12.236
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
प्रोक्ता गृहस्थवृत्तिस्ते विहिता या मनीषिणाम्। तदनन्तरमुक्तं यत्तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-२३६-१॥
proktā gṛhasthavṛttis te vihitā yā manīṣiṇām। tadanantaram uktaṃ yat tan nibodha yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-236-1॥
[प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared; गृहस्थवृत्तिः (gṛhasthavṛttiḥ) - householder's conduct; ते (te) - to you; विहिता (vihitā) - prescribed; या (yā) - which; मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - of the wise; तदनन्तरम् (tadanantaram) - after that; उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken; यत् (yat) - which; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(The householder's conduct, which has been declared to you as prescribed for the wise, after that, what has been spoken, that you understand, O Yudhishthira.)
The duties of a householder, which have been prescribed for the wise, have been explained to you. Now, O Yudhishthira, listen to what comes next.
क्रमशस्त्ववधूयैनां तृतीयां वृत्तिमुत्तमाम्। संयोगव्रतखिन्नानां वानप्रस्थाश्रमौकसाम् ॥१२-२३६-२॥
kramaśas tv avadhūyaināṃ tṛtīyāṃ vṛttim uttamām। saṃyoga-vrata-khinnānāṃ vānaprasthāśramaukasām॥12-236-2॥
[क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - in order; तु (tu) - but; अवधूय (avadhūya) - having abandoned; एनाम् (enām) - this; तृतीयाम् (tṛtīyām) - third; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - mode of life; उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - excellent; संयोग (saṃyoga) - union; व्रत (vrata) - vow; खिन्नानाम् (khinnānām) - of those who are wearied; वानप्रस्थ (vānaprastha) - forest-dweller; आश्रम (āśrama) - hermitage; उकसाम् (aukasām) - of the dwellers;]
(But in order, having abandoned this third excellent mode of life, for those forest-dwelling hermitage dwellers who are wearied by union and vow.)
But then, in due order, having given up this third excellent way of life, for those forest-dwelling hermitage dwellers who are wearied by union and vows.
श्रूयतां पार्थ भद्रं ते सर्वलोकाश्रयात्मनाम्। प्रेक्षापूर्वं प्रवृत्तानां पुण्यदेशनिवासिनाम् ॥१२-२३६-३॥
śrūyatāṃ pārtha bhadraṃ te sarvalokāśrayātmanām। prekṣāpūrvaṃ pravṛttānāṃ puṇyadeśanivāsinām ॥12-236-3॥
[श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā; भद्रं (bhadraṃ) - auspiciousness; ते (te) - to you; सर्वलोकाश्रयात्मनाम् (sarvalokāśrayātmanām) - of those whose selves are the refuge of all worlds; प्रेक्षा (prekṣā) - observation; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; प्रवृत्तानाम् (pravṛttānām) - of those who have proceeded; पुण्यदेश (puṇyadeśa) - holy place; निवासिनाम् (nivāsinām) - of the dwellers;]
(Let it be heard, O Pārtha, auspiciousness to you, of those whose selves are the refuge of all worlds, of those who have proceeded before, of the dwellers in holy places, with observation.)
Listen, O Pārtha, may you be blessed. This concerns those whose selves are the refuge of all worlds, who have gone before, and who dwell in holy places, having observed (the proper rites).
व्यास उवाच॥
vyāsa uvāca॥
[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Vyāsa said;)
Vyāsa said.
गृहस्थस्तु यदा पश्येद्वलीपलितमात्मनः। अपत्यस्यैव चापत्यं वनमेव तदाश्रयेत् ॥१२-२३६-४॥
gṛhasthastu yadā paśyed valīpalitam ātmanaḥ। apatyasyaiva cāpatyaṃ vanam eva tad āśrayet ॥12-236-4॥
[गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; तु (tu) - but; यदा (yadā) - when; पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see; वली (valī) - wrinkles; पलितम् (palitam) - grey hair; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; अपत्यस्य (apatyasya) - of the child; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; अपत्यं (apatyaṃ) - child (of the child); वनम् (vanam) - forest; एव (eva) - indeed; तदा (tadā) - then; आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should resort to;]
(But when the householder should see wrinkles and grey hair on himself, and the child of his own child, then indeed he should resort to the forest.)
When a householder perceives wrinkles and grey hair on himself, and sees his own child’s child, then he should retire to the forest.
