13.023
पात्रपरीक्षा
pātraparīkṣā
[पात्र (pātra) - worthy; fit; vessel; recipient; परीक्षा (parīkṣā) - examination; testing; investigation;]
(pātra - worthy; fit; vessel; recipient; parīkṣā - examination; testing; investigation;)
Examination of the worthy;
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
किमाहुर्भरतश्रेष्ठ पात्रं विप्राः सनातनम्। ब्राह्मणं लिङ्गिनं चैव ब्राह्मणं वाप्यलिङ्गिनम् ॥१३-२३-१॥
kim āhur bharataśreṣṭha pātraṃ viprāḥ sanātanam। brāhmaṇaṃ liṅginaṃ caiva brāhmaṇaṃ vāpyaliṅginam ॥13-23-1॥
[किम् (kim) - what; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - the Brāhmaṇas; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brāhmaṇa; लिङ्गिनम् (liṅginam) - one with the sacred thread; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brāhmaṇa; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अलिङ्गिनम् (aliṅginam) - one without the sacred thread;]
(What do they say, O best of the Bharatas, is the eternal worthy recipient, the Brāhmaṇas? The Brāhmaṇa with the sacred thread and indeed the Brāhmaṇa even without the sacred thread.)
O best of the Bharatas, what do the Brāhmaṇas say is the eternal worthy recipient: the Brāhmaṇa with the sacred thread, or even the Brāhmaṇa without the sacred thread? (13-23-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
स्ववृत्तिमभिपन्नाय लिङ्गिने वेतराय वा। देयमाहुर्महाराज उभावेतौ तपस्विनौ ॥१३-२३-२॥
svavṛttim-abhipannāya liṅgine vetarāya vā। deyam āhur mahārāja ubhāv etau tapasvinau ॥13-23-2॥
[स्ववृत्तिम् (svavṛttim) - own conduct; अभिपन्नाय (abhipannāya) - to one who has adopted; लिङ्गिने (liṅgine) - to one bearing the mark (of an ascetic); वेतराय (vetarāya) - to another; वा (vā) - or; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; उभौ (ubhau) - both; एतौ (etau) - these; तपस्विनौ (tapasvinau) - ascetics;]
(To one who has adopted his own conduct, to one bearing the mark (of an ascetic), or to another, should be given, they say, O great king; both these are ascetics.)
O great king, they say that a gift should be given either to one who has adopted his own conduct and bears the ascetic mark, or to another; both these are ascetics. (13-23-2)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
श्रद्धया परया पूतो यः प्रयच्छेद्द्विजातये। हव्यं कव्यं तथा दानं को दोषः स्यात्पितामह ॥१३-२३-३॥
śraddhayā parayā pūto yaḥ prayacched dvijātaye। havyaṃ kavyaṃ tathā dānaṃ ko doṣaḥ syāt pitāmaha ॥13-23-3॥
[श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith; परया (parayā) - supreme; पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified; यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - should give; द्विजातये (dvijātaye) - to a twice-born; हव्यम् (havyam) - offering to gods; कव्यम् (kavyam) - offering to ancestors; तथा (tathā) - also; दानम् (dānam) - gift; कः (kaḥ) - what; दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(With supreme faith, purified, who should give to a twice-born, offering to gods, offering to ancestors, also gift, what fault would be, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, if someone, purified and with supreme faith, gives offerings to the twice-born—whether to gods, ancestors, or as gifts—what fault could there be in that? (13-23-3)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
श्रद्धापूतो नरस्तात दुर्दान्तोऽपि न संशयः। पूतो भवति सर्वत्र किं पुनस्त्वं महीपते ॥१३-२३-४॥
śraddhāpūto narastāta durdānto'pi na saṁśayaḥ। pūto bhavati sarvatra kiṁ punastvaṁ mahīpate ॥13-23-4॥
[श्रद्धा (śraddhā) - faith; पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified; नरः (naraḥ) - man; तात (tāta) - dear one; दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - unrestrained; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere; किं (kiṁ) - what; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; महीपते (mahīpate) - O king;]
(Faith-purified man, dear one, unrestrained even, not doubt; purified becomes everywhere, what again you, O king;)
O dear one, even an unrestrained man, if purified by faith, is without doubt purified everywhere; what then to say of you, O king? (13-23-4)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
न ब्राह्मणं परीक्षेत दैवेषु सततं नरः। कव्यप्रदाने तु बुधाः परीक्ष्यं ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥१३-२३-५॥
na brāhmaṇaṃ parīkṣeta daiveṣu satataṃ naraḥ। kavya-pradāne tu budhāḥ parīkṣyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ ॥13-23-5॥
[न (na) - not; ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; (a Brahmin;) परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should test; दैवेषु (daiveṣu) - in divine rites; सततं (satataṃ) - always; नरः (naraḥ) - man; कव्यप्रदाने (kavya-pradāne) - in the offering of oblations; तु (tu) - but; बुधाः (budhāḥ) - wise men; परीक्ष्यं (parīkṣyam) - to be tested; ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; (a Brahmin;) विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]
(Not a brāhmaṇa should test in divine rites always man. In the offering of oblations but wise men know the brāhmaṇa to be tested.)
