13.024

दैवपित्र्यदानफलम्

daivapitryadānaphalam

[दैव (daiva) - divine; godly; पित्र्य (pitrya) - ancestral; relating to the fathers; दान (dāna) - gift; donation; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; result;]

(daiva - divine; pitrya - ancestral; dāna - gift; phalam - fruit;)

The result of gifts given to the gods and ancestors.

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

श्राद्धकाले च दैवे च धर्मे चापि पितामह। इच्छामीह त्वयाख्यातं विहितं यत्सुरर्षिभिः ॥१३-२४-१॥

śrāddhakāle ca daive ca dharme cāpi pitāmaha। icchāmīha tvayākhyātaṃ vihitaṃ yatsurarṣibhiḥ ॥13-24-1॥

[श्राद्धकाले (śrāddhakāle) - at the time of śrāddha; च (ca) - and; दैवे (daive) - in divine (rites); च (ca) - and; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; इह (iha) - here; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - declared; विहितम् (vihitam) - enjoined; यत् (yat) - which; सुरर्षिभिः (surarṣibhiḥ) - by the divine sages;]

(At the time of śrāddha and in divine (rites) and in dharma and also, O grandsire, I desire here that which has been declared by you, enjoined, which by the divine sages.)

O grandsire, I wish to hear from you here what has been declared and enjoined by the divine sages regarding śrāddha, divine rites, and dharma. (13-24-1)

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bhishma said;)

Bhishma said.

दैवं पूर्वाह्णिके कुर्यादपराह्णे तु पैतृकम्। मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नः कृतशौचः प्रयत्नवान् ॥१३-२४-२॥

daivaṃ pūrvāhṇike kuryād aparāhṇe tu paitṛkam। maṅgalācārasampannaḥ kṛtaśaucaḥ prayatnavān ॥13-24-2॥

[दैवं (daivam) - divine rite; पूर्वाह्णिके (pūrvāhṇike) - in the forenoon; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should perform; अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon; तु (tu) - but; पैतृकम् (paitṛkam) - ancestral rite; मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नः (maṅgalācārasampannaḥ) - endowed with auspicious conduct; कृतशौचः (kṛtaśaucaḥ) - having performed purification; प्रयत्नवान् (prayatnavān) - being diligent;]

(Divine rite in the forenoon should be performed, in the afternoon but the ancestral rite; endowed with auspicious conduct, having performed purification, being diligent. (13-24-2))

One should perform the divine rites in the forenoon and the ancestral rites in the afternoon, being endowed with auspicious conduct, having performed purification, and acting diligently. (13-24-2)

मनुष्याणां तु मध्याह्ने प्रदद्यादुपपत्तितः। कालहीनं तु यद्दानं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-३॥

manuṣyāṇāṃ tu madhyāhne pradadyād upapattitaḥ। kālahīnaṃ tu yad dānaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-3॥

[मनुष्याणां (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; तु (tu) - but; मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at midday; प्रदद्यात् (pradadyāt) - should give; उपपत्तितः (upapattitaḥ) - according to propriety; कालहीनं (kālahīnam) - devoid of proper time; तु (tu) - but; यत् (yat) - which; दानं (dānam) - gift; तम् (tam) - that; भागं (bhāgam) - portion; रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Of men but at midday should give according to propriety; devoid of proper time but which gift that portion of the demons they know.)

But among men, one should give at midday according to propriety; a gift given at an improper time, they know that portion as belonging to the demons. (13-24-3)

लङ्घितं चावलीढं च कलिपूर्वं च यत्कृतम्। रजस्वलाभिर्दृष्टं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-४॥

laṅghitaṃ cāvalīḍhaṃ ca kalipūrvaṃ ca yatkṛtam। rajasvalābhirdṛṣṭaṃ ca taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-4॥

[लङ्घितं (laṅghitam) - crossed; च (ca) - and; अवलीढं (avalīḍham) - eaten; च (ca) - and; कलिपूर्वं (kalipūrvam) - touched by impurity before; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; रजस्वलाभिः (rajasvalābhiḥ) - by menstruating women; दृष्टं (dṛṣṭam) - seen; च (ca) - and; तं (tam) - that; भागं (bhāgam) - portion; रक्षसां (rakṣasām) - of the rakṣasas (demons); विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Crossed and eaten and touched by impurity before and which is done, seen by menstruating women and that portion of the rakṣasas they know.)

They know that portion which has been crossed, eaten, previously touched by impurity, done, or seen by menstruating women, as belonging to the rakṣasas (demons). (13-24-4)

अवघुष्टं च यद्भुक्तमव्रतेन च भारत। परामृष्टं शुना चैव तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-५॥

avaghūṣṭaṃ ca yadbhuktamavratena ca bhārata। parāmṛṣṭaṃ śunā caiva taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-5॥

[अवघुष्टम् (avaghūṣṭam) - touched; (by mouth or tongue); च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - eaten; अव्रतेन (avratena) - by one without vow; (by an impure person); च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; परामृष्टम् (parāmṛṣṭam) - touched; (handled); शुना (śunā) - by a dog; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तम् (tam) - that; भागम् (bhāgam) - portion; रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas; (demons); विदुः (viduḥ) - they know; (consider as);]

(Touched and which is eaten by one without vow and, O Bhārata, touched by a dog and indeed that portion they know as of the Rākṣasas.)

