12.302
याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच॥
yājñavalkya uvāca॥
[याज्ञवल्क्य (yājñavalkya) - Yājñavalkya; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yājñavalkya said;)
Yājñavalkya said.
एते प्रधानस्य गुणास्त्रयः पुरुषसत्तम। कृत्स्नस्य चैव जगतस्तिष्ठन्त्यनपगाः सदा ॥१२-३०२-१॥
ete pradhānasya guṇās trayaḥ puruṣasattama। kṛtsnasya caiva jagatas tiṣṭhanty anapagāḥ sadā ॥12-302-1॥
[एते (ete) - these; प्रधानस्य (pradhānasya) - of the primordial matter; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; पुरुषसत्तम (puruṣasattama) - O best of men; कृत्स्नस्य (kṛtsnasya) - of the whole; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the universe; तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - remain; अनपगाः (anapagāḥ) - unfailing; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(These of the primordial matter qualities three O best of men; of the whole and indeed of the universe remain unfailing always.)
O best of men, these three qualities of the primordial matter always remain unfailing throughout the entire universe. (12-302-1)
शतधा सहस्रधा चैव तथा शतसहस्रधा। कोटिशश्च करोत्येष प्रत्यगात्मानमात्मना ॥१२-३०२-२॥
śatadhā sahasradhā caiva tathā śatasahasradhā. koṭiśaś ca karoty eṣa pratyagātmānam ātmanā ॥12-302-2॥
[शतधा (śatadhā) - in a hundred ways; सहस्रधा (sahasradhā) - in a thousand ways; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - also; शतसहस्रधा (śatasahasradhā) - in a hundred thousand ways; कोटिशः (koṭiśaḥ) - in crores (ten millions); च (ca) - and; करोति (karoti) - does; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; प्रत्यगात्मानम् (pratyagātmānam) - the inner self; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by (his) self;]
(In a hundred ways, in a thousand ways, and indeed also in a hundred thousand ways, and in crores, this (one) does the inner self by (his) self.)
He manifests the inner self by himself in a hundred ways, a thousand ways, a hundred thousand ways, and even in crores. (12-302-2)
सात्त्विकस्योत्तमं स्थानं राजसस्येह मध्यमम्। तामसस्याधमं स्थानं प्राहुरध्यात्मचिन्तकाः ॥१२-३०२-३॥
sāttvikasyottamaṃ sthānaṃ rājasasyeha madhyamam। tāmasasyādhamam sthānaṃ prāhuradhyātmacintakāḥ ॥12-302-3॥
[सात्त्विकस्य (sāttvikasya) - of the sāttvika; (one of pure quality); उत्तमं (uttamam) - highest; best; स्थानं (sthānam) - place; position; राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of the rājasika; (one of passionate quality); इह (iha) - here; in this (world); मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - middle; intermediate; तामसस्य (tāmasasya) - of the tāmasika; (one of dark quality); अधमं (adhamam) - lowest; worst; स्थानं (sthānam) - place; position; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; declare; अध्यात्मचिन्तकाः (adhyātmacintakāḥ) - those who contemplate on the self; spiritual thinkers;]
(Of the sāttvika, the highest place; of the rājasika here, the middle; of the tāmasika, the lowest place; declare those who contemplate on the self.)