A man should not always test a brāhmaṇa in divine rites; but in the offering of oblations, wise men know that the brāhmaṇa should be tested. (13-23-5)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
न ब्राह्मणः साधयते हव्यं दैवात्प्रसिध्यति। देवप्रसादादिज्यन्ते यजमाना न संशयः ॥१३-२३-६॥
na brāhmaṇaḥ sādhayate havyaṃ daivātprasidhyati। devaprasādādijyante yajamānā na saṃśayaḥ ॥13-23-6॥
[न (na) - not; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; priest; साधयते (sādhayate) - accomplishes; causes to succeed; हव्यं (havyaṃ) - offering; oblation; दैवात् (daivāt) - by divine (will); from fate; प्रसिध्यति (prasidhyati) - becomes successful; prospers; देवप्रसादात् (devaprasādāt) - by the grace of the gods; इज्यन्ते (ijyante) - are worshipped; are sacrificed; यजमाना (yajamānā) - sacrificers; performers of sacrifice; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(Not the brāhmaṇa accomplishes the offering; by divine (will) it becomes successful. By the grace of the gods, the sacrificers are worshipped; not (a) doubt.)
It is not the brāhmaṇa who accomplishes the offering; it succeeds by divine will. By the grace of the gods, the sacrificers are able to perform the sacrifice; there is no doubt about this. (13-23-6)
ब्राह्मणा भरतश्रेष्ठ सततं ब्रह्मवादिनः। मार्कण्डेयः पुरा प्राह इह लोकेषु बुद्धिमान् ॥१३-२३-७॥
brāhmaṇā bharataśreṣṭha satataṃ brahmavādinaḥ। mārkaṇḍeyaḥ purā prāha iha lokeṣu buddhimān ॥13-23-7॥
[ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - brāhmaṇas; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; सततं (satataṃ) - always; ब्रह्मवादिनः (brahmavādinaḥ) - speakers of Brahman; मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Markandeya; पुरा (purā) - formerly; प्राह (prāha) - said; इह (iha) - here; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds; बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise;]
(Brāhmaṇas, O best of the Bharatas, always speakers of Brahman; Markandeya formerly said here in the worlds, wise;)
O best of the Bharatas, the brāhmaṇas, who are always speakers of Brahman, Markandeya, who was wise, formerly spoke here in the worlds. (13-23-7)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अपूर्वोऽप्यथ वा विद्वान्सम्बन्धी वाथ यो भवेत्। तपस्वी यज्ञशीलो वा कथं पात्रं भवेत्तु सः ॥१३-२३-८॥
apūrvo'pyatha vā vidvān sambandhī vātha yo bhavet। tapasvī yajñaśīlo vā kathaṁ pātraṁ bhavettu saḥ ॥13-23-8॥
[अपूर्वः (apūrvaḥ) - unprecedented; new; अपि (api) - even; also; अथ (atha) - or; then; वा (vā) - or; विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned; wise; सम्बन्धी (sambandhī) - relative; connected one; वा (vā) - or; अथ (atha) - or; then; यः (yaḥ) - who; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; might be; तपस्वी (tapasvī) - ascetic; one who practices austerity; यज्ञशीलः (yajñaśīlaḥ) - one devoted to sacrifice; वा (vā) - or; कथम् (katham) - how; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy; fit; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; might be; तु (tu) - but; however; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Unprecedented even or then or learned, relative or then who may be; ascetic, one devoted to sacrifice or how worthy may be but he.)
Whether he is unprecedented, or learned, or a relative, or whoever he may be; whether an ascetic or devoted to sacrifice—how can he become worthy? (13-23-8)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
कुलीनः कर्मकृद्वैद्यस्तथा चाप्यानृशंस्यवान्। ह्रीमानृजुः सत्यवादी पात्रं पूर्वे च ते त्रयः ॥१३-२३-९॥
kulīnaḥ karmakṛd vaidyas tathā cāpy anṛśaṁsyavān। hrīmān ṛjuḥ satyavādī pātraṁ pūrve ca te trayaḥ॥13-23-9॥
[कुलीनः (kulīnaḥ) - of noble birth; कर्मकृत् (karmakṛt) - performer of actions; वैद्यः (vaidyaḥ) - physician; तथा (tathā) - likewise; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अनृशंस्यवान् (anṛśaṁsyavān) - possessed of compassion; ह्रीमान् (hrīmān) - modest; ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - upright; सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - speaker of truth; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy person; पूर्वे (pūrve) - former; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three;]
(Of noble birth, performer of actions, physician, likewise and also possessed of compassion, modest, upright, speaker of truth, worthy person, former and they three.)
A person of noble birth, one who performs actions, a physician, as well as one who is compassionate, modest, upright, and truthful—these three were considered worthy persons in former times. (13-23-9)
तत्रेदं शृणु मे पार्थ चतुर्णां तेजसां मतम्। पृथिव्याः काश्यपस्याग्नेर्मार्कण्डेयस्य चैव हि ॥१३-२३-१०॥
tatredaṃ śṛṇu me pārtha caturṇāṃ tejasāṃ matam। pṛthivyāḥ kāśyapasya agneḥ mārkaṇḍeyasya ca eva hi ॥13-23-10॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; इदं (idaṃ) - this; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; मे (me) - my; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of four; तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of energies; मतम् (matam) - opinion; पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth; काश्यपस्य (kāśyapasya) - of Kāśyapa; अग्नेः (agneḥ) - of Agni; मार्कण्डेयस्य (mārkaṇḍeyasya) - of Mārkaṇḍeya; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - certainly;]
(There this hear my O Pārtha of four energies opinion; of the earth of Kāśyapa of Agni of Mārkaṇḍeya and indeed certainly.)
There, O Pārtha, hear from me the opinion regarding the four energies: those of the earth, Kāśyapa, Agni, and Mārkaṇḍeya, indeed. (13-23-10)
पृथिव्युवाच॥
pṛthivyuvāca॥
[पृथिव्य् (pṛthivy) - earth; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Earth said;)
The Earth said.
