12.235
व्यास उवाच॥
vyāsa uvāca॥
[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Vyāsa said;)
Vyāsa said.
द्वितीयमायुषो भागं गृहमेधी गृहे वसेत्। धर्मलब्धैर्युतो दारैरग्नीनुत्पाद्य सुव्रतः ॥१२-२३५-१॥
dvitīyam āyuṣo bhāgaṃ gṛhamedhī gṛhe vaset। dharmalabdhair yuto dārair agnīn utpādya suvrataḥ ॥12-235-1॥
[द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second; आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life; भागम् (bhāgam) - portion; गृहमेधी (gṛhamedhī) - householder; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell; धर्मलब्धैः (dharmalabdhaiḥ) - obtained by righteousness; युतः (yutaḥ) - endowed; दारैः (dāraiḥ) - with wives; अग्नीन् (agnīn) - sacred fires; उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - having established; सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - of good vows;]
(The householder should dwell in the house for the second portion of life, endowed with wives obtained by righteousness, having established the sacred fires, being of good vows.)
In the second stage of life, the householder should live at home, with wives acquired righteously, having established the sacred fires, and being steadfast in good vows.
गृहस्थवृत्तयश्चैव चतस्रः कविभिः स्मृताः। कुसूलधान्यः प्रथमः कुम्भीधान्यस्त्वनन्तरम् ॥१२-२३५-२॥
gṛhasthavṛttayaś caiva catasraḥ kavibhiḥ smṛtāḥ। kusūladhānyaḥ prathamaḥ kumbhīdhānyas tvanantaram ॥12-235-2॥
[गृहस्थवृत्तयः (gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ) - householder's modes of life; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; चतस्रः (catasraḥ) - four; कविभिः (kavibhiḥ) - by sages; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered; कुसूलधान्यः (kusūladhānyaḥ) - one who stores grain in a basket; प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) - the first; कुम्भीधान्यः (kumbhīdhānyaḥ) - one who stores grain in a pot; तु (tu) - but; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - next;]
(Householder's modes of life, indeed, four, by sages, are remembered. One who stores grain in a basket, the first. One who stores grain in a pot, but next.)
The sages have recognized four modes of householder life. The first is one who stores grain in a basket; next is one who stores grain in a pot.
अश्वस्तनोऽथ कापोतीमाश्रितो वृत्तिमाहरेत्। तेषां परः परो ज्यायान्धर्मतो लोकजित्तमः ॥१२-२३५-३॥
aśvastano'tha kāpotīm āśrito vṛttim āharet। teṣāṃ paraḥ paro jyāyān dharmato lokajit tamaḥ॥12-235-3॥
[अश्वस्तनः (aśvastanaḥ) - one who has lost his means of livelihood; अथ (atha) - then; कापोतीम् (kāpotīm) - pigeon-like (livelihood); आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of subsistence; आहरेत् (āharet) - should obtain; तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them; परः (paraḥ) - the highest; परः (paraḥ) - the highest; ज्यायान् (jyāyān) - superior; धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - by righteousness; लोकजित् (lokajit) - conqueror of people; तमः (tamaḥ) - the darkness;]
(One who has lost his means of livelihood, then, having resorted to a pigeon-like means of subsistence, should obtain his livelihood. Among them, the highest, the superior by righteousness, is the conqueror of people over darkness.)
If a person loses his means of livelihood, he should then adopt the way of living like a pigeon. Among such ways, the highest and most superior by righteousness is that which conquers people and dispels darkness.