O Bhārata, whatever has been touched or eaten by an impure person, or touched by a dog, that portion is considered to belong to the Rākṣasas. (13-24-5)

केशकीटावपतितं क्षुतं श्वभिरवेक्षितम्। रुदितं चावधूतं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-६॥

keśakīṭāvatitaṃ kṣutaṃ śvabhiravekṣitam। ruditaṃ cāvadhūtaṃ ca taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-6॥

[केश (keśa) - hair; कीट (kīṭa) - insect; आवपतितं (āpatitaṃ) - fallen upon; क्षुतं (kṣutam) - pecked; श्वभिः (śvabhiḥ) - by dogs; अवेक्षितम् (avekṣitam) - looked at; रुदितं (ruditaṃ) - cried over; च (ca) - and; अवधूतं (avadhūtaṃ) - rejected; च (ca) - and; तं (tam) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; रक्षसां (rakṣasāṃ) - of the demons; विदुः (viduḥ) - they knew;]

(Hair, insect, fallen upon, pecked, by dogs, looked at, cried over, and rejected, and that portion of the demons they knew.)

They knew that portion which had hair, was fallen upon by insects, pecked, looked at by dogs, cried over, and rejected, as belonging to the demons. (13-24-6)

निरोङ्कारेण यद्भुक्तं सशस्त्रेण च भारत। दुरात्मना च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-७॥

niroṅkāreṇa yadbhuktaṃ saśastreṇa ca bhārata। durātmanā ca yadbhuktaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-7॥

[निरोङ्कारेण (niroṅkāreṇa) - without omkāra; by means of; यत् (yat) - which; भुक्तं (bhuktaṃ) - enjoyed; consumed; सशस्त्रेण (saśastreṇa) - with weapon; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by evil-minded; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; भुक्तं (bhuktaṃ) - enjoyed; consumed; तम् (tam) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; share; रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Without omkāra, which is enjoyed with weapon and, O Bhārata, by the evil-minded and which is enjoyed, that portion the rākṣasas know.)

O Bhārata, whatever is consumed without omkāra, with weapons, or by the evil-minded, that portion is known to belong to the rākṣasas. (13-24-7)

परोच्छिष्टं च यद्भुक्तं परिभुक्तं च यद्भवेत्। दैवे पित्र्ये च सततं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-८॥

parocchiṣṭaṃ ca yadbhuktaṃ paribhuktaṃ ca yadbhavet। daive pitrye ca satataṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-8॥

[परोच्छिष्टं (parocchiṣṭam) - eaten by another; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; भुक्तं (bhuktam) - has been eaten; परिभुक्तं (paribhuktam) - consumed; च (ca) - and; यद् (yad) - which; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; दैवे (daive) - in the divine (rite); पित्र्ये (pitrye) - in the ancestral (rite); च (ca) - and; सततं (satataṃ) - always; तं (taṃ) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; रक्षसां (rakṣasāṃ) - of the Rākṣasas; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Eaten by another and which has been eaten, consumed and which may be, in the divine (rite), in the ancestral (rite) and always, that portion of the Rākṣasas they know.)

Whatever has been eaten by another, or consumed, or may be so, in divine or ancestral rites, that portion is always known to be of the Rākṣasas. (13-24-8)

गर्हितं निन्दितं चैव परिविष्टं समन्युना। दैवं वाप्यथ वा पैत्र्यं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-९॥

garhitaṃ ninditaṃ caiva pariviṣṭaṃ samanyunā। daivaṃ vāpyatha vā paitryaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-9॥

[गर्हितं (garhitaṃ) - censured; निन्दितं (ninditaṃ) - blamed; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परिविष्टं (pariviṣṭaṃ) - surrounded; समन्युना (samanyunā) - with anger; दैवं (daivaṃ) - divine; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; पैत्र्यं (paitryaṃ) - ancestral; तम् (tam) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Censured, blamed, and indeed surrounded with anger, whether divine or also or ancestral, that portion the Rākṣasas know.)

The Rākṣasas know that portion which is censured, blamed, and surrounded with anger, whether it is divine or ancestral. (13-24-9)

मन्त्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं यच्छ्राद्धं परिविष्यते। त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्नरश्रेष्ठ तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-१०॥

mantrahīnaṃ kriyāhīnaṃ yacchrāddhaṃ pariviṣyate। tribhirvarṇairnaraśreṣṭha taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ॥13-24-10॥

[मन्त्रहीनं (mantrahīnaṃ) - devoid of mantra; क्रियाहीनं (kriyāhīnaṃ) - devoid of ritual action; यत् (yat) - which; श्राद्धं (śrāddhaṃ) - śrāddha ceremony; परिविष्यते (pariviṣyate) - is served; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; वर्णैः (varṇaiḥ) - castes; नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men; तं (taṃ) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; रक्षसां (rakṣasāṃ) - of the rākṣasas (demons); विदुः (viduḥ) - know;]

(The śrāddha ceremony which is devoid of mantra, devoid of ritual action, which is served by three castes, O best of men, that portion the rākṣasas know.)

O best of men, the śrāddha ceremony which is performed without mantras and without proper ritual, and which is served by the three castes, is known to be the share of the rākṣasas (demons). (13-24-10)

आज्याहुतिं विना चैव यत्किञ्चित्परिविष्यते। दुराचारैश्च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-११॥

ājyāhutiṃ vinā caiva yatkiñcit pariviṣyate। durācāraiś ca yad bhuktaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ ॥13-24-11॥

[आज्याहुतिं (ājyāhutiṃ) - offering of clarified butter; विना (vinā) - without; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यत् (yat) - whatever; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; परिविष्यते (pariviṣyate) - is served; दुराचारैः (durācāraiḥ) - by those of bad conduct; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - whatever; भुक्तं (bhuktaṃ) - is eaten; तं (taṃ) - that; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - portion; रक्षसां (rakṣasāṃ) - of the demons; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]