यथा महार्णवे क्षिप्तः क्षिप्रं लोष्टो विनश्यति। तथा दुश्चरितं सर्वं त्रय्यावृत्त्या विनश्यति ॥१३-२३-११॥
yathā mahārṇave kṣiptaḥ kṣipraṃ loṣṭo vinaśyati। tathā duścaritaṃ sarvaṃ trayyāvṛttyā vinaśyati ॥13-23-11॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; in the manner; as; महार्णवे (mahārṇave) - in the great ocean; क्षिप्तः (kṣiptaḥ) - thrown; cast; क्षिप्रं (kṣipraṃ) - quickly; swiftly; लोष्टः (loṣṭaḥ) - clod; lump of earth; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes; is destroyed; तथा (tathā) - so; in the same way; thus; दुश्चरितं (duścaritaṃ) - bad conduct; evil deed; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; every; त्रय्यावृत्त्या (trayyāvṛttyā) - by recitation of the Veda; by Vedic repetition; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes; is destroyed;]
(Just as in the great ocean, a clod thrown quickly perishes, so all bad conduct perishes by recitation of the Veda. (13-23-11))
Just as a clod of earth thrown into the great ocean quickly dissolves, so too all evil deeds are destroyed by the recitation of the Veda. (13-23-11)
काश्यप उवाच॥
kāśyapa uvāca॥
[काश्यप (kāśyapa) - Kashyapa; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Kashyapa said;)
Kashyapa said.
सर्वे च वेदाः सह षड्भिरङ्गैः; साङ्ख्यं पुराणं च कुले च जन्म। नैतानि सर्वाणि गतिर्भवन्ति; शीलव्यपेतस्य नरस्य राजन् ॥१३-२३-१२॥
sarve ca vedāḥ saha ṣaḍbhiraṅgaiḥ; sāṅkhyaṃ purāṇaṃ ca kule ca janma. naitāni sarvāṇi gatirbhavanti; śīlavyapetasya narasya rājan ॥13-23-12॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; च (ca) - and; वेदाः (vedāḥ) - Vedas; सह (saha) - together with; षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - with six; अङ्गैः (aṅgaiḥ) - limbs; साङ्ख्यम् (sāṅkhyam) - Sāṅkhya (philosophy); पुराणम् (purāṇam) - Purāṇa; च (ca) - and; कुले (kule) - in family; च (ca) - and; जन्म (janma) - birth; न (na) - not; एतानि (etāni) - these; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; गतिः (gatiḥ) - attainment; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; शीलव्यपेतस्य (śīlavyapetasya) - of one devoid of character; नरस्य (narasya) - of man; राजन् (rājan) - O king;]
(All and the Vedas together with six limbs, Sāṅkhya, Purāṇa and in family and birth; not these all become attainment for one devoid of character, of man, O king.)
O king, all the Vedas with their six limbs, Sāṅkhya, Purāṇa, family and birth—none of these lead to attainment for a man who is devoid of character. (13-23-12)
अग्निरुवाच॥
agniruvāca॥
[अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(fire said;)
Fire said.
अधीयानः पण्डितं मन्यमानो; यो विद्यया हन्ति यशः परेषाम्। ब्रह्मन्स तेनाचरते ब्रह्महत्यां; लोकास्तस्य ह्यन्तवन्तो भवन्ति ॥१३-२३-१३॥
adhīyānaḥ paṇḍitaṃ manyamānaḥ; yo vidyayā hanti yaśaḥ pareṣām। brahmans tenācarate brahmahatyāṃ; lokās tasya hy antavanto bhavanti ॥13-23-13॥
[अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - studying; पण्डितम् (paṇḍitam) - wise person; मन्यमानः (manyamānaḥ) - considering; यः (yaḥ) - who; विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa; तेन (tena) - by him; आचरते (ācarate) - commits; ब्रह्महत्याम् (brahmahatyām) - Brahmin-murder; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds; तस्य (tasya) - his; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्तवन्तः (antavantaḥ) - having an end; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become;]
(Studying, considering himself a wise person; who by knowledge destroys the fame of others. O Brāhmaṇa, by him is committed Brahmin-murder; the worlds of him indeed become having an end. (13-23-13))
One who, while studying and considering himself wise, uses his knowledge to destroy the reputation of others, O Brāhmaṇa, he thereby commits the sin of killing a Brāhmaṇa; for him, indeed, all worlds come to an end. (13-23-13)
मार्कण्डेय उवाच॥
mārkaṇḍeya uvāca॥
[मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Markandeya; (name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Markandeya said;)
Markandeya said.
अश्वमेधसहस्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम्। नाभिजानामि यद्यस्य सत्यस्यार्धमवाप्नुयात् ॥१३-२३-१४॥
aśvamedhasahasraṃ ca satyaṃ ca tulayā dhṛtam। nābhijānāmi yadyasya satyasyārdhamavāpnuyāt ॥13-23-14॥
[अश्वमेधसहस्रं (aśvamedhasahasram) - a thousand horse-sacrifices; च (ca) - and; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; च (ca) - and; तुलया (tulayā) - with a balance; धृतम् (dhṛtam) - held; न (na) - not; अभिजानामि (abhijānāmi) - I know; यत् (yat) - that; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth; अर्धम् (ardham) - half; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - would attain;]
(A thousand horse-sacrifices and truth, held with a balance; I do not know that in which one would attain even half of truth.)
