12.277
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कथं नु मुक्तः पृथिवीं चरेदस्मद्विधो नृपः। नित्यं कैश्च गुणैर्युक्तः सङ्गपाशाद्विमुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-१॥
kathaṁ nu muktaḥ pṛthivīṁ cared asmad-vidho nṛpaḥ। nityaṁ kaiś ca guṇair yuktaḥ saṅga-pāśād vimucyate॥12-277-1॥
[कथं (kathaṁ) - how; नु (nu) - indeed; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṁ) - earth; चरेत् (caret) - should move; अस्मद्विधः (asmad-vidhaḥ) - like us; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always; कैश्च (kaiś ca) - with which; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - qualities; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed; सङ्गपाशात् (saṅga-pāśāt) - from the bond of attachment; विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is released;]
(How indeed should a liberated king like us move on the earth? Always endowed with which qualities is one released from the bond of attachment?)
How should a liberated king like us conduct himself in the world? By being always endowed with what qualities is one freed from the bonds of attachment?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि इतिहासं पुरातनम्। अरिष्टनेमिना प्रोक्तं सगरायानुपृच्छते ॥१२-२७७-२॥
atra te vartayiṣyāmi itihāsaṃ purātanam। ariṣṭaneminā proktaṃ sagarāyānupṛcchate ॥12-277-2॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; ते (te) - to you; वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall narrate; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; अरिष्टनेमिना (ariṣṭaneminā) - by Ariṣṭanemi; प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken; सगराय (sagarāya) - to Sagara; अनुपृच्छते (anupṛcchate) - when (he) inquired;]
(Here to you I shall narrate the ancient history, spoken by Ariṣṭanemi to Sagara when he inquired.)
Here, I will tell you the ancient story that Ariṣṭanemi told to Sagara when he asked.
सगर उवाच॥
sagara uvāca॥
[सगर (sagara) - Sagara; (proper noun, name of a king); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Sagara said;)
Sagara said.
किं श्रेयः परमं ब्रह्मन्कृत्वेह सुखमश्नुते। कथं न शोचेन्न क्षुभ्येदेतदिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥१२-२७७-३॥
kiṃ śreyaḥ paramaṃ brahman kṛtveha sukham aśnute. kathaṃ na śocen na kṣubhyed etad icchāmi veditum ॥12-277-3॥
[किं (kiṃ) - what; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - highest good; परमं (paramam) - supreme; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; इह (iha) - here; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains; कथम् (katham) - how; न (na) - not; शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve; न (na) - not; क्षुभ्येत् (kṣubhyet) - should be disturbed; एतत् (etat) - this; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know;]
(What is the highest good, O Brāhmaṇa, having done which one attains happiness here? How does one not grieve, not become disturbed? This I wish to know.)
O Brāhmaṇa, what is the supreme good, by doing which one attains happiness here? How can one neither grieve nor be disturbed? I wish to know this.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
एवमुक्तस्तदा तार्क्ष्यः सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः। विबुध्य सम्पदं चाग्र्यां सद्वाक्यमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१२-२७७-४॥
evam-uktas-tadā tārkṣyaḥ sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ। vibudhya sampadaṃ cāgryāṃ sad-vākyam-idam-abravīt ॥12-277-4॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been spoken; तदा (tadā) - then; तार्क्ष्यः (tārkṣyaḥ) - Tārkṣya (Garuda); सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः (sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ) - expert in all śāstras; विबुध्य (vibudhya) - having understood; सम्पदं (sampadam) - prosperity; च (ca) - and; आग्र्यां (āgryām) - excellent; सद्वाक्यम् (sad-vākyam) - good words; इदम् (idam) - this; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke;]
(Thus having been spoken, then Tārkṣya, expert in all śāstras, having understood the excellent prosperity and the good words, spoke this.)
After these words were spoken, Tārkṣya, the expert in all śāstras, having realized the excellent prosperity and the good words, spoke as follows.
सुखं मोक्षसुखं लोके न च लोकोऽवगच्छति। प्रसक्तः पुत्रपशुषु धनधान्यसमाकुलः ॥१२-२७७-५॥
sukhaṃ mokṣasukhaṃ loke na ca loko'vagacchati। prasaktaḥ putrapaśuṣu dhanadhānyasamākulaḥ ॥12-277-5॥
[सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; मोक्षसुखम् (mokṣasukham) - liberation-happiness; लोके (loke) - in the world; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; लोकः (lokaḥ) - people; अवगच्छति (avagacchati) - understand; प्रसक्तः (prasaktaḥ) - attached; पुत्रपशुषु (putrapaśuṣu) - to sons and cattle; धनधान्यसमाकुलः (dhanadhānyasamākulaḥ) - overwhelmed by wealth and grain;]
(Happiness, liberation-happiness, in the world, not and people understand; attached to sons and cattle, overwhelmed by wealth and grain.)
People in this world do not understand the happiness of liberation; being attached to sons, cattle, and overwhelmed by wealth and grain.
सक्तबुद्धिरशान्तात्मा न स शक्यश्चिकित्सितुम्। स्नेहपाशसितो मूढो न स मोक्षाय कल्पते ॥१२-२७७-६॥
saktabuddhiraśāntātmā na sa śakyaścikitsitum। snehapāśasito mūḍho na sa mokṣāya kalpate ॥12-277-6॥
[सक्त (sakta) - attached; बुद्धि (buddhi) - intellect; अशान्त (aśānta) - unpeaceful; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; न (na) - not; स (sa) - he; शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - capable; चिकित्सितुम् (cikitsitum) - to be cured; स्नेह (sneha) - affection; पाश (pāśa) - bond; सित (sita) - bound; मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded; न (na) - not; स (sa) - he; मोक्षाय (mokṣāya) - for liberation; कल्पते (kalpate) - is fit;]
(One whose intellect is attached, whose self is unpeaceful, he is not capable of being cured. Bound by the bond of affection, deluded, he is not fit for liberation.)