षट्कर्मा वर्तयत्येकस्त्रिभिरन्यः प्रवर्तते। द्वाभ्यामेकश्चतुर्थस्तु ब्रह्मसत्रे व्यवस्थितः ॥ गृहमेधिव्रतान्यत्र महान्तीह प्रचक्षते ॥१२-२३५-४॥
ṣaṭkarmā vartayat yekas tribhir anyaḥ pravartate। dvābhyām ekaś caturthas tu brahmasatre vyavasthitaḥ॥ gṛhamedhivratāny atra mahāntīha pracakṣate॥12-235-4॥
[षट्-कर्मा (ṣaṭ-karmā) - one who performs six duties; वर्तयति (vartayati) - causes to be performed; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - engages; द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - by two; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - the fourth; तु (tu) - but; ब्रह्मसत्रे (brahmasatre) - in the Brahmasatra (sacred study); व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - is established; गृहमेधि-व्रतानि (gṛhamedhi-vratāni) - the vows of the householder; अत्र (atra) - here; महान्ति (mahānti) - great; इह (iha) - in this world; प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - are declared; १२-२३५-४ (12-235-4) - 12-235-4;]
(One who performs six duties causes them to be performed; another engages with three; one with two; but the fourth is established in the Brahmasatra. Here, the vows of the householder are declared to be great in this world. "12-235-4".)
One person performs all six duties, another performs three, one performs two, but the fourth is devoted to the Brahmasatra. Here, the householder's vows are considered great in this world. "12-235-4".
नात्मार्थं पाचयेदन्नं न वृथा घातयेत्पशून्। प्राणी वा यदि वाप्राणी संस्कारं यजुषार्हति ॥१२-२३५-५॥
nātmārthaṃ pācayed annaṃ na vṛthā ghātayet paśūn। prāṇī vā yadi vāprāṇī saṃskāraṃ yajuṣ arhati ॥12-235-5॥
[न (na) - not; आत्मार्थम् (ātmārtham) - for one's own sake; पाचयेत् (pācayet) - should cause to be cooked; अन्नम् (annam) - food; न (na) - not; वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain; घातयेत् (ghātayet) - should cause to be killed; पशून् (paśūn) - animals; प्राणी (prāṇī) - a living being; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अप्राणी (aprāṇī) - non-living being; संस्कारम् (saṃskāram) - ritual preparation; यजुष् (yajuṣ) - with a Vedic formula; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(One should not cause food to be cooked for one's own sake; one should not cause animals to be killed in vain. Whether a being is living or non-living, it deserves ritual preparation with a Vedic formula.)
One should not cook food merely for oneself, nor should one kill animals needlessly. Whether it is a living being or not, it deserves to be ritually prepared with a Vedic formula.
न दिवा प्रस्वपेज्जातु न पूर्वापररात्रयोः। न भुञ्जीतान्तराकाले नानृतावाह्वयेत्स्त्रियम् ॥१२-२३५-६॥
na divā prasvapet jātu na pūrvāpararātrayoḥ। na bhuñjīta antarākāle nānṛtā vāhvyet striyam ॥12-235-6॥
[न (na) - not; दिवा (divā) - by day; प्रस्वपेत् (prasvapet) - should sleep; जातु (jātu) - ever; न (na) - not; पूर्वापररात्रयोः (pūrvāpararātrayoḥ) - in the early or late night; न (na) - not; भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should eat; अन्तराकाले (antarākāle) - at an improper time; न (na) - not; अनृत (anṛta) - false; आवाह्येत् (āvāhvyet) - should invite; स्त्रियम् (striyam) - a woman;]
(Not by day should one ever sleep, not in the early or late night; not should one eat at an improper time, not should one invite a woman with falsehood.)
One should never sleep during the day or in the early or late night; one should not eat at improper times, nor invite a woman with falsehood.
नास्यानश्नन्वसेद्विप्रो गृहे कश्चिदपूजितः। तथास्यातिथयः पूज्या हव्यकव्यवहाः सदा ॥१२-२३५-७॥
nāsyānaśnanvasedvipro gṛhe kaścidapūjitaḥ। tathāsyātithayaḥ pūjyā havyakavyavahāḥ sadā ॥12-235-7॥
[न (na) - not; अस्य (asya) - of him; अनश्नन् (anaśnan) - not eating; वसेत् (vaset) - should stay; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; अपूजितः (apūjitaḥ) - not honored; तथा (tathā) - likewise; स्युः (syuḥ) - should be; अतिथयः (atithayaḥ) - guests; पूज्याः (pūjyāḥ) - to be honored; हव्य (havya) - oblations to gods; कव्य (kavya) - oblations to ancestors; वहाः (vahāḥ) - carriers; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(A brāhmaṇa should not stay in his house without eating, not being honored; likewise, guests, and those who carry havya and kavya (oblations to gods and ancestors) should always be honored.)
