matted-haired, wearing bark and deer skin, devoted to self-study, pure.)
Then, at some point, another Brāhmaṇa arrived in that region; he had matted hair, wore bark and deer skin, was devoted to self-study, and was pure.
विनीतो नियताहारो ब्रह्मण्यो वेदपारगः। सब्रह्मचारी तद्देश्यः सखा तस्यैव सुप्रियम् ॥ तं दस्युग्राममगमद्यत्रासौ गौतमोऽभवत् ॥१२-१६२-३९॥
vinīto niyatāhāro brahmaṇyo vedapāragaḥ। sabrahmacārī taddeśyaḥ sakhā tasyaiva supriyam ॥ taṃ dasyugrāmamagamadyatrāsau gautamo'bhavat ॥12-162-39॥
[विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - humble; नियत-आहारः (niyata-āhāraḥ) - regulated-food-intake; ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted-to-Brahman; वेद-पारगः (veda-pāragaḥ) - one-who-has-crossed-the-Vedas; स-ब्रह्मचारी (sa-brahmacārī) - together-with-a-brahmacārī; तत्-देश्यः (tat-deśyaḥ) - of-that-region; सखा (sakhā) - friend; तस्य-एव (tasya-eva) - of-him-alone; सुप्रियम् (supriyam) - very-dear; तम् (tam) - him; दस्यु-ग्रामम् (dasya-grāmam) - village-of-bandits; अगमत् (agamat) - went; यत्र (yatra) - where; असौ (asau) - he; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]
(Humble, regulated in food, devoted to Brahman, one who has mastered the Vedas, together with a brahmacārī, of that region, a friend, very dear to him alone—he went to the village of bandits, where that Gautama became (was).)
He was humble, regulated in food, devoted to Brahman, a master of the Vedas, accompanied by a brahmacārī, a native of that region, a friend, and very dear to him. He went to the village of bandits, where that Gautama was found.
स तु विप्रगृहान्वेषी शूद्रान्नपरिवर्जकः। ग्रामे दस्युजनाकीर्णे व्यचरत्सर्वतोदिशम् ॥१२-१६२-४०॥
sa tu vipragṛhānveṣī śūdrānnaparivarjakaḥ। grāme dasyujanākīrṇe vyacaratsarvatodiśam ॥12-162-40॥
[स (sa) - he; तु (tu) - but; विप्रगृहान्वेषी (vipragṛhānveṣī) - seeker of Brāhmaṇa houses; शूद्रान्नपरिवर्जकः (śūdrānnaparivarjakaḥ) - not avoider of Śūdra food; ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village; दस्युजनाकीर्णे (dasyujanākīrṇe) - filled with robbers; व्यचरत् (vyacarat) - moved about; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - in all directions; दिशम् (diśam) - direction;]
(He but seeker of Brāhmaṇa houses, not avoider of Śūdra food, in the village filled with robbers, moved about in all directions.)
But he, seeking out Brāhmaṇa households and not avoiding Śūdra food, moved about in all directions in a village filled with robbers.
ततः स गौतमगृहं प्रविवेश द्विजोत्तमः। गौतमश्चापि सम्प्राप्तस्तावन्योन्येन सङ्गतौ ॥१२-१६२-४१॥
tataḥ sa gautamagṛhaṃ praviveśa dvijottamaḥ। gautamaścāpi samprāptastāvanyonyeṇa saṅgatau ॥12-162-41॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; स (sa) - he; गौतमगृहं (gautamagṛham) - Gautama's house; प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered; द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of the twice-born; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - arrived; तौ (tau) - the two; अन्योन्येन (anyonyeṇa) - with each other; सङ्गतौ (saṅgatau) - in meeting;]
(Then he entered Gautama's house, the best of the twice-born. And Gautama also arrived; the two met each other.)
Then he, the best of the twice-born, entered Gautama's house. Gautama also arrived, and the two met each other.
