12.301
याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच॥
yājñavalkya uvāca॥
[याज्ञवल्क्य (yājñavalkya) - Yājñavalkya; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yājñavalkya said;)
Yājñavalkya said.
पादावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्ब्राह्मणास्तत्त्वदर्शिनः। गन्तव्यमधिभूतं च विष्णुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-१॥
pādāv adhyātmam ity āhur brāhmaṇās tattvadarśinaḥ। gantavyam adhibhūtaṃ ca viṣṇus tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-1॥
[पादौ (pādau) - feet; (dual); अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins; तत्त्वदर्शिनः (tattvadarśinaḥ) - knowers of truth; गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - to be gone; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; च (ca) - and; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deities;]
(Feet pertaining to the self thus say Brahmins knowers of truth; to be gone pertaining to elements and Viṣṇu there pertaining to the deities.)
The Brahmins who know the truth say that the feet pertain to the self; the destination pertains to the elements, and there Viṣṇu is the presiding deity. (12-301-1)
पायुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथातत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः। विसर्गमधिभूतं च मित्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-२॥
pāyur adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-tattvārtha-darśinaḥ। visargam adhibhūtaṃ ca mitras tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-2॥
[पायुः (pāyuḥ) - anus; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; तत्त्वार्थ (tattvārtha) - true nature; दर्शिनः (darśinaḥ) - those who see; विसर्गम् (visargam) - excretion; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; च (ca) - and; मित्रः (mitraḥ) - Mitra (deity); तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - presiding deity;]
(Anus pertaining to the self thus they say as true nature seers; excretion pertaining to elements and Mitra there presiding deity.)
Those who see the true nature say that the anus is the aspect pertaining to the self; excretion is the aspect pertaining to the elements, and Mitra is the presiding deity there. (12-301-2)
उपस्थोऽध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथायोगनिदर्शनम्। अधिभूतं तथानन्दो दैवतं च प्रजापतिः ॥१२-३०१-३॥
upastho'dhyātmam ity āhur yathā-yoga-nidarśanam। adhibhūtaṃ tathānando daivataṃ ca prajāpatiḥ ॥12-301-3॥
[उपस्थः (upasthaḥ) - the generative organ; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; योग (yoga) - connection; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to beings; तथा (tathā) - likewise; आनन्दः (ānandaḥ) - bliss; दैवतम् (daivatam) - pertaining to the deity; च (ca) - and; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajapati;]
(The generative organ, pertaining to the self, thus they say, as connection illustration; pertaining to beings likewise bliss; pertaining to the deity and Prajapati.)
They say that the generative organ is related to the self, as an illustration of connection; in relation to beings, it is bliss; in relation to the deity, it is Prajapati. (12-301-3)
हस्तावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथासाङ्ख्यनिदर्शनम्। कर्तव्यमधिभूतं तु इन्द्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-४॥
hastāv adhyātmam ity āhur yathā sāṅkhya-nidarśanam। kartavyam adhibhūtam tu indras tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-4॥
[हस्तौ (hastau) - the two hands; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; साङ्ख्य (sāṅkhya) - Sāṅkhya (philosophy); निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - duty; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - presiding deity;]
(The two hands, pertaining to the self, thus they say, as Sāṅkhya illustration; duty pertaining to elements, but Indra there is the presiding deity. (12-301-4))
They say that the two hands are related to the self, as illustrated in Sāṅkhya philosophy; the duty related to the elements, but Indra is the presiding deity there. (12-301-4)
वागध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम्। वक्तव्यमधिभूतं तु वह्निस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-५॥
vāg-adhyātmam iti prāhur yathā-śruti-nidarśanam। vaktavyam adhibhūtam tu vahniḥ tatra adhi-daivatam ॥12-301-5॥
[वाक् (vāk) - speech; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - relating to the self; इति (iti) - thus; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; श्रुति (śruti) - Veda; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example; वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - that which is to be spoken; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; वह्निः (vahniḥ) - fire; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhi-daivatam) - presiding deity;]
(Speech relating to the self, thus they say, as the Veda example; that which is to be spoken, pertaining to elements, but fire there is the presiding deity. (12-301-5))
They say that speech is related to the self, as exemplified in the Veda; that which is to be spoken pertains to the elements, but there, fire is the presiding deity. (12-301-5)