A person whose intellect is attached and whose mind is restless cannot be cured; one who is bound by the ties of affection and is deluded is not fit for liberation.
स्नेहजानिह ते पाशान्वक्ष्यामि शृणु तान्मम। सकर्णकेन शिरसा शक्याश्छेत्तुं विजानता ॥१२-२७७-७॥
snehajāniha te pāśānvakṣyāmi śṛṇu tānmama। sakarṇakena śirasā śakyāśchettuṃ vijānatā ॥12-277-7॥
[स्नेहजानि (snehajāni) - born of affection; हि (hi) - indeed; ते (te) - your; पाशान् (pāśān) - bonds; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will explain; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; तान् (tān) - those; मम (mama) - my; सकर्णकेन (sakarṇakena) - with the ear-ornamented (head); शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head; शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible; छेत्तुम् (chettum) - to cut; विजानता (vijānatā) - by the wise; १२-२७७-७ (12-277-7) - 12-277-7;]
(Born of affection indeed your bonds I will explain, listen to those of mine; with the ear-ornamented head, by the wise, it is possible to cut them.)
Listen as I explain to you the bonds born of affection; those of mine can be cut by the wise with a head adorned with ear-ornaments.
सम्भाव्य पुत्रान्कालेन यौवनस्थान्निवेश्य च। समर्थाञ्जीवने ज्ञात्वा मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम् ॥१२-२७७-८॥
sambhāvya putrān kālena yauvanasthān niveśya ca। samarthān jīvane jñātvā muktaś cara yathā-sukham ॥12-277-8॥
[सम्भाव्य (sambhāvya) - having considered; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; कालेन (kālena) - in due time; यौवनस्थान् (yauvanasthān) - those in the state of youth; निवेश्य (niveśya) - having established; च (ca) - and; समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable; जीवने (jīvane) - in livelihood; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed; चर (cara) - move; यथा (yathā) - as; सुखम् (sukham) - comfort;]
(Having considered sons, in due time, having established those in the state of youth, and having known them capable in livelihood, being freed, move as (you wish) in comfort.)
After considering your sons, and in due time establishing those who are in their youth, and knowing them to be capable in their livelihood, you may live freely and comfortably.
भार्यां पुत्रवतीं वृद्धां लालितां पुत्रवत्सलाम्। ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि काले त्वं परार्थमनुदृश्य च ॥१२-२७७-९॥
bhāryāṃ putravatīṃ vṛddhāṃ lālitāṃ putravatsalām। jñātvā prajahi kāle tvaṃ parārtham anudṛśya ca ॥12-277-9॥
[भार्यां (bhāryām) - wife (accusative singular); पुत्रवतीं (putravatīm) - having a son; वृद्धां (vṛddhām) - aged; लालितां (lālitām) - cherished; पुत्रवत्सलाम् (putravatsalām) - affectionate towards her son; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known; प्रजहि (prajahi) - abandon; काले (kāle) - at the proper time; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; परार्थम् (parārtham) - for the sake of another; अनुदृश्य (anudṛśya) - considering; च (ca) - and;]
(Wife having a son, aged, cherished, affectionate towards her son—having known, abandon at the proper time, you, for the sake of another, considering, and.)
Having recognized a wife who is aged, cherished, and affectionate towards her son, and who has a son, you should abandon her at the proper time, considering the interests of another.
सापत्यो निरपत्यो वा मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम्। इन्द्रियैरिन्द्रियार्थांस्त्वमनुभूय यथाविधि ॥१२-२७७-१०॥
sāpatyo nirapatyo vā muktaścara yathāsukham। indriyairindriyārthāṃstvamanubhūya yathāvidhi ॥12-277-10॥
[सापत्यः (sāpatyaḥ) - with offspring; निरपत्यः (nirapatyaḥ) - without offspring; वा (vā) - or; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; चर (cara) - move; यथा (yathā) - as; सुखम् (sukham) - comfort; इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - with senses; इन्द्रियार्थान् (indriyārthān) - sense-objects; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; यथा (yathā) - as; विधि (vidhi) - rule;]
(With offspring, without offspring, or liberated, move as is comfortable. With the senses, having experienced the sense-objects as per rule, you (should act).)
Whether you have offspring, are without offspring, or are liberated, act as is comfortable. Experience the sense-objects with your senses according to the prescribed rule.
कृतकौतूहलस्तेषु मुक्तश्चर यथासुखम्। उपपत्त्योपलब्धेषु लाभेषु च समो भव ॥१२-२७७-११॥
kṛtakautūhalasteṣu muktaścara yathāsukham। upapattyopalabdheṣu lābheṣu ca samo bhava ॥12-277-11॥
[कृत-कौतूहलः (kṛta-kautūhalaḥ) - one whose curiosity has been satisfied; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; चर (cara) - move; यथा-सुखम् (yathā-sukham) - as is comfortable; उपपत्त्या (upapattyā) - by reasoning; उपलब्धेषु (upalabdheṣu) - in what is attained; लाभेषु (lābheṣu) - in gains; च (ca) - and; समः (samaḥ) - equanimous; भव (bhava) - be;]
(One whose curiosity has been satisfied among them, move liberated as is comfortable; by reasoning, in what is attained and in gains, be equanimous.)
Having satisfied your curiosity among them, move about freely as you please; by reasoning, be equanimous in what is attained and in gains.
