12.315

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bhishma said;)

Bhishma said.

एतच्छ्रुत्वा गुरोर्वाक्यं व्यासशिष्या महौजसः। अन्योन्यं हृष्टमनसः परिषस्वजिरे तदा ॥१२-३१५-१॥

etacchrutvā gurorvākyaṃ vyāsaśiṣyā mahaujasaḥ। anyonyaṃ hṛṣṭamanasaḥ pariṣasvajire tadā ॥12-315-1॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech; व्यासशिष्याः (vyāsaśiṣyāḥ) - Vyāsa's disciples; महौजसः (mahaujasaḥ) - of great energy; अन्योन्यम् (anyonyaṃ) - each other; हृष्टमनसः (hṛṣṭamanasaḥ) - with delighted minds; परिषस्वजिरे (pariṣasvajire) - embraced; तदा (tadā) - then;]

(Having heard this speech of the teacher, Vyāsa's disciples of great energy, with delighted minds, then embraced each other.)

When they heard these words of their teacher, Vyāsa's powerful disciples, their hearts filled with joy, embraced one another at that moment. (12-315-1)

उक्ताः स्मो यद्भगवता तदात्वायतिसंहितम्। तन्नो मनसि संरूढं करिष्यामस्तथा च तत् ॥१२-३१५-२॥

uktāḥ smo yad bhagavatā tadātvāyati-saṁhitam। tan no manasi saṁrūḍhaṁ kariṣyāmas tathā ca tat ॥12-315-2॥

[उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken; declared; स्मो (smo) - we are; we have; यत् (yat) - which; that which; भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the venerable; by the blessed one; तदा (tadā) - then; at that time; आयति (āyati) - future; coming; संहितम् (saṁhitam) - collected; compilation; तत् (tat) - that; नः (naḥ) - our; for us; मनसि (manasi) - in the mind; संरूढं (saṁrūḍham) - firmly established; rooted; करिष्यामः (kariṣyāmaḥ) - we shall make; we will do; तथा (tathā) - thus; in that way; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that;]

(Spoken we are which by the venerable then future compilation; that for us in the mind firmly established we shall make thus and that.)

We are those to whom the venerable one spoke that future compilation at that time; we shall firmly establish that in our minds, and so it shall be. (12-315-2)

अन्योन्यं च सभाज्यैवं सुप्रीतमनसः पुनः। विज्ञापयन्ति स्म गुरुं पुनर्वाक्यविशारदाः ॥१२-३१५-३॥

anyonyaṃ ca sabhājyaivaṃ suprītamanasaḥ punaḥ। vijñāpayanti sma guruṃ punarvākyaviśāradāḥ ॥12-315-3॥

[अन्योन्यं (anyonyaṃ) - each other; च (ca) - and; सभाज्य (sabhājya) - honoring; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; सुप्रीतमनसः (suprītamanasaḥ) - with very pleased minds; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; विज्ञापयन्ति (vijñāpayanti) - they inform; स्म (sma) - indeed; गुरुं (guruṃ) - the teacher; पुनः (punar) - again; वाक्यविशारदाः (vākyaviśāradāḥ) - those skilled in speech;]

(Each other and honoring thus, with very pleased minds, again they inform indeed the teacher again, those skilled in speech.)

Honoring each other in this way, with very pleased minds, those skilled in speech again informed the teacher. (12-315-3)

शैलादस्मान्महीं गन्तुं काङ्क्षितं नो महामुने। वेदाननेकधा कर्तुं यदि ते रुचितं विभो ॥१२-३१५-४॥

śailād asmān mahīṃ gantuṃ kāṅkṣitaṃ no mahāmune. vedān anekadhā kartuṃ yadi te rucitaṃ vibho ॥12-315-4॥

[शैलात् (śailāt) - from the mountain; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; महीं (mahīṃ) - to the earth; गन्तुम् (gantuṃ) - to go; काङ्क्षितम् (kāṅkṣitam) - desired; नः (naḥ) - by us; महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; अनेकधा (anekadhā) - in many ways; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; यदि (yadi) - if; ते (te) - to you; रुचितम् (rucitam) - pleasing; विभो (vibho) - O lord;]

(From the mountain us to the earth to go is desired by us, O great sage. The Vedas in many ways to do, if to you pleasing, O lord. (12-315-4))

O great sage, it is our desire to go from the mountain to the earth. If it is pleasing to you, O lord, to arrange the Vedas in many ways, then let it be so. (12-315-4)

शिष्याणां वचनं श्रुत्वा पराशरसुतः प्रभुः। प्रत्युवाच ततो वाक्यं धर्मार्थसहितं हितम् ॥१२-३१५-५॥

śiṣyāṇāṃ vacanaṃ śrutvā parāśarasutaḥ prabhuḥ। pratyuvāca tato vākyaṃ dharmārthasahitaṃ hitam ॥12-315-5॥

[शिष्याणां (śiṣyāṇām) - of the disciples; वचनं (vacanam) - speech; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; पराशरसुतः (parāśarasutaḥ) - the son of Parāśara; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord; प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied; ततः (tataḥ) - then; वाक्यं (vākyaṃ) - sentence; धर्मार्थसहितं (dharmārthasahitam) - endowed with dharma and artha; हितम् (hitam) - beneficial;]

(Having heard the speech of the disciples, the son of Parāśara, the lord, then replied a sentence endowed with dharma and artha, beneficial.)

After hearing the words of the disciples, the son of Parāśara, the lord, then replied with a statement that was beneficial and in accordance with dharma and artha. (12-315-5)

क्षितिं वा देवलोकं वा गम्यतां यदि रोचते। अप्रमादश्च वः कार्यो ब्रह्म हि प्रचुरच्छलम् ॥१२-३१५-६॥

kṣitiṁ vā devalokaṁ vā gamyatāṁ yadi rocate। apramādaś ca vaḥ kāryo brahma hi pracuracchalam ॥12-315-6॥

[क्षितिं (kṣitim) - earth; (accusative singular of kṣiti) वा (vā) - or; देवलोकं (devalokam) - the world of the gods; (accusative singular of devaloka) वा (vā) - or; गम्यतां (gamyatām) - let it be gone; (imperative passive 3rd singular of gam) यदि (yadi) - if; रोचते (rocate) - pleases; (3rd singular present of ruc) अप्रमादश् (apramādaś) - non-negligence; (nominative singular of apramāda) च (ca) - and; वः (vaḥ) - your; (genitive plural of yuṣmad) कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done; (nominative singular of kārya) ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; (nominative singular of brahman) हि (hi) - indeed; प्रचुरच्छलम् (pracuracchalam) - abundant in deceit; (nominative singular of pracuracchala);]

(Earth or the world of the gods or let it be gone, if it pleases; non-negligence and your duty; Brahman indeed abundant in deceit.)

Whether you go to earth or to the world of the gods, if it pleases you, still you must be vigilant; for Brahman is indeed full of much deceit. (12-315-6)

तेऽनुज्ञातास्ततः सर्वे गुरुणा सत्यवादिना। जग्मुः प्रदक्षिणं कृत्वा व्यासं मूर्ध्नाभिवाद्य च ॥१२-३१५-७॥

te'anujñātās tataḥ sarve guruṇā satyavādinā। jagmuḥ pradakṣiṇaṃ kṛtvā vyāsaṃ mūrdhnābhivādya ca ॥12-315-7॥

[ते (te) - they; अनुज्ञाताः (anujñātāḥ) - having been permitted; ततः (tataḥ) - then; सर्वे (sarve) - all; गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher; सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truth-speaking; जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went; प्रदक्षिणं (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; व्यासं (vyāsam) - Vyāsa; मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with the head; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; च (ca) - and;]

(They, having been permitted then, all by the teacher, by the truth-speaking, went, having performed circumambulation, Vyāsa, with the head having saluted, and.)