चक्षुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम्। रूपमत्राधिभूतं तु सूर्यस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-६॥
cakṣur adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-śruti-nidarśanam। rūpam atra adhibhūtam tu sūryaḥ tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-6॥
[चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; श्रुति (śruti) - Vedic text; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; अत्र (atra) - here; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to the elements; तु (tu) - but; सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deity;]
(Eye pertaining to the self thus they say as Vedic text example. Form here pertaining to the elements but sun there pertaining to the deity. (12-301-6))
They say that the eye is the aspect pertaining to the self, as exemplified in the Vedic text. Here, form is the element, but the sun is the presiding deity there. (12-301-6)
श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम्। शब्दस्तत्राधिभूतं तु दिशस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-७॥
śrotram adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-śruti-nidarśanam। śabdaḥ tatra adhibhūtam tu diśaḥ tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-7॥
[श्रोत्रम् (śrotram) - ear; sense of hearing; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; so; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; in the manner; श्रुति (śruti) - Veda; sacred text; hearing; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration; example; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound; तत्र (tatra) - there; in that context; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; physical aspect; तु (tu) - but; however; दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions; quarters; तत्र (tatra) - there; in that context; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - presiding deity; divine aspect;]
(Ear pertaining to the self thus they say as Veda illustration. Sound there physical aspect but directions there presiding deity. (12-301-7))
They say the ear is the self-related aspect, as illustrated in the Vedas. There, sound is the physical element, but the directions are the presiding deities. (12-301-7)
जिह्वामध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथातत्त्वनिदर्शनम्। रस एवाधिभूतं तु आपस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-८॥
jihvām adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-tattva-nidarśanam। rasa eva adhibhūtaṃ tu āpas tatra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-8॥
[जिह्वा (jihvā) - tongue; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; तत्त्व (tattva) - reality; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - demonstration; रस (rasa) - taste; एव (eva) - indeed; अधिभूतं (adhibhūtaṃ) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - presiding deity;]
(Tongue pertaining to the self thus they say as reality demonstration. Taste indeed pertaining to elements but waters there presiding deity.)
They say that the tongue is the self-related aspect, as a demonstration of reality. Taste is the element, but water is the presiding deity there. (12-301-8)
घ्राणमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम्। गन्ध एवाधिभूतं तु पृथिवी चाधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-९॥
ghrāṇam adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-śruti-nidarśanam। gandha eva adhibhūtaṃ tu pṛthivī ca adhidaivatam ॥12-301-9॥
[घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - nose; (as) sense organ; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; so; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; according to; श्रुति (śruti) - scripture; Veda; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration; example; गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell; एव (eva) - indeed; only; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to the element; तु (tu) - but; however; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - earth; च (ca) - and; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deity;]
(Nose pertaining to the self thus they say as scripture illustration. Smell indeed pertaining to the element but earth and pertaining to the deity.)
They say that the nose is the sense organ pertaining to the self, as illustrated in the scriptures. Smell is the object pertaining to the element, while earth is the presiding deity. (12-301-9)
त्वगध्यात्ममिति प्राहुस्तत्त्वबुद्धिविशारदाः। स्पर्श एवाधिभूतं तु पवनश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-१०॥
tvag-adhyātmam iti prāhus tattva-buddhi-viśāradāḥ। sparśa eva adhibhūtam tu pavanaḥ ca adhidaivatam ॥12-301-10॥
[त्वक् (tvak) - skin; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; तत्त्वबुद्धिविशारदाः (tattva-buddhi-viśāradāḥ) - those skilled in the knowledge of reality; स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch; एव (eva) - indeed; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; पवनः (pavanaḥ) - wind; च (ca) - and; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - presiding deity;]
(Skin pertaining to the self thus they say those skilled in the knowledge of reality; touch indeed pertaining to elements but wind and presiding deity.)