(Without the offering of clarified butter, and indeed whatever is served, and whatever is eaten by those of bad conduct, that portion they know as of the demons. (13-24-11))

Whatever is served without the offering of clarified butter, and whatever is eaten by those of bad conduct, that portion is known to belong to the demons. (13-24-11)

ये भागा रक्षसां प्रोक्तास्त उक्ता भरतर्षभ। अत ऊर्ध्वं विसर्गस्य परीक्षां ब्राह्मणे शृणु ॥१३-२४-१२॥

ye bhāgā rakṣasāṃ proktāsta uktā bharatarṣabha। ata ūrdhvaṃ visargasya parīkṣāṃ brāhmaṇe śṛṇu ॥13-24-12॥

[ये (ye) - which; (plural); भागा (bhāgā) - shares; portions; रक्षसां (rakṣasāṃ) - of the rākṣasas; of the demons; प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - declared; stated; ते (te) - those; उक्ता (uktā) - said; spoken; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; O best of the Bharatas; अतः (ataḥ) - from this; after this; ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṃ) - above; further; afterwards; विसर्गस्य (visargasya) - of the offering; of the oblation; परीक्षां (parīkṣāṃ) - examination; inquiry; ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - in the Brāhmaṇa; in the priest; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; listen;]

(Which shares of the rākṣasas have been declared, those have been said, O bull among the Bharatas; after this, hear the examination of the offering in the Brāhmaṇa.)

O best of the Bharatas, those shares of the rākṣasas that have been declared have been stated; now, listen to the examination of the offering in the Brāhmaṇa. (13-24-12)

यावन्तः पतिता विप्रा जडोन्मत्तास्तथैव च। दैवे वाप्यथ वा पित्र्ये राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१३॥

yāvantaḥ patitā viprā jaḍonmattāstathaiva ca। daive vāpyatha vā pitrye rājannārhanti ketanam ॥13-24-13॥

[यावन्तः (yāvantaḥ) - as many as; पतिता (patitā) - fallen; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; जडोन्मत्ताः (jaḍonmattāḥ) - dull and insane; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; दैवे (daive) - in divine (rites); वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; पित्र्ये (pitrye) - in ancestral (rites); राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - banner (of honor);]

(As many fallen Brāhmaṇas, dull and insane likewise and; in divine or even or in ancestral (rites), O king, are not worthy of the banner (of honor).)

O king, as many Brāhmaṇas as are fallen, dull, or insane, likewise, whether in divine or ancestral rites, are not worthy of the banner of honor. (13-24-13)

श्वित्री कुष्ठी च क्लीबश्च तथा यक्ष्महतश्च यः। अपस्मारी च यश्चान्धो राजन्नार्हन्ति सत्कृतिम् ॥१३-२४-१४॥

śvitrī kuṣṭhī ca klībaś ca tathā yakṣma-hataś ca yaḥ। apasmārī ca yaś cāndho rājan nārhanti satkṛtim ॥13-24-14॥

[श्वित्री (śvitrī) - one afflicted with leucoderma; कुष्ठी (kuṣṭhī) - one afflicted with leprosy; च (ca) - and; क्लीबः (klībaḥ) - impotent man; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; यक्ष्महतः (yakṣma-hataḥ) - one afflicted with consumption; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; अपस्मारी (apasmārī) - one afflicted with epilepsy; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind person; राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; सत्कृतिम् (satkṛtim) - honour;]

(One afflicted with leucoderma, one afflicted with leprosy, and an impotent man, likewise one afflicted with consumption, and who is afflicted with epilepsy, and who is blind, O king, are not worthy of honour.)

O king, those who are afflicted with leucoderma, leprosy, impotence, consumption, epilepsy, or blindness are not worthy of honour. (13-24-14)

चिकित्सका देवलका वृथानियमधारिणः। सोमविक्रयिणश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१५॥

cikitsakā devalakā vṛthāniyamadhāriṇaḥ। somavikrayiṇaścaiva śrāddhe nārhanti ketanam ॥13-24-15॥

[चिकित्सका (cikitsakāḥ) - physicians; देवलका (devalakāḥ) - temple-attendants; वृथानियमधारिणः (vṛthā-niyama-dhāriṇaḥ) - vain-observance-holders; सोमविक्रयिणः (soma-vikrayiṇaḥ) - soma-sellers; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in śrāddha; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - participation;]

(Physicians, temple-attendants, vain-observance-holders, soma-sellers and indeed, are not worthy of participation in śrāddha.)

Physicians, temple-attendants, those who observe vows in vain, and sellers of soma are not fit to participate in a śrāddha ceremony. (13-24-15)

गायना नर्तकाश्चैव प्लवका वादकास्तथा। कथका योधकाश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१६॥

gāyanā nartakāścaiva plavakā vādakāstathā. kathakā yodhakāścaiva rājann arhanti ketanam ॥13-24-16॥

[गायना (gāyanā) - singers; नर्तकाः (nartakāḥ) - dancers; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्लवकाः (plavakāḥ) - acrobats; वादकाः (vādakāḥ) - musicians; तथा (tathā) - also; कथकाः (kathakāḥ) - storytellers; योधकाः (yodhakāḥ) - fighters; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; राजन् (rājan) - O king; नार्हन्ति (nārhanti) - are not worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - banner;]

(Singers, dancers and indeed acrobats, musicians also, storytellers, fighters and indeed, O king, are not worthy of the banner.)