Even if a thousand horse-sacrifices and truth were weighed in a balance, I do not know of anything by which one could attain even half the merit of truth. (13-23-14)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
इत्युक्त्वा ते जग्मुराशु चत्वारोऽमिततेजसः। पृथिवी काश्यपोऽग्निश्च प्रकृष्टायुश्च भार्गवः ॥१३-२३-१५॥
ity uktvā te jagmur āśu catvāro'mitatejasaḥ। pṛthivī kāśyapo'gniś ca prakṛṣṭāyuś ca bhārgavaḥ ॥13-23-15॥
[इति (iti) - thus; उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken; ते (te) - they; जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - went; आशु (āśu) - quickly; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - the four; अमिततेजसः (amitatejasaḥ) - of immeasurable energy; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - Pṛthivī; काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kāśyapa; अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni; च (ca) - and; प्रकृष्टायुः (prakṛṣṭāyuḥ) - of great life-span; च (ca) - and; भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - Bhārgava;]
(Thus having spoken, they went quickly, the four of immeasurable energy: Pṛthivī, Kāśyapa, Agni, and Bhārgava of great life-span.)
Having thus spoken, the four of immeasurable energy—Pṛthivī, Kāśyapa, Agni, and the long-lived Bhārgava—departed quickly. (13-23-15)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
यदिदं ब्राह्मणा लोके व्रतिनो भुञ्जते हविः। भुक्तं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथं तत्सुकृतं भवेत् ॥१३-२३-१६॥
yad idaṃ brāhmaṇā loke vratino bhuñjate haviḥ। bhuktaṃ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathaṃ tat sukṛtaṃ bhavet ॥13-23-16॥
[यत् (yat) - which; इदं (idaṃ) - this; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; लोके (loke) - in the world; व्रतिनः (vratinaḥ) - those observing vows; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - eat; हविः (haviḥ) - offering; भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - eaten; ब्राह्मणकामाय (brāhmaṇakāmāya) - for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa; कथम् (katham) - how; तत् (tat) - that; सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - meritorious; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes;]
(Which this Brāhmaṇas in the world, those observing vows, eat offering; eaten for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa, how that meritorious becomes?)
How can the offering that Brāhmaṇas observing vows eat in this world, when eaten for the sake of a Brāhmaṇa, become meritorious? (13-23-16)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
आदिष्टिनो ये राजेन्द्र ब्राह्मणा वेदपारगाः। भुञ्जते ब्रह्मकामाय व्रतलुप्ता भवन्ति ते ॥१३-२३-१७॥
ādiṣṭino ye rājendra brāhmaṇā vedapāragāḥ। bhuñjate brahmakāmāya vrataluptā bhavanti te ॥13-23-17॥
[आदिष्टिनः (ādiṣṭinaḥ) - those who have been instructed; ये (ye) - who; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; वेदपारगाः (vedapāragāḥ) - those who have mastered the Vedas; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - enjoy; ब्रह्मकामाय (brahmakāmāya) - for the sake of Brahman; व्रतलुप्ताः (vrataluptāḥ) - those who have abandoned vows; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; ते (te) - they;]
(Those Brāhmaṇas, O king, who have been instructed, who have mastered the Vedas, who enjoy for the sake of Brahman, if they have abandoned vows, they become (such).)
O king, those Brāhmaṇas who have been instructed and have mastered the Vedas, if they enjoy for the sake of Brahman but have abandoned their vows, they become such as those who have abandoned their vows. (13-23-17)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अनेकान्तं बहुद्वारं धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। किं निश्चितं भवेत्तत्र तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-२३-१८॥
anekāntaṃ bahudvāraṃ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। kiṃ niścitaṃ bhavet tatra tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-23-18॥
[अनेकान्तम् (anekāntam) - not-one-sided; बहुद्वारम् (bahudvāram) - having many doors; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise; किम् (kim) - what; निश्चितम् (niścitam) - ascertained; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; तत्र (tatra) - there; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(Not-one-sided, having many doors, dharma, they say, the wise; what ascertained would be there, that to me tell, O grandsire;)
The wise say that dharma is not one-sided and has many doors; what is certain there, tell me that, O grandsire. (13-23-18)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध आनृशंस्यं दमस्तथा। आर्जवं चैव राजेन्द्र निश्चितं धर्मलक्षणम् ॥१३-२३-१९॥
ahiṁsā satyam akrodha ānṛśaṁsyaṁ damaḥ tathā। ārjavaṁ caiva rājendra niścitaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam ॥13-23-19॥
[अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-injury; सत्य (satya) - truth; अक्रोध (akrodha) - absence of anger; आनृशंस्यं (ānṛśaṁsyaṁ) - compassion; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; तथा (tathā) - likewise; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain; धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of dharma;]
(Non-injury, truth, absence of anger, compassion, self-restraint, likewise straightforwardness and indeed, O king, certain, characteristic of dharma.)
Non-injury, truthfulness, absence of anger, compassion, self-restraint, as well as straightforwardness—these, O king, are certainly the characteristics of dharma. (13-23-19)
ये तु धर्मं प्रशंसन्तश्चरन्ति पृथिवीमिमाम्। अनाचरन्तस्तद्धर्मं सङ्करे निरताः प्रभो ॥१३-२३-२०॥
ye tu dharmaṃ praśaṃsantaś caranti pṛthivīm imām | anācarantas tad dharmaṃ saṅkare niratāḥ prabho ॥13-23-20॥
[ये (ye) - who; तु (tu) - but; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; प्रशंसन्तः (praśaṃsantaḥ) - praising; चरन्ति (caranti) - move; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth; इमाम् (imām) - this; अनाचरन्तः (anācarantaḥ) - not practicing; तत् (tat) - that; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; सङ्करे (saṅkare) - in confusion; निरताः (niratāḥ) - engaged; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord;]
(Who but duty praising move this earth, not practicing that duty, in confusion engaged, O lord.)