तृतीयमायुषो भागं वानप्रस्थाश्रमे वसेत्। तानेवाग्नीन्परिचरेद्यजमानो दिवौकसः ॥१२-२३६-५॥
tṛtīyam āyuṣo bhāgaṃ vānaprasthāśrame vaset। tān evāgnīn paricared yajamāno divaukasah ॥12-236-5॥
[तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third; आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life; भागम् (bhāgam) - part; वानप्रस्थाश्रमे (vānaprastha-āśrame) - in the hermitage of forest-dweller; वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell; तान् (tān) - those; एव (eva) - indeed; अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires; परिचरेत् (paricaret) - should serve; यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - the sacrificer; दिवौकसः (divaukasah) - of the gods;]
(One should dwell in the hermitage of forest-dwellers for a third part of life. The sacrificer should indeed serve those fires of the gods.)
For a third of his life, one should reside in the hermitage of forest-dwellers; the sacrificer should properly tend those sacred fires of the gods.
नियतो नियताहारः षष्ठभक्तोऽप्रमादवान्। तदग्निहोत्रं ता गावो यज्ञाङ्गानि च सर्वशः ॥१२-२३६-६॥
niyato niyatāhāraḥ ṣaṣṭhabhakto'pramādavān। tadagnihotraṃ tā gāvo yajñāṅgāni ca sarvaśaḥ ॥12-236-6॥
[नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled; नियताहारः (niyatāhāraḥ) - regulated in food; षष्ठभक्तः (ṣaṣṭhabhaktaḥ) - one who eats the sixth meal; अप्रमादवान् (apramādavān) - vigilant; तत् (tat) - that; अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - Agnihotra (sacrificial fire); ता (tā) - those; गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; यज्ञाङ्गानि (yajñāṅgāni) - limbs of sacrifice; च (ca) - and; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely;]
(Self-controlled, regulated in food, one who eats the sixth meal, vigilant; that is Agnihotra, those are cows, and the limbs of sacrifice entirely.)
A person who is self-controlled, regulated in food, who eats the sixth meal and is vigilant—such a person is equivalent to Agnihotra, to cows, and to all the limbs of sacrifice in every respect.
अकृष्टं वै व्रीहियवं नीवारं विघसानि च। हवींषि सम्प्रयच्छेत मखेष्वत्रापि पञ्चसु ॥१२-२३६-७॥
akṛṣṭaṃ vai vrīhiyavaṃ nīvāraṃ vighasāni ca। havīṃṣi samprayacchet makheṣv atrāpi pañcasu ॥12-236-7॥
[अकृष्टं (akṛṣṭam) - uncultivated; वै (vai) - indeed; व्रीहियवं (vrīhiyavam) - rice and barley; नीवारं (nīvāram) - wild rice; विघसानि (vighasāni) - leftover food; च (ca) - and; हवींषि (havīṃṣi) - oblations; सम्प्रयच्छेत् (samprayacchet) - should offer; मखेषु (makheṣu) - in sacrifices; अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; पञ्चसु (pañcasu) - in the five;]
(Uncultivated (grain), indeed, rice and barley, wild rice, leftover food, and, oblations should offer in sacrifices here also in the five.)
One should offer uncultivated grains, rice and barley, wild rice, and leftover food as oblations in sacrifices, even here in these five (types of sacrifices).
वानप्रस्थाश्रमेऽप्येताश्चतस्रो वृत्तयः स्मृताः। सद्यःप्रक्षालकाः केचित्केचिन्मासिकसञ्चयाः ॥१२-२३६-८॥
vānaprasthāśrame'py etāś catasro vṛttayaḥ smṛtāḥ। sadyaḥprakṣālakāḥ kecit kecin māsikasañcayāḥ ॥12-236-8॥
[वानप्रस्थाश्रमे (vānaprasthāśrame) - in the hermitage of forest-dwellers; अपि (api) - also; एताः (etāḥ) - these; चतस्रः (catasraḥ) - four; वृत्तयः (vṛttayaḥ) - modes of life; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered; सद्यःप्रक्षालकाः (sadyaḥprakṣālakāḥ) - those who cleanse immediately; केचित् (kecit) - some; केचित् (kecit) - some; मासिकसञ्चयाः (māsikasañcayāḥ) - those who accumulate monthly;]
(In the hermitage of forest-dwellers also, these four modes of life are remembered: some are those who cleanse immediately, some are those who accumulate monthly.)
In the hermitage of forest-dwellers, four modes of life are recognized: some cleanse immediately, while others accumulate (offerings or actions) monthly.