O king, singers, dancers, acrobats, musicians, storytellers, and fighters are not worthy of the banner. (13-24-16)

होतारो वृषलानां च वृषलाध्यापकास्तथा। तथा वृषलशिष्याश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१७॥

hotāro vṛṣalānāṃ ca vṛṣalādhyāpakāstathā। tathā vṛṣalaśiṣyāśca rājann arhanti ketanam ॥13-24-17॥

[होतारः (hotāraḥ) - priests; वृषलानाम् (vṛṣalānām) - of śūdras; च (ca) - and; वृषल-अध्यापकाः (vṛṣala-adhyāpakāḥ) - teachers of śūdras; तथा (tathā) - also; तथा (tathā) - also; वृषल-शिष्याः (vṛṣala-śiṣyāḥ) - students of śūdras; च (ca) - and; राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - banner;]

(Priests of śūdras and teachers of śūdras also, also students of śūdras and, O king, are not worthy of the banner.)

O king, priests of śūdras, teachers of śūdras, and students of śūdras are not worthy of the banner. (13-24-17)

अनुयोक्ता च यो विप्रो अनुयुक्तश्च भारत। नार्हतस्तावपि श्राद्धं ब्रह्मविक्रयिणौ हि तौ ॥१३-२४-१८॥

anuyoktā ca yo vipro anuyuktaśca bhārata। nārhatastāvapi śrāddhaṃ brahmavikrayiṇau hi tau ॥13-24-18॥

[अनुयोक्ता (anuyoktā) - one who appoints; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; अनुयुक्तः (anuyuktaḥ) - one who is appointed; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; न (na) - not; अर्हतः (arhataḥ) - are worthy; तौ (tau) - those two; अपि (api) - even; श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha; ब्रह्मविक्रयिणौ (brahmavikrayiṇau) - sellers of the Veda; हि (hi) - indeed; तौ (tau) - those two;]

(One who appoints and the brāhmaṇa who is appointed, O Bhārata, those two are not worthy even for śrāddha; indeed, those two are sellers of the Veda. (13-24-18))

O Bhārata, both the one who appoints and the brāhmaṇa who is appointed are not worthy even for śrāddha; indeed, those two are sellers of the Veda. (13-24-18)

अग्रणीर्यः कृतः पूर्वं वर्णावरपरिग्रहः। ब्राह्मणः सर्वविद्योऽपि राजन्नार्हति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१९॥

agraṇīryaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvaṃ varṇāvaraparigrahaḥ। brāhmaṇaḥ sarvavidyo'pi rājannārhati ketanam ॥13-24-19॥

[अग्रणीः (agraṇīḥ) - leader; यः (yaḥ) - who; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made; पूर्वं (pūrvaṃ) - before; वर्ण (varṇa) - class; अवर (avara) - lower; परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - association; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; सर्वविद्यः (sarvavidyaḥ) - all-knowing; अपि (api) - even; राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves; केतनम् (ketanam) - banner;]

(Leader who was made before, association with lower class; brāhmaṇa all-knowing even, O king, does not deserve banner.)

O king, even a brāhmaṇa who is all-knowing, if he has previously associated with a lower class, does not deserve the banner. (13-24-19)

अनग्नयश्च ये विप्रा मृतनिर्यातकाश्च ये। स्तेनाश्च पतिताश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२०॥

anagnayaś ca ye viprā mṛtaniryātakāś ca ye| stenāś ca patitāś caiva rājann arhanti ketanam ॥13-24-20॥

[अनग्नयः (anagnayaḥ) - those without fire; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; मृतनिर्यातकाः (mṛtaniryātakāḥ) - those who have carried out the dead; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; स्तेनाः (stenāḥ) - thieves; च (ca) - and; पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen ones; चैव (ca eva) - and also; राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - dwelling;]

(Those Brāhmaṇas who are without fire, and those who have carried out the dead, and thieves, and fallen ones also, O king, are not worthy of a dwelling.)

O king, those Brāhmaṇas who are without fire, those who have carried out the dead, as well as thieves and fallen ones, are not worthy of a dwelling. (13-24-20)

अपरिज्ञातपूर्वाश्च गणपूर्वाश्च भारत। पुत्रिकापूर्वपुत्राश्च श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२१॥

aparijñātapūrvāś ca gaṇapūrvāś ca bhārata। putrikāpūrvaputrāś ca śrāddhe nārhanti ketanam ॥13-24-21॥

[अपरिज्ञातपूर्वाः (aparijñātapūrvāḥ) - those whose ancestors are not known; च (ca) - and; गणपूर्वाः (gaṇapūrvāḥ) - those whose origin is from a group; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; पुत्रिका (putrikā) - daughter; पूर्व (pūrva) - previous; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; च (ca) - and; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - offering;]

(Those whose ancestors are not known and those whose origin is from a group and O Bhārata, sons born of a daughter and previous sons also, in the śrāddha, are not worthy of offering.)

O Bhārata, those whose ancestors are unknown, those descended from groups, and sons born of a daughter or previous sons, are not eligible to offer śrāddha offerings. (13-24-21)

ऋणकर्ता च यो राजन्यश्च वार्धुषिको द्विजः। प्राणिविक्रयवृत्तिश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२२॥

ṛṇakartā ca yo rājanyaś ca vārdhuṣiko dvijaḥ। prāṇivikrayavṛttiś ca rājan nārhanti ketanam ॥13-24-22॥

[ऋणकर्ता (ṛṇakartā) - one who makes debts; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a kṣatriya; च (ca) - and; वार्धुषिकः (vārdhuṣikaḥ) - usurer; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa; प्राणिविक्रयवृत्तिः (prāṇivikrayavṛttiḥ) - one whose livelihood is selling living beings; च (ca) - and; राजन् (rājan) - O king; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - banner (of sacrifice);]

(One who makes debts and who is a kṣatriya and a usurer brāhmaṇa, one whose livelihood is selling living beings, and O king, do not deserve the banner (of sacrifice).)