Then, having been permitted by their truth-speaking teacher, all of them circumambulated Vyāsa, saluted him with their heads, and departed. (12-315-7)

अवतीर्य महीं तेऽथ चातुर्होत्रमकल्पयन्। संयाजयन्तो विप्रांश्च राजन्यांश्च विशस्तथा ॥१२-३१५-८॥

avatīrya mahīṁ te’tha cāturhotram akalpayan। saṁyājayanto viprāṁś ca rājanyāṁś ca viśas tathā ॥12-315-8॥

[अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended; महीं (mahīṁ) - earth; ते (te) - they; अथ (atha) - then; चातुर्होत्रम् (cāturhotram) - the fourfold sacrificial rites; अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they established; संयाजयन्तः (saṁyājayantaḥ) - causing to perform sacrifices; विप्रान् (viprān) - brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; राजन्यान् (rājanyān) - kṣatriyas; च (ca) - and; विशः (viśaḥ) - the people; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]

(Having descended to the earth, they then established the fourfold sacrificial rites, causing the brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, and likewise the people to perform sacrifices.)

Having descended to the earth, they then established the fourfold sacrificial rites, engaging the brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, and the people in performing sacrifices. (12-315-8)

पूज्यमाना द्विजैर्नित्यं मोदमाना गृहे रताः। याजनाध्यापनरताः श्रीमन्तो लोकविश्रुताः ॥१२-३१५-९॥

pūjyamānā dvijair nityaṃ modamānā gṛhe ratāḥ। yājanādhyāpanaratāḥ śrīmanto lokaviśrutāḥ ॥12-315-9॥

[पूज्यमाना (pūjyamānā) - being worshipped; द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by twice-borns; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; मोदमाना (modamānā) - rejoicing; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; रताः (ratāḥ) - engaged; याजनाध्यापनरताः (yājanādhyāpanaratāḥ) - engaged in performing sacrifices and teaching; श्रीमन्तः (śrīmantaḥ) - prosperous; लोकविश्रुताः (lokaviśrutāḥ) - renowned in the world;]

(Being worshipped by twice-borns, always rejoicing, engaged in the house, engaged in performing sacrifices and teaching, prosperous, renowned in the world.)

They are always worshipped by the twice-born, ever rejoicing, devoted to their homes, engaged in performing sacrifices and teaching, prosperous, and renowned throughout the world. (12-315-9)

अवतीर्णेषु शिष्येषु व्यासः पुत्रसहायवान्। तूष्णीं ध्यानपरो धीमानेकान्ते समुपाविशत् ॥१२-३१५-१०॥

avatīrṇeṣu śiṣyeṣu vyāsaḥ putrasahāyavān। tūṣṇīṃ dhyānaparo dhīmānekānte samupāviśat ॥12-315-10॥

[अवतीर्णेषु (avatīrṇeṣu) - having descended; in those who have come down; शिष्येषु (śiṣyeṣu) - in disciples; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; पुत्रसहायवान् (putrasahāyavān) - having son as companion; तूष्णीं (tūṣṇīṃ) - silently; ध्यानपरो (dhyānaparaḥ) - intent on meditation; धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise; एकान्ते (ekānte) - in solitude; समुपाविशत् (samupāviśat) - sat down together;]

(Having descended among the disciples, Vyāsa, having his son as companion, silently, intent on meditation, wise, in solitude, sat down together.)

When the disciples had assembled, Vyāsa, accompanied by his son, silently and wisely sat down in solitude, intent on meditation. (12-315-10)

तं ददर्शाश्रमपदे नारदः सुमहातपाः। अथैनमब्रवीत्काले मधुराक्षरया गिरा ॥१२-३१५-११॥

taṃ dadarśāśramapade nāradaḥ sumahātapāḥ। athainamabravītkāle madhurākṣarayā girā ॥12-315-11॥

[तं (taṃ) - him; ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw; आश्रमपदे (āśramapade) - in the hermitage place; नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada; सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - of great austerity; अथ (atha) - then; एनम् (enam) - him; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke; काले (kāle) - at the proper time; मधुराक्षरया (madhurākṣarayā) - with sweet syllables; गिरा (girā) - with speech;]

(Him saw in the hermitage place Nārada of great austerity. Then him spoke at the proper time with sweet syllables with speech.)

Nārada, of great austerity, saw him in the hermitage. Then, at the proper time, he addressed him with sweet words. (12-315-11)

भो भो महर्षे वासिष्ठ ब्रह्मघोषो न वर्तते। एको ध्यानपरस्तूष्णीं किमास्से चिन्तयन्निव ॥१२-३१५-१२॥

bho bho maharṣe vāsiṣṭha brahmaghoṣo na vartate। eko dhyānaparastūṣṇīṃ kimāsse cintayanniva ॥12-315-12॥

[भो (bho) - O; (vocative particle); भो (bho) - O; (vocative particle); महर्षे (maharṣe) - great sage; (vocative singular); वासिष्ठ (vāsiṣṭha) - O descendant of Vasiṣṭha; (vocative singular); ब्रह्मघोषः (brahmaghoṣaḥ) - sound of Vedic chanting; (nom. sing.); न (na) - not; वर्तते (vartate) - is present; exists; एकः (ekaḥ) - alone; one; ध्यानपरः (dhyānaparaḥ) - absorbed in meditation; तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silent; in silence; किम् (kim) - why; what; आस्से (āsse) - are you sitting; do you sit; चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking; pondering; इव (iva) - as if; like;]

(O O great sage Vasiṣṭha, the sound of Vedic chanting is not present. Alone, absorbed in meditation, silent, why do you sit as if pondering?)

O great sage Vasiṣṭha, the sound of Vedic chanting is absent. Why do you sit alone, silent and absorbed in meditation, as if lost in thought? (12-315-12)

ब्रह्मघोषैर्विरहितः पर्वतोऽयं न शोभते। रजसा तमसा चैव सोमः सोपप्लवो यथा ॥१२-३१५-१३॥

brahmaghoṣair virahitaḥ parvato'yaṃ na śobhate। rajasā tamasā caiva somaḥ sopaplavo yathā ॥12-315-13॥

[ब्रह्मघोषैः (brahmaghoṣaiḥ) - with sounds of Vedic chants; विरहितः (virahitaḥ) - devoid; पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain; अयम् (ayam) - this; न (na) - not; शोभते (śobhate) - shines; रजसा (rajasā) - by dust; तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon; सोपप्लवः (sopaplavaḥ) - with disturbance; यथा (yathā) - just as;]

(Devoid of sounds of Vedic chants, this mountain does not shine; just as the moon, indeed, with dust and darkness and with disturbance.)

This mountain, devoid of the sounds of Vedic chants, does not appear splendid, just as the moon, when covered by dust and darkness and disturbed, does not shine. (12-315-13)

न भ्राजते यथापूर्वं निषादानामिवालयः। देवर्षिगणजुष्टोऽपि वेदध्वनिनिराकृतः ॥१२-३१५-१४॥

na bhrājate yathā-pūrvaṃ niṣādānām iva ālayaḥ। devarṣigaṇajuṣṭaḥ api vedadhvani-nirākṛtaḥ ॥12-315-14॥

[न (na) - not; भ्राजते (bhrājate) - shines; यथा (yathā) - as; पूर्वं (pūrvaṃ) - before; निषादानाम् (niṣādānām) - of the Niṣādas; इव (iva) - like; आलयः (ālayaḥ) - abode; देवर्षिगणजुष्टः (devarṣigaṇajuṣṭaḥ) - favored by the group of divine sages; अपि (api) - even; वेदध्वनिनिराकृतः (vedadhvani-nirākṛtaḥ) - driven away by the sound of the Veda;]

(Not shines as before, like the abode of the Niṣādas; even though favored by the group of divine sages, driven away by the sound of the Veda.)