वार्षिकं सञ्चयं केचित्केचिद्द्वादशवार्षिकम्। कुर्वन्त्यतिथिपूजार्थं यज्ञतन्त्रार्थसिद्धये ॥१२-२३६-९॥
vārṣikaṃ sañcayaṃ kecit kecid dvādaśa-vārṣikam। kurvanti atithi-pūjārtham yajña-tantra-artha-siddhaye ॥12-236-9॥
[वार्षिकं (vārṣikam) - annual; सञ्चयं (sañcayam) - collection; केचित् (kecit) - some; केचित् (kecit) - some; द्वादशवार्षिकम् (dvādaśa-vārṣikam) - twelve-yearly; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - perform; अतिथि (atithi) - guest; पूजार्थम् (pūjārtham) - for the purpose of worship; यज्ञ (yajña) - sacrifice; तन्त्रार्थ (tantrārtha) - for the purpose of ritual procedure; सिद्धये (siddhaye) - for accomplishment;]
(Some perform an annual collection, some a twelve-yearly one, for the purpose of worshipping guests, for the accomplishment of the purpose of the ritual procedure of sacrifice.)
Some people make an annual collection, while others do so every twelve years, for the purpose of guest worship and to accomplish the aims of sacrificial ritual procedures.
अभ्रावकाशा वर्षासु हेमन्ते जलसंश्रयाः। ग्रीष्मे च पञ्चतपसः शश्वच्च मितभोजनाः ॥१२-२३६-१०॥
abhrāvakāśā varṣāsu hemante jalasaṃśrayāḥ। grīṣme ca pañcatapasaḥ śaśvacca mitabhojanāḥ ॥12-236-10॥
[अभ्रावकाशाः (abhrāvakāśāḥ) - those who dwell in the open sky; (abhra: cloud; avakāśa: open space;) वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rainy seasons; हेमन्ते (hemante) - in the winter; जलसंश्रयाः (jalasaṃśrayāḥ) - those who resort to water; (jala: water; saṃśraya: resorting;) ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in the summer; च (ca) - and; पञ्चतपसः (pañcatapasaḥ) - those who perform the five-fire austerity; (pañca: five; tapas: austerity;) शश्वत् (śaśvat) - always; च (ca) - and; मितभोजनाः (mitabhojanāḥ) - those who eat moderately; (mita: moderate; bhojana: food;]
(Those who dwell in the open sky in the rainy seasons, who resort to water in the winter, who perform the five-fire austerity in the summer, and who always eat moderately.)
During the rainy season, they dwell in the open; in winter, they resort to water; in summer, they practice the five-fire austerity; and always, they eat moderately.
भूमौ विपरिवर्तन्ते तिष्ठेद्वा प्रपदैरपि। स्थानासनैर्वर्तयन्ति सवनेष्वभिषिञ्चते ॥१२-२३६-११॥
bhūmau viparivartante tiṣṭhedvā prapadairapi| sthānāsanairvartayanti savaneṣvabhiṣiñcate ||12-236-11||
[भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground; विपरिवर्तन्ते (viparivartante) - they turn around; तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - might stand; वा (vā) - or; प्रपदैः (prapadaiḥ) - with the feet; अपि (api) - even; स्थानासनैः (sthānāsanaiḥ) - with standing and sitting postures; वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they move; सवनेषु (savaneṣu) - in the sacrifices; अभिषिञ्चते (abhiṣiñcate) - he anoints;]
(On the ground they turn around, or might stand even with the feet; with standing and sitting postures they move, in the sacrifices he anoints.)
They turn around on the ground, or may stand even with their feet; by means of standing and sitting postures, they move, and in the sacrifices, he anoints.
दन्तोलूखलिनः केचिदश्मकुट्टास्तथापरे। शुक्लपक्षे पिबन्त्येके यवागूं क्वथितां सकृत् ॥१२-२३६-१२॥
dantolūkhalinaḥ kecidaśmakuṭṭāstathāpare| śuklapakṣe pibantyeke yavāgūṃ kvathitāṃ sakṛt ॥12-236-12॥
[दन्तोलूखलिनः (dantolūkhalinaḥ) - those who use teeth as mortar; केचित् (kecit) - some; अश्मकुट्टाः (aśmakuṭṭāḥ) - those who pound with stones; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपरे (apare) - others; शुक्लपक्षे (śuklapakṣe) - in the bright fortnight; पिबन्ति (pibanti) - drink; एके (eke) - some; यवागूं (yavāgūṃ) - barley gruel; क्वथितां (kvathitāṃ) - boiled; सकृत् (sakṛt) - once;]
(Those who use teeth as mortar, some who pound with stones, likewise others; in the bright fortnight, some drink barley gruel boiled once.)
Some use their teeth as mortars, some pound with stones, and others likewise; during the bright fortnight, some drink barley gruel that has been boiled once.