A brāhmaṇa should not remain in a house without being fed or honored; likewise, guests and those who carry offerings to gods and ancestors should always be honored.
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाताः श्रोत्रिया वेदपारगाः। स्वधर्मजीविनो दान्ताः क्रियावन्तस्तपस्विनः ॥ तेषां हव्यं च कव्यं चाप्यर्हणार्थं विधीयते ॥१२-२३५-८॥
vedavidyāvratasnātāḥ śrotriyā vedapāragāḥ। svadharmajīvino dāntāḥ kriyāvantastapasvinaḥ॥ teṣāṃ havyaṃ ca kavyaṃ cāpyarhaṇārthaṃ vidhīyate॥12-235-8॥
[वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाताः (vedavidyāvratasnātāḥ) - those initiated in the vow of Vedic knowledge; श्रोत्रियाः (śrotriyāḥ) - learned in the Vedas; वेदपारगाः (vedapāragāḥ) - those who have mastered the Vedas; स्वधर्मजीविनः (svadharmajīvinaḥ) - living by their own dharma; दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-restrained; क्रियावन्तः (kriyāvantaḥ) - performers of rites; तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics; तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them; हव्यम् (havyam) - oblations to gods; च (ca) - and; कव्यम् (kavyam) - oblations to ancestors; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अर्हणार्थम् (arhaṇārtham) - for the purpose of honoring; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed;]
(Those initiated in the vow of Vedic knowledge, learned in the Vedas, those who have mastered the Vedas, living by their own dharma, self-restrained, performers of rites, ascetics—for them, oblations to gods and oblations to ancestors are also prescribed for the purpose of honoring.)
For those who are initiated in the vow of Vedic knowledge, learned in the Vedas, who have mastered the Vedas, who live by their own dharma, who are self-restrained, performers of rites, and ascetics, both offerings to the gods and to the ancestors are prescribed as acts of honor.
न खरैः सम्प्रयातस्य स्वधर्माज्ञानकस्य च। अपविद्धाग्निहोत्रस्य गुरोर्वालीककारिणः ॥१२-२३५-९॥
na kharaiḥ samprayātasya svadharmājñānakasya ca| apaviddhāgnihotrasya gurorvālīkakāriṇaḥ ॥12-235-9॥
[न (na) - not; खरैः (kharaiḥ) - by donkeys; सम्प्रयातस्य (samprayātasya) - of one who has departed; स्वधर्म (svadharma) - one's own dharma; अज्ञानकस्य (ajñānakasya) - of the ignorant; च (ca) - and; अपविद्ध (apaviddha) - cast away; अग्निहोत्रस्य (agnihotrasya) - of the Agnihotra (sacrificial fire); गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; वालीककारिणः (vālīkakāriṇaḥ) - one who makes a sandbank;]
(Not by donkeys, of one who has departed, of one's own dharma, of the ignorant, and; of the cast away Agnihotra, of the teacher, of one who makes a sandbank.)
Not by donkeys, nor by one who has departed, nor by one ignorant of his own dharma, nor by one who has cast away the Agnihotra, nor by a teacher who makes a sandbank.
संविभागोऽत्र भूतानां सर्वेषामेव शिष्यते। तथैवापचमानेभ्यः प्रदेयं गृहमेधिना ॥१२-२३५-१०॥
saṃvibhāgo'tra bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāmeva śiṣyate। tathaivāpacamānebhyaḥ pradeyaṃ gṛhamedhinā ॥12-235-10॥
[संविभागः (saṃvibhāgaḥ) - distribution; अत्र (atra) - here; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; एव (eva) - indeed; शिष्यते (śiṣyate) - is prescribed; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; अपचमानेभ्यः (apacamānebhyaḥ) - to those who cook; प्रदेयम् (pradeyam) - should be given; गृहमेधिना (gṛhamedhinā) - by the householder;]
(Distribution here of beings, of all indeed, is prescribed. In the same way, to those who cook, it should be given by the householder.)