It does not shine as before, like the abode of the Niṣādas; even though it was favored by the group of divine sages, it has been dispelled by the sound of the Veda. (12-315-14)

ऋषयश्च हि देवाश्च गन्धर्वाश्च महौजसः। विमुक्ता ब्रह्मघोषेण न भ्राजन्ते यथा पुरा ॥१२-३१५-१५॥

ṛṣayaś ca hi devāś ca gandharvāś ca mahaujasaḥ। vimuktā brahmaghoṣeṇa na bhrājante yathā purā ॥12-315-15॥

[ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - seers; च (ca) - and; हि (hi) - indeed; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; च (ca) - and; गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - gandharvas; च (ca) - and; महौजसः (mahaujasaḥ) - of great energy; विमुक्ताः (vimuktāḥ) - liberated; ब्रह्मघोषेण (brahmaghoṣeṇa) - by the sound of Brahman; न (na) - not; भ्राजन्ते (bhrājante) - shine; यथा (yathā) - as; पुरा (purā) - formerly;]

(Seers and indeed gods and gandharvas and those of great energy, liberated by the sound of Brahman, do not shine as formerly.)

The seers, gods, and gandharvas of great energy, though liberated by the sound of Brahman, do not shine as they once did. (12-315-15)

नारदस्य वचः श्रुत्वा कृष्णद्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत्। महर्षे यत्त्वया प्रोक्तं वेदवादविचक्षण ॥१२-३१५-१६॥

nāradasya vacaḥ śrutvā kṛṣṇadvaipāyano'bravīt। maharṣe yattvayā proktaṃ vedavādavicakṣaṇa ॥12-315-16॥

[नारदस्य (nāradasya) - of Nārada; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; कृष्णद्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ) - Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana (Vyāsa); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage; यत् (yat) - which; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; प्रोक्तं (proktaṃ) - spoken; वेदवादविचक्षण (vedavādavicakṣaṇa) - O knower of Vedic discourse;]

(Having heard the speech of Nārada, Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana said: O great sage, that which was spoken by you, O knower of Vedic discourse. (12-315-16))

After hearing Nārada's words, Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana (Vyāsa) said: "O great sage, what you have spoken, O expert in Vedic teachings..." (12-315-16)

एतन्मनोनुकूलं मे भवानर्हति भाषितुम्। सर्वज्ञः सर्वदर्शी च सर्वत्र च कुतूहली ॥१२-३१५-१७॥

etanmanonukūlaṃ me bhavānarhati bhāṣitum। sarvajñaḥ sarvadarśī ca sarvatra ca kutūhalī ॥12-315-17॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; मनोऽनुकूलम् (mano'nukūlam) - mind-pleasing; मे (me) - to me; भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific); अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; भाषितुम् (bhāṣitum) - to speak; सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - all-knowing; सर्वदर्शी (sarvadarśī) - all-seeing; च (ca) - and; सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere; च (ca) - and; कुतूहली (kutūhalī) - curious;]

(This mind-pleasing to me you deserve to speak. All-knowing, all-seeing and everywhere and curious.)

You, who are all-knowing, all-seeing, present everywhere and curious, deserve to speak that which is pleasing to my mind. (12-315-17)

त्रिषु लोकेषु यद्वृत्तं सर्वं तव मते स्थितम्। तदाज्ञापय विप्रर्षे ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते ॥१२-३१५-१८॥

triṣu lokeṣu yad vṛttaṃ sarvaṃ tava mate sthitam। tad ājñāpaya viprarṣe brūhi kiṃ karavāṇi te ॥12-315-18॥

[त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three; (locative plural of 'tri', three); लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds; (locative plural of 'loka', world); यत् (yat) - which; (relative pronoun); वृत्तं (vṛttam) - has occurred; (from root 'vṛt', to happen); सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; (neuter singular of 'sarva', all); तव (tava) - your; (genitive singular of 'tvam', you); मते (mate) - in the opinion; (locative singular of 'mati', opinion); स्थितम् (sthitam) - established; (from root 'sthā', to stand, to be established); तत् (tat) - that; (demonstrative pronoun); आज्ञापय (ājñāpaya) - command; (imperative of 'ājñāpay', to order); विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O sage among Brāhmaṇas; (vocative of 'viprarṣi', Brāhmaṇa-sage); ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; (imperative of 'brū', to speak); किं (kiṃ) - what; (interrogative pronoun); करवाणि (karavāṇi) - shall I do; (1st person singular, optative of 'kṛ', to do); ते (te) - for you; (dative singular of 'tvam', you);]

(In the three worlds, whatever has occurred, all, in your opinion, is established. That, command, O sage among Brāhmaṇas, tell what shall I do for you. (12-315-18))

Whatever has happened in all the three worlds is established in your opinion. O sage among Brāhmaṇas, command me—tell me, what shall I do for you? (12-315-18)

यन्मया समनुष्ठेयं ब्रह्मर्षे तदुदाहर। वियुक्तस्येह शिष्यैर्मे नातिहृष्टमिदं मनः ॥१२-३१५-१९॥

yanmayā samanuṣṭheyaṃ brahmarṣe tadudāhara। viyuktasyeha śiṣyairme nātihṛṣṭamidaṃ manaḥ ॥12-315-19॥

[यत् (yat) - which; मया (mayā) - by me; समनुष्ठेयं (samanuṣṭheyaṃ) - should be performed; ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarṣi; तत् (tat) - that; उदाहर (udāhara) - declare; वियुक्तस्य (viyuktasya) - of one separated; इह (iha) - here; शिष्यैः (śiṣyaiḥ) - by disciples; मे (me) - my; न (na) - not; अतिहृष्टम् (atihṛṣṭam) - very pleased; इदं (idaṃ) - this; मनः (manaḥ) - mind;]

(Which by me should be performed, O Brahmarṣi, that declare. Of one separated here by disciples, my mind is not very pleased, this.)

O Brahmarṣi, please declare what should be performed by me. My mind, being separated here from my disciples, is not very pleased. (12-315-19)

नारद उवाच॥

nārada uvāca॥

[नारद (nārada) - Nārada; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]

(Nārada said;)

Nārada said.

अनाम्नायमला वेदा ब्राह्मणस्याव्रतं मलम्। मलं पृथिव्या वाहीकाः स्त्रीणां कौतूहलं मलम् ॥१२-३१५-२०॥

anāmnāyamalā vedā brāhmaṇasyāvrataṃ malam। malaṃ pṛthivyā vāhīkāḥ strīṇāṃ kautūhalaṃ malam ॥12-315-20॥

[अनाम्नायमला (anāmnāya-malā) - having impurity of not being from the Veda recensions; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brāhmaṇa; अव्रतम् (avratam) - not observing vows; मलम् (malam) - impurity; मलम् (malam) - impurity; पृथिव्या (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth; वाहीकाः (vāhīkāḥ) - the Vāhīkas (a people); स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women; कौतूहलम् (kautūhalam) - curiosity; मलम् (malam) - impurity;]

(The Vedas are impure by not being from the Veda recensions; for a Brāhmaṇa, not observing vows is impurity; the Vāhīkas are the impurity of the earth; curiosity is the impurity of women.)

The Vedas are considered impure if not from the proper recensions; for a Brāhmaṇa, lack of observance of vows is impurity; the Vāhīkas are the impurity of the earth; curiosity is the impurity of women. (12-315-20)

अधीयतां भवान्वेदान्सार्धं पुत्रेण धीमता। विधुन्वन्ब्रह्मघोषेण रक्षोभयकृतं तमः ॥१२-३१५-२१॥

adhīyatāṃ bhavān vedān sārdhaṃ putreṇa dhīmatā। vidhunvan brahma-ghoṣeṇa rakṣo-bhaya-kṛtaṃ tamaḥ ॥12-315-21॥

[अधीयतां (adhīyatāṃ) - let be studied; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; सार्धं (sārdham) - together with; पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with (your) son; धीमता (dhīmatā) - wise; विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking off; ब्रह्मघोषेण (brahma-ghoṣeṇa) - by the sound of the Veda; रक्षोभयकृतं (rakṣo-bhaya-kṛtaṃ) - caused by fear of demons; तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness;]

(Let you study the Vedas together with your wise son, shaking off the darkness caused by fear of demons by the sound of the Veda.)