एष तावत्समासेन तव सङ्कीर्तितो मया। मोक्षार्थो विस्तरेणापि भूयो वक्ष्यामि तच्छृणु ॥१२-२७७-१२॥
eṣa tāvatsamāsena tava saṅkīrtito mayā। mokṣārtho vistareṇāpi bhūyo vakṣyāmi tacchṛṇu ॥12-277-12॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; तावत् (tāvat) - so far; समासेन (samāsena) - in summary; तव (tava) - your; सङ्कीर्तितः (saṅkīrtitaḥ) - has been described; मया (mayā) - by me; मोक्षार्थः (mokṣārthaḥ) - the purpose of liberation; विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail; अपि (api) - also; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak; तत् (tat) - that; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(This so far in summary your has been described by me. The purpose of liberation in detail also again I shall speak, that listen.)
Thus far, I have described to you in summary. Now, I shall again explain in detail the purpose of liberation; listen to that.
मुक्ता वीतभया लोके चरन्ति सुखिनो नराः। सक्तभावा विनश्यन्ति नरास्तत्र न संशयः ॥१२-२७७-१३॥
muktā vītabhayā loke caranti sukhino narāḥ। saktabhāvā vinaśyanti narāstatra na saṃśayaḥ॥12-277-13॥
[मुक्ता (muktā) - liberated; वीतभया (vītabhayā) - free from fear; लोके (loke) - in the world; चरन्ति (caranti) - move; सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy; नराः (narāḥ) - men; सक्तभावाः (saktabhāvāḥ) - those with attachment; विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - perish; नराः (narāḥ) - men; तत्र (tatra) - there; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(Liberated, free from fear, in the world, move, happy, men; those with attachment, perish, men; there, not, doubt.)
Liberated and fearless men move happily in the world; men with attachment perish—there is no doubt about this.
आहारसञ्चयाश्चैव तथा कीटपिपीलिकाः। असक्ताः सुखिनो लोके सक्ताश्चैव विनाशिनः ॥१२-२७७-१४॥
āhārasañcayāścaiva tathā kīṭapipīlikāḥ। asaktāḥ sukhino loke saktāścaiva vināśinaḥ ॥12-277-14॥
[आहार (āhāra) - food; सञ्चयाः (sañcayāḥ) - accumulators; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; कीट (kīṭa) - insects; पिपीलिकाः (pipīlikāḥ) - ants; असक्ताः (asaktāḥ) - unattached; सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy; लोके (loke) - in the world; सक्ताः (saktāḥ) - attached; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विनाशिनः (vināśinaḥ) - perishable;]
(Food accumulators and likewise insects and ants; unattached are happy in the world, and attached indeed are perishable.)
Those who accumulate food, as well as insects and ants, those who are unattached are happy in the world, but those who are attached are indeed perishable.
स्वजने न च ते चिन्ता कर्तव्या मोक्षबुद्धिना। इमे मया विनाभूता भविष्यन्ति कथं त्विति ॥१२-२७७-१५॥
svajane na ca te cintā kartavyā mokṣabuddhinā। ime mayā vinābhūtā bhaviṣyanti kathaṃ tviti ॥12-277-15॥
[स्वजने (svajane) - in one's own people; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - your; चिन्ता (cintā) - worry; कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - should be done; मोक्षबुद्धिना (mokṣabuddhinā) - by one intent on liberation; इमे (ime) - these; मया (mayā) - by me; विना (vinā) - without; अभूता (abhūtā) - having become; भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - will be; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; त्विति (tv iti) - ‘about you’ thus;]
(In one's own people, not and your worry should be done by one intent on liberation. These, by me without, having become, will be; how ‘about you’ thus.)
One intent on liberation should not worry about their own people. These people, without me, will manage; do not think, 'How will they be without you?'
स्वयमुत्पद्यते जन्तुः स्वयमेव विवर्धते। सुखदुःखे तथा मृत्युं स्वयमेवाधिगच्छति ॥१२-२७७-१६॥
svayam utpadyate jantuḥ svayam eva vivardhate। sukha-duḥkhe tathā mṛtyuṃ svayam eva adhigacchati ॥12-277-16॥
[स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself; उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - is born; जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature; स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself; एव (eva) - indeed; विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows; सुख (sukha) - happiness; दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in sorrow; तथा (tathā) - likewise; मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death; स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself; एव (eva) - indeed; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains;]
(By oneself a creature is born, by oneself indeed grows; in happiness and sorrow likewise, death by oneself indeed attains.)
A being is born by its own actions, grows by itself; likewise, it experiences happiness, sorrow, and ultimately attains death by itself.
भोजनाच्छादने चैव मात्रा पित्रा च सङ्ग्रहम्। स्वकृतेनाधिगच्छन्ति लोके नास्त्यकृतं पुरा ॥१२-२७७-१७॥
bhojanācchādane caiva mātrā pitrā ca saṅgraham। svakṛtenādhigacchanti loke nāstyakṛtaṃ purā ॥12-277-17॥
[भोजन (bhojana) - food; आच्छादने (ācchādane) - clothing; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मात्रा (mātrā) - by the mother; पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; च (ca) - and; सङ्ग्रहम् (saṅgraham) - support; स्वकृतेन (svakṛtena) - by one's own actions; अधिगच्छन्ति (adhigacchanti) - attain; लोके (loke) - in the world; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - there is; अकृतम् (akṛtam) - unearned; पुरा (purā) - formerly;]
(Food, clothing, and support from the mother and father indeed, in the world, are attained by one's own actions; there is nothing unearned formerly.)
In this world, food, clothing, and support from mother and father are obtained only by one's own actions; nothing is ever gained without effort, even in the past.