कृष्णपक्षे पिबन्त्येके भुञ्जते च यथाक्रमम्। मूलैरेके फलैरेके पुष्पैरेके दृढव्रताः ॥१२-२३६-१३॥
kṛṣṇapakṣe pibantyeke bhuñjate ca yathākramam। mūlaireke phalaireke puṣpaireke dṛḍhavratāḥ ॥12-236-13॥
[कृष्णपक्षे (kṛṣṇapakṣe) - in the dark fortnight; पिबन्ति (pibanti) - drink; एके (eke) - some; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - eat; च (ca) - and; यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in due order; मूलैः (mūlaiḥ) - with roots; एके (eke) - some; फलैः (phalaiḥ) - with fruits; एके (eke) - some; पुष्पैः (puṣpaiḥ) - with flowers; एके (eke) - some; दृढव्रताः (dṛḍhavratāḥ) - firm in vows;]
(In the dark fortnight, some drink, some eat, and in due order; some (subsist) on roots, some on fruits, some on flowers, firm in vows.)
During the dark fortnight, some drink, some eat, each in due order; some steadfast in their vows subsist on roots, some on fruits, and some on flowers.
वर्तयन्ति यथान्यायं वैखानसमतं श्रिताः। एताश्चान्याश्च विविधा दीक्षास्तेषां मनीषिणाम् ॥१२-२३६-१४॥
vartayanti yathā-nyāyaṃ vaikhānasamataṃ śritāḥ। etāś ca anyāś ca vividhā dīkṣās teṣāṃ manīṣiṇām ॥12-236-14॥
[वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they conduct; (from √vṛt, to act, to conduct) यथा (yathā) - as; according as; अन्यायं (anyāyaṃ) - according to rule; properly; वैखानसमतम् (vaikhānasamatam) - Vaikhānasa doctrine; (Vaikhānasa - a Vedic school, matam - doctrine;) श्रिताः (śritāḥ) - having resorted to; having adopted; एताः (etāḥ) - these; च (ca) - and; अन्याः (anyāḥ) - others; च (ca) - and; विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various; दीक्षाः (dīkṣāḥ) - initiations; consecrations; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - of the wise; of the sages;]
(They conduct (themselves) according to rule, having adopted the Vaikhānasa doctrine. These and other various initiations (are) of those wise ones.)
They follow the Vaikhānasa doctrine as prescribed, and these and other various initiations belong to those sages.
चतुर्थश्चौपनिषदो धर्मः साधारणः स्मृतः। वानप्रस्थो गृहस्थश्च ततोऽन्यः सम्प्रवर्तते ॥१२-२३६-१५॥
caturthaś caupaniṣado dharmaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ। vānaprastho gṛhasthaś ca tato'nyaḥ sampravartate ॥12-236-15॥
[चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - fourth; च (ca) - and; उपनिषदः (upaniṣadaḥ) - Upaniṣads; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; साधारणः (sādhāraṇaḥ) - common; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered; वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - forest-dweller; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; सम्प्रवर्तते (sampravartate) - proceeds;]
(The fourth, and the Upaniṣads, duty is remembered as common. The forest-dweller and the householder, and from that another proceeds.)
The fourth, namely the Upaniṣads, is remembered as a common duty. From that, the forest-dweller and the householder, and then another, proceed.
अस्मिन्नेव युगे तात विप्रैः सर्वार्थदर्शिभिः। अगस्त्यः सप्त ऋषयो मधुच्छन्दोऽघमर्षणः ॥१२-२३६-१६॥
asminneva yuge tāta vipraiḥ sarvārthadarśibhiḥ। agastyaḥ sapta ṛṣayo madhucchando’ghamarṣaṇaḥ ॥12-236-16॥
[अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; एव (eva) - indeed; युगे (yuge) - age; तात (tāta) - O dear one; विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by the Brāhmaṇas; सर्वार्थदर्शिभिः (sarvārthadarśibhiḥ) - by those who see all meanings; अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya; सप्त (sapta) - seven; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; मधुच्छन्दः (madhucchandaḥ) - Madhucchandas; अघमर्षणः (aghamarṣaṇaḥ) - Aghamarṣaṇa;]
(In this very age, O dear one, by the Brāhmaṇas who see all meanings, Agastya, the seven sages, Madhucchandas, and Aghamarṣaṇa.)
O dear one, in this very age, Agastya, the seven sages, Madhucchandas, and Aghamarṣaṇa were recognized by the Brāhmaṇas who perceive all meanings.