Here, distribution among all beings is prescribed. Likewise, the householder should give (food) to those who cook.
विघसाशी भवेन्नित्यं नित्यं चामृतभोजनः। अमृतं यज्ञशेषं स्याद्भोजनं हविषा समम् ॥ भृत्यशेषं तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥१२-२३५-११॥
vighasāśī bhavennityaṃ nityaṃ cāmṛtabhojanaḥ। amṛtaṃ yajñaśeṣaṃ syādbhojanaṃ haviṣā samam॥ bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yo'śnāti tamāhurvighasāśinam॥12-235-11॥
[विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; च (ca) - and; अमृतभोजनः (amṛtabhojanaḥ) - one who eats nectar; अमृतं (amṛtam) - nectar; यज्ञशेषं (yajñaśeṣam) - sacrifice-remnant; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; भोजनं (bhojanam) - food; हविषा (haviṣā) - with oblation; समम् (samam) - equal; भृत्यशेषं (bhṛtyaśeṣam) - servant-remnant; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats; तम् (tam) - him; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call; विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - eater of remnants;]
(One who eats remnants should always be, and always (is) an eater of nectar. Nectar is the remnant of sacrifice; food is equal to the oblation. But he who eats the remnant of a servant, they call him an eater of remnants.)
One who eats remnants is always considered as one who partakes of nectar. The remnant of a sacrifice is called nectar; food is equal to the oblation. But one who eats the leftovers of a servant is called an eater of remnants.
स्वदारनिरतो दान्तो ह्यनसूयुर्जितेन्द्रियः। ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यैर्मातुलातिथिसंश्रितैः ॥१२-२३५-१२॥
svadāranirato dānto hyanasūyurjitendriyaḥ। ṛtvikpurohitācāryairmātulātithisaṃśritaiḥ ॥12-235-12॥
[स्व (sva) - own; दार (dāra) - wife; निरतः (nirataḥ) - engaged; दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-restrained; हि (hi) - indeed; अनसूयुः (anasūyuḥ) - free from envy; जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses; ऋत्विक् (ṛtvik) - priest; पुरोहित (purohita) - family priest; आचार्यैः (ācāryaiḥ) - with teachers; मातुल (mātula) - maternal uncle; अतिथि (atithi) - guest; संश्रितैः (saṃśritaiḥ) - those who have taken refuge;]
(Engaged with his own wife, self-restrained, indeed free from envy, one who has conquered the senses, with priests, family priests, teachers, maternal uncles, guests, and those who have taken refuge.)
He was devoted to his own wife, self-controlled, free from envy, master of his senses, and was always surrounded by priests, family priests, teachers, maternal uncles, guests, and those who sought his protection.
वृद्धबालातुरैर्वैद्यैर्ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिबान्धवैः। मातापितृभ्यां जामीभिर्भ्रात्रा पुत्रेण भार्यया ॥१२-२३५-१३॥
vṛddhabālāturairvaidyairjñātisambandhibāndhavaiḥ। mātāpitr̥bhyāṃ jāmībhirbhrātrā putreṇa bhāryayā ॥12-235-13॥
[वृद्ध (vṛddha) - old; aged; बाल (bāla) - child; young; आतुरैः (āturaiḥ) - sick; afflicted; वैद्यैः (vaidyaiḥ) - by physicians; ज्ञाति (jñāti) - kinsmen; relatives; सम्बन्धि (sambandhi) - related; connected; बान्धवैः (bāndhavaiḥ) - by friends; companions; माता (mātā) - mother; पितृभ्यां (pitr̥bhyāṃ) - by father; जामीभिः (jāmībhiḥ) - by brothers-in-law; भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by brother; पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by son; भार्यया (bhāryayā) - by wife;]
(By the old, the young, the sick, by physicians, by kinsmen, by relatives, by friends, by mother, by father, by brothers-in-law, by brother, by son, by wife.)