धात्रा विहितभक्ष्याणि सर्वभूतानि मेदिनीम्। लोके विपरिधावन्ति रक्षितानि स्वकर्मभिः ॥१२-२७७-१८॥
dhātrā vihitabhakṣyāṇi sarvabhūtāni medinīm। loke viparidhāvanti rakṣitāni svakarmabhiḥ ॥12-277-18॥
[धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator; विहितभक्ष्याणि (vihitabhakṣyāṇi) - those whose food is ordained; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth; लोके (loke) - in the world; विपरिधावन्ति (viparidhāvanti) - move about everywhere; रक्षितानि (rakṣitāni) - protected; स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own actions;]
(By the Creator, those whose food is ordained, all beings, the earth, in the world, move about everywhere, protected by their own actions.)
All beings whose food is ordained by the Creator move about the earth in this world, protected by their own actions.
स्वयं मृत्पिण्डभूतस्य परतन्त्रस्य सर्वदा। को हेतुः स्वजनं पोष्टुं रक्षितुं वादृढात्मनः ॥१२-२७७-१९॥
svayaṃ mṛtpiṇḍabhūtasya paratantrasya sarvadā। ko hetuḥ svajanaṃ poṣṭuṃ rakṣituṃ vā dṛḍhātmanaḥ ॥12-277-19॥
[स्वयं (svayam) - oneself; मृत्पिण्डभूतस्य (mṛtpiṇḍabhūtasya) - of one who has become a lump of clay; परतन्त्रस्य (paratantrasya) - of the dependent; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always; को (ko) - what; हेतुः (hetuḥ) - reason; स्वजनं (svajanam) - one's own people; पोष्टुम् (poṣṭum) - to nourish; रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect; वा (vā) - or; दृढात्मनः (dṛḍhātmanaḥ) - of the steadfast-minded; ॥१२-२७७-१९॥ (॥12-277-19॥) - ;]
(Oneself, of one who has become a lump of clay, of the dependent, always; what reason (is there) to nourish or to protect one's own people for the steadfast-minded?)
For one who is always dependent, who himself has become like a lump of clay, what reason is there for a steadfast person to nourish or protect his own people?
स्वजनं हि यदा मृत्युर्हन्त्येव तव पश्यतः। कृतेऽपि यत्ने महति तत्र बोद्धव्यमात्मना ॥१२-२७७-२०॥
svajanaṃ hi yadā mṛtyur hantyeva tava paśyataḥ। kṛte'pi yatne mahati tatra boddhavyam ātmanā ॥12-277-20॥
[स्वजनम् (svajanam) - own people; हि (hi) - indeed; यदा (yadā) - when; मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; एव (eva) - only; तव (tava) - your; पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while you are seeing; कृते (kṛte) - even though done; अपि (api) - even; यत्ने (yatne) - in effort; महति (mahati) - great; तत्र (tatra) - there; बोद्धव्यम् (boddhavyam) - to be understood; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself;]
(When death indeed kills your own people while you are seeing, even though great effort is made there, it is to be understood by oneself.)
When death takes away your own people before your eyes, even after making great effort, one must understand this by oneself.
जीवन्तमपि चैवैनं भरणे रक्षणे तथा। असमाप्ते परित्यज्य पश्चादपि मरिष्यसि ॥१२-२७७-२१॥
jīvantam api ca eva enam bharaṇe rakṣaṇe tathā। asamāpte parityajya paścāt api mariṣyasi ॥12-277-21॥
[जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - living; अपि (api) - even; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; एनम् (enam) - him; भरणे (bharaṇe) - in maintenance; रक्षणे (rakṣaṇe) - in protection; तथा (tathā) - likewise; असमाप्ते (asamāpte) - when unfinished; परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; अपि (api) - even; मर्ष्यसि (mariṣyasi) - you will die;]
(Even while he is living, indeed, him in maintenance and protection likewise, when unfinished, having abandoned, afterwards even, you will die.)
If you abandon him while he is still alive, without completing his maintenance and protection, you will die afterwards as well.
यदा मृतश्च स्वजनं न ज्ञास्यसि कथञ्चन। सुखितं दुःखितं वापि ननु बोद्धव्यमात्मना ॥१२-२७७-२२॥
yadā mṛtaś ca svajanaṃ na jñāsyasi kathaṃcana। sukhitaṃ duḥkhitaṃ vāpi nanu boddhavyam ātmanā ॥12-277-22॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead; च (ca) - and; स्वजनम् (svajanam) - one's own people; न (na) - not; ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way; सुखितम् (sukhitam) - happy; दुःखितम् (duḥkhitam) - unhappy; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; ननु (nanu) - indeed; बोद्धव्यम् (boddhavyam) - to be understood; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by oneself;]
(When dead and you do not know your own people in any way, whether happy or unhappy, indeed, it is to be understood by oneself.)
When you are dead and can no longer recognize your own people in any way, whether they are happy or unhappy, this is something you must truly understand for yourself.
मृते वा त्वयि जीवे वा यदि भोक्ष्यति वै जनः। स्वकृतं ननु बुद्ध्वैवं कर्तव्यं हितमात्मनः ॥१२-२७७-२३॥
mṛte vā tvayi jīve vā yadi bhokṣyati vai janaḥ। svakṛtaṃ nanu buddhvaivaṃ kartavyaṃ hitamātmanaḥ ॥12-277-23॥
[मृते (mṛte) - when dead; वा (vā) - or; त्वयि (tvayi) - you; जीवे (jīve) - when alive; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; भोक्ष्यति (bhokṣyati) - will enjoy; वै (vai) - indeed; जनः (janaḥ) - person; स्वकृतं (svakṛtaṃ) - one's own action; ननु (nanu) - indeed; बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṃ) - what is to be done; हितम् (hitam) - beneficial; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for oneself;]
(When dead or when you are alive, if indeed a person will enjoy (the results of) one's own actions, having thus understood, what is to be done that is beneficial for oneself (should be done).)
Whether you are dead or alive, if a person indeed enjoys the results of their own actions, then, having understood this, one should do what is beneficial for oneself.