Those skilled in the knowledge of reality say that the skin is the self-related aspect; touch is the element-related aspect, and wind is the presiding deity. (12-301-10)
मनोऽध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम्। मन्तव्यमधिभूतं तु चन्द्रमाश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-११॥
mano'dhyātmam iti prāhur yathā-śruti-nidarśanam। mantavyam adhibhūtaṃ tu candramāś ca adhidaivatam ॥12-301-11॥
[मन् (man) - mind; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; श्रुति (śruti) - Veda; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example; मन्तव्यम् (mantavyam) - to be considered; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; चन्द्रमाः (candramāḥ) - moon; च (ca) - and; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deity;]
(Mind pertaining to the self thus they say as Veda example; to be considered pertaining to elements but moon and pertaining to the deity.)
They say that the mind is called 'adhyātma' (pertaining to the self), as exemplified in the Vedas; the moon is to be considered as 'adhibhūta' (pertaining to the elements), and also as 'adhidaivata' (pertaining to the deity). (12-301-11)
अहङ्कारिकमध्यात्ममाहुस्तत्त्वनिदर्शनम्। अभिमानोऽधिभूतं तु भवस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-१२॥
ahaṅkārikamadhyātmam āhus tattvanidarśanam। abhimāno'dhibhūtaṃ tu bhavas tatrādhidaivatam ॥12-301-12॥
[अहङ्कारिक (ahaṅkārika) - relating to ego; मध्यात्म (madhyātma) - pertaining to the self; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; तत्त्व (tattva) - principle; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - demonstration; अभिमानः (abhimānaḥ) - pride; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; भवः (bhavaḥ) - existence; तत्र (tatra) - there; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deities;]
(Relating to ego, pertaining to the self, they say, is the demonstration of the principle. Pride is pertaining to the elements, but existence there is pertaining to the deities.)
They say that the demonstration of the principle relating to ego is the self. Pride is the principle relating to the elements, but existence there is the principle relating to the deities. (12-301-12)
बुद्धिरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथावेदनिदर्शनम्। बोद्धव्यमधिभूतं तु क्षेत्रज्ञोऽत्राधिदैवतम् ॥१२-३०१-१३॥
buddhir adhyātmam ity āhur yathā-veda-nidarśanam। boddhavyam adhibhūtaṃ tu kṣetrajño 'tra adhidaivatam ॥12-301-13॥
[बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - pertaining to the self; इति (iti) - thus; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; यथा (yathā) - as; वेद (veda) - Veda; निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration; बोद्धव्यम् (boddhavyam) - to be understood; अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - pertaining to elements; तु (tu) - but; क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - knower of the field; अत्र (atra) - here; अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - pertaining to the deities;]
(Intellect is called pertaining to the self, as the Veda illustrates; what is to be understood is pertaining to the elements, but here the knower of the field is pertaining to the deities.)