One is cared for by the old, the young, the sick, by physicians, by relatives, by friends, by one's mother and father, by brothers-in-law, by brother, by son, and by wife.
दुहित्रा दासवर्गेण विवादं न समाचरेत्। एतान्विमुच्य संवादान्सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥१२-२३५-१४॥
duhitrā dāsavargeṇa vivādaṃ na samācaret। etānvimucya saṃvādānsarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ॥12-235-14॥
[दुहित्रा (duhitrā) - with the daughter; दासवर्गेण (dāsavargeṇa) - with the group of servants; विवादं (vivādam) - quarrel; न (na) - not; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should perform; एतान् (etān) - these; विमुच्य (vimucya) - having abandoned; संवादान् (saṃvādān) - conversations; सर्वपापैः (sarvapāpaiḥ) - from all sins; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is liberated;]
(One should not engage in quarrel with the daughter or with the group of servants. Having abandoned these conversations, one is liberated from all sins.)
One should avoid disputes with one's daughter and with groups of servants. By refraining from such conversations, one is freed from all sins.
एतैर्जितैस्तु जयति सर्वाँल्लोकान्न संशयः। आचार्यो ब्रह्मलोकेशः प्राजापत्ये पिता प्रभुः ॥१२-२३५-१५॥
etair jitais tu jayati sarvāṁl lokān na saṁśayaḥ। ācāryo brahmalokeśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ ॥12-235-15॥
[एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these; जितैः (jitaiḥ) - by those who are conquered; तु (tu) - but; जयति (jayati) - conquers; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - teacher; ब्रह्मलोकेशः (brahmalokeśaḥ) - lord of Brahma-loka; प्राजापत्ये (prājāpatye) - in the domain of Prajapati; पिता (pitā) - father; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - master;]
(But by these who are conquered, he conquers all worlds, there is no doubt. The teacher is the lord in Brahma-loka, the father is the master in the domain of Prajapati.)
By conquering these, one conquers all worlds—there is no doubt. The teacher is the lord in Brahma-loka; the father is the master in the realm of Prajapati.
अतिथिस्त्विन्द्रलोकेशो देवलोकस्य चर्त्विजः। जामयोऽप्सरसां लोके वैश्वदेवे तु ज्ञातयः ॥१२-२३५-१६॥
atithis tv indralokeśo devalokasya cartvijaḥ। jāmayo'psarasāṃ loke vaiśvadeve tu jñātayaḥ॥12-235-16॥
[अतिथि (atithi) - guest; त्व् (tv) - indeed; इन्द्रलोकेशः (indralokeśaḥ) - lord of Indra's world; देवलोकस्य (devalokasya) - of the world of the gods; च (ca) - and; ऋत्विजः (ṛtvijaḥ) - priests; जामयः (jāmayaḥ) - wives; अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of the apsarases; लोके (loke) - in the world; वैश्वदेवे (vaiśvadeve) - in the Vaiśvadeva rite; तु (tu) - but; ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives;]
(The guest is indeed the lord of Indra's world, the priests of the world of the gods; the wives are in the world of the apsarases, but in the Vaiśvadeva rite, the relatives.)
The guest is regarded as the lord in Indra's world, the priests belong to the world of the gods; the wives are among the apsarases, but in the Vaiśvadeva rite, the relatives are honored.
सम्बन्धिबान्धवा दिक्षु पृथिव्यां मातृमातुलौ। वृद्धबालातुरकृशास्त्वाकाशे प्रभविष्णवः ॥१२-२३५-१७॥
sambandhibāndhavā dikṣu pṛthivyāṃ mātṛmātulau। vṛddhabālāturakṛśāstvākāśe prabhaviṣṇavaḥ ॥12-235-17॥
[सम्बन्धि (sambandhi) - related; बान्धवा (bāndhavā) - kinsmen; दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions; पृथिव्यां (pṛthivyāṃ) - on the earth; मातृ (mātṛ) - mother; मातुलौ (mātulau) - maternal uncle; वृद्ध (vṛddha) - old; aged; बाल (bāla) - child; young; आतुर (ātura) - afflicted; sick; कृशाः (kṛśāḥ) - emaciated; thin; तु (tu) - but; आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky; प्रभविष्णवः (prabhaviṣṇavaḥ) - powerful beings;]
(Related kinsmen in the directions, on the earth, mother and maternal uncle; old, young, afflicted, and emaciated but in the sky, powerful beings.)