Those who contemplate on the self declare that the highest position is for the sāttvika, the middle for the rājasika here, and the lowest for the tāmasika. (12-302-3)
केवलेनेह पुण्येन गतिमूर्ध्वामवाप्नुयात्। पुण्यपापेन मानुष्यमधर्मेणाप्यधोगतिम् ॥१२-३०२-४॥
kevaleneha puṇyena gatimūrdhvām avāpnuyāt। puṇyapāpena mānuṣyam adharmeṇāpy adhogatim ॥12-302-4॥
[केवलेन (kevalena) - by only; by pure; by exclusive; इह (iha) - here; in this world; पुण्येन (puṇyena) - by merit; by virtue; गतिम् (gatim) - state; path; destination; ऊर्ध्वाम् (ūrdhvām) - upward; higher; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may attain; may obtain; पुण्यपापेन (puṇyapāpena) - by merit and sin; by virtue and vice; मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - human state; humanity; अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness; by non-dharma; अपि (api) - also; even; अधोगतिम् (adhogatim) - downward state; lower destination;]
(By only merit here, one may attain an upward state; by merit and sin, humanity; by unrighteousness also, a downward state. (12-302-4))
Here, by pure merit alone, one attains a higher state; by both merit and sin, a human birth; and by unrighteousness, even a lower state. (12-302-4)
द्वंद्वमेषां त्रयाणां तु संनिपातं च तत्त्वतः। सत्त्वस्य रजसश्चैव तमसश्च शृणुष्व मे ॥१२-३०२-५॥
dvandvameṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ tu saṃnipātaṃ ca tattvataḥ। sattvasya rajasashcaiva tamasashca śṛṇuṣva me ॥12-302-5॥
[द्वंद्वम् (dvandvam) - duality; एषां (eṣām) - of these; त्रयाणां (trayāṇām) - of the three; तु (tu) - but; संनिपातं (saṃnipātam) - combination; च (ca) - and; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in reality; सत्त्वस्य (sattvasya) - of sattva; रजसश्च (rajasashca) - and of rajas; एव (eva) - indeed; तमसश्च (tamasashca) - and of tamas; शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - hear; मे (me) - from me;]
(Duality of these three but the combination and in reality; of sattva, and of rajas indeed, and of tamas; hear from me.)
But hear from me about the dualities of these three, and also their combination in reality—of sattva, rajas, and tamas. (12-302-5)
सत्त्वस्य तु रजो दृष्टं रजसश्च तमस्तथा। तमसश्च तथा सत्त्वं सत्त्वस्याव्यक्तमेव च ॥१२-३०२-६॥
sattvasya tu rajo dṛṣṭaṃ rajasaś ca tamas tathā। tamasaś ca tathā sattvaṃ sattvasyāvyaktam eva ca ॥12-302-6॥
[सत्त्वस्य (sattvasya) - of sattva; तु (tu) - but; रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas; दृष्टं (dṛṣṭam) - is seen; रजसः (rajasaḥ) - of rajas; च (ca) - and; तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas; तथा (tathā) - likewise; तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of tamas; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva; सत्त्वस्य (sattvasya) - of sattva; अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Of sattva but rajas is seen; of rajas and tamas likewise; of tamas and likewise sattva; of sattva the unmanifest indeed and.)
But for sattva, rajas is observed; for rajas, tamas likewise; for tamas, sattva likewise; and for sattva, the unmanifest is indeed also present. (12-302-6)
अव्यक्तसत्त्वसंयुक्तो देवलोकमवाप्नुयात्। रजःसत्त्वसमायुक्तो मनुष्येषूपपद्यते ॥१२-३०२-७॥
avyaktasattvasaṃyukto devalokamavāpnuyāt। rajaḥsattvasamāyukto manuṣyeṣūpapadyate ॥12-302-7॥
[अव्यक्त (avyakta) - unmanifested; सत्त्व (sattva) - purity; संयुक्तः (saṃyuktaḥ) - joined; देवलोकम् (devalokam) - world of the gods; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - may attain; रजः (rajaḥ) - passion; सत्त्व (sattva) - purity; समायुक्तः (samāyuktaḥ) - associated; मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among humans; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is born;]
(Unmanifested-purity-joined may attain the world of the gods. Passion-purity-associated is born among humans. (12-302-7))
One joined with unmanifested purity attains the world of the gods; one associated with passion and purity is born among humans. (12-302-7)