Study the Vedas together with your wise son, dispelling the darkness caused by fear of demons through the sound of the Veda. (12-315-21)

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bhishma said;)

Bhishma said.

नारदस्य वचः श्रुत्वा व्यासः परमधर्मवित्। तथेत्युवाच संहृष्टो वेदाभ्यासे दृढव्रतः ॥१२-३१५-२२॥

nāradasya vacaḥ śrutvā vyāsaḥ paramadharmavit। tathetyuvāca saṃhṛṣṭo vedābhyāse dṛḍhavrataḥ ॥12-315-22॥

[नारदस्य (nāradasya) - of Nārada; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; परमधर्मवित् (paramadharmavit) - knower of supreme dharma; तथेत्युवाच (tathetyuvāca) - thus, he said; संहृष्टः (saṃhṛṣṭaḥ) - gladdened; वेदाभ्यासे (vedābhyāse) - in Veda practice; दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in vow;]

(Having heard the speech of Nārada, Vyāsa, knower of supreme dharma, thus said, gladdened, firm in vow in Veda practice.)

Hearing Nārada's words, Vyāsa, who was steadfast in his vow and a knower of the highest dharma, joyfully replied, being firm in his practice of the Vedas. (12-315-22)

शुकेन सह पुत्रेण वेदाभ्यासमथाकरोत्। स्वरेणोच्चैः स शैक्षेण लोकानापूरयन्निव ॥१२-३१५-२३॥

śukena saha putreṇa vedābhyāsam athākarot। svareṇoccaiḥ sa śaikṣeṇa lokān āpūrayann iva ॥12-315-23॥

[शुकेन (śukena) - by Śuka; सह (saha) - together with; पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with (his) son; वेदाभ्यासम् (vedābhyāsam) - practice of the Veda; अथ (atha) - then; अकरोत् (akarot) - he did; स्वरेण (svareṇa) - with voice; उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly; स (sa) - he; शैक्षेण (śaikṣeṇa) - with (the) student's (voice); लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; आपूरयन् (āpūrayan) - filling; इव (iva) - as if;]

(By Śuka, together with (his) son, the practice of the Veda then he did. With voice loudly, he with student's (voice) worlds filling as if.)

Śuka, together with his son, then practiced the Veda. With a loud voice, he, with the voice of a student, seemed as if filling the worlds. (12-315-23)

तयोरभ्यसतोरेवं नानाधर्मप्रवादिनोः। वातोऽतिमात्रं प्रववौ समुद्रानिलवेजितः ॥१२-३१५-२४॥

tayor abhyasator evaṃ nānā-dharma-pravādinoḥ। vātaḥ atimātraṃ pravavau samudra-anila-vejitaḥ ॥12-315-24॥

[तयोः (tayor) - of those two; अभ्यसतोः (abhyasator) - while practicing; एवम् (evaṃ) - thus; नाना (nānā) - various; धर्म (dharma) - natures; प्रवादिनोः (pravādinoḥ) - of those who speak; वातः (vātaḥ) - wind; अतिमात्रम् (atimātram) - excessively; प्रववौ (pravavau) - blew; समुद्र (samudra) - ocean; अनिल (anila) - wind; वेजितः (vejitaḥ) - agitated;]

(Of those two, while practicing thus, of various-natured speakers, the wind excessively blew, agitated by the ocean wind.)

While those two, engaged in such practice and speaking of various natures, the wind blew excessively, stirred by the ocean breeze. (12-315-24)

ततोऽनध्याय इति तं व्यासः पुत्रमवारयत्। शुको वारितमात्रस्तु कौतूहलसमन्वितः ॥१२-३१५-२५॥

tato'adhyāya iti taṃ vyāsaḥ putram avārayat। śuko vāritamātras tu kautūhalasamanvitaḥ ॥12-315-25॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; from that; अनध्याय (anadhyāya) - non-study; not-studying; इति (iti) - thus; so; तम् (tam) - him; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; (the sage Vyāsa); पुत्रम् (putram) - son; अवारयत् (avārayat) - prevented; restrained; शुकः (śukaḥ) - Śuka; (the sage Śuka); वारितमात्रः (vāritamātraḥ) - just being prevented; only having been restrained; तु (tu) - but; कौतूहलसमन्वितः (kautūhalasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with curiosity; filled with inquisitiveness;]

(Then, 'non-study' thus, him Vyāsa (the sage) son prevented. Śuka, just being prevented but endowed with curiosity. (12-315-25))

Then, saying 'non-study', Vyāsa prevented his son. But Śuka, though just restrained, was filled with curiosity. (12-315-25)

अपृच्छत्पितरं ब्रह्मन्कुतो वायुरभूदयम्। आख्यातुमर्हति भवान्वायोः सर्वं विचेष्टितम् ॥१२-३१५-२६॥

apṛcchat pitaraṃ brahman kuto vāyur abhūd ayam। ākhyātum arhati bhavān vāyoḥ sarvaṃ viceṣṭitam ॥12-315-26॥

[अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked; पितरम् (pitaraṃ) - father; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman; कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Vāyu; अभूत् (abhūt) - became; अयम् (ayam) - this; आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to tell; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वायोः (vāyoḥ) - of Vāyu; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; विचेष्टितम् (viceṣṭitam) - activity;]

(Asked father, O Brahman, from where Vāyu became this; to tell is worthy you, of Vāyu all activity.)

He asked his father, "O Brahman, from where did this Vāyu arise? You are worthy to tell all the activities of Vāyu." (12-315-26)

शुकस्यैतद्वचः श्रुत्वा व्यासः परमविस्मितः। अनध्यायनिमित्तेऽस्मिन्निदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१२-३१५-२७॥

śukasyaitad vacaḥ śrutvā vyāsaḥ paramavismitaḥ। anadhyāyanimitte'sminnidaṃ vacanamabravīt ॥12-315-27॥

[शुकस्य (śukasya) - of Śuka; एतद् (etad) - this; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; परमविस्मितः (paramavismitaḥ) - greatly astonished; अनध्यायनिमित्ते (anadhyāyanimitte) - on the occasion of non-study; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; इदं (idaṃ) - this; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke;]

(Having heard this speech of Śuka, Vyāsa was greatly astonished. On the occasion of non-study, in this, he spoke this speech. (12-315-27))

Hearing these words of Śuka, Vyāsa was greatly astonished. On this occasion of non-study, he spoke these words. (12-315-27)

दिव्यं ते चक्षुरुत्पन्नं स्वस्थं ते निर्मलं मनः। तमसा रजसा चापि त्यक्तः सत्त्वे व्यवस्थितः ॥१२-३१५-२८॥

divyaṃ te cakṣurutpannaṃ svasthaṃ te nirmalaṃ manaḥ। tamasā rajasā cāpi tyaktaḥ sattve vyavasthitaḥ ॥12-315-28॥

[दिव्यं (divyaṃ) - divine; ते (te) - your; चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; उत्पन्नं (utpannaṃ) - arisen; स्वस्थं (svasthaṃ) - healthy; ते (te) - your; निर्मलं (nirmalaṃ) - pure; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness; रजसा (rajasā) - by passion; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - abandoned; सत्त्वे (sattve) - in purity; व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established;]

(Divine your eye arisen, healthy your pure mind; by darkness and by passion also abandoned, in purity established.)