एवं विजानँल्लोकेऽस्मिन्कः कस्येत्यभिनिश्चितः। मोक्षे निवेशय मनो भूयश्चाप्युपधारय ॥१२-२७७-२४॥
evaṃ vijānaṃlloke'sminkaḥ kasyetyabhinischitaḥ। mokṣe niveśaya mano bhūyaścāpyupadhāraya ॥12-277-24॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; विजानन् (vijānan) - knowing; लोके (loke) - in the world; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; कः (kaḥ) - who; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; इति (iti) - thus; अभिनिश्चितः (abhinischitaḥ) - firmly determined; मोक्षे (mokṣe) - in liberation; निवेशय (niveśaya) - place; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उपधारय (upadhāraya) - consider;]
(Thus, knowing in this world, who is whose, being firmly determined, place the mind in liberation, and again also consider (this).)
Thus, having understood in this world who belongs to whom, and being firmly resolved, direct your mind towards liberation and again reflect upon this.
क्षुत्पिपासादयो भावा जिता यस्येह देहिनः। क्रोधो लोभस्तथा मोहः सत्त्ववान्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-२५॥
kṣutpipāsādayo bhāvā jitā yasyaiha dehinaḥ। krodho lobhastathā mohaḥ sattvavān mukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-25॥
[क्षुत् (kṣut) - hunger; पिपासा (pipāsā) - thirst; आदयः (ādayaḥ) - and the like; भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states; जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered; यस्य (yasya) - whose; इह (iha) - here; देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed; तथा (tathā) - as well as; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - possessed of firmness; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Hunger, thirst, and the like states conquered, whose here of the embodied one; anger, greed, as well as delusion; possessed of firmness, liberated indeed he.)
He whose states such as hunger and thirst are conquered here, whose anger, greed, and delusion are also subdued—he, being steadfast, is indeed liberated.
द्यूते पाने तथा स्त्रीषु मृगयायां च यो नरः। न प्रमाद्यति संमोहात्सततं मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-२६॥
dyūte pāne tathā strīṣu mṛgayāyāṃ ca yo naraḥ। na pramādyati saṃmohāt satataṃ mukta eva saḥ॥12-277-26॥
[द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling; पाने (pāne) - in drinking; तथा (tathā) - likewise; स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - with women; मृगयायां (mṛgayāyāṃ) - in hunting; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; नरः (naraḥ) - man; न (na) - not; प्रमाद्यति (pramādyati) - becomes careless; संमोहात् (saṃmohāt) - from delusion; सततं (satataṃ) - always; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(In gambling, in drinking, likewise with women, in hunting, and who man not becomes careless from delusion, always liberated indeed he.)
He who does not become careless out of delusion in gambling, drinking, with women, or hunting is always truly liberated.
दिवसे दिवसे नाम रात्रौ रात्रौ सदा सदा। भोक्तव्यमिति यः खिन्नो दोषबुद्धिः स उच्यते ॥१२-२७७-२७॥
divase divase nāma rātrau rātrau sadā sadā। bhoktavyamiti yaḥ khinno doṣabuddhiḥ sa ucyate ॥12-277-27॥
[दिवसे (divase) - in the day; दिवसे (divase) - in the day; नाम (nāma) - indeed; रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night; रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night; सदा (sadā) - always; सदा (sadā) - always; भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - to be eaten; इति (iti) - thus; यः (yaḥ) - who; खिन्नः (khinnaḥ) - distressed; दोषबुद्धिः (doṣabuddhiḥ) - one with a fault-finding mind; सः (saḥ) - he; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(In the day, in the day, indeed, at night, at night, always, always, "to be eaten" thus, who is distressed, one with a fault-finding mind, he is called.)
He who is always anxious, thinking day after day, night after night, "It must be eaten," and is distressed with a fault-finding mind, is called one with a critical disposition.
आत्मभावं तथा स्त्रीषु मुक्तमेव पुनः पुनः। यः पश्यति सदा युक्तो यथावन्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-२८॥
ātmabhāvaṃ tathā strīṣu muktameva punaḥ punaḥ। yaḥ paśyati sadā yukto yathāvanmukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-28॥
[आत्मभावं (ātmabhāvaṃ) - self-nature; essence of self; तथा (tathā) - likewise; in the same way; स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - in women; मुक्तम् (muktam) - liberated; free; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; सदा (sadā) - always; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged; united; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; as it is; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Self-nature likewise in women liberated indeed again and again; who sees always engaged properly liberated indeed he.)
He who always sees the essence of self and liberation in women, again and again, and remains properly united, is indeed liberated.
सम्भवं च विनाशं च भूतानां चेष्टितं तथा। यस्तत्त्वतो विजानाति लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-२९॥
sambhavaṃ ca vināśaṃ ca bhūtānāṃ ceṣṭitaṃ tathā। yas tattvato vijānāti loke 'smin mukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-29॥
[सम्भवम् (sambhavam) - origin; creation; च (ca) - and; विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction; dissolution; च (ca) - and; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; चेष्टितम् (ceṣṭitam) - activity; conduct; तथा (tathā) - also; likewise; यः (yaḥ) - who; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in reality; truly; विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows; understands; लोके (loke) - in the world; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; free; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Origin and destruction and the activity of beings likewise—who in reality knows (this) in this world, he indeed is liberated.)
He who truly knows the origin, destruction, and activities of beings in this world is indeed liberated.