रजस्तमोभ्यां संयुक्तस्तिर्यग्योनिषु जायते। रजस्तामससत्त्वैश्च युक्तो मानुष्यमाप्नुयात् ॥१२-३०२-८॥
rajastamobhyāṁ saṁyuktas tiryagyoniṣu jāyate। rajastāmasasattvaiś ca yukto mānuṣyam āpnuyāt ॥12-302-8॥
[रजस् (rajas) - passion; impurity; तमोभ्यां (tamobhyām) - with darkness; with ignorance; (dual ablative/instrumental); संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined; united; तिर्यग्योनिषु (tiryagyoniṣu) - in animal wombs; among lower births; जायते (jāyate) - is born; रजस् (rajas) - passion; impurity; तामस (tāmasa) - of darkness; of ignorance; सत्त्वैः (sattvaiḥ) - with goodnesses; with purities; च (ca) - and; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined; endowed; मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - human state; humanity; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - may attain; may obtain;]
(He who is joined with passion and darkness is born among animal wombs; he who is joined with passion, darkness, and goodness may attain humanity. (12-302-8))
One who is united with passion and darkness is born among animal species; but one who is endowed with passion, darkness, and goodness attains a human birth. (12-302-8)
पुण्यपापवियुक्तानां स्थानमाहुर्मनीषिणाम्। शास्वतं चाव्ययं चैव अक्षरं चाभयं च यत् ॥१२-३०२-९॥
puṇyapāpaviyuktānāṃ sthānam āhur manīṣiṇām। śāśvataṃ cāvyayaṃ caiva akṣaraṃ cābhayaṃ ca yat ॥12-302-9॥
[पुण्यपापवियुक्तानां (puṇya-pāpa-viyuktānām) - of those separated from merit and demerit; स्थानम् (sthānam) - place; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - of the wise; शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal; च (ca) - and; अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - imperishable; च (ca) - and; अभयम् (abhayam) - fearlessness; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which;]
(Of those separated from merit and demerit, the wise say the place is eternal and imperishable indeed, which is imperishable and fearlessness and which;)
The wise declare that the state attained by those free from merit and demerit is eternal, imperishable, and fearless; it is that imperishable and fearless abode. (12-302-9)
ज्ञानिनां सम्भवं श्रेष्ठं स्थानमव्रणमच्युतम्। अतीन्द्रियमबीजं च जन्ममृत्युतमोनुदम् ॥१२-३०२-१०॥
jñānināṃ sambhavaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ sthānamavraṇamacyutam। atīndriyamabījaṃ ca janmamṛtyutamonudam ॥12-302-10॥
[ज्ञानिनां (jñāninām) - of the wise ones; सम्भवम् (sambhavam) - origin; श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the best; स्थानम् (sthānam) - place; अव्रणम् (avraṇam) - without wound; अच्युतम् (acyutam) - imperishable; अतीन्द्रियम् (atīndriyam) - beyond the senses; अबीजम् (abījam) - without seed; च (ca) - and; जन्ममृत्युतमोनुदम् (janmamṛtyutamonudam) - dispelling birth, death, and darkness;]
(Of the wise ones, the origin, the best, the place, without wound, imperishable, beyond the senses, without seed, and dispelling birth, death, and darkness.)
The origin and supreme place of the wise is flawless and imperishable, beyond the senses, without seed, and dispels birth, death, and darkness. (12-302-10)
अव्यक्तस्थं परं यत्तत्पृष्टस्तेऽहं नराधिप। स एष प्रकृतिष्ठो हि तस्थुरित्यभिधीयते ॥१२-३०२-११॥
avyaktasthaṃ paraṃ yattatpṛṣṭaste'haṃ narādhipa। sa eṣa prakṛtiṣṭho hi tasthurityabhidhīyate ॥12-302-11॥
[अव्यक्तस्थं (avyaktastham) - situated in the unmanifest; परं (param) - supreme; यत् (yat) - which; तत् (tat) - that; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked; ते (te) - by you; अहम् (aham) - I; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king; स (sa) - he; एष (eṣa) - this; प्रकृतिष्ठः (prakṛtiṣṭhaḥ) - situated in nature; हि (hi) - indeed; तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - stood; इति (iti) - thus; अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called;]
(Situated in the unmanifest, supreme, which that asked by you I O king; he this situated in nature indeed stood thus is called.)