Your divine eye has arisen, and your mind is healthy and pure; freed from darkness and passion, you are established in purity. (12-315-28)

आदर्शे स्वामिव छायां पश्यस्यात्मानमात्मना। न्यस्यात्मनि स्वयं वेदान्बुद्ध्या समनुचिन्तय ॥१२-३१५-२९॥

ādarśe svāmiva chāyāṃ paśyasyātmānamātmanā. nyasyātmani svayaṃ vedānbuddhyā samanucintaya ॥12-315-29॥

[आदर्शे (ādarśe) - in a mirror; स्वामिव (svāmiva) - like one's own; छायां (chāyām) - shadow; पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self; आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self; न्यस्य (nyasya) - placing; आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self; स्वयं (svayam) - oneself; वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; समनुचिन्तय (samanucintaya) - deeply reflect;]

(In a mirror, like one's own shadow, you see the self by the self. Placing in the self, oneself, the Vedas, by intellect, deeply reflect.)

Just as you see your own shadow in a mirror by yourself, so place the Vedas within yourself and deeply reflect upon them with your intellect. (12-315-29)

देवयानचरो विष्णोः पितृयानश्च तामसः। द्वावेतौ प्रेत्य पन्थानौ दिवं चाधश्च गच्छतः ॥१२-३१५-३०॥

devayānacaro viṣṇoḥ pitṛyānaś ca tāmasaḥ। dvāvetau pretya panthānau divaṃ cādhaś ca gacchataḥ ॥12-315-30॥

[देवयानचरो (devayānacaraḥ) - one who moves on the path of the gods; विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Viṣṇu; पितृयानश्च (pitṛyānaś ca) - and one who moves on the path of the ancestors; तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - dark; द्वावेतौ (dvāv etau) - these two; प्रेत्य (pretya) - having died; पन्थानौ (panthānau) - paths; दिवं (divam) - heaven; च (ca) - and; अधश्च (adhaś ca) - and below; गच्छतः (gacchataḥ) - go;]

(One who moves on the path of the gods, of Viṣṇu; and one who moves on the path of the ancestors, dark; these two, having died, paths, heaven and below and go. (12-315-30))

The one who follows the path of the gods, that of Viṣṇu, and the one who follows the path of the ancestors, which is dark—these two paths, after death, lead respectively to heaven and to the lower realms. (12-315-30)

पृथिव्यामन्तरिक्षे च यत्र संवान्ति वायवः। सप्तैते वायुमार्गा वै तान्निबोधानुपूर्वशः ॥१२-३१५-३१॥

pṛthivyām antarikṣe ca yatra saṃvānti vāyavaḥ। saptaite vāyumārgā vai tān nibodha anupūrvaśaḥ ॥12-315-31॥

[पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth; अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere; च (ca) - and; यत्र (yatra) - where; संवान्ति (saṃvānti) - move together; वायवः (vāyavaḥ) - the winds; सप्त (sapta) - seven; एते (ete) - these; वायुमार्गाः (vāyumārgāḥ) - paths of the wind; वै (vai) - indeed; तान् (tān) - those; निबोध (nibodha) - know; अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in order;]

(On the earth, in the atmosphere, and where the winds move together; these seven are indeed the paths of the wind; know those in order.)

On the earth, in the atmosphere, and wherever the winds move together, these are the seven paths of the wind; know them in their proper order. (12-315-31)

तत्र देवगणाः साध्याः समभूवन्महाबलाः। तेषामप्यभवत्पुत्रः समानो नाम दुर्जयः ॥१२-३१५-३२॥

tatra devagaṇāḥ sādhyāḥ samabhūvanmahābalāḥ। teṣāmapyabhavatputraḥ samāno nāma durjayaḥ ॥12-315-32॥

[तत्र (tatra) - there; देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - groups of gods; साध्याः (sādhyāḥ) - Sādhyas (a class of deities); समभूवन् (samabhūvan) - were born together; महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - of great strength; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अपि (api) - also; अभवत् (abhavat) - there was; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; समानः (samānaḥ) - Samāna (name); नाम (nāma) - named; दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - Durjaya (name);]

(There, groups of gods, Sādhyas, of great strength, were born together. Of them also, there was a son, Samāna named Durjaya. (12-315-32))

There, the groups of gods known as the Sādhyas, who were of great strength, were born together. Among them, there was also a son named Samāna, called Durjaya. (12-315-32)

उदानस्तस्य पुत्रोऽभूद्व्यानस्तस्याभवत्सुतः। अपानश्च ततो ज्ञेयः प्राणश्चापि ततः परम् ॥१२-३१५-३३॥

udānas tasya putro'bhūd vyānas tasyābhavat sutaḥ। apānaś ca tato jñeyaḥ prāṇaś cāpi tataḥ param ॥12-315-33॥

[उदानः (udānaḥ) - upward-breath; तस्य (tasya) - of him; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; अभूत् (abhūt) - became; व्यानः (vyānaḥ) - diffusive-breath; तस्य (tasya) - of him; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; अपानः (apānaḥ) - downward-breath; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known; प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - vital-breath; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; परम् (param) - supreme;]

(Upward-breath of him son became, diffusive-breath of him became son; downward-breath and from that to be known, vital-breath and also from that supreme.)

Udāna became his son, and Vyāna became his son; Apāna is to be known from that, and Prāṇa also, the supreme, from that. (12-315-33)

अनपत्योऽभवत्प्राणो दुर्धर्षः शत्रुतापनः। पृथक्कर्माणि तेषां तु प्रवक्ष्यामि यथातथम् ॥१२-३१५-३४॥

anapatyo'bhavat prāṇo durdharṣaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ। pṛthak karmāṇi teṣāṃ tu pravakṣyāmi yathā tatham ॥12-315-34॥

[अनपत्यः (anapatyaḥ) - without offspring; अभवत् (abhavat) - became; प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - Prāṇa (life-breath); दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - difficult to overcome; शत्रुतापनः (śatrutāpanaḥ) - tormentor of enemies; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; तु (tu) - but; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; यथा (yathā) - as; तथम् (tatham) - thus;]

(Without offspring became Prāṇa, difficult to overcome, tormentor of enemies. Separately the actions of them but I shall declare as thus. (12-315-34))

Prāṇa, who was without offspring, became difficult to overcome and a tormentor of enemies. But I shall now declare their actions separately, just as they were. (12-315-34)

प्राणिनां सर्वतो वायुश्चेष्टा वर्तयते पृथक्। प्राणनाच्चैव भूतानां प्राण इत्यभिधीयते ॥१२-३१५-३५॥

prāṇināṃ sarvato vāyuśceṣṭā vartayate pṛthak। prāṇanāccaiva bhūtānāṃ prāṇa ityabhidhīyate ॥12-315-35॥

[प्राणिनां (prāṇinām) - of living beings; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - on all sides; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; चेष्टा (ceṣṭā) - activity; वर्तयते (vartayate) - causes to proceed; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; प्राणनात् (prāṇanāt) - from breathing; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भूतानां (bhūtānām) - of beings; प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - prāṇa; इति (iti) - thus; अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called;]

(Of living beings, on all sides, wind, activity, causes to proceed, separately. From breathing and indeed, of beings, prāṇa, thus, is called.)

The wind, which causes the activity of living beings on all sides separately, is called 'prāṇa' because of breathing, and thus it is named prāṇa among beings. (12-315-35)

प्रेरयत्यभ्रसङ्घातान्धूमजांश्चोष्मजांश्च यः। प्रथमः प्रथमे मार्गे प्रवहो नाम सोऽनिलः ॥१२-३१५-३६॥

prerayaty-abhrasaṅghātān dhūmajāṃś ca uṣmajāṃś ca yaḥ। prathamaḥ prathame mārge pravaho nāma so'nilaḥ॥12-315-36॥

[प्रेरयति (prerayati) - sets in motion; अभ्रसङ्घातान् (abhrasaṅghātān) - cloud-masses; धूमजाञ् (dhūmajān) - smoke-born (objects); च (ca) - and; उष्मजाञ् (uṣmajān) - heat-born (objects); च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) - first; प्रथमे (prathame) - in the first; मार्गे (mārge) - path; प्रवहः (pravahaḥ) - Pravaha (name); नाम (nāma) - named; सः (saḥ) - he; अनिलः (anilaḥ) - wind;]

(He who sets in motion cloud-masses, smoke-born and heat-born (objects), who is first in the first path, named Pravaha, he is wind.)