प्रस्थं वाहसहस्रेषु यात्रार्थं चैव कोटिषु। प्रासादे मञ्चकस्थानं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-३०॥
prasthaṃ vāhasahasreṣu yātrārthaṃ caiva koṭiṣu| prāsāde mañcakastānaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ॥12-277-30॥
[प्रस्थम् (prastham) - a measure (prastha); वाह-सहस्रेषु (vāha-sahasreṣu) - in thousands of vehicles; यात्रार्थम् (yātrārtham) - for the purpose of journey; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कोटिषु (koṭiṣu) - in crores; प्रासादे (prāsāde) - in the palace; मञ्चक-स्थानम् (mañcaka-sthānam) - the place of the couch; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; सः (saḥ) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated;]
(A measure (prastha) among thousands of vehicles, for the purpose of journey and indeed in crores; in the palace, the place of the couch, who sees, he is liberated.)
Whoever sees the place of the couch in the palace, even among thousands of vehicles and crores for the purpose of journey, is liberated.
मृत्युनाभ्याहतं लोकं व्याधिभिश्चोपपीडितम्। अवृत्तिकर्शितं चैव यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-३१॥
mṛtyunābhyāhataṃ lokaṃ vyādhibhiścopapīḍitam। avṛttikarśitaṃ caiva yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ॥12-277-31॥
[मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death; अभ्याहतम् (abhyāhatam) - struck; लोकम् (lokam) - world; व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by diseases; च (ca) - and; उपपीडितम् (upapīḍitam) - afflicted; अवृत्तिकर्शितम् (avṛttikarśitam) - emaciated by lack of livelihood; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; सः (saḥ) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated;]
(Who sees the world struck by death, afflicted by diseases, and emaciated by lack of livelihood, he is liberated.)
He who perceives the world as struck by death, afflicted by diseases, and emaciated by lack of livelihood is liberated.
यः पश्यति सुखी तुष्टो नपश्यंश्च विहन्यते। यश्चाप्यल्पेन सन्तुष्टो लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३२॥
yaḥ paśyati sukhī tuṣṭo napaśyaṃś ca vihanyate। yaś cāpy alpena santuṣṭo loke'smin mukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-32॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; सुखी (sukhī) - happy; तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - content; न (na) - not; पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing; च (ca) - and; विहन्यते (vihanyate) - is afflicted; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - even; अल्पेन (alpena) - with little; सन्तुष्टः (santuṣṭaḥ) - content; लोके (loke) - in the world; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Who sees, is happy, content, not seeing and is afflicted; and who even with little is content in this world, he indeed is liberated.)
He who, whether seeing or not seeing, remains happy and content and is not disturbed; and he who is content with even a little in this world, he indeed is truly liberated.
अग्नीषोमाविदं सर्वमिति यश्चानुपश्यति। न च संस्पृश्यते भावैरद्भुतैर्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३३॥
agnīṣomāvidaṃ sarvamiti yaścānupaśyati। na ca saṃspṛśyate bhāvairadbhutairmukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-33॥
[अग्नीषोमाव् (agnīṣomāv) - Agni and Soma; (the two deities) इदं (idaṃ) - this; (referring to all this) सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; (everything) इति (iti) - thus; (so) यः (yaḥ) - who; (whoever) च (ca) - and; अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - perceives; (sees accordingly) न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; संस्पृश्यते (saṃspṛśyate) - is touched; (is affected) भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by states; (by conditions) अद्भुतैः (adbhutaiḥ) - by wondrous; (marvelous) मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; (freed) एव (eva) - indeed; (certainly) सः (saḥ) - he; (that person);]
(Whoever perceives all this as Agni and Soma thus, he is not touched by wondrous states and is indeed liberated.)
Whoever sees all this as Agni and Soma, is untouched by wondrous conditions and is truly liberated.
पर्यङ्कशय्या भूमिश्च समाने यस्य देहिनः। शालयश्च कदन्नं च यस्य स्यान्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३४॥
paryaṅkaśayyā bhūmiś ca samāne yasya dehinaḥ। śālayaś ca kadannaṃ ca yasya syān mukta eva saḥ॥12-277-34॥
[पर्यङ्क (paryaṅka) - couch; शय्या (śayyā) - bed; भूमि (bhūmi) - ground; च (ca) - and; समाने (samāne) - equal; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - embodied being; शालयः (śālayaḥ) - rice; च (ca) - and; कदन्नम् (kadannam) - bad food; च (ca) - and; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; स्यात् (syāt) - there is; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Couch, bed, and ground are equal for whom, of the embodied being; rice and bad food and for whom there is, he indeed is liberated.)
He who regards couch, bed, and ground as equal, and to whom rice and bad food are the same, he indeed is liberated.
क्षौमं च कुशचीरं च कौशेयं वल्कलानि च। आविकं चर्म च समं यस्य स्यान्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३५॥
kṣaumaṃ ca kuśacīraṃ ca kauśeyaṃ valkalāni ca। āvikaṃ carma ca samaṃ yasya syān mukta eva saḥ॥12-277-35॥
[क्षौमम् (kṣaumam) - linen; silk-cloth; च (ca) - and; कुशचीरम् (kuśacīram) - garment of kuśa grass; च (ca) - and; कौशेयम् (kauśeyam) - silk; वल्कलानि (valkalāni) - bark garments; च (ca) - and; आविकम् (āvikam) - woolen; चर्म (carma) - leather; च (ca) - and; समम् (samam) - equal; the same; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; स्यात् (syāt) - there is; exists; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; free; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Linen and garment of kuśa grass and silk and bark garments and woolen and leather and equal of whom exists, liberated indeed he.)
He who regards linen, kuśa grass garments, silk, bark garments, woolen, and leather as equal is truly liberated.
पञ्चभूतसमुद्भूतं लोकं यश्चानुपश्यति। तथा च वर्तते दृष्ट्वा लोकेऽस्मिन्मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३६॥
pañcabhūtasamudbhūtaṃ lokaṃ yaścānupaśyati। tathā ca vartate dṛṣṭvā loke'sminmukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-36॥
[पञ्च (pañca) - five; भूत (bhūta) - elements; समुद्भूतं (samudbhūtaṃ) - arisen together; लोकं (lokaṃ) - world; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - perceives; तथा (tathā) - thus; च (ca) - and; वर्तते (vartate) - acts; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; लोके (loke) - in the world; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; मुक्त (mukta) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Who perceives the world arisen from the five elements, and thus acts, having seen (this) in this world, he indeed is liberated.)