O king, that supreme which you asked about as situated in the unmanifest, he is indeed called as the one who stood established in nature. (12-302-11)
अचेतनश्चैष मतः प्रकृतिस्थश्च पार्थिव। एतेनाधिष्ठितश्चैव सृजते संहरत्यपि ॥१२-३०२-१२॥
acetanaś caiṣa mataḥ prakṛtisthaś ca pārthiva। etenādhiṣṭhitaś caiva sṛjate saṃharaty api ॥12-302-12॥
[अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - unconscious; not sentient; च (ca) - and; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; मतः (mataḥ) - is considered; is thought; प्रकृतिस्थः (prakṛtisthaḥ) - situated in nature; abiding in prakṛti; च (ca) - and; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - of the earth; earthly; एतेन (etena) - by this; अधिष्ठितः (adhiṣṭhitaḥ) - presided over; governed; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; सृजते (sṛjate) - creates; संहरति (saṃharati) - withdraws; dissolves; अपि (api) - also; even;]
(Unconscious and this is considered, situated in nature and earthly; by this presided over and indeed creates, withdraws also.)
This is considered unconscious, situated in nature and of the earth; presided over by this, it indeed creates and also withdraws. (12-302-12)
जनक उवाच॥
janaka uvāca॥
[जनक (janaka) - Janaka; (a proper name;) उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Janaka said;)
Janaka said.
अनादिनिधनावेतावुभावेव महामुने। अमूर्तिमन्तावचलावप्रकम्प्यौ च निर्व्रणौ ॥१२-३०२-१३॥
anādinidhanāvetāvubhāveva mahāmune। amūrtimantāvacalāvaprakampyau ca nirvraṇau ॥12-302-13॥
[अनादिनिधनौ (anādinidhanau) - without beginning and end; एतौ (etau) - these two; उभौ (ubhau) - both; एव (eva) - indeed; महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage; अमूर्तिमन्तौ (amūrtimantau) - formless; अचलौ (acalau) - immovable; अप्रकम्प्यौ (aprakampyau) - unshakable; च (ca) - and; निर्व्रणौ (nirvraṇau) - without blemish;]
(Without beginning and end these two, both indeed, O great sage, formless, immovable, unshakable and without blemish.)
O great sage, these two are indeed both without beginning and end, formless, immovable, unshakable, and without blemish. (12-302-13)
अग्राह्यावृषिशार्दूल कथमेको ह्यचेतनः। चेतनावांस्तथा चैकः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति भाषितः ॥१२-३०२-१४॥
agrāhyāvṛṣiśārdūla kat hameko hy acetanaḥ। cetanāvāṃs tathā caikaḥ kṣetrajña iti bhāṣitaḥ ॥12-302-14॥
[अग्राह्य (agrāhya) - not to be grasped; अवृषि (avṛṣi) - not a bull; शार्दूल (śārdūla) - tiger; कथम् (katham) - how; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; हि (hi) - indeed; अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - unconscious; चेतनावान् (cetanāvān) - conscious; तथा (tathā) - so; च (ca) - and; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - knower of the field; इति (iti) - thus; भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - is spoken;]
(Not to be grasped, not a bull, tiger, how indeed one unconscious? Conscious so and one knower of the field thus is spoken.)