Intellect is said to be related to the self, as illustrated in the Veda; what is to be understood as related to the elements, but here the knower of the field is considered as pertaining to the deities. (12-301-13)
एषा ते व्यक्ततो राजन्विभूतिरनुवर्णिता। आदौ मध्ये तथा चान्ते यथातत्त्वेन तत्त्ववित् ॥१२-३०१-१४॥
eṣā te vyaktato rājan vibhūtir anuvarṇitā। ādau madhye tathā cānte yathātattvena tattvavit ॥12-301-14॥
[एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine); ते (te) - to you; व्यक्ततो (vyaktato) - explicitly; manifestly; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विभूतिः (vibhūtiḥ) - glory; manifestation; अनुवर्णिता (anuvarṇitā) - has been described; आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; तथा (tathā) - also; likewise; च (ca) - and; अन्ते (ante) - at the end; यथातत्त्वेन (yathātattvena) - according to the true nature; तत्त्ववित् (tattvavit) - knower of reality;]
(This to you explicitly, O king, the glory has been described; in the beginning, in the middle, also and at the end, according to the true nature, by the knower of reality. (12-301-14))
O king, this glory has been explicitly described to you by the knower of reality, in the beginning, in the middle, and at the end, according to the true nature. (12-301-14)
प्रकृतिर्गुणान्विकुरुते स्वच्छन्देनात्मकाम्यया। क्रीडार्थं तु महाराज शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥१२-३०१-१५॥
prakṛtir guṇān vikurute svacchandena ātmakāmyayā। krīḍārthaṃ tu mahārāja śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ ॥12-301-15॥
[प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - nature; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; विकुरुते (vikurute) - modifies; स्वच्छन्देन (svacchandena) - by her own will; आत्मकाम्यया (ātmakāmyayā) - by her own desire; क्रीडार्थम् (krīḍārtham) - for the sake of play; तु (tu) - but; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds; अथ (atha) - and; सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands;]
(Nature modifies the qualities by her own will, by her own desire. But for the sake of play, O great king, by hundreds and by thousands.)
O great king, nature, by her own will and desire, modifies the qualities for the sake of play, in hundreds and thousands. (12-301-15)
यथा दीपसहस्राणि दीपान्मर्त्याः प्रकुर्वते। प्रकृतिस्तथा विकुरुते पुरुषस्य गुणान्बहून् ॥१२-३०१-१६॥
yathā dīpasaḥasrāṇi dīpān martyāḥ prakurvate। prakṛtis tathā vikurute puruṣasya guṇān bahūn ॥12-301-16॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; in the manner of; दीपसहस्राणि (dīpasaḥasrāṇi) - thousands of lamps; दीपान् (dīpān) - from a lamp; मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals; human beings; प्रकुर्वते (prakurvate) - produce; make; प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - nature; primordial matter; तथा (tathā) - so; in the same way; विकुरुते (vikurute) - modifies; transforms; पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the puruṣa; of the spirit; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; attributes; बहून् (bahūn) - many;]
(Just as mortals produce thousands of lamps from a lamp, so nature modifies many qualities of the puruṣa.)
Just as mortals create thousands of lamps from a single lamp, so too does nature manifest many qualities of the spirit. (12-301-16)
सत्त्वमानन्द उद्रेकः प्रीतिः प्राकाश्यमेव च। सुखं शुद्धित्वमारोग्यं सन्तोषः श्रद्दधानता ॥१२-३०१-१७॥
sattvam-ānanda udrekaḥ prītiḥ prākāśyam-eva ca। sukhaṃ śuddhitvam-ārogyaṃ santoṣaḥ śraddadhānatā ॥12-301-17॥
[सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - existence; essence; आनन्द (ānanda) - bliss; उद्रेकः (udrekaḥ) - overflow; increase; प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - delight; affection; प्राकाश्यम् (prākāśyam) - luminosity; brightness; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; comfort; शुद्धित्वम् (śuddhitvam) - purity; आरोग्यम् (ārogyam) - health; सन्तोषः (santoṣaḥ) - contentment; श्रद्दधानता (śraddadhānatā) - faithfulness; devotion;]
(Existence, bliss, overflow, delight, luminosity indeed and; happiness, purity, health, contentment, faithfulness.)