O lord, those who, though praising duty, move about this earth but do not practice that duty, are engaged in confusion. (13-23-20)
तेभ्यो रत्नं हिरण्यं वा गामश्वान्वा ददाति यः। दश वर्षाणि विष्ठां स भुङ्क्ते निरयमाश्रितः ॥१३-२३-२१॥
tebhyo ratnaṃ hiraṇyaṃ vā gāmaśvān vā dadāti yaḥ। daśa varṣāṇi viṣṭhāṃ sa bhuṅkte nirayam āśritaḥ ॥13-23-21॥
[तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; रत्नं (ratnam) - jewel; हिरण्यं (hiraṇyam) - gold; वा (vā) - or; गाम् (gām) - cow; अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses; वा (vā) - or; ददाति (dadāti) - gives; यः (yaḥ) - who; दश (daśa) - ten; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; विष्ठाम् (viṣṭhām) - excrement; सः (saḥ) - he; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - resorted to;]
(To them jewel gold or cow horses or gives who; ten years excrement he eats hell resorted to.)
Whoever gives to them a jewel, gold, or a cow or horses, he eats excrement for ten years, having resorted to hell. (13-23-21)
मेदानां पुल्कसानां च तथैवान्तावसायिनाम्। कृतं कर्माकृतं चापि रागमोहेन जल्पताम् ॥१३-२३-२२॥
medānāṃ pulkasānāṃ ca tathaivāntāvasāyinām। kṛtaṃ karmākṛtaṃ cāpi rāgamohena jalpatām ॥13-23-22॥
[मेदानाम् (medānām) - of the fat ones; पुल्कसानाम् (pulkasānām) - of the outcastes; च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; अन्तावसायिनाम् (antāvasāyinām) - of those dwelling at the ends (of the village); कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; कर्म (karma) - action; अकृतम् (akṛtam) - not done; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; रागमोहेन (rāgamohena) - by passion and delusion; जल्पताम् (jalpatām) - of those prattling; ॥१३-२३-२२॥ (13-23-22) - ;]
(Of the fat ones, of the outcastes, and just so of those dwelling at the ends (of the village), the action done and not done also, by passion and delusion, of those prattling.)
The actions, whether done or not, of the fat, the outcastes, and those living at the outskirts, are spoken of by those prattling under the influence of passion and delusion. (13-23-22)
वैश्वदेवं च ये मूढा विप्राय ब्रह्मचारिणे। ददतीह न राजेन्द्र ते लोकान्भुञ्जतेऽशुभान् ॥१३-२३-२३॥
vaiśvadevaṃ ca ye mūḍhā viprāya brahmacāriṇe। dadatīha na rājendra te lokānbhuñjate'śubhān ॥13-23-23॥
[वैश्वदेवं (vaiśvadevam) - relating to Viśvedevas; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; मूढा (mūḍhā) - deluded ones; विप्राय (viprāya) - to a Brāhmaṇa; ब्रह्मचारिणे (brahmacāriṇe) - to a celibate student; ददति (dadati) - give; इह (iha) - here; न (na) - not; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; ते (te) - they; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - enjoy; अशुभान् (aśubhān) - inauspicious;]
(Relating to Viśvedevas and who deluded ones to a Brāhmaṇa to a celibate student give here not O king they worlds enjoy inauspicious.)
O King, those deluded ones who do not give the Viśvadeva offering here to a Brāhmaṇa or a celibate student, they enjoy inauspicious worlds. (13-23-23)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
किं परं ब्रह्मचर्यस्य किं परं धर्मलक्षणम्। किं च श्रेष्ठतमं शौचं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-२३-२४॥
kiṁ paraṁ brahmacaryasya kiṁ paraṁ dharmalakṣaṇam। kiṁ ca śreṣṭhatamaṁ śaucaṁ tanme brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-23-24॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; परं (paraṁ) - supreme; ब्रह्मचर्यस्य (brahmacaryasya) - of brahmacarya; किं (kiṁ) - what; परं (paraṁ) - supreme; धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of dharma; किं (kiṁ) - what; च (ca) - and; श्रेष्ठतमं (śreṣṭhatamaṁ) - most excellent; शौचं (śaucaṁ) - purity; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(What is the supreme of brahmacarya, what is the supreme characteristic of dharma? What also is the most excellent purity? That to me tell, O grandsire. (13-23-24))
What is the highest form of brahmacarya, what is the supreme characteristic of dharma? What is the greatest purity? Please tell me that, O grandsire. (13-23-24)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
ब्रह्मचर्यं परं तात मधुमांसस्य वर्जनम्। मर्यादायां स्थितो धर्मः शमः शौचस्य लक्षणम् ॥१३-२३-२५॥
brahmacaryaṃ paraṃ tāta madhumāṃsasya varjanam। maryādāyāṃ sthito dharmaḥ śamaḥ śaucasya lakṣaṇam ॥13-23-25॥
[ब्रह्मचर्यं (brahmacaryaṃ) - celibacy; परं (paraṃ) - supreme; तात (tāta) - O dear one; मधुमांसस्य (madhumāṃsasya) - of honey and meat; वर्जनम् (varjanam) - abstention; मर्यादायां (maryādāyāṃ) - in restraint; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - established; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility; शौचस्य (śaucasya) - of purity; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic;]
(Celibacy is supreme, O dear one; abstention from honey and meat. Righteousness is established in restraint; tranquility is the characteristic of purity.)