वक्राङ्गभारहस्तं तं धनुष्पाणिं कृतागसम्। रुधिरेणावसिक्ताङ्गं गृहद्वारमुपागतम् ॥१२-१६२-४२॥
vakrāṅgabhārahastaṃ taṃ dhanuṣpāṇiṃ kṛtāgasam। rudhireṇāvasiktāṅgaṃ gṛhadvāramupāgatam ॥12-162-42॥
[वक्राङ्ग (vakra-aṅga) - crooked-limbed; भारहस्तं (bhāra-hastam) - bearing a burden in hand; तं (tam) - him; धनुष्पाणिं (dhanuṣ-pāṇim) - with bow in hand; कृतागसम् (kṛta-āgasam) - having committed a sin; रुधिरेण (rudhireṇa) - with blood; आवसिक्ताङ्गं (āvasikta-aṅgam) - whose limbs are smeared; गृहद्वारम् (gṛha-dvāram) - house door; उपागतम् (upāgatam) - having approached;]
(Crooked-limbed, bearing a burden in hand, him with bow in hand, having committed a sin, with limbs smeared with blood, having approached the house door.)
He, crooked-limbed and bearing a burden in his hand, holding a bow, stained with blood and guilty of sin, approached the doorway of the house.
तं दृष्ट्वा पुरुषादाभमपध्वस्तं क्षयागतम्। अभिज्ञाय द्विजो व्रीडामगमद्वाक्यमाह च ॥१२-१६२-४३॥
taṃ dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābham apadhvastaṃ kṣayāgatam। abhijñāya dvijo vrīḍām agamad vākyam āha ca ॥12-162-43॥
[तं (taṃ) - him; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; पुरुषादाभम् (puruṣādābham) - resembling a man-eater; अपध्वस्तं (apadhvastam) - ruined; क्षयागतम् (kṣayāgatam) - come to destruction; अभिज्ञाय (abhijñāya) - having recognized; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmin); व्रीडाम् (vrīḍām) - shame; अगमत् (agamat) - attained; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech; आह (āha) - said; च (ca) - and;]
(Him having seen, resembling a man-eater, ruined, come to destruction, having recognized, the twice-born (Brahmin) attained shame, and said speech.)
Seeing him, who looked like a man-eater, ruined and brought to destruction, the Brahmin recognized him, felt ashamed, and spoke these words.
किमिदं कुरुषे मौढ्याद्विप्रस्त्वं हि कुलोद्गतः। मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातो दस्युभावं गतः कथम् ॥१२-१६२-४४॥
kimidaṃ kuruṣe mauḍhyād vipras tvaṃ hi kulodgataḥ। madhyadeśaparijñāto dasyubhāvaṃ gataḥ katham ॥12-162-44॥
[किम् (kim) - what; इदं (idaṃ) - this; कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - do you do; मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - out of foolishness; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brāhmaṇa; त्वम् (tvam) - you; हि (hi) - indeed; कुलोद्गतः (kulodgataḥ) - born in a noble family; मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातः (madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ) - well-known in Madhyadeśa; दस्युभावम् (dasyubhāvam) - state of a bandit; गतः (gataḥ) - have attained; कथम् (katham) - how;]
(What is this you do out of foolishness, O Brāhmaṇa? You, indeed, born in a noble family, well-known in Madhyadeśa, how have you attained the state of a bandit?)
"What are you doing out of foolishness, O Brāhmaṇa? You are born in a noble family and are well-known in Madhyadeśa; how have you come to be in the state of a bandit?"
पूर्वान्स्मर द्विजाग्र्यांस्तान्प्रख्यातान्वेदपारगान्। येषां वंशेऽभिजातस्त्वमीदृशः कुलपांसनः ॥१२-१६२-४५॥
pūrvān smara dvijāgryāṃs tān prakhyātān vedapāragān। yeṣāṃ vaṃśe'bhijātas tvam īdṛśaḥ kulapāṃsanaḥ॥12-162-45॥
[पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - former ones; स्मर (smara) - remember; द्विजाग्र्यान् (dvijāgryān) - foremost among twice-born; तान् (tān) - those; प्रख्यातान् (prakhyātān) - renowned; वेदपारगान् (vedapāragān) - those who have mastered the Vedas; येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose; वंशे (vaṃśe) - in the lineage; अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born; त्वम् (tvam) - you; ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - such; कुलपांसनः (kulapāṃsanaḥ) - ornament of the family;]
(Remember the former ones, those foremost among the twice-born, those renowned, those who have mastered the Vedas, in whose lineage you, such an ornament of the family, have been born.)
Recall your illustrious ancestors, the foremost among the twice-born, renowned and accomplished in the Vedas, in whose lineage you, an ornament of the family, have been born.