He who perceives the world as arisen from the five elements and acts accordingly, having seen this in the world, is indeed liberated.
सुखदुःखे समे यस्य लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ। इच्छाद्वेषौ भयोद्वेगौ सर्वथा मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-३७॥
sukhaduḥkhe same yasya lābhālābhau jayājayau। icchādveṣau bhayodvegau sarvathā mukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-37॥
[सुख (sukha) - happiness; दुःखे (duḥkhe) - sorrow; समे (same) - equal; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; लाभ (lābha) - gain; अलाभौ (alābhau) - and loss; जय (jaya) - victory; अजयौ (ajayau) - and defeat; इच्छा (icchā) - desire; द्वेषौ (dveṣau) - and aversion; भय (bhaya) - fear; उद्वेगौ (udvegau) - and agitation; सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way; मुक्त (mukta) - liberated; एव (eva) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Happiness and sorrow being equal, of whom gain and loss, victory and defeat, desire and aversion, fear and agitation (are equal), in every way liberated indeed he.)
He who is equal in happiness and sorrow, gain and loss, victory and defeat, desire and aversion, fear and agitation, is indeed liberated in every way.
रक्तमूत्रपुरीषाणां दोषाणां सञ्चयं तथा। शरीरं दोषबहुलं दृष्ट्वा चेदं विमुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-३८॥
raktamūtrapurīṣāṇāṃ doṣāṇāṃ sañcayaṃ tathā। śarīraṃ doṣabahulaṃ dṛṣṭvā ca idaṃ vimucyate ॥12-277-38॥
[रक्त (rakta) - blood; मूत्र (mūtra) - urine; पुरीषाणां (purīṣāṇāṃ) - of feces; दोषाणां (doṣāṇāṃ) - of doṣas; सञ्चयं (sañcayaṃ) - accumulation; तथा (tathā) - also; शरीरं (śarīraṃ) - body; दोषबहुलं (doṣabahulaṃ) - full of doṣas; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; च (ca) - and; इदं (idaṃ) - this; विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is released;]
(Blood, urine, feces, the accumulation of doṣas also; the body, full of doṣas, having seen and this is released.)
When the accumulation of blood, urine, feces, and doṣas is seen, and the body is full of doṣas, then this is released (i.e., the body is let go or dies).
वलीपलितसंयोगं कार्श्यं वैवर्ण्यमेव च। कुब्जभावं च जरया यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-३९॥
valīpalitasaṃyogaṃ kārśyaṃ vaivarṇyameva ca। kubjabhāvaṃ ca jarayā yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ॥12-277-39॥
[वली (valī) - wrinkle; पलित (palita) - grey hair; संयोगं (saṃyogam) - combination; कार्श्यं (kārśyam) - emaciation; वैवर्ण्यम् (vaivarṇyam) - discoloration; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; कुब्जभावं (kubjabhāvam) - crookedness; च (ca) - and; जरया (jarayā) - by old age; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; स (sa) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated;]
(Wrinkle, grey hair, combination, emaciation, discoloration indeed and crookedness and by old age who sees, he is liberated.)
He who sees wrinkles, grey hair, emaciation, discoloration, and crookedness as effects of old age is liberated.
पुंस्त्वोपघातं कालेन दर्शनोपरमं तथा। बाधिर्यं प्राणमन्दत्वं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-४०॥
puṃstvopaghātaṃ kālena darśanoparamaṃ tathā। bādhiryaṃ prāṇamandatvaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ॥12-277-40॥
[पुंस्त्व-उपघातं (puṃstva-upaghātaṃ) - manhood-injury; कालेन (kālena) - by time; दर्शन-उपरमं (darśana-uparamaṃ) - sight-cessation; तथा (tathā) - likewise; बाधिर्यं (bādhiryaṃ) - deafness; प्राण-मन्दत्वं (prāṇa-mandatvaṃ) - vitality-slowness; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; स (sa) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released;]
(Manhood-injury by time, sight-cessation likewise, deafness, vitality-slowness—who sees (these), he is released.)
Who perceives the injury to manhood by time, the cessation of sight, deafness, and the slowness of vitality—he is liberated.
गतानृषींस्तथा देवानसुरांश्च तथा गतान्। लोकादस्मात्परं लोकं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-४१॥
gatānṛṣīṃs tathā devānasurāṃś ca tathā gatān। lokād asmāt paraṃ lokaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ॥12-277-41॥
[गतान् (gatān) - departed; ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages; तथा (tathā) - also; देवान् (devān) - gods; असुरान् (asurān) - asuras; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; गतान् (gatān) - departed; लोकात् (lokāt) - from the world; अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this; परम् (param) - beyond; लोकम् (lokam) - world; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; सः (saḥ) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated;]
(He who sees the departed sages, also the gods, the asuras, and also the departed, from this world to the world beyond, he is liberated.)
He who perceives the departed sages, gods, asuras, and all those who have passed on, and who sees the world beyond this one, is liberated.
प्रभावैरन्वितास्तैस्तैः पार्थिवेन्द्राः सहस्रशः। ये गताः पृथिवीं त्यक्त्वा इति ज्ञात्वा विमुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-४२॥
prabhāvair anvitās tais taiḥ pārthivendrāḥ sahasraśaḥ। ye gatāḥ pṛthivīṃ tyaktvā iti jñātvā vimucyate॥12-277-42॥
[प्रभावैः (prabhāvaiḥ) - by powers; by influences; अन्विताः (anvitāḥ) - endowed; connected; तैः तैः (taiḥ taiḥ) - by those various; by those respective; पार्थिवेन्द्राः (pārthivendrāḥ) - kings; lords of the earth; सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands; in thousands; ये (ye) - who; गताः (gatāḥ) - departed; gone; पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - the earth; त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned; having left; इति (iti) - thus; so; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known; having realized; विमुच्यते (vimucyate) - is liberated; is released;]
(Endowed with those various powers, the kings by thousands, who, having departed, having abandoned the earth, thus having known, are liberated.)