साङ्कृतिः सुदिवा तण्डिर्यवान्नोऽथ कृतश्रमः। अहोवीर्यस्तथा काव्यस्ताण्ड्यो मेधातिथिर्बुधः ॥१२-२३६-१७॥
sāṅkṛtiḥ sudivā taṇḍiryavānno'tha kṛtaśramaḥ। ahovīryastathā kāvyastāṇḍyo medhātithirbudhaḥ ॥12-236-17॥
[साङ्कृतिः (sāṅkṛtiḥ) - descendant of Saṅkṛti; सुदिवा (sudivā) - Sudivā; तण्डिर्यवान् (taṇḍiryavān) - Taṇḍiryavān; नः (naḥ) - our; अथ (atha) - then; कृतश्रमः (kṛtaśramaḥ) - one who has performed effort; अहोवीर्यः (ahovīryaḥ) - Ahovīrya; तथा (tathā) - likewise; काव्यः (kāvyaḥ) - Kāvya; ताण्ड्यः (tāṇḍyaḥ) - Tāṇḍya; मेधातिथिः (medhātithiḥ) - Medhātithi; बुधः (budhaḥ) - Budha;]
(Descendant of Saṅkṛti, Sudivā, Taṇḍiryavān, our, then, one who has performed effort; Ahovīrya, likewise, Kāvya, Tāṇḍya, Medhātithi, Budha.)
Saṅkṛti, Sudivā, Taṇḍiryavān, and our accomplished one; then Ahovīrya, likewise Kāvya, Tāṇḍya, Medhātithi, and Budha.
शलो वाकश्च निर्वाकः शून्यपालः कृतश्रमः। एवन्धर्मसु विद्वांसस्ततः स्वर्गमुपागमन् ॥१२-२३६-१८॥
śalo vākaś ca nirvākaḥ śūnyapālaḥ kṛtaśramaḥ। evaṃ dharmasu vidvāṃs tataḥ svargam upāgaman ॥12-236-18॥
[शलः (śalaḥ) - weak; वाकः (vākaḥ) - speech; च (ca) - and; निर्वाकः (nirvākaḥ) - speechless; शून्यपालः (śūnyapālaḥ) - protector of emptiness; कृतश्रमः (kṛtaśramaḥ) - one who has made effort; एवम् (evam) - thus; धर्मसु (dharmasu) - in virtues; विद्वांसः (vidvāṃsaḥ) - the learned ones; ततः (tataḥ) - then; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; उपागमन् (upāgaman) - they attained;]
(Weak, speech, and speechless, protector of emptiness, one who has made effort; thus, in virtues, the learned ones then heaven attained.)
Thus, the learned ones, having made effort in virtues, whether weak, eloquent, or silent, protectors of emptiness, then attained heaven.
तात प्रत्यक्षधर्माणस्तथा यायावरा गणाः। ऋषीणामुग्रतपसां धर्मनैपुणदर्शिनाम् ॥१२-२३६-१९॥
tāta pratyakṣadharmāṇas tathā yāyāvarā gaṇāḥ। ṛṣīṇām ugratapasāṃ dharmanaipuṇadarśinām ॥12-236-19॥
[तात (tāta) - O father; प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः (pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ) - those whose dharma is evident; तथा (tathā) - likewise; यायावरा (yāyāvarā) - wandering; गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups; ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of sages; उग्रतपसाम् (ugratapasām) - of those with intense austerity; धर्मनैपुणदर्शिनाम् (dharmanaipuṇadarśinām) - of those who see the skill in dharma;]
(O father, likewise, the groups of wandering ascetics, those whose dharma is evident, of the sages, of those with intense austerity, of those who see the skill in dharma.)
O father, likewise, the groups of wandering ascetics—those whose dharma is evident, the sages, those of intense austerity, and those who perceive the subtleties of dharma.
अवाच्यापरिमेयाश्च ब्राह्मणा वनमाश्रिताः। वैखानसा वालखिल्याः सिकताश्च तथापरे ॥१२-२३६-२०॥
avācyāparimeyāś ca brāhmaṇā vanam āśritāḥ। vaikhānasā vālkhilyāḥ sikatāś ca tathāpare ॥12-236-20॥
[अवाच्याः (avācyāḥ) - not to be spoken; अपरिमेयाः (aparimeyāḥ) - immeasurable; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; वनम् (vanam) - forest; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to; वैखानसाः (vaikhānasāḥ) - Vaikhānasa sages; वालखिल्याः (vālkhilyāḥ) - Vālkhilya sages; सिकताः (sikatāḥ) - Sikatā sages; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपरे (apare) - others;]
(Not to be spoken, immeasurable, and Brāhmaṇas resorted to the forest; Vaikhānasa, Vālkhilya, Sikatā, and likewise others.)