O king, a debtor, a kṣatriya, a brāhmaṇa who is a usurer, and one whose livelihood is selling living beings, are not worthy of the sacrificial banner. (13-24-22)

स्त्रीपूर्वाः काण्डपृष्ठाश्च यावन्तो भरतर्षभ। अजपा ब्राह्मणाश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२३॥

strīpūrvāḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhāś ca yāvanto bharatarṣabha। ajapā brāhmaṇāś caiva śrāddhe nārhanti ketanam ॥13-24-23॥

[स्त्रीपूर्वाः (strīpūrvāḥ) - those preceded by women; काण्डपृष्ठाः (kāṇḍapṛṣṭhāḥ) - those with stalks as backs; च (ca) - and; यावन्तः (yāvantaḥ) - as many as; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; अजपाः (ajapāḥ) - she-goats; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha; न (na) - not; अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - are worthy; केतनम् (ketanam) - acceptance;]

(Those preceded by women, those with stalks as backs, and as many as there are, O best of the Bharatas, she-goats and Brāhmaṇas indeed, in the śrāddha, are not worthy of acceptance.)

O best of the Bharatas, those who are preceded by women, those with stalks as backs, as well as she-goats and Brāhmaṇas, are not fit to be accepted in the śrāddha ceremony. (13-24-23)

श्राद्धे दैवे च निर्दिष्टा ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ। दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च शृणुष्वानुग्रहं पुनः ॥१३-२४-२४॥

śrāddhe daive ca nirdiṣṭā brāhmaṇā bharatarṣabha। dātuḥ pratigrahītuś ca śṛṇuṣva anugrahaṃ punaḥ ॥13-24-24॥

[श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha rite; दैवे (daive) - in the divine (rite); च (ca) - and; निर्दिष्टा (nirdiṣṭā) - appointed; ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - brāhmaṇas; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; दातुः (dātuḥ) - of the giver; प्रतिग्रहीतुश् (pratigrahituś) - of the receiver; च (ca) - and; शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - hear; अनुग्रहम् (anugraham) - favor; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]

(In the śrāddha rite, in the divine (rite), and appointed brāhmaṇas, O bull among the Bharatas, of the giver and of the receiver, and hear favor again.)

O best of the Bharatas, the brāhmaṇas appointed for the śrāddha and divine rites, as well as the roles of giver and receiver—hear again about their favor. (13-24-24)

चीर्णव्रता गुणैर्युक्ता भवेयुर्येऽपि कर्षकाः। सावित्रीज्ञाः क्रियावन्तस्ते राजन्केतनक्षमाः ॥१३-२४-२५॥

cīrṇavratā guṇairyuktā bhaveyurye'pi karṣakāḥ। sāvitrijñāḥ kriyāvantaste rājan ketanakṣamāḥ ॥13-24-25॥

[चीर्णव्रता (cīrṇavratā) - who have performed vows; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - with virtues; युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed; भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - may become; ये (ye) - who; अपि (api) - even; कर्षकाः (karṣakāḥ) - ploughmen; सावित्रीज्ञाः (sāvitrijñāḥ) - knowers of Sāvitrī; क्रियावन्तः (kriyāvantaḥ) - performers of rites; ते (te) - they; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमाः (ketanakṣamāḥ) - fit for banner (worthy of distinction);]

(Who have performed vows, endowed with virtues, may become even those ploughmen, knowers of Sāvitrī, performers of rites, they, O king, fit for banner (worthy of distinction).)

O king, even those ploughmen who have performed vows, are endowed with virtues, know the Sāvitrī, and are performers of rites, they are worthy of distinction. (13-24-25)

क्षात्रधर्मिणमप्याजौ केतयेत्कुलजं द्विजम्। न त्वेव वणिजं तात श्राद्धेषु परिकल्पयेत् ॥१३-२४-२६॥

kṣātradharmiṇam apy ājau ketayet kulajaṃ dvijam। na tveva vaṇijaṃ tāta śrāddheṣu parikalpayet ॥13-24-26॥

[क्षात्रधर्मिणम् (kṣātradharmiṇam) - one following the kṣatriya duty; अपि (api) - even; आजौ (ājau) - in sacrifice; केतयेत् (ketayet) - may appoint; कुलजम् (kulajam) - born in a good family; द्विजम् (dvijam) - twice-born; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; एव (eva) - indeed; वणिजम् (vaṇijam) - merchant; तात (tāta) - O dear one; श्राद्धेषु (śrāddheṣu) - in śrāddha rites; परिकल्पयेत् (parikalpayet) - should appoint;]

(One following the kṣatriya duty even in sacrifice may appoint a twice-born born in a good family; but indeed, O dear one, a merchant should not be appointed in śrāddha rites.)