अवबुध्यात्मनात्मानं सत्यं शीलं श्रुतं दमम्। अनुक्रोशं च संस्मृत्य त्यज वासमिमं द्विज ॥१२-१६२-४६॥
avabudhyātmanātmānaṃ satyaṃ śīlaṃ śrutaṃ damam| anukrośaṃ ca saṃsmṛtya tyaja vāsamimaṃ dvija ॥12-162-46॥
[अवबुध्य (avabudhya) - having understood; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself; आत्मानं (ātmānam) - the self; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; शीलं (śīlam) - character; श्रुतं (śrutam) - learning; दमम् (damam) - self-restraint; अनुक्रोशं (anukrośam) - compassion; च (ca) - and; संस्मृत्य (saṃsmṛtya) - having remembered; त्यज (tyaja) - abandon; वासम् (vāsam) - dwelling; इमं (imaṃ) - this; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (Brahmin);]
(Having understood by oneself the self, truth, character, learning, self-restraint, and having remembered compassion, abandon this dwelling, O twice-born.)
O Brahmin, having realized your true self, truth, character, learning, self-restraint, and recalling compassion, renounce this dwelling.
एवमुक्तः स सुहृदा तदा तेन हितैषिणा। प्रत्युवाच ततो राजन्विनिश्चित्य तदार्तवत् ॥१२-१६२-४७॥
evam-uktaḥ sa suhṛdā tadā tena hitaiṣiṇā। pratyuvāca tato rājan viniścitya tadārtavat ॥12-162-47॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been spoken; सः (saḥ) - he; सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by the friend; तदा (tadā) - then; तेन (tena) - by him; हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by the well-wisher; प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied; ततः (tataḥ) - then; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having ascertained; तदा (tadā) - then; आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - with distress;]
(Thus having been spoken by the friend, then by him, the well-wisher, he replied; then, O king, having ascertained, then with distress.)
O king, when thus addressed by his well-wishing friend, he replied after careful consideration, with distress.
अधनोऽस्मि द्विजश्रेष्ठ न च वेदविदप्यहम्। वृत्त्यर्थमिह सम्प्राप्तं विद्धि मां द्विजसत्तम ॥१२-१६२-४८॥
adhano'smi dvijaśreṣṭha na ca vedavidapyaham। vṛttyarthamiha samprāptaṃ viddhi māṃ dvijasattama ॥12-162-48॥
[अधनः (adhanaḥ) - without wealth; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best of twice-born; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; वेदविद् (vedavid) - knower of the Veda; अपि (api) - even; अहम् (aham) - I; वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the sake of livelihood; इह (iha) - here; सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - arrived; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; माम् (mām) - me; द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O excellent twice-born;]
(I am without wealth, O best of twice-born, and I am not even a knower of the Veda. For the sake of livelihood, I have arrived here; know me, O excellent twice-born.)
O best of the twice-born, I am poor and not even a knower of the Veda. I have come here for the sake of livelihood; please know me as such, O excellent twice-born.
त्वद्दर्शनात्तु विप्रर्षे कृतार्थं वेद्म्यहं द्विज। आत्मानं सह यास्यावः श्वो वसाद्येह शर्वरीम् ॥१२-१६२-४९॥
tvaddarśanāttu viprarṣe kṛtārthaṃ vedmyahaṃ dvija। ātmānaṃ saha yāsyāvaḥ śvo vasādyeha śarvarīm ॥12-162-49॥
[त्वत्-दर्शनात् (tvat-darśanāt) - from seeing you; तु (tu) - but; विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O best of Brāhmaṇas; कृत-अर्थं (kṛta-arthaṃ) - purpose accomplished; वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know; अहम् (aham) - I; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born; आत्मानं (ātmānaṃ) - the self; सह (saha) - with; यास्यावः (yāsyāvaḥ) - we shall go; श्वः (śvaḥ) - tomorrow; वस (vasa) - to dwell; आद्य (ādya) - having spent; इह (iha) - here; शर्वरीम् (śarvarīm) - the night;]
(But from seeing you, O best of Brāhmaṇas, I know my purpose is accomplished, O twice-born. Having spent the night here, tomorrow we shall go with the self.)
But by seeing you, O best of Brāhmaṇas, I know my purpose is fulfilled, O twice-born. After spending the night here, tomorrow we shall depart together.