O dear one, celibacy is supreme; abstaining from honey and meat. Righteousness is established in restraint, and tranquility is the mark of purity. (13-23-25)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कस्मिन्काले चरेद्धर्मं कस्मिन्कालेऽर्थमाचरेत्। कस्मिन्काले सुखी च स्यात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-२३-२६॥
kasmin kāle cared dharmaṃ kasmin kāle 'rtham ācaret। kasmin kāle sukhī ca syāt tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-23-26॥
[कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which; काले (kāle) - time; चरेत् (cared) - should practice; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which; काले (kāle) - time; अर्थम् (artham) - artha; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should pursue; कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which; काले (kāle) - time; सुखी (sukhī) - happy; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(In which time should one practice dharma, in which time should one pursue artha, in which time should one also be happy, that to me tell, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, tell me: at what time should one practice dharma, at what time should one pursue artha, and at what time should one be happy? (13-23-26)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
काल्यमर्थं निषेवेत ततो धर्ममनन्तरम्। पश्चात्कामं निषेवेत न च गच्छेत्प्रसङ्गिताम् ॥१३-२३-२७॥
kālyam arthaṃ niṣeveta tato dharmam anantaram। paścāt kāmam niṣeveta na ca gacchet prasaṅgitām ॥13-23-27॥
[काल्यम् (kālyam) - in the morning; अर्थम् (artham) - wealth; निषेवेत (niṣeveta) - should pursue; ततः (tataḥ) - then; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - afterwards; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; कामम् (kāmam) - desire; निषेवेत (niṣeveta) - should pursue; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should go; प्रसङ्गिताम् (prasaṅgitām) - to attachment;]
(In the morning, wealth should pursue; then, dharma afterwards; afterwards, desire should pursue; not and should go to attachment. (13-23-27))
One should pursue wealth in the morning, then dharma afterwards, and finally desire; but one should not become attached. (13-23-27)
ब्राह्मणांश्चाभिमन्येत गुरूंश्चाप्यभिपूजयेत्। सर्वभूतानुलोमश्च मृदुशीलः प्रियंवदः ॥१३-२३-२८॥
brāhmaṇāṁś cābhimanyeta gurūṁś cāpy abhipūjayet। sarvabhūtānulomaś ca mṛduśīlaḥ priyaṁvadaḥ ॥13-23-28॥
[ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - brāhmaṇas; (the learned or priestly class); च (ca) - and; अभिमन्येत (abhimanyeta) - should honor; (should respect); गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers; (spiritual preceptors); च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अभिपूजयेत् (abhipūjayet) - should worship; (should deeply honor); सर्वभूतानुलोमः (sarvabhūtānulomaḥ) - in harmony with all beings; च (ca) - and; मृदुशीलः (mṛduśīlaḥ) - gentle in nature; प्रियंवदः (priyaṁvadaḥ) - speaking pleasantly;]
(Brāhmaṇas and should honor, teachers and also should worship; in harmony with all beings and gentle in nature, speaking pleasantly.)
He should honor brāhmaṇas and worship teachers; be in harmony with all beings, gentle in nature, and speak pleasantly. (13-23-28)
अधिकारे यदनृतं राजगामि च पैशुनम्। गुरोश्चालीककरणं समं तद्ब्रह्महत्यया ॥१३-२३-२९॥
adhikāre yadanṛtaṃ rājagāmi ca paiśunam। guroścālīkakaraṇaṃ samaṃ tadbrahmahatyayā ॥13-23-29॥
[अधिकारे (adhikāre) - in authority; यत् (yat) - which; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; राजगामि (rājagāmi) - going to the king; च (ca) - and; पैशुनम् (paiśunam) - slander; गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher; च (ca) - and; अलीककरणम् (alīkakaraṇam) - making false; समम् (samam) - equal; तत् (tat) - that; ब्रह्महत्यया (brahmahatyayā) - with the killing of a Brāhmaṇa;]
(In authority, which is falsehood, going to the king and slander, of the teacher and making false, equal that with the killing of a Brāhmaṇa.)
Falsehood in authority, slander brought to the king, and making false accusations against the teacher are all considered equal to the killing of a Brāhmaṇa. (13-23-29)
प्रहरेन्न नरेन्द्रेषु न गां हन्यात्तथैव च। भ्रूणहत्यासमं चैतदुभयं यो निषेवते ॥१३-२३-३०॥
praharen na nareṃdreṣu na gāṃ hanyāttathaiva ca। bhrūṇahatyāsamaṃ caitadubhayaṃ yo niṣevate ॥13-23-30॥
[प्रहरेत् (praharet) - should strike; (from pra-hṛ, to strike) न (na) - not; नरेन्द्रेषु (nareṃdreṣu) - among kings; न (na) - not; गाम् (gām) - cow; हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill; (from han, to kill) तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; भ्रूणहत्यासमम् (bhrūṇahatyāsamam) - equal to killing an embryo; च (ca) - and; एतत् (etat) - this; उभयम् (ubhayam) - both; यः (yaḥ) - who; निषेवते (niṣevate) - practices; (from ni-√sev, to practice);]
(Should not strike among kings, nor should kill a cow, likewise; and both of these, this, is equal to killing an embryo; and who practices (them).)
One should not strike among kings, nor kill a cow; likewise, both of these acts are considered equal to killing an embryo, and whoever practices either of them (incurs the same sin). (13-23-30)
नाग्निं परित्यजेज्जातु न च वेदान्परित्यजेत्। न च ब्राह्मणमाक्रोशेत्समं तद्ब्रह्महत्यया ॥१३-२३-३१॥
nāgniṃ parityajejjātu na ca vedān parityajet। na ca brāhmaṇam ākrośet samaṃ tad brahmahatyayā ॥13-23-31॥
[न (na) - not; अग्निं (agniṃ) - fire; परित्यजेत् (parityajet) - should abandon; जातु (jātu) - ever; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas; परित्यजेत् (parityajet) - should abandon; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brāhmaṇa; आक्रोशेत् (ākrośet) - should abuse; समम् (samam) - equal; तत् (tad) - that; ब्रह्महत्यया (brahmahatyayā) - with the killing of a Brāhmaṇa;]
(One should never abandon fire; nor should one abandon the Vedas; nor should one abuse a Brāhmaṇa; that is equal to the killing of a Brāhmaṇa.)