The wind named Pravaha, who is the first in the first path, sets in motion the masses of clouds, as well as smoke-born and heat-born objects. (12-315-36)

अम्बरे स्नेहमभ्रेभ्यस्तडिद्भ्यश्चोत्तमद्युतिः। आवहो नाम संवाति द्वितीयः श्वसनो नदन् ॥१२-३१५-३७॥

ambare sneham abhrebhyaḥ taḍidbhyaś ca uttama-dyutiḥ। āvahaḥ nāma saṃvāti dvitīyaḥ śvasanaḥ nadan ॥12-315-37॥

[अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky; स्नेहम् (sneham) - moisture; अभ्रेभ्यः (abhrebhyaḥ) - from the clouds; तडिद्भ्यः (taḍidbhyaḥ) - from the lightnings; च (ca) - and; उत्तमद्युतिः (uttama-dyutiḥ) - of excellent brightness; आवहः (āvahaḥ) - āvaha (name of wind); नाम (nāma) - by name; संवाति (saṃvāti) - blows together; द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second; श्वसनः (śvasanaḥ) - wind; नदन् (nadan) - roaring;]

(In the sky, moisture from the clouds and from the lightnings and of excellent brightness; Āvaha by name, blows together, the second wind, roaring.)

In the sky, the moisture from the clouds and the lightnings, and of excellent brightness; the second wind, called Āvaha, blows together, roaring. (12-315-37)

उदयं ज्योतिषां शश्वत्सोमादीनां करोति यः। अन्तर्देहेषु चोदानं यं वदन्ति महर्षयः ॥१२-३१५-३८॥

udayaṃ jyotiṣāṃ śaśvatsomādīnāṃ karoti yaḥ। antardeheṣu codānaṃ yaṃ vadanti maharṣayaḥ ॥12-315-38॥

[उदयं (udayaṃ) - rising; ज्योतिषां (jyotiṣāṃ) - of the luminaries; शश्वत् (śaśvat) - eternal; सोमादीनां (somādīnāṃ) - of Soma and others; करोति (karoti) - does; यः (yaḥ) - who; अन्तर्देहेषु (antardeheṣu) - within the bodies; च (ca) - and; उदानं (udānaṃ) - udāna (vital air); यं (yaṃ) - which; वदन्ति (vadanti) - say; महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages;]

(Who does the rising of the luminaries, of the eternal Soma and others; and within the bodies, which the great sages call udāna;)

He who causes the rising of the luminaries, including the eternal Soma and others, and whom the great sages call udāna within the bodies; (12-315-38)

यश्चतुर्भ्यः समुद्रेभ्यो वायुर्धारयते जलम्। उद्धृत्याददते चापो जीमूतेभ्योऽम्बरेऽनिलः ॥१२-३१५-३९॥

yaś caturbhyaḥ samudrebhyo vāyur dhārayate jalam। uddhṛtya ādadate ca āpaḥ jīmūtebhyaḥ ambare anilaḥ ॥12-315-39॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; चतुर्भ्यः (caturbhyaḥ) - from the four; समुद्रेभ्यः (samudrebhyaḥ) - from the oceans; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; धारयते (dhārayate) - holds; जलम् (jalam) - water; उद्धृत्य (uddhṛtya) - having lifted up; आददते (ādadate) - takes; च (ca) - and; अपः (āpaḥ) - waters; जीमूतेभ्यः (jīmūtebhyaḥ) - from the clouds; अम्बरे (ambare) - in the sky; अनिलः (anilaḥ) - wind;]

(Who, from the four oceans, the wind holds water; having lifted up, the waters take (it) from the clouds in the sky, the wind.)

The wind, having drawn up water from the four oceans, holds it; and having lifted it, the waters are taken from the clouds in the sky by the wind. (12-315-39)

योऽद्भिः संयोज्य जीमूतान्पर्जन्याय प्रयच्छति। उद्वहो नाम वर्षिष्ठस्त्रितीयः स सदागतिः ॥१२-३१५-४०॥

yo' dbhiḥ saṃyojya jīmūtān parjanyāya prayacchati। udvaho nāma varṣiṣṭhastritīyaḥ sa sadāgatiḥ ॥12-315-40॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - with waters; संयोज्य (saṃyojya) - having united; जीमूतान् (jīmūtān) - clouds; पर्जन्याय (parjanyāya) - to Parjanya (rain god); प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives; उद्वहः (udvahaḥ) - Udvaha (name); नाम (nāma) - named; वर्षिष्ठः (varṣiṣṭhaḥ) - most rainy; तृतीयः (tṛtīyaḥ) - third; सः (saḥ) - he; सदा (sadā) - always; गतिः (gatiḥ) - course;]

(Who, having united clouds with waters, gives them to Parjanya; Udvaha by name, the most rainy, the third, he always (has) course. (12-315-40))

He who, having united the clouds with waters, gives them to Parjanya; he is called Udvaha, the most rainy, the third, and he always moves on his course. (12-315-40)

समुह्यमाना बहुधा येन नीलाः पृथग्घनाः। वर्षमोक्षकृतारम्भास्ते भवन्ति घनाघनाः ॥१२-३१५-४१॥

samuhyamānā bahudhā yena nīlāḥ pṛthagghanāḥ। varṣamokṣakṛtārambhās te bhavanti ghanāghanāḥ॥12-315-41॥

[समुह्यमाना (samuhyamānā) - being gathered together; बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways; येन (yena) - by whom; नीलाः (nīlāḥ) - dark-blue; पृथग्घनाः (pṛthagghanāḥ) - separate clouds; वर्षमोक्षकृतारम्भाः (varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāḥ) - those whose activity is the release of rain; ते (te) - they; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; घनाघनाः (ghanāghanāḥ) - masses of clouds;]

(Being gathered together in many ways by whom the dark-blue separate clouds, whose activity is the release of rain, they become masses of clouds.)

Those dark-blue, separate clouds, gathered together in many ways by him, whose activity is to release rain, become masses of clouds. (12-315-41)

संहता येन चाविद्धा भवन्ति नदतां नदाः। रक्षणार्थाय सम्भूता मेघत्वमुपयान्ति च ॥१२-३१५-४२॥

saṃhatā yena cāviddhā bhavanti nadatāṃ nadāḥ। rakṣaṇārthāya sambhūtā meghatvamupayānti ca ॥12-315-42॥

[संहता (saṃhatā) - joined together; येन (yena) - by whom; च (ca) - and; आविद्धा (āviddhā) - pierced; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; नदतां (nadatām) - of those making sound; नदाः (nadāḥ) - rivers; रक्षणार्थाय (rakṣaṇārthāya) - for the purpose of protection; सम्भूता (sambhūtā) - arisen; मेघत्वम् (meghatvam) - the state of being a cloud; उपयान्ति (upayānti) - attain; च (ca) - and;]

(Joined together by whom and pierced become of those making sound rivers; for the purpose of protection arisen the state of being a cloud attain and;)

The rivers, which are joined together and pierced by someone, become noisy; for the purpose of protection, they arise and attain the state of being clouds. (12-315-42)

योऽसौ वहति देवानां विमानानि विहायसा। चतुर्थः संवहो नाम वायुः स गिरिमर्दनः ॥१२-३१५-४३॥

yo'sau vahati devānāṃ vimānāni vihāyasā। caturthaḥ saṃvaho nāma vāyuḥ sa girimardanaḥ ॥12-315-43॥

[यः (yaḥ) - who; असौ (asau) - that; वहति (vahati) - carries; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; विमानानि (vimānāni) - chariots; विहायसा (vihāyasā) - by the sky; चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - fourth; संवहः (saṃvahaḥ) - Saṃvaha; नाम (nāma) - by name; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; सः (saḥ) - he; गिरिमर्दनः (girimardanaḥ) - crusher of mountains;]

(He who carries the chariots of the gods by the sky, the fourth, named Saṃvaha, wind, he is the crusher of mountains.)