There are related kinsmen in all directions on the earth, mothers and maternal uncles; the old, the young, the afflicted, and the emaciated, but in the sky, there are powerful beings.
भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः। छाया स्वा दाशवर्गस्तु दुहिता कृपणं परम् ॥१२-२३५-१८॥
bhrātā jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ। chāyā svā dāśavargastu duhitā kṛpaṇaṃ param ॥12-235-18॥
[भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother; ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder; समः (samaḥ) - equal; पित्रा (pitrā) - to father; भार्या (bhāryā) - wife; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; स्वका (svakā) - one's own; तनुः (tanuḥ) - body; छाया (chāyā) - shadow; स्वा (svā) - one's own; दाशवर्गः (dāśavargaḥ) - servant-group; तु (tu) - but; दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter; कृपणं (kṛpaṇam) - miserable; परम् (param) - supreme;]
(Brother (elder) is equal to father; wife, son, one's own body, shadow, one's own servant-group, but daughter is the most miserable.)
An elder brother is like a father; wife, son, one's own body, shadow, and one's own servants are close, but a daughter is considered the most pitiable.
तस्मादेतैरधिक्षिप्तः सहेन्नित्यमसञ्ज्वरः। गृहधर्मरतो विद्वान्धर्मनित्यो जितक्लमः ॥१२-२३५-१९॥
tasmādetairadhikṣiptaḥ sahennityamasañjvaraḥ। gṛhadharmarato vidvān dharmanityo jitaklamaḥ ॥12-235-19॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these; अधिक्षिप्तः (adhikṣiptaḥ) - oppressed; सहेत् (sahet) - should endure; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; असञ्ज्वरः (asañjvaraḥ) - without agitation; गृहधर्मरतः (gṛhadharmarataḥ) - devoted to household duties; विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise person; धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - steadfast in dharma; जितक्लमः (jitaklamaḥ) - one who has conquered fatigue;]
(Therefore, being oppressed by these, one should always endure without agitation; the wise person devoted to household duties, steadfast in dharma, who has conquered fatigue.)
Therefore, a wise person devoted to household duties, steadfast in dharma, and who has conquered fatigue, should always endure oppression by these without agitation.
न चार्थबद्धः कर्माणि धर्मं वा कञ्चिदाचरेत्। गृहस्थवृत्तयस्तिस्रस्तासां निःश्रेयसं परम् ॥१२-२३५-२०॥
na cārthabaddhaḥ karmāṇi dharmaṃ vā kañcid ācaret। gṛhasthavṛttayas tisras tāsāṃ niḥśreyasaṃ param ॥12-235-20॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अर्थबद्धः (arthabaddhaḥ) - bound to material gain; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; वा (vā) - or; कञ्चित् (kañcit) - any; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should perform; गृहस्थवृत्तयः (gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ) - householder's ways of life; तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three; तासाम् (tāsām) - of these; निःश्रेयसं (niḥśreyasaṃ) - supreme good; परम् (param) - highest; ॥१२-२३५-२०॥ (॥12-235-20॥) -;]
(Not and bound to material gain actions or righteousness any should perform. Householder's ways of life three of these supreme good highest.)
One should not perform any actions or righteousness that are bound to material gain. Of the three ways of the householder's life, the supreme good is the highest among them.