There were Brāhmaṇas of unspeakable and immeasurable qualities who had taken refuge in the forest; among them were the Vaikhānasa, Vālkhilya, Sikatā sages, and others as well.
कर्मभिस्ते निरानन्दा धर्मनित्या जितेन्द्रियाः। गताः प्रत्यक्षधर्माणस्ते सर्वे वनमाश्रिताः ॥ अनक्षत्रा अनाधृष्या दृश्यन्ते ज्योतिषां गणाः ॥१२-२३६-२१॥
karmabhis te nirānandā dharmanityā jitendriyāḥ। gatāḥ pratyakṣadharmāṇas te sarve vanamāśritāḥ॥ anakṣatrā anādhṛṣyā dṛśyante jyotiṣāṃ gaṇāḥ॥12-236-21॥
[कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions; ते (te) - they; निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - without joy; धर्मनित्या (dharmanityā) - always righteous; जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - having conquered the senses; गताः (gatāḥ) - gone; प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः (pratyakṣadharmāṇaḥ) - those whose dharma is manifest; ते (te) - they; सर्वे (sarve) - all; वनमाश्रिताः (vanamāśritāḥ) - resorted to the forest; अनक्षत्राः (anakṣatrāḥ) - without stars; अनाधृष्याः (anādhṛṣyāḥ) - unassailable; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; ज्योतिषां (jyotiṣām) - of the luminaries; गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups;]
(By actions, they, without joy, always righteous, having conquered the senses, gone, those whose dharma is manifest, they, all, resorted to the forest. Without stars, unassailable, are seen, groups of the luminaries.)
By their actions, those who are without joy, always righteous, and have conquered their senses, all those whose dharma is manifest have gone and taken refuge in the forest. Groups of luminaries, without stars and unassailable, are seen.
जरया च परिद्यूनो व्याधिना च प्रपीडितः। चतुर्थे चायुषः शेषे वानप्रस्थाश्रमं त्यजेत् ॥ सद्यस्कारां निरूप्येष्टिं सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम् ॥१२-२३६-२२॥
jarayā ca paridyūno vyādhinā ca prapīḍitaḥ। caturthe cāyuṣaḥ śeṣe vānaprasthāśramaṃ tyajet॥ sadyaskārāṃ nirūpyeṣṭiṃ sarvavedasadakṣiṇām॥12-236-22॥
[जरया (jarayā) - by old age; च (ca) - and; परिद्यूनः (paridyūnaḥ) - afflicted; व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by disease; च (ca) - and; प्रपीडितः (prapīḍitaḥ) - oppressed; चतुर्थे (caturthe) - in the fourth; च (ca) - and; आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life; शेषे (śeṣe) - remaining; वानप्रस्थाश्रमं (vānaprasthāśramam) - the stage of forest-dweller; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon; सद्यस्कारां (sadyaskārām) - immediate rite; निरूप्य (nirūpya) - having performed; इष्टिं (iṣṭim) - sacrifice; सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम् (sarvavedasadakṣiṇām) - with gifts to all Vedas;]
(By old age and afflicted, by disease and oppressed, in the fourth and remaining of life, the stage of forest-dweller should abandon. Immediate rite having performed, sacrifice with gifts to all Vedas.)
When one is afflicted by old age and oppressed by disease, in the fourth and remaining part of life, one should abandon the stage of the forest-dweller. Having performed the immediate rite, one should offer a sacrifice with gifts to all the Vedas.
आत्मयाजी सोऽऽत्मरतिरात्मक्रीडात्मसंश्रयः। आत्मन्यग्नीन्समारोप्य त्यक्त्वा सर्वपरिग्रहान् ॥१२-२३६-२३॥
ātmayājī so''tmaratirātmakrīḍātmasaṃśrayaḥ। ātmagyāninsamāropya tyaktvā sarvapari-grahān ॥12-236-23॥
[आत्मयाजी (ātmayājī) - one who sacrifices to the self; सः (saḥ) - he; आत्मरतिः (ātmaratiḥ) - one who delights in the self; आत्मक्रीडः (ātmakrīḍaḥ) - one who sports in the self; आत्मसंश्रयः (ātmasaṃśrayaḥ) - one who takes refuge in the self; आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self; अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires (sacrificial); समारोप्य (samāropya) - having established; त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; सर्व (sarva) - all; परिग्रहान् (parigrahān) - possessions;]
(One who sacrifices to the self, who delights in the self, who sports in the self, who takes refuge in the self, having established the sacrificial fires in the self, having abandoned all possessions.)
He who offers sacrifice to the self, delights in the self, plays in the self, and takes refuge in the self, having established the sacrificial fires within himself and having renounced all possessions.