Even a kṣatriya may appoint a twice-born of good family in a sacrifice; but, O dear one, a merchant should never be appointed in śrāddha rites. (13-24-26)

अग्निहोत्री च यो विप्रो ग्रामवासी च यो भवेत्। अस्तेनश्चातिथिज्ञश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२७॥

agnihotrī ca yo vipro grāmavāsī ca yo bhavet। astenashcātithijñaśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-27॥

[अग्निहोत्री (agnihotrī) - performer of agnihotra; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brāhmaṇa; ग्रामवासी (grāmavāsī) - village-dweller; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; अस्तेनः (astenaḥ) - not a thief; च (ca) - and; अतिथिज्ञः (atithijñaḥ) - knower of guests; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - fit for a house;]

(Performer of agnihotra and who is a brāhmaṇa, village-dweller and who may be, not a thief and knower of guests and he, O king, fit for a house. (13-24-27))

O king, a brāhmaṇa who performs agnihotra, lives in the village, is not a thief, and knows how to receive guests is fit to have a house. (13-24-27)

सावित्रीं जपते यस्तु त्रिकालं भरतर्षभ। भिक्षावृत्तिः क्रियावांश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२८॥

sāvitrīṃ japate yastu trikālaṃ bharatarṣabha। bhikṣāvṛttiḥ kriyāvāṃśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-28॥

[सावित्रीं (sāvitrīṃ) - Sāvitrī (the Gāyatrī mantra, accusative singular); जपते (japate) - recites; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; त्रिकालं (trikālaṃ) - three times (a day); भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; भिक्षावृत्तिः (bhikṣāvṛttiḥ) - one whose livelihood is by alms; क्रियावान् (kriyāvān) - engaged in rites; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - fit for a banner (worthy of distinction);]

(Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī mantra) recites who but three times (a day), O best of the Bharatas; one whose livelihood is by alms, engaged in rites and he, O king, fit for a banner.)

O best of the Bharatas, he who recites the Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī mantra) three times a day, lives by alms, and is engaged in rites, O king, he is worthy of distinction. (13-24-28)

उदितास्तमितो यश्च तथैवास्तमितोदितः। अहिंस्रश्चाल्पदोषश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२९॥

uditāstamito yaś ca tathaivāstamitoditaḥ। ahiṃsraś cālpadoṣaś ca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-29॥

[उदित (udita) - risen; अस्तमित (astamita) - set; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; अस्तमित (astamita) - set; उदितः (uditaḥ) - risen; अहिंस्रः (ahiṃsraḥ) - non-injurious; च (ca) - and; अल्पदोषः (alpa-doṣaḥ) - of little fault; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - fit for the banner;]

(Who is risen and set, and in the same way set and risen; non-injurious and of little fault and he, O king, fit for the banner.)

O king, he who rises and sets, and likewise sets and rises, who is non-injurious and of little fault, is fit to be the standard-bearer. (13-24-29)

अकल्कको ह्यतर्कश्च ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ। ससञ्ज्ञो भैक्ष्यवृत्तिश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३०॥

akalkako hy atarkaś ca brāhmaṇo bharatarṣabha। sasañjño bhaikṣyavṛttiś ca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-30॥

[अकल्ककः (akalkakaḥ) - without guile; हि (hi) - indeed; अतर्कः (atarkaḥ) - not argumentative; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull of the Bharatas; ससञ्ज्ञः (sasañjñaḥ) - with proper understanding; भैक्ष्यवृत्तिः (bhaikṣyavṛttiḥ) - having a mendicant's livelihood; च (ca) - and; स (sa) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - capable of maintaining a household;]

(Without guile indeed and not argumentative and a brāhmaṇa, O bull of the Bharatas; with proper understanding, having a mendicant's livelihood and he, O king, capable of maintaining a household.)

O bull of the Bharatas, he was a brāhmaṇa without guile, not argumentative, possessed of proper understanding, living by alms, and, O king, capable of maintaining a household. (13-24-30)

अव्रती कितवः स्तेनः प्राणिविक्रय्यथो वणिक्। पश्चाच्च पीतवान्सोमं स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३१॥

avratī kitavaḥ stenaḥ prāṇivikrayyatho vaṇik। paścācca pītavān somaṃ sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-31॥

[अव्रती (avratī) - non-observer of vows; कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler; स्तेनः (stenaḥ) - thief; प्राणिविक्रय्य (prāṇivikrayya) - seller of living beings; अथ (atha) - and; वणिक् (vaṇik) - merchant; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; च (ca) - and; पीतवान् (pītavān) - having drunk; सोमं (somaṃ) - Soma; स (sa) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - fit for the banner (sacrifice);]

(Non-observer of vows; gambler; thief; seller of living beings; and merchant; afterwards and having drunk Soma; he O king; fit for the banner (sacrifice);)

A non-observer of vows, a gambler, a thief, a seller of living beings, and a merchant—afterwards, having drunk Soma, O king, he is fit for the sacrificial banner. (13-24-31)

अर्जयित्वा धनं पूर्वं दारुणैः कृषिकर्मभिः। भवेत्सर्वातिथिः पश्चात्स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३२॥

arjayitvā dhanaṃ pūrvaṃ dāruṇaiḥ kṛṣikarmabhiḥ। bhavetsarvātithiḥ paścāts rājanketanakṣamaḥ ॥13-24-32॥

[अर्जयित्वा (arjayitvā) - having acquired; by earning; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; पूर्वं (pūrvaṃ) - previously; before; दारुणैः (dāruṇaiḥ) - by harsh; by severe; कृषिकर्मभिः (kṛṣikarmabhiḥ) - agricultural labors; by acts of farming; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become; may be; सर्वातिथिः (sarvātithiḥ) - host to all guests; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; सः (saḥ) - he; राजन् (rājan) - O king; केतनक्षमः (ketanakṣamaḥ) - capable of maintaining a household;]

(Having acquired wealth previously by harsh agricultural labors, he should become host to all guests afterwards, O king, capable of maintaining a household.)