Existence, bliss, overflowing joy, delight, luminosity, happiness, purity, health, contentment, and faithfulness are present. (12-301-17)
अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भः क्षमा धृतिरहिंसता। समता सत्यमानृण्यं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥१२-३०१-१८॥
akārpaṇyam asaṁrambhaḥ kṣamā dhṛtir ahiṁsatā। samatā satyam ānṛṇyaṁ mārdavaṁ hrīḥ acāpalam ॥12-301-18॥
[अकार्पण्यम् (akārpaṇyam) - absence of miserliness; असंरम्भः (asaṁrambhaḥ) - absence of agitation; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forbearance; धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness; अहिंसता (ahiṁsatā) - non-injury; समता (samatā) - equanimity; सत्यं (satyam) - truth; आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from indebtedness; मार्दवम् (mārdavam) - gentleness; ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty; अचापलम् (acāpalam) - absence of fickleness;]
(Absence of miserliness, absence of agitation, forbearance, steadfastness, non-injury, equanimity, truth, freedom from indebtedness, gentleness, modesty, absence of fickleness. (12-301-18))
Absence of miserliness, calmness, forbearance, steadfastness, non-violence, equanimity, truthfulness, freedom from debt, gentleness, modesty, and absence of fickleness. (12-301-18)
शौचमार्जवमाचारमलौल्यं हृद्यसम्भ्रमः। इष्टानिष्टवियोगानां कृतानामविकत्थनम् ॥१२-३०१-१९॥
śaucam ārjavam ācāra-malāulyaṃ hṛdya-sambhramaḥ। iṣṭāniṣṭa-viyogānāṃ kṛtānām avikatthanam ॥12-301-19॥
[शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness; आचारमलौल्यं (ācāra-malāulyaṃ) - steadfastness in conduct; हृद्यसम्भ्रमः (hṛdya-sambhramaḥ) - sincerity of heart; इष्टानिष्टवियोगानाम् (iṣṭāniṣṭa-viyogānām) - of separation from desirable and undesirable; कृतानाम् (kṛtānām) - of actions done; अविकत्थनम् (avikatthanam) - non-boasting;]
(Purity; straightforwardness; steadfastness in conduct; sincerity of heart; non-boasting of actions done regarding separation from desirable and undesirable.)
Purity, straightforwardness, steadfastness in conduct, sincerity of heart, and not boasting about actions done in relation to separation from what is desirable and undesirable. (12-301-19)
दानेन चानुग्रहणमस्पृहार्थे परार्थता। सर्वभूतदया चैव सत्त्वस्यैते गुणाः स्मृताः ॥१२-३०१-२०॥
dānena cānugrahaṇam aspṛhā-arthe parārthatā। sarvabhūta-dayā caiva sattvasya ete guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ ॥12-301-20॥
[दानेन (dānena) - by giving; च (ca) - and; अनुग्रहणम् (anugrahaṇam) - favoring; अस्पृहा-अर्थे (aspṛhā-arthe) - for the purpose of non-covetousness; परार्थता (parārthatā) - acting for the sake of others; सर्वभूतदया (sarvabhūta-dayā) - compassion for all beings; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सत्त्वस्य (sattvasya) - of sattva; एते (ete) - these; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered;]
(By giving and favoring for the purpose of non-covetousness, acting for the sake of others; compassion for all beings and indeed these qualities of sattva are remembered.)
Giving, showing favor for the sake of non-covetousness, acting for the benefit of others, and compassion for all beings—these are remembered as the qualities of sattva. (12-301-20)
रजोगुणानां सङ्घातो रूपमैश्वर्यविग्रहे। अत्याशित्वमकारुण्यं सुखदुःखोपसेवनम् ॥१२-३०१-२१॥
rajoguṇānāṃ saṅghāto rūpamaiśvaryavigrahe। atyāśitvamakāruṇyaṃ sukhaduḥkhopasevanam ॥12-301-21॥
[रजोगुणानाम् (rajoguṇānām) - of the qualities of passion (rajas); सङ्घातः (saṅghātaḥ) - aggregation; combination; रूप (rūpa) - form; ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya) - prosperity; lordliness; विग्रहे (vigrahe) - in the body; in the form; अत्याशित्वम् (atyāśitvam) - excessive eating; gluttony; अकारुण्यम् (akāruṇyam) - mercilessness; lack of compassion; सुख (sukha) - pleasure; happiness; दुःख (duḥkha) - pain; suffering; उपसेवनम् (upasevanam) - enjoyment; experience;]
(Aggregation of the qualities of passion in the form of body, form, prosperity; excessive eating, mercilessness, enjoyment of pleasure and pain.)