सद्यस्क्रांश्च यजेद्यज्ञानिष्टीश्चैवेह सर्वदा। सदैव याजिनां यज्ञादात्मनीज्या निवर्तते ॥१२-२३६-२४॥
sadyaskrāṃś ca yajed yajñāniṣṭīś caiva iha sarvadā। sadaiva yājināṃ yajñād ātmanījyā nivartate ॥12-236-24॥
[सद्यस् (sadyas) - immediately; क्रान् (krān) - sacrifices; च (ca) - and; यजेत् (yajet) - should perform; यज्ञान् (yajñān) - sacrifices; इष्टीः (iṣṭīḥ) - oblations; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always; सदैव (sadaiva) - always; याजिनाम् (yājinām) - of the sacrificers; यज्ञात् (yajñāt) - from the sacrifice; आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self; इज्या (ijyā) - worship; निवर्तते (nivartate) - ceases;]
(Immediately, one should perform sacrifices and oblations here always; always, for the sacrificers, from the sacrifice, worship in the self ceases.)
One should always perform sacrifices and oblations immediately here; for the sacrificers, the worship that is performed through sacrifice ultimately ceases in the self.
त्रींश्चैवाग्नीन्यजेत्सम्यगात्मन्येवात्ममोक्षणात्। प्राणेभ्यो यजुषा पञ्च षट्प्राश्नीयादकुत्सयन् ॥१२-२३६-२५॥
trīṃścaivāgnīnyajetsamyagātmanyevaātmamokṣaṇāt। prāṇebhyo yajuṣā pañca ṣaṭprāśnīyādakutsayan ॥12-236-25॥
[त्रीम् (trīm) - thirty; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अग्नीन् (agnīn) - fires; यजेत् (yajet) - should worship; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself; एव (eva) - indeed; आत्ममोक्षणात् (ātmamokṣaṇāt) - for the liberation of the self; प्राणेभ्यः (prāṇebhyaḥ) - from the vital breaths; यजुषा (yajuṣā) - with the Yajus (sacrificial formula); पञ्च (pañca) - five; षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat; अकुत्सयन् (akutsayan) - without despising;]
(One should properly worship thirty fires indeed, in oneself, for the liberation of the self; from the vital breaths, with the Yajus, one should eat five or six (offerings), without despising (them).)
One should properly worship thirty fires within oneself for self-liberation; and, using the Yajus, one should partake of five or six offerings from the vital breaths, without any contempt.
केशलोमनखान्वाप्य वानप्रस्थो मुनिस्ततः। आश्रमादाश्रमं सद्यः पूतो गच्छति कर्मभिः ॥१२-२३६-२६॥
keśalomnakhānvāpy vānaprastho munistataḥ। āśramādāśramaṃ sadyaḥ pūto gacchati karmabhiḥ ॥12-236-26॥
[केश (keśa) - hair; लोम (loma) - body hair; नखान् (nakhān) - nails; अपि (api) - even; वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - forest-dweller; मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; ततः (tataḥ) - then; आश्रमात् (āśramāt) - from hermitage; आश्रमं (āśramam) - to hermitage; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions;]
(Hair, body hair, and even nails—the forest-dweller sage then, from hermitage to hermitage, immediately purified, goes by actions.)
The forest-dweller sage, even with hair, body hair, and nails, immediately becomes purified by his actions as he moves from one hermitage to another.
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो यो दत्त्वा प्रव्रजेद्द्विजः। लोकास्तेजोमयास्तस्य प्रेत्य चानन्त्यमश्नुते ॥१२-२३६-२७॥
abhayaṃ sarvabhūtebhyo yo dattvā pravrajed dvijaḥ। lokās tejomayās tasya pretya cānantyam aśnute॥12-236-27॥
[अभयम् (abhayam) - fearlessness; सर्वभूतेभ्यः (sarvabhūtebhyaḥ) - to all beings; यः (yaḥ) - who; दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given; प्रव्रजेत् (pravrajet) - should depart (renounce); द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (Brahmin); लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; तेजोमयाः (tejomayāḥ) - full of brilliance; तस्य (tasya) - for him; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; अनन्त्यम् (anantyam) - endlessness; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(Fearlessness to all beings who, having given, should depart (renounce), a twice-born; worlds full of brilliance for him, after death and endlessness attains.)
If a twice-born, having given fearlessness to all beings, renounces, he attains worlds full of brilliance and endlessness after death.