परस्परं तथैवाहुश्चातुराश्रम्यमेव तत्। ये चोक्ता नियमास्तेषां सर्वं कार्यं बुभूषता ॥१२-२३५-२१॥
parasparaṃ tathaivāhuścāturāśramyameva tat। ye coktā niyamāsteṣāṃ sarvaṃ kāryaṃ bubhūṣatā ॥12-235-21॥
[परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually; तथा (tathā) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; चातुराश्रम्यम् (cāturāśramyam) - the system of four āśramas; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; ये (ye) - which; च (ca) - and; उक्ता (uktā) - spoken; नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - rules; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - to be done; बुभूषता (bubhūṣatā) - by one desiring to exist;]
(Mutually thus indeed they say, the system of four āśramas indeed that; which and spoken rules of them all to be done by one desiring to exist.)
Thus, it is said that the system of four āśramas is mutually so; all the rules spoken of them must be followed by one who desires to live.
कुम्भीधान्यैरुञ्छशिलैः कापोतीं चास्थितैस्तथा। यस्मिंश्चैते वसन्त्यर्हास्तद्राष्ट्रमभिवर्धते ॥१२-२३५-२२॥
kumbhīdhānyairuñchaśilaiḥ kāpotīṃ cāsthitaistathā। yasmiṃścaite vasantyarhāstadrāṣṭramabhivardhate ॥12-235-22॥
[कुम्भी-धान्यैः (kumbhī-dhānyaiḥ) - by those who live on stored grain; उञ्छ-शिलैः (uñcha-śilaiḥ) - by those who subsist on gleaned grains; कापोतीम् (kāpotīm) - by those who live like pigeons (i.e., picking grains one by one); च (ca) - and; आस्थितैः (āsthitaḥ) - by those who have adopted (such ways of life); तथा (tathā) - likewise; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which (country); च (ca) - and; एते (ete) - these (people); वसन्ति (vasanti) - dwell; अर्हाः (arhāḥ) - worthy (ones, ascetics); तत् (tat) - that; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - prospers;]
(By those who live on stored grain, by those who subsist on gleaned grains, by those who live like pigeons, and by those who have adopted such ways of life; in which (country) these worthy ones dwell, that kingdom prospers.)
A kingdom in which ascetics who live on stored grain, gleaned grain, or like pigeons, and those who have adopted such austere ways of life, reside—such a kingdom prospers.
दश पूर्वान्दश परान्पुनाति च पितामहान्। गृहस्थवृत्तयस्त्वेता वर्तयेद्यो गतव्यथः ॥१२-२३५-२३॥
daśa pūrvān daśa parān punāti ca pitāmahān। gṛhasthavṛttayas tv etā vartayed yo gatavyathaḥ ॥12-235-23॥
[दश (daśa) - ten; पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - ancestors (previous generations); दश (daśa) - ten; परान् (parān) - descendants (future generations); पुनाति (punāti) - purifies; च (ca) - and; पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - grandfathers; गृहस्थवृत्तयः (gṛhasthavṛttayaḥ) - householder's conduct; तु (tu) - indeed; एता (etā) - these; वर्तयेत् (vartayet) - should maintain; यः (yaḥ) - who; गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - free from distress;]
(Ten ancestors, ten descendants, and grandfathers he purifies; indeed, these householder's conduct should maintain, who is free from distress.)
He who, being free from distress, maintains these householder's duties, purifies ten ancestors, ten descendants, and grandfathers.
स चक्रचरलोकानां सदृशीं प्राप्नुयाद्गतिम्। यतेन्द्रियाणामथ वा गतिरेषा विधीयते ॥१२-२३५-२४॥
sa cakracaralokānāṃ sadṛśīṃ prāpnuyād gatim। yatendriyāṇām atha vā gatir eṣā vidhīyate ॥12-235-24॥
[स (sa) - he; चक्रचर (cakracara) - moving in a circle; लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of the worlds; सदृशीम् (sadṛśīm) - similar; प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may attain; गतिम् (gatim) - state; यत-इन्द्रियाणाम् (yata-indriyāṇām) - of those whose senses are controlled; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; गतिः (gatiḥ) - state; एषा (eṣā) - this; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed;]
(He may attain a state similar to those moving in a circle among the worlds; or, this state is prescribed for those whose senses are controlled.)