He who carries the chariots of the gods through the sky, the fourth wind named Saṃvaha, is the crusher of mountains. (12-315-43)

येन वेगवता रुग्णा रूक्षेणारुजता रसान्। वायुना विहता मेघा न भवन्ति बलाहकाः ॥१२-३१५-४४॥

yena vegavatā rugṇā rūkṣeṇārujatā rasān। vāyunā vihatā meghā na bhavanti balāhakāḥ ॥12-315-44॥

[येन (yena) - by which; (instrumental singular of yat) वेगवता (vegavatā) - by the swift; (instrumental singular of vegavat) रुग्णा (rugṇā) - broken; (nominative plural feminine of rugṇa) रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) - by the dry; (instrumental singular of rūkṣa) अरुजता (arujatā) - by the non-hurting; (instrumental singular of arujat) रसान् (rasān) - juices; (accusative plural of rasa) वायुना (vāyunā) - by the wind; (instrumental singular of vāyu) विहता (vihatā) - driven away; (nominative plural feminine of vihata) मेघा (meghā) - clouds; (nominative plural masculine of megha) न (na) - not; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; (third person plural present of bhū) बलाहकाः (balāhakāḥ) - rain clouds; (nominative plural masculine of balāhaka);]

(By which, by the swift, broken, by the dry, by the non-hurting, juices, by the wind, driven away, clouds, not, become, rain clouds.)

The clouds, broken by the swift, dry, non-hurting wind, having their juices driven away, do not become rain clouds. (12-315-44)

दारुणोत्पातसञ्चारो नभसः स्तनयित्नुमान्। पञ्चमः स महावेगो विवहो नाम मारुतः ॥१२-३१५-४५॥

dāruṇotpātasañcāro nabhasaḥ stanayitnumān। pañcamaḥ sa mahāvegō vivahō nāma mārutaḥ ॥12-315-45॥

[दारुण (dāruṇa) - terrible; harsh; उत्पात (utpāta) - portent; calamity; सञ्चारः (sañcāraḥ) - movement; going; नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - of the sky; स्तनयित्नुमान् (stanayitnumān) - thunderous; having thunder; पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - fifth; सः (saḥ) - he; that; महावेगः (mahāvegaḥ) - of great speed; विवहः (vivahaḥ) - Vivaha; (proper name); नाम (nāma) - named; by name; मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - wind; Marut;]

(Terrible portent movement of the sky thunderous; fifth he of great speed Vivaha named wind;)

The fifth wind, named Vivaha, of great speed, is a terrible portentous movement in the sky, thunderous in nature. (12-315-45)

यस्मिन्पारिप्लवे दिव्या वहन्त्यापो विहायसा। पुण्यं चाकाशगङ्गायास्तोयं विष्टभ्य तिष्ठति ॥१२-३१५-४६॥

yasmin pāriplave divyā vahanty āpo vihāyasā। puṇyaṃ cākāśagaṅgāyās toyaṃ viṣṭabhya tiṣṭhati ॥12-315-46॥

[यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; पारिप्लवे (pāriplave) - deluge; दिव्या (divyā) - divine; वहन्ति (vahanti) - carry; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; विहायसा (vihāyasā) - by the sky; पुण्यं (puṇyam) - meritorious; च (ca) - and; आकाशगङ्गायाः (ākāśagaṅgāyāḥ) - of the celestial Ganga; तोयम् (toyam) - water; विष्टभ्य (viṣṭabhya) - having supported; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains;]

(In which deluge the divine waters carry (things) by the sky, and the meritorious water of the celestial Ganga, having supported (it), remains.)

In that deluge, the divine waters are carried through the sky, and the sacred water of the celestial Ganga, having supported all, remains. (12-315-46)

दूरात्प्रतिहतो यस्मिन्नेकरश्मिर्दिवाकरः। योनिरंशुसहस्रस्य येन भाति वसुन्धरा ॥१२-३१५-४७॥

dūrāt pratihato yasmin nekaraśmir divākaraḥ। yonir aḿśusahasrasya yena bhāti vasundharā ॥12-315-47॥

[दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar; प्रतिहतः (pratihataḥ) - repelled; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; एकरश्मिः (ekaraśmiḥ) - single-rayed; दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun; योनिः (yoniḥ) - source; अंशुसहस्रस्य (aṁśusahasrasya) - of a thousand rays; येन (yena) - by which; भाति (bhāti) - shines; वसुन्धरा (vasundharā) - the earth;]

(From afar repelled, in which the single-rayed sun, the source of a thousand rays, by which shines the earth.)

That in which the sun, whose single ray is repelled from afar, is the source of a thousand rays, by which the earth shines. (12-315-47)

यस्मादाप्यायते सोमो निधिर्दिव्योऽमृतस्य च। षष्ठः परिवहो नाम स वायुर्जवतां वरः ॥१२-३१५-४८॥

yasmād āpyāyate somo nidhir divyo 'mṛtasya ca। ṣaṣṭhaḥ parivaho nāma sa vāyur javatāṃ varaḥ ॥12-315-48॥

[यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from which; आप्यायते (āpyāyate) - is filled; सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma; निधिः (nidhiḥ) - treasure; दिव्यः (divyaḥ) - divine; अमृतस्य (amṛtasya) - of nectar; च (ca) - and; षष्ठः (ṣaṣṭhaḥ) - sixth; परिवहः (parivahaḥ) - conduit; नाम (nāma) - named; सः (saḥ) - he; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; जवताम् (javatām) - of the swift; वरः (varaḥ) - best;]

(From which Soma, the treasure, is filled, the divine and of nectar; the sixth conduit named, he is the wind, best of the swift.)

From which Soma, the divine treasure of nectar, is filled; the sixth conduit is called Parivaha, and it is the wind, the best among the swift. (12-315-48)

सर्वप्राणभृतां प्राणान्योऽन्तकाले निरस्यति। यस्य वर्त्मानुवर्तेते मृत्युवैवस्वतावुभौ ॥१२-३१५-४९॥

sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṃ prāṇānyo'ntakāle nirasya ti। yasya vartmānuvar tete mṛtyuvaivasvatāvubhau ॥12-315-49॥

[सर्वप्राणभृताम् (sarvaprāṇabhṛtām) - of all life-bearers; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths; यः (yaḥ) - who; अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the final time; निरस्यति (nirasya ti) - removes; यस्य (yasya) - whose; वर्त्म (vartma) - path; अनुवर्तेते (anuvar tete) - follow; मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Death; वैवस्वतौ (vaivasvatau) - Yama and Vaivasvata; उभौ (ubhau) - both;]

(Of all life-bearers, the life-breaths, who at the final time removes; whose path follow Death and Vaivasvata, both.)

He who removes the life-breaths of all living beings at the final moment, whose path both Death and Vaivasvata follow. (12-315-49)

सम्यगन्वीक्षतां बुद्ध्या शान्तयाध्यात्मनित्यया। ध्यानाभ्यासाभिरामाणां योऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते ॥१२-३१५-५०॥

samyaganvīkṣatāṃ buddhyā śāntayādhyātmanityayā। dhyānābhyāsābhirāmāṇāṃ yo'mṛtatvāya kalpate ॥12-315-50॥

[सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; thoroughly; अन्वीक्षताम् (anvīkṣatām) - of those who examine; investigate; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect; by understanding; शान्तया (śāntayā) - by tranquil; by peaceful; अध्यात्मनित्यया (adhyātmanityayā) - by constant (devotion) to the self; by perpetual spirituality; ध्यानाभ्यासाभिरामाणाम् (dhyānābhyāsābhirāmāṇām) - of those delightful in the practice of meditation; यः (yaḥ) - who; अमृतत्वाय (amṛtatvāya) - for immortality; कल्पते (kalpate) - becomes fit; is qualified;]

(Properly of those who examine by intellect, by tranquil, by constant devotion to the self, of those delightful in the practice of meditation, who becomes fit for immortality.)