O king, after having previously earned wealth through harsh agricultural labors, he should then become a host to all guests, being capable of maintaining a household. (13-24-32)

ब्रह्मविक्रयनिर्दिष्टं स्त्रिया यच्चार्जितं धनम्। अदेयं पितृदेवेभ्यो यच्च क्लैब्यादुपार्जितम् ॥१३-२४-३३॥

brahmavikrayanirdiṣṭaṃ striyā yaccārjitaṃ dhanam। adeyaṃ pitṛdevebhyo yacca klaibyādupārjitam ॥13-24-33॥

[ब्रह्म (brahma) - Veda; sacred knowledge; विक्रय (vikraya) - sale; selling; निर्दिष्टं (nirdiṣṭam) - specified; indicated; स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; अर्जितं (arjitam) - acquired; earned; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; money; अदेयं (adeyam) - not to be given; पितृ (pitṛ) - to ancestors; fathers; देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - to gods; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; क्लैब्यात् (klaibyāt) - from impotence; from unmanliness; उपार्जितम् (upārjitam) - acquired; obtained;]

(The wealth specified as from the sale of the Veda, and that which is acquired by a woman; not to be given to ancestors or gods, and that which is acquired from impotence.)

Wealth obtained from the sale of the Veda, or earned by a woman, as well as that acquired through impotence, is not to be given to ancestors or gods. (13-24-33)

क्रियमाणेऽपवर्गे तु यो द्विजो भरतर्षभ। न व्याहरति यद्युक्तं तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-३४॥

kriyamāṇe'vaparge tu yo dvijo bharatarṣabha। na vyāharati yadyuktaṃ tasyādharmo gavānṛtam ॥13-24-34॥

[क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - being done; being performed; अपवर्गे (apavarge) - liberation; release; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born; Brahmin; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; न (na) - not; व्याहरति (vyāharati) - utters; speaks; यत् (yat) - what; युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper; appropriate; तस्य (tasya) - his; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; non-dharma; गवानृतम् (gavānṛtam) - the untruth of cows; falsehood regarding cows;]

(When liberation is being performed but the twice-born, O best of the Bharatas, does not utter what is proper, his unrighteousness is the falsehood of cows.)

O best of the Bharatas, when liberation is being performed, if a Brahmin does not speak what is proper, then his unrighteousness is as grave as the falsehood regarding cows. (13-24-34)

श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः प्राप्तं दधि घृतं तथा। सोमक्षयश्च मांसं च यदारण्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-३५॥

śrāddhasya brāhmaṇaḥ kālaḥ prāptaṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ tathā। somakṣayaś ca māṃsaṃ ca yad āraṇyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-24-35॥

[श्राद्धस्य (śrāddhasya) - of the śrāddha; (ritual for ancestors); ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; (a Brahmin); कालः (kālaḥ) - time; (proper time); प्राप्तं (prāptaṃ) - obtained; (arrived); दधि (dadhi) - curd; (yogurt); घृतं (ghṛtaṃ) - ghee; (clarified butter); तथा (tathā) - also; (likewise); सोमक्षयः (somakṣayaḥ) - waning of Soma; (end of Soma); च (ca) - and; मांसं (māṃsaṃ) - meat; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; (that which); आरण्यं (āraṇyaṃ) - from the forest; (wild); युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]

(Of the śrāddha, brāhmaṇa, time, obtained, curd, ghee, also, waning of Soma and meat and that which is from the forest, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the proper time for the śrāddha and the brāhmaṇa has arrived, curd, ghee, the waning of Soma, meat, and whatever is from the forest are appropriate. (13-24-35)

श्राद्धापवर्गे विप्रस्य स्वधा वै स्वदिता भवेत्। क्षत्रियस्याप्यथो ब्रूयात्प्रीयन्तां पितरस्त्विति ॥१३-२४-३६॥

śrāddhāpavarge viprasya svadhā vai svaditā bhavet। kṣatriyasyāpyatho brūyāt prīyantāṃ pitaras tv iti ॥13-24-36॥

[श्राद्धापवर्गे (śrāddhāpavarge) - in the context of śrāddha-offering; (apavarga = occasion, context); विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; स्वधा (svadhā) - Svadhā (ritual oblation); वै (vai) - indeed; स्वदिता (svaditā) - is to be said; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of the kṣatriya; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atho) - then; ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say; प्रीयन्ताम् (prīyantām) - may be pleased; पितरः (pitarah) - the ancestors; त्व् (tv) - indeed; इति (iti) - thus;]

(In the context of śrāddha, for the brāhmaṇa, 'Svadhā' indeed is to be said; for the kṣatriya also then one should say, 'May the ancestors be pleased' thus.)

At a śrāddha ceremony, for a brāhmaṇa, one should indeed say 'Svadhā'; for a kṣatriya, one should instead say, 'May the ancestors be pleased.' (13-24-36)

अपवर्गे तु वैश्यस्य श्राद्धकर्मणि भारत। अक्षय्यमभिधातव्यं स्वस्ति शूद्रस्य भारत ॥१३-२४-३७॥

apavarge tu vaiśyasya śrāddhakarmaṇi bhārata। akṣayyamabhidhātavyaṃ svasti śūdrasya bhārata ॥13-24-37॥

[अपवर्गे (apavarge) - in liberation; (apavarga: liberation, release; locative singular); तु (tu) - but; (particle); वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the Vaiśya; (genitive singular); श्राद्धकर्मणि (śrāddhakarmaṇi) - in the śrāddha rite; (śrāddha: ancestral rite; karmaṇi: in the act, locative singular); भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; (vocative); अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable; (not decaying, eternal); अभिधातव्यम् (abhidhātavyam) - should be spoken; (to be said, prescribed); स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being; (auspiciousness); शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra; (genitive singular); भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; (vocative);]

(In liberation but of the Vaiśya in the śrāddha rite, O Bhārata, imperishable should be spoken; well-being of the Śūdra, O Bhārata.)