Thousands of kings, endowed with various powers, who have departed after abandoning the earth, are liberated upon realizing this.
अर्थांश्च दुर्लभाँल्लोके क्लेशांश्च सुलभांस्तथा। दुःखं चैव कुटुम्बार्थे यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥१२-२७७-४३॥
arthāṃś ca durlabhāṃl loke kleśāṃś ca sulabhāṃs tathā | duḥkhaṃ caiva kuṭumbārthe yaḥ paśyati sa mucyate ||12-277-43||
[अर्थान् (arthān) - objects of value; (wealth, aims); च (ca) - and; दुर्लभान् (durlabhān) - difficult to obtain; लोके (loke) - in the world; क्लेशान् (kleśān) - troubles; (afflictions); च (ca) - and; सुलभान् (sulabhān) - easy to obtain; तथा (tathā) - likewise; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - pain; (suffering); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कुटुम्बार्थे (kuṭumbārthe) - for the sake of family; यः (yaḥ) - who; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; (perceives, endures); सः (saḥ) - he; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is liberated; (is freed);]
(Objects of value and difficult to obtain in the world, troubles likewise easy to obtain, and pain indeed for the sake of family, who sees (endures), he is liberated.)
He who perceives both the rare gains and the easily found troubles in the world, and endures pain for the sake of his family, is freed (liberated).
अपत्यानां च वैगुण्यं जनं विगुणमेव च। पश्यन्भूयिष्ठशो लोके को मोक्षं नाभिपूजयेत् ॥१२-२७७-४४॥
apatyānāṃ ca vaiguṇyaṃ janaṃ viguṇam eva ca। paśyan bhūyiṣṭhaśo loke ko mokṣaṃ nābhipūjayet ॥12-277-44॥
[अपत्यानाम् (apatyānām) - of offspring; च (ca) - and; वैगुण्यम् (vaiguṇyam) - defect; जनम् (janam) - people; विगुणम् (viguṇam) - defective; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing; भूयिष्ठशः (bhūyiṣṭhaśaḥ) - mostly; लोके (loke) - in the world; कः (kaḥ) - who; मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - liberation; न (na) - not; अभिपूजयेत् (abhipūjayet) - would not highly honor;]
(Of offspring and defect, people indeed defective and, seeing mostly in the world, who liberation not would highly honor?)
Seeing that most people and their offspring are defective in this world, who would not highly honor liberation?
शास्त्राल्लोकाच्च यो बुद्धः सर्वं पश्यति मानवः। असारमिव मानुष्यं सर्वथा मुक्त एव सः ॥१२-२७७-४५॥
śāstrāllokācca yo buddhaḥ sarvaṃ paśyati mānavaḥ। asāramiva mānuṣyaṃ sarvathā mukta eva saḥ ॥12-277-45॥
[शास्त्रात् (śāstrāt) - from śāstra; from scripture; लोकात् (lokāt) - from the world; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; बुद्धः (buddhaḥ) - awakened; enlightened; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - man; human; असारम् (asāram) - without essence; इव (iva) - like; as if; मानुष्यं (mānuṣyam) - human existence; सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated; free; एव (eva) - indeed; surely; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(The human who, awakened, sees everything from scripture and from the world, perceives human existence as without essence in every way; he is indeed liberated.)
He who, awakened by both scripture and worldly experience, perceives all of human existence as lacking true essence, is in every way already liberated.
एतच्छ्रुत्वा मम वचो भवांश्चरतु मुक्तवत्। गार्हस्थ्ये यदि ते मोक्षे कृता बुद्धिरविक्लवा ॥१२-२७७-४६॥
etacchrutvā mama vaco bhavāṃścaratu muktavat। gārhasthye yadi te mokṣe kṛtā buddhiraviklavā ॥12-277-46॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; मम (mama) - my; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; भवान् (bhavān) - you; चरतु (caratu) - should act; मुक्तवत् (muktavat) - like the liberated; गार्हस्थ्ये (gārhasthye) - in householdership; यदि (yadi) - if; ते (te) - your; मोक्षे (mokṣe) - in liberation; कृता (kṛtā) - made; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - resolve; अविक्लवा (aviklavā) - unwavering;]
(Having heard this my speech, you should act like the liberated. In householdership, if your resolve for liberation is made unwavering.)
Having heard my words, act as one liberated. If your resolve for liberation is unwavering, then even in household life, you may proceed.
तत्तस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा सम्यक्स पृथिवीपतिः। मोक्षजैश्च गुणैर्युक्तः पालयामास च प्रजाः ॥१२-२७७-४७॥
tattasya vacanaṃ śrutvā samyak sa pṛthivīpatiḥ। mokṣajaiś ca guṇair yuktaḥ pālayām āsa ca prajāḥ॥12-277-47॥
[तत् (tat) - that; तस्य (tasya) - his; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; सः (saḥ) - he; पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - king (lord of the earth); मोक्षजैः (mokṣajaiḥ) - arising from liberation; च (ca) - and; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - qualities; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed; पालयाम् (pālayām) - protected; आस (āsa) - remained; च (ca) - and; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects;]
(That his speech having heard properly he king with qualities arising from liberation endowed protected and subjects and remained.)
Having properly heard his words, the king, endowed with qualities arising from liberation, protected and governed his subjects.