The aggregation of the qualities of passion manifests in the body as form and prosperity; it is characterized by gluttony, lack of compassion, and the pursuit of both pleasure and pain. (12-301-21)
परापवादेषु रतिर्विवादानां च सेवनम्। अहङ्कारस्त्वसत्कारश्चिन्ता वैरोपसेवनम् ॥१२-३०१-२२॥
parāpavādeṣu ratir vivādānāṃ ca sevanam। ahaṅkāras tvasatkāraś cintā vairopasevanam ॥12-301-22॥
[परापवादेषु (parāpavādeṣu) - in the slanders of others; रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight; विवादानाम् (vivādānām) - of quarrels; च (ca) - and; सेवनम् (sevanam) - engagement; अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - egoism; त्व् (tv) - but; असत्कारः (asatkāraḥ) - disrespect; चिन्ता (cintā) - anxiety; वैरोपसेवनम् (vairopasevanam) - cultivation of enmity;]
(Delight in the slanders of others, engagement in quarrels, and egoism, but disrespect, anxiety, cultivation of enmity.)
Taking pleasure in slandering others, engaging in quarrels, being egotistical, showing disrespect, being anxious, and fostering enmity. (12-301-22)
परितापोऽपहरणं ह्रीनाशोऽनार्जवं तथा। भेदः परुषता चैव कामक्रोधौ मदस्तथा ॥ दर्पो द्वेषोऽतिवादश्च एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः ॥१२-३०१-२३॥
paritāpo'pharaṇaṃ hrīnāśo'nārjavaṃ tathā। bhedaḥ paruṣatā caiva kāmakrodhau madastathā ॥ darpo dveṣo'tivādaśca ete proktā rajoguṇāḥ ॥12-301-23॥
[परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - remorse; अपहरणम् (apaharaṇam) - removal; ह्री-नाशः (hrī-nāśaḥ) - loss of modesty; अनार्जवम् (anārjavam) - dishonesty; तथा (tathā) - also; भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division; परुषता (paruṣatā) - harshness; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; मदः (madaḥ) - arrogance; तथा (tathā) - also; दर्पः (darpaḥ) - pride; द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - hatred; अतिवादः (ativādaḥ) - excessive speech; च (ca) - and; एते (ete) - these; प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are said; रजोगुणाः (rajoguṇāḥ) - qualities of rajas;]
(Remorse, removal, loss of modesty, dishonesty also, division, harshness and indeed, desire, anger, arrogance also, pride, hatred, excessive speech and, these are said to be qualities of rajas.)
Remorse, removal, loss of modesty, dishonesty, division, harshness, desire, anger, arrogance, pride, hatred, and excessive speech—these are said to be the qualities of rajas. (12-301-23)
तामसानां तु सङ्घातं प्रवक्ष्याम्युपधार्यताम्। मोहोऽप्रकाशस्तामिस्रमन्धतामिस्रसञ्ज्ञितम् ॥१२-३०१-२४॥
tāmasānāṃ tu saṅghātaṃ pravakṣyāmyupadhāryatām। moho'prakāśastāmisramandhatāmisrasañjñitam ॥12-301-24॥
[तामसानाम् (tāmasānām) - of the tāmasas; (those of tamas); तु (tu) - but; however; सङ्घातम् (saṅghātam) - aggregate; collection; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall explain; I will declare; उपधार्यताम् (upadhāryatām) - be understood; let it be considered; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; confusion; अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - non-illumination; darkness; तामिस्रम् (tāmisram) - tāmisra; (a type of darkness); अन्धतामिस्र (andhatāmisra) - andhatāmisra; (a deeper darkness); सञ्ज्ञितम् (sañjñitam) - designated; named;]
(Of the tāmasas but the aggregate I shall explain, let it be understood. Delusion, non-illumination, tāmisra, andhatāmisra—so designated. (12-301-24))
Now, I shall explain the aggregate of the tāmasas; let it be understood as consisting of delusion, non-illumination, tāmisra, and andhatāmisra—so they are designated. (12-301-24)
मरणं चान्धतामिस्रं तामिस्रं क्रोध उच्यते। तमसो लक्षणानीह भक्षाणामभिरोचनम् ॥१२-३०१-२५॥
maraṇaṃ cāndhatāmisraṃ tāmisraṃ krodha ucyate। tamaso lakṣaṇānīha bhakṣāṇāmabhirocanaṃ ॥12-301-25॥
[मरणम् (maraṇam) - death; च (ca) - and; अन्धतामिस्रम् (andhatāmisram) - utter darkness; तामिस्रम् (tāmisram) - darkness; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; तमसः (tamasah) - of darkness; लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - characteristics; इह (iha) - here; भक्षाणाम् (bhakṣāṇām) - of the eaters; अभिरोचनम् (abhirocanaṃ) - delight;]
(Death and utter darkness, darkness, anger is called. Of darkness, the characteristics here are the delight of the eaters.)