How can one who is ungraspable, not a bull, a tiger, and unconscious, be one? It is said that the conscious one, too, is alone, and is the knower of the field. (12-302-14)
त्वं हि विप्रेन्द्र कार्त्स्न्येन मोक्षधर्ममुपाससे। साकल्यं मोक्षधर्मस्य श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥१२-३०२-१५॥
tvaṃ hi viprendra kārtsnyena mokṣadharmam upāsase। sākalyaṃ mokṣadharmasya śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ ॥12-302-15॥
[त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; हि (hi) - indeed; विप्रेन्द्र (viprendra) - O best of Brāhmaṇas; कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in entirety; मोक्षधर्मम् (mokṣadharmam) - the dharma of liberation; उपाससे (upāsase) - you practice; साकल्यं (sākalyaṃ) - completely; मोक्षधर्मस्य (mokṣadharmasya) - of the dharma of liberation; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in reality;]
(You indeed, O best of Brāhmaṇas, practice the dharma of liberation in entirety. I wish to hear completely the dharma of liberation in reality. (12-302-15))
O foremost of Brāhmaṇas, you truly practice the dharma of liberation in its entirety. I wish to hear the complete truth of the dharma of liberation. (12-302-15)
अस्तित्वं केवलत्वं च विनाभावं तथैव च। तथैवोत्क्रमणस्थानं देहिनोऽपि वियुज्यतः ॥१२-३०२-१६॥
astitvaṃ kevalatvaṃ ca vinābhāvaṃ tathaiva ca। tathaivotkramaṇasthānaṃ dehino'pi viyujyataḥ ॥12-302-16॥
[अस्तित्वं (astitvaṃ) - existence; essence; केवलत्वं (kevalatvaṃ) - singleness; exclusiveness; च (ca) - and; विनाभावं (vinābhāvaṃ) - separation; absence; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; उत्क्रमणस्थानं (utkramaṇasthānaṃ) - place of departure; point of exit; देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied; of the soul; अपि (api) - also; even; वियुज्यतः (viyujyataḥ) - being separated; being disjoined;]
(Existence, singleness, and separation likewise; likewise, the place of departure of the embodied also being separated.)
Existence, individuality, and separation are likewise; similarly, the place of departure of the embodied is also separated. (12-302-16)
कालेन यद्धि प्राप्नोति स्थानं तद्ब्रूहि मे द्विज। साङ्ख्यज्ञानं च तत्त्वेन पृथग्योगं तथैव च ॥१२-३०२-१७॥
kālena yaddhi prāpnoti sthānaṁ tadbrūhi me dvija। sāṅkhyajñānaṁ ca tattvena pṛthagyogaṁ tathaiva ca ॥12-302-17॥
[कालेन (kālena) - by time; यत् (yat) - which; हि (hi) - indeed; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; स्थानम् (sthānam) - state; तत् (tat) - that; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; मे (me) - to me; द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born; साङ्ख्यज्ञानम् (sāṅkhyajñānam) - Sāṅkhya knowledge; च (ca) - and; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in reality; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; योगम् (yogam) - Yoga; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(By time, which indeed attains state, that tell to me, O twice-born; Sāṅkhya knowledge and in reality, separately Yoga likewise and.)
O twice-born, tell me what state is attained by time; also, explain to me the knowledge of Sāṅkhya in reality, and likewise Yoga separately. (12-302-17)
अरिष्टानि च तत्त्वेन वक्तुमर्हसि सत्तम। विदितं सर्वमेतत्ते पाणावामलकं यथा ॥१२-३०२-१८॥
ariṣṭāni ca tattvena vaktum arhasi sattama। viditaṃ sarvam etat te pāṇau āmalakaṃ yathā ॥12-302-18॥
[अरिष्टानि (ariṣṭāni) - misfortunes; calamities; च (ca) - and; तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly; in reality; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; to tell; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought; you are worthy; सत्तम (sattama) - O best one; noble one; विदितं (viditam) - known; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; by you; पाणौ (pāṇau) - in the hand; आमलकं (āmalakam) - āmalaka fruit; gooseberry; यथा (yathā) - just as; like;]
(Misfortunes and truly to speak you ought O best one; known all this to you in the hand āmalaka fruit just as;)
O noble one, you ought to truly speak of the misfortunes; all this is known to you just as an āmalaka fruit in your hand. (12-302-18)