He attains a state similar to those who move among the worlds; or, this state is prescribed for those whose senses are controlled.
स्वर्गलोको गृहस्थानामुदारमनसां हितः। स्वर्गो विमानसंयुक्तो वेददृष्टः सुपुष्पितः ॥१२-२३५-२५॥
svargalokō gṛhasthānāmudāramanasāṃ hitaḥ। svargō vimānasaṃyuktō vedadṛṣṭaḥ supuṣpitaḥ ॥12-235-25॥
[स्वर्गलोकः (svargalokaḥ) - heavenly world; गृहस्थानाम् (gṛhasthānām) - of householders; उदारमनसाम् (udārmanasām) - of noble-minded; हितः (hitaḥ) - beneficial; स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven; विमानसंयुक्तः (vimānasaṃyuktaḥ) - endowed with aerial cars; वेददृष्टः (vedadṛṣṭaḥ) - seen in the Vedas; सुपुष्पितः (supuṣpitaḥ) - well-flowered;]
(The heavenly world is beneficial for householders of noble mind. Heaven, endowed with aerial cars, seen in the Vedas, is well-flowered.)
The heavenly realm is beneficial for noble-minded householders. Heaven, adorned with celestial vehicles and described in the Vedas, is beautifully blossoming.
स्वर्गलोके गृहस्थानां प्रतिष्ठा नियतात्मनाम्। ब्रह्मणा विहिता श्रेणिरेषा यस्मात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ द्वितीयं क्रमशः प्राप्य स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥१२-२३५-२६॥
svargaloke gṛhasthānāṃ pratiṣṭhā niyatātmanām। brahmaṇā vihitā śreṇireṣā yasmāt pramucyate ॥ dvitīyaṃ kramaśaḥ prāpya svargaloke mahīyate ॥12-235-26॥
[स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the world of heaven; गृहस्थानाम् (gṛhasthānām) - of householders; प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - establishment; नियतात्मनाम् (niyatātmanām) - of those with controlled self; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā; विहिता (vihitā) - ordained; श्रेणिः (śreṇiḥ) - path; एषा (eṣā) - this; यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from which; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is liberated; द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - the second; क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - in order; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the world of heaven; महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored;]
(In the world of heaven, the establishment of householders with controlled self is the path ordained by Brahmā; from which one is liberated. Having attained the second (stage) in order, one is honored in the world of heaven.)
In the heavenly realm, the foundation for householders who have self-control is a path established by Brahmā, from which liberation is attained. Upon reaching the second stage in due order, one is honored in the world of heaven.
अतः परं परममुदारमाश्रमं; तृतीयमाहुस्त्यजतां कलेवरम्। वनौकसां गृहपतिनामनुत्तमं; शृणुष्वैतत्क्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् ॥१२-२३५-२७॥
ataḥ paraṃ paramamudāramāśramaṃ; tṛtīyamāhustyajatāṃ kalevaram। vanaukasāṃ gṛhapatināmanuttamaṃ; śṛṇuṣvaitatkliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām ॥12-235-27॥
[अतः (ataḥ) - from this; परं (paraṃ) - further; परम (parama) - supreme; उदारम् (udāram) - noble; आश्रमं (āśramaṃ) - hermitage; तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - third; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call; त्यजताम् (tyajatām) - of those who abandon; कलेवरम् (kalevaram) - body; वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest-dwellers; गृहपतिनाम् (gṛhapatinām) - of householders; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed; शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen; एतत् (etat) - this; क्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् (kliṣṭaśarīrakāriṇām) - of those who perform difficult bodily acts;]
(From this, further, the supreme noble hermitage, the third, they call of those who abandon the body; of forest-dwellers, of householders, unsurpassed; listen to this, of those who perform difficult bodily acts.)
Therefore, beyond this is the most noble hermitage, called the third stage for those who renounce the body; among forest-dwellers and householders, it is unsurpassed. Listen to this concerning those who undertake arduous bodily practices.