One must never abandon fire or the Vedas, nor should one ever abuse a Brāhmaṇa; such abuse is considered equal to the sin of killing a Brāhmaṇa. (13-23-31)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कीदृशाः साधवो विप्राः केभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्। कीदृशानां च भोक्तव्यं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-२३-३२॥
kīdṛśāḥ sādhavo viprāḥ kebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam। kīdṛśānāṃ ca bhoktavyaṃ tanme brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-23-32॥
[कीदृशाः (kīdṛśāḥ) - of what kind; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous ones; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; केभ्यः (kebhyaḥ) - to whom; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit; कीदृशानाम् (kīdṛśānām) - of what kind (people); च (ca) - and; भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - should be enjoyed; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(Of what kind are the virtuous Brāhmaṇas, to whom what is given yields great fruit? Of what kind (people) should be enjoyed? That, to me, tell, O grandsire.)
What kind of virtuous Brāhmaṇas, when given gifts, yield great results? Of what kind of people should gifts be accepted? Please tell me that, O grandsire. (13-23-32)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
अक्रोधना धर्मपराः सत्यनित्या दमे रताः। तादृशाः साधवो विप्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२३-३३॥
akrodhanā dharmaparāḥ satyanityā dame ratāḥ। tādṛśāḥ sādhavo viprāstebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-23-33॥
[अक्रोधना (akrodhanā) - not-angered; without anger; धर्मपराः (dharmaparāḥ) - devoted to dharma; intent on righteousness; सत्यनित्या (satyanityā) - always truthful; constant in truth; दमे (dame) - in self-restraint; in control; रताः (ratāḥ) - engaged; devoted; तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such as these; of this kind; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous; good; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; sages; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; unto those; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; offered; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit; great result;]
(Not-angered, devoted to dharma, always truthful, engaged in self-restraint; such virtuous Brāhmaṇas, to them, what is given yields great fruit.)
Gifts offered to Brāhmaṇas who are free from anger, devoted to righteousness, always truthful, and engaged in self-restraint, yield great results. (13-23-33)
अमानिनः सर्वसहा दृष्टार्था विजितेन्द्रियाः। सर्वभूतहिता मैत्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२३-३४॥
amāninaḥ sarvasahā dṛṣṭārthā vijitendriyāḥ। sarvabhūtahitā maitrāstebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-23-34॥
[अमानिनः (amāninaḥ) - not-proud; सर्वसहा (sarvasahā) - all-enduring; दृष्टार्था (dṛṣṭārthā) - those whose aim is seen; विजितेन्द्रियाः (vijitendriyāḥ) - who have conquered the senses; सर्वभूतहिता (sarvabhūtahitā) - well-wishers of all beings; मैत्राः (maitrāḥ) - friendly; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]
(Not-proud, all-enduring, those whose aim is seen, who have conquered the senses, well-wishers of all beings, friendly—to them, what is given (is) great fruit.)
Gifts offered to those who are not proud, who endure all, whose aims are clear, who have conquered their senses, who are well-wishers of all beings and friendly, yield great results. (13-23-34)
अलुब्धाः शुचयो वैद्या ह्रीमन्तः सत्यवादिनः। स्वकर्मनिरता ये च तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२३-३५॥
alubdhāḥ śucayo vaidyā hrīmantāḥ satyavādinaḥ। svakarmaniratā ye ca tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-23-35॥
[अलुब्धाः (alubdhāḥ) - not greedy; शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure; वैद्या (vaidyā) - learned; ह्रीमन्तः (hrīmantāḥ) - modest; सत्यवादिनः (satyavādinaḥ) - truth-speakers; स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - engaged in their own duties; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]
(Not greedy, pure, learned, modest, truth-speakers, engaged in their own duties, who and to them given great fruit.)
Great merit results from gifts given to those who are not greedy, pure, learned, modest, truthful, and devoted to their own duties. (13-23-35)
साङ्गांश्च चतुरो वेदान्योऽधीयीत द्विजर्षभः। षड्भ्यो निवृत्तः कर्मभ्यस्तं पात्रमृषयो विदुः ॥१३-२३-३६॥
sāṅgāṃś ca caturo vedān yo'dhīyīta dvijarṣabhaḥ। ṣaḍbhyo nivṛttaḥ karmabhyas taṃ pātram ṛṣayo viduḥ॥13-23-36॥
[साङ्गान् (sāṅgān) - with limbs (auxiliary sciences); च (ca) - and; चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four; वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas; यः (yaḥ) - who; अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study; द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - the best among twice-born (brāhmaṇa); षड्भ्यः (ṣaḍbhyaḥ) - from six; निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - withdrawn; कर्मभ्यः (karmabhyaḥ) - from actions; तम् (tam) - him; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]
(And the best among twice-born who should study the four Vedas with limbs (auxiliary sciences), withdrawn from six actions, him the sages know as a worthy recipient.)