Death, utter darkness, darkness, and anger are said to be the characteristics of darkness; here, the delight of the eaters is also a mark of darkness. (12-301-25)
भोजनानामपर्याप्तिस्तथा पेयेष्वतृप्तता। गन्धवासो विहारेषु शयनेष्वासनेषु च ॥१२-३०१-२६॥
bhojanānāmaparyāptistathā peyeṣvatṛptatā. gandhavāso vihāreṣu śayaneṣvāsaneṣu ca ॥12-301-26॥
[भोजनानाम् (bhojanānām) - of foods; अपर्याप्तिः (aparyāptiḥ) - insufficiency; तथा (tathā) - likewise; पेयेषु (peyeṣu) - in drinks; अतृप्तता (atṛptatā) - unsatisfaction; गन्धवासः (gandhavāsaḥ) - dwelling in fragrance; विहारेषु (vihāreṣu) - in wanderings; शयनेषु (śayaneṣu) - in beds; आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - in seats; च (ca) - and;]
(Of foods, insufficiency; likewise, in drinks, unsatisfaction; dwelling in fragrance, in wanderings, in beds, in seats, and.)
There is insufficiency of food, likewise unsatisfaction in drinks; dwelling in fragrance, in wanderings, in beds, and in seats. (12-301-26)
दिवास्वप्ने विवादे च प्रमादेषु च वै रतिः। नृत्यवादित्रगीतानामज्ञानाच्छ्रद्दधानता ॥ द्वेषो धर्मविशेषाणामेते वै तामसा गुणाः ॥१२-३०१-२७॥
divāsvapne vivāde ca pramādeṣu ca vai ratiḥ। nṛtyavāditragītānām ajñānāc chraddadhānatā॥ dveṣo dharmaviśeṣāṇām ete vai tāmasā guṇāḥ॥12-301-27॥
[दिवास्वप्ने (divāsvapne) - in day-dreaming; विवादे (vivāde) - in quarrel; च (ca) - and; प्रमादेषु (pramādeṣu) - in negligence; च (ca) - and; वै (vai) - indeed; रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight; नृत्य (nṛtya) - dance; वादित्र (vāditra) - musical instruments; गीतानाम् (gītānām) - of songs; अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance; श्रद्दधानता (śraddadhānatā) - faith; द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - hatred; धर्मविशेषाणाम् (dharmaviśeṣāṇām) - of distinctions of dharma; एते (ete) - these; वै (vai) - indeed; तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities;]
(In day-dreaming, in quarrel, and in negligence, indeed, delight; in dance, musical instruments, of songs, from ignorance, faith; hatred of distinctions of dharma; these indeed are tamasic qualities. (12-301-27))
Delight in day-dreaming, quarrels, and negligence; faith arising from ignorance in dance, music, and songs; and hatred of distinctions of dharma—these indeed are tamasic qualities. (12-301-27)