He who, properly examining with a tranquil intellect that is constantly devoted to the self, and who delights in the practice of meditation, becomes fit for immortality. (12-315-50)

यं समासाद्य वेगेन दिशामन्तं प्रपेदिरे। दक्षस्य दश पुत्राणां सहस्राणि प्रजापतेः ॥१२-३१५-५१॥

yaṃ samāsādya vegena diśām antaṃ prapedire। dakṣasya daśa putrāṇāṃ sahasrāṇi prajāpateḥ ॥12-315-51॥

[यं (yaṃ) - whom; समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached; वेगेन (vegena) - with speed; दिशाम् (diśām) - of directions; अन्तम् (antam) - end; प्रपेदिरे (prapedire) - they reached; दक्षस्य (dakṣasya) - of Dakṣa; दश (daśa) - ten; पुत्राणां (putrāṇām) - of sons; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of the lord of creatures;]

(Whom having approached with speed, the end of the directions they reached; of Dakṣa, of ten sons, thousands, of the lord of creatures;)

Having swiftly approached him, the thousands of the ten sons of Dakṣa, the lord of creatures, reached the ends of the directions. (12-315-51)

येन सृष्टः पराभूतो यात्येव न निवर्तते। परावहो नाम परो वायुः स दुरतिक्रमः ॥१२-३१५-५२॥

yena sṛṣṭaḥ parābhūto yātyeva na nivartate। parāvaho nāma paro vāyuḥ sa duratikramaḥ ॥12-315-52॥

[येन (yena) - by whom; सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created; पराभूतः (parābhūtaḥ) - overpowered; याति (yāti) - goes; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns; परावहः (parāvahaḥ) - Parāvaha (name); नाम (nāma) - by name; परः (paraḥ) - supreme; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; सः (saḥ) - he; दुरतिक्रमः (duratikramaḥ) - difficult to overcome;]

(By whom created, overpowered, goes indeed, does not return. Parāvaha by name, supreme wind, he is difficult to overcome. (12-315-52))

That by which one is created and overpowered, and goes forth never to return—Parāvaha is the name of that supreme wind, which is difficult to overcome. (12-315-52)

एवमेतेऽदितेः पुत्रा मारुताः परमाद्भुताः। अनारमन्तः संवान्ति सर्वगाः सर्वधारिणः ॥१२-३१५-५३॥

evam ete 'diteḥ putrā mārutāḥ paramādbhutāḥ। anāramantaḥ saṃvānti sarvagāḥ sarvadhāriṇaḥ ॥12-315-53॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; in this way; एते (ete) - these; अदितेः (aditeḥ) - of Aditi; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; मारुताः (mārutāḥ) - Maruts; (wind-gods); परम (parama) - supremely; अद्भुताः (adbhutāḥ) - wonderful; अनारमन्तः (anāramantaḥ) - not resting; tireless; संवान्ति (saṃvānti) - move together; blow together; सर्वगाः (sarvagāḥ) - all-pervading; going everywhere; सर्वधारिणः (sarvadhāriṇaḥ) - all-supporting; sustaining all;]

(Thus these sons of Aditi, the Maruts, are supremely wonderful; not resting, they move together, all-pervading, all-supporting.)

In this way, these Maruts, sons of Aditi, are supremely wondrous; they are tireless, move together, pervade all, and sustain everything. (12-315-53)

एतत्तु महदाश्चर्यं यदयं पर्वतोत्तमः। कम्पितः सहसा तेन वायुनाभिप्रवायता ॥१२-३१५-५४॥

etattu mahadāścaryaṃ yadayaṃ parvatottamaḥ। kampitaḥ sahasā tena vāyunābhipravāyatā ॥12-315-54॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; तु (tu) - but; महत् (mahat) - great; आश्चर्यं (āścaryaṃ) - wonder; यत् (yat) - that; अयम् (ayam) - this; पर्वत-उत्तमः (parvata-uttamaḥ) - mountain-best; (the best of mountains;) कम्पितः (kampitaḥ) - shaken; सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly; तेन (tena) - by that; वायुना (vāyunā) - by wind; अभि-प्रवायता (abhi-pravāyatā) - by blowing upon;]

(But this is a great wonder: that this best of mountains was shaken suddenly by that wind blowing upon (it).)

But this is truly a great wonder: that this best of mountains was suddenly shaken by that wind blowing upon it. (12-315-54)

विष्णोर्निःश्वासवातोऽयं यदा वेगसमीरितः। सहसोदीर्यते तात जगत्प्रव्यथते तदा ॥१२-३१५-५५॥

viṣṇor-niḥśvāsa-vāto'yaṃ yadā vega-samīritaḥ। sahasodīryate tāta jagat-pravyathate tadā ॥12-315-55॥

[विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Viṣṇu; निःश्वास (niḥśvāsa) - exhalation; वातः (vātaḥ) - wind; अयम् (ayam) - this; यदा (yadā) - when; वेग (vega) - with speed; समीरितः (samīritaḥ) - set in motion; सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly; उदीर्यते (udīryate) - arises; तात (tāta) - O dear one; जगत् (jagat) - the world; प्रव्यथते (pravyathate) - trembles; तदा (tadā) - then;]

(Of Viṣṇu exhalation wind this when with speed set in motion, suddenly arises, O dear one, the world trembles then.)

O dear one, when this wind, which is the exhalation of Viṣṇu, is suddenly set in motion with speed, then the whole world trembles. (12-315-55)

तस्माद्ब्रह्मविदो ब्रह्म नाधीयन्तेऽतिवायति। वायोर्वायुभयं ह्युक्तं ब्रह्म तत्पीडितं भवेत् ॥१२-३१५-५६॥

tasmādbrahmavido brahma nādhīyante'tivāyati। vāyorvāyubhayaṃ hyuktaṃ brahma tatpīḍitaṃ bhavet ॥12-315-56॥

[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; ब्रह्मविदः (brahmavidaḥ) - knowers of Brahman; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; न (na) - not; अधीयन्ते (adhīyante) - study; अतिवायति (ativāyati) - exceeds the wind; वायोः (vāyoḥ) - of wind; वायुभयम् (vāyubhayaṃ) - fear of wind; हि (hi) - indeed; उक्तम् (uktam) - is said; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; तत् (tat) - that; पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be;]

(Therefore, knowers of Brahman do not study Brahman; (one who) exceeds the wind, of wind, fear of wind indeed is said; Brahman, that afflicted would be.)

Therefore, knowers of Brahman do not study Brahman; for it is said that if one exceeds the wind, there would be fear of the wind; that Brahman would become afflicted. (12-315-56)

एतावदुक्त्वा वचनं पराशरसुतः प्रभुः। उक्त्वा पुत्रमधीष्वेति व्योमगङ्गामयात्तदा ॥१२-३१५-५७॥

etāvad uktvā vacanaṃ parāśarasutaḥ prabhuḥ। uktvā putram adhīṣva iti vyomagaṅgām ayāt tadā ॥12-315-57॥

[एतावत् (etāvat) - thus much; so much; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; statement; पराशरसुतः (parāśarasutaḥ) - son of Parāśara; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord; master; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said; पुत्र (putra) - son; अधीष्व (adhīṣva) - study; learn; इति (iti) - thus; so; व्योमगङ्गाम् (vyomagaṅgām) - the celestial Gaṅgā; Gaṅgā of the sky; अयात् (ayāt) - went; proceeded; तदा (tadā) - then; at that time;]

(Thus much having said the speech, the son of Parāśara, the lord, having said to the son "Study", thus, to the celestial Gaṅgā went then. (12-315-57))

Having spoken thus, the son of Parāśara, the lord, after telling his son "Study", then went to the celestial Gaṅgā. (12-315-57)