सुशीलवृत्तो व्यपनीतकल्मषो; न चेह नामुत्र च कर्तुमीहते। अरोषमोहो गतसन्धिविग्रहो; भवेदुदासीनवदात्मविन्नरः ॥१२-२३६-२८॥
suśīlavṛtto vyapanītakalmaṣo; na ceha nāmutra ca kartumīhate. aroṣamoho gatasandhivigraho; bhavedudāsīnavadātmavinnarah ॥12-236-28॥
[सुशीलवृत्तः (suśīlavṛttaḥ) - of good conduct; व्यपनीतकल्मषः (vyapanītakalmaṣaḥ) - one whose impurities are removed; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; न (na) - not; अमुत्र (amutra) - there (in the other world); च (ca) - and; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; ईहते (īhate) - desires; अरोषमोहः (aroṣamohaḥ) - free from anger and delusion; गतसन्धिविग्रहः (gatasandhivigrahaḥ) - one who has gone beyond alliance and conflict; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; उदासीनवत् (udāsīnavat) - like an indifferent one; आत्मवित् (ātmavit) - knower of the self; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Of good conduct, one whose impurities are removed, not here and not there desires to do; free from anger and delusion, one who has gone beyond alliance and conflict, should be like an indifferent one, a knower of the self, a man.)
A man of good conduct, whose impurities are removed, who does not desire to act either here or hereafter, who is free from anger and delusion, who has transcended alliance and conflict, should remain like an indifferent person, as a knower of the self.
यमेषु चैवात्मगतेषु न व्यथे; त्स्वशास्त्रसूत्राहुतिमन्त्रविक्रमः। भवेद्यथेष्टा गतिरात्मयाजिनो; न संशयो धर्मपरे जीतेन्द्रिये ॥१२-२३६-२९॥
yameṣu caivātmagateṣu na vyathe; tsvaśāstrasūtrāhutimantravikramaḥ. bhavedyathetṣṭā gatirātmayājino; na saṃśayo dharmapare jitendriye ॥12-236-29॥
[यमेषु (yameṣu) - in the Yamas; (restraints; plural of Yama;) च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; आत्मगतेषु (ātmagateṣu) - in those who have attained the Self; न (na) - not; व्यथे (vyathe) - is disturbed; स्वशास्त्र (svaśāstra) - one's own scripture; सूत्र (sūtra) - aphorism; आहुति (āhuti) - offering; मन्त्र (mantra) - mantra; विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - effort; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes; यथेष्टा (yatheṣṭā) - as desired; गतिः (gatiḥ) - attainment; आत्मयाजिनः (ātmayājinaḥ) - of the self-sacrificer; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; धर्मपरे (dharmapare) - intent on dharma; जितेन्द्रिये (jitendriye) - one who has conquered the senses;]
(In the Yamas and indeed in those who have attained the Self, is not disturbed; one's own scripture, aphorism, offering, mantra, effort; as desired becomes the attainment of the self-sacrificer; not doubt for one intent on dharma, one who has conquered the senses.)
There is no disturbance in the Yamas and in those who have realized the Self; for one who follows his own scripture, aphorisms, offerings, mantras, and efforts, the self-sacrificer attains the desired goal; there is no doubt for one devoted to dharma and who has mastered his senses.
ततः परं श्रेष्ठमतीव सद्गुणै; रधिष्ठितं त्रीनधिवृत्तमुत्तमम्। चतुर्थमुक्तं परमाश्रमं शृणु; प्रकीर्त्यमानं परमं परायणम् ॥१२-२३६-३०॥
tataḥ paraṃ śreṣṭham atīva sadguṇaiḥ; rādhiṣṭhitaṃ trīn adhivṛttam uttamam। caturtham uktaṃ paramāśramaṃ śṛṇu; prakīrtyamānaṃ paramaṃ parāyaṇam ॥12-236-30॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - from then; परं (paraṃ) - further; श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - most excellent; अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly; सद्गुणैः (sadguṇaiḥ) - with good qualities; रधिष्ठितं (rādhiṣṭhitaṃ) - established; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; अधिवृत्तम् (adhivṛttam) - surpassed; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - highest; चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - fourth; उक्तं (uktaṃ) - said; परमाश्रमं (paramāśramaṃ) - supreme āśrama; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; प्रकीर्त्यमानं (prakīrtyamānaṃ) - being praised; परमं (paramaṃ) - supreme; परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate goal;]
(From then, further, the most excellent, exceedingly, with good qualities, established, having surpassed the three, the highest. The fourth, said to be the supreme āśrama, listen, being praised as the supreme ultimate goal.)
Thereafter, listen about the fourth, the supreme āśrama, which is established with excellent virtues, surpassing the other three, and is praised as the highest and ultimate goal.