The sages recognize as a worthy recipient that foremost among the twice-born who has studied the four Vedas along with their auxiliary sciences and has withdrawn from the six prescribed actions. (13-23-36)
ये त्वेवङ्गुणजातीयास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्। सहस्रगुणमाप्नोति गुणार्हाय प्रदायकः ॥१३-२३-३७॥
ye tvevaṅ-guṇa-jātīyās tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam। sahasra-guṇam āpnoti guṇārhāya pradāyakaḥ ॥13-23-37॥
[ये (ye) - who; (those) which; तु (tu) - but; however; एवम् (evam) - thus; in this way; गुणजातीयाः (guṇa-jātīyāḥ) - of the same class of qualities; belonging to the same category of virtues; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to those; unto them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; bestowed; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit; great result; सहस्रगुणम् (sahasra-guṇam) - a thousandfold; thousand times; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; attains; गुणार्हाय (guṇārhāya) - to the one worthy of virtue; to the deserving of qualities; प्रदायकः (pradāyakaḥ) - the giver; the donor;]
(Who, but thus of the same class of qualities, to those given great fruit; a thousandfold obtains, to the one worthy of virtue, the giver.)
But whoever gives to those of similar qualities as themselves, bestows great fruit; the giver attains a thousandfold reward by giving to one worthy of virtue. (13-23-37)
प्रज्ञाश्रुताभ्यां वृत्तेन शीलेन च समन्वितः। तारयेत कुलं कृत्स्नमेकोऽपीह द्विजर्षभः ॥१३-२३-३८॥
prajñāśrutābhyāṃ vṛttena śīlena ca samanvitaḥ। tārayet kulaṃ kṛtsnameko'piha dvijarṣabhaḥ ॥13-23-38॥
[प्रज्ञा (prajñā) - wisdom; श्रुताभ्यां (śrutābhyām) - and by learning (from the Veda); वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct; शीलेन (śīlena) - by character; च (ca) - and; समन्वितः (samanvitaḥ) - endowed; तारयेत् (tārayet) - may cause to cross over; कुलं (kulaṃ) - family; कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; अपि (api) - even; इह (iha) - here; द्विजर्षभः (dvijarṣabhaḥ) - the best among twice-born (Brāhmaṇa);]
(Endowed with wisdom, learning, conduct, and character, even one best among twice-born here may cause the entire family to cross over.)
A Brāhmaṇa who is endowed with wisdom, learning, good conduct, and character, even if he is alone, can uplift his entire family here. (13-23-38)
गामश्वं वित्तमन्नं वा तद्विधे प्रतिपादयेत्। द्रव्याणि चान्यानि तथा प्रेत्यभावे न शोचति ॥१३-२३-३९॥
gāmaśvaṃ vittamannaṃ vā tadvidhe pratipādayet। dravyāṇi cānyāni tathā pretyabhāve na śocati ॥13-23-39॥
[गाम् (gām) - cow; (accusative singular); अश्वम् (aśvam) - horse; (accusative singular); वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth; (accusative singular); अन्नम् (annam) - food; (accusative singular); वा (vā) - or; तद्विधे (tadvidhe) - to one of that kind; (dative singular); प्रतिपादयेत् (pratipādayet) - should cause to be given; (causative, optative, 3rd person singular); द्रव्याणि (dravyāṇi) - objects; (accusative plural); च (ca) - and; अन्यानि (anyāni) - other; (accusative plural); तथा (tathā) - likewise; प्रेत्यभावे (pretyabhāve) - in the absence after death; न (na) - not; शोचति (śocati) - grieves; (3rd person singular);]
(Cow, horse, wealth, food, or to one of that kind should cause to be given; objects and other likewise; in the absence after death not grieves.)
One should cause a cow, horse, wealth, food, or similar things to be given to such a person; likewise, other objects as well. In the absence after death, he does not grieve. (13-23-39)
तारयेत कुलं कृत्स्नमेकोऽपीह द्विजोत्तमः। किमङ्ग पुनरेकं वै तस्मात्पात्रं समाचरेत् ॥१३-२३-४०॥
tārayet kulaṃ kṛtsnam eko'piha dvijottamaḥ। kimaṅga punar ekaṃ vai tasmāt pātraṃ samācaret ॥13-23-40॥
[तारयेत् (tārayet) - should cause to cross over; कुलम् (kulam) - family; कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; अपि (api) - even; इह (iha) - here; द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - best among twice-born; किम् (kim) - what; अङ्ग (aṅga) - indeed; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; एकम् (ekam) - one; वै (vai) - indeed; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy person; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should perform;]
(Should cause to cross over the entire family even one here best among twice-born; what indeed again one indeed therefore worthy person should perform; (13-23-40))
Even a single best among the twice-born here can deliver his entire family; what to speak then of one who is truly worthy—therefore, one should act for the sake of a worthy person. (13-23-40)
निशम्य च गुणोपेतं ब्राह्मणं साधुसंमतम्। दूरादानाययेत्कृत्ये सर्वतश्चाभिपूजयेत् ॥१३-२३-४१॥
niśamya ca guṇopetaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sādhu-saṃmatam। dūrād ānāyayet kṛtye sarvataś ca abhipūjayet ॥13-23-41॥
[निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard; च (ca) - and; गुणोपेतं (guṇopetam) - endowed with virtues; ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; साधुसंमतम् (sādhu-saṃmatam) - approved by the good; दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar; आनाययेत् (ānāyayet) - should bring; कृत्ये (kṛtye) - for the task; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides; च (ca) - and; अभिपूजयेत् (abhipūjayet) - should honor;]
(Having heard and (of) a brāhmaṇa endowed with virtues, approved by the good, from afar one should bring (him) for the task, and from all sides should honor (him).)
Upon hearing of a brāhmaṇa who is endowed with virtues and approved by the good, one should bring him from afar for the task and honor him in every way. (13-23-41)