But, O Bhārata, at the śrāddha rite for a Vaiśya, one should say 'imperishable'; for a Śūdra, O Bhārata, one should say 'well-being'. (13-24-37)

पुण्याहवाचनं दैवे ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते। एतदेव निरोङ्कारं क्षत्रियस्य विधीयते ॥ वैश्यस्य चैव वक्तव्यं प्रीयन्तां देवता इति ॥१३-२४-३८॥

puṇyāhavācanaṃ daive brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate। etadeva niroṅkāraṃ kṣatriyasya vidhīyate ॥ vaiśyasya caiva vaktavyaṃ prīyantāṃ devatā iti ॥13-24-38॥

[पुण्याहवाचनं (puṇyāhavācanam) - auspicious-day-proclamation; दैवे (daive) - in divine (rites); ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the Brāhmaṇa; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed; एतदेव (etadeva) - this only; निरोङ्कारं (niroṅkāram) - without Oṅkāra; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of the Kṣatriya; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the Vaiśya; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वक्तव्यं (vaktavyam) - should be said; प्रीयन्तां (prīyantām) - may they be pleased; देवता (devatā) - the deities; इति (iti) - thus;]

(Auspicious-day-proclamation in divine (rites) of the Brāhmaṇa is prescribed. This only, without Oṅkāra, of the Kṣatriya is prescribed. Of the Vaiśya, indeed, should be said: "May the deities be pleased" thus. (13-24-38))

For the Brāhmaṇa, the auspicious-day proclamation is prescribed in divine rites. For the Kṣatriya, this same is prescribed but without the Oṅkāra. For the Vaiśya, it should be said: "May the deities be pleased." (13-24-38)

कर्मणामानुपूर्वीं च विधिपूर्वकृतं शृणु। जातकर्मादिकान्सर्वांस्त्रिषु वर्णेषु भारत ॥ ब्रह्मक्षत्रे हि मन्त्रोक्ता वैश्यस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-३९॥

karmaṇām ānupūrvīṃ ca vidhipūrvakṛtaṃ śṛṇu। jātakarmādikān sarvāṃs triṣu varṇeṣu bhārata ॥ brahmakṣatre hi mantroktā vaiśyasya ca yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-24-39॥

[कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; आनुपूर्वीं (ānupūrvīṃ) - sequence; च (ca) - and; विधिपूर्वकृतं (vidhipūrvakṛtam) - performed according to injunction; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; जातकर्मादिकान् (jātakarmādikān) - rites such as birth ceremony; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three; वर्णेषु (varṇeṣu) - castes; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ब्रह्मक्षत्रे (brahmakṣatre) - in Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya; हि (hi) - indeed; मन्त्रोक्ता (mantroktā) - prescribed by mantra; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of Vaiśya; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]

(Of actions sequence and performed according to injunction hear; rites such as birth ceremony all in the three castes O Bhārata; in Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya indeed prescribed by mantra of Vaiśya and O Yudhiṣṭhira; (13-24-39))

O Bhārata, hear the sequence of actions performed according to injunction: all rites such as the birth ceremony in the three castes. In Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya, they are indeed prescribed by mantra, and for the Vaiśya as well, O Yudhiṣṭhira. (13-24-39)

विप्रस्य रशना मौञ्जी मौर्वी राजन्यगामिनी। बाल्वजीत्येव वैश्यस्य धर्म एष युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-४०॥

viprasya raśanā mauñjī maurvī rājanyagāminī। bālvajityeva vaiśyasya dharma eṣa yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-24-40॥

[विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; रशना (raśanā) - girdle; मौञ्जी (mauñjī) - made of muñja grass; मौर्वी (maurvī) - made of murva fiber; राजन्यगामिनी (rājanyagāminī) - that which is used by kṣatriya; बाल्वजीत्येव (bālvajityeva) - indeed made of bālvaja grass; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of the vaiśya; धर्म (dharma) - duty; एष (eṣa) - this; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]

(Of the brāhmaṇa, the girdle made of muñja grass, made of murva fiber, that which is used by kṣatriya; indeed made of bālvaja grass, of the vaiśya, duty, this, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, the girdle of a brāhmaṇa is made of muñja grass, for a kṣatriya it is made of murva fiber, and for a vaiśya it is made of bālvaja grass; this is their respective duty. (13-24-40)

दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च धर्माधर्माविमौ शृणु। ब्राह्मणस्यानृतेऽधर्मः प्रोक्तः पातकसञ्ज्ञितः ॥ चतुर्गुणः क्षत्रियस्य वैश्यस्याष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥१३-२४-४१॥

dātuḥ pratigrahītuś ca dharmādharmāv imau śṛṇu। brāhmaṇasya anṛte adharmaḥ proktaḥ pātakasañjñitaḥ ॥ caturguṇaḥ kṣatriyasya vaiśyasya aṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ ॥13-24-41॥

[दातुः (dātuḥ) - of the giver; प्रतिग्रहीतुश् (pratigrahītuḥ) - of the receiver; च (ca) - and; धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - dharma and adharma; इमौ (imau) - these two; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brāhmaṇa; अनृते (anṛte) - in falsehood; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - adharma; प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is said; पातकसञ्ज्ञितः (pātakasañjñitaḥ) - designated as a sin; चतुर्गुणः (caturguṇaḥ) - fourfold; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a Kṣatriya; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya; अष्टगुणः (aṣṭaguṇaḥ) - eightfold; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered;]

(Of the giver and of the receiver, dharma and adharma, these two, hear. Of a Brāhmaṇa, in falsehood, adharma is said, designated as a sin. Fourfold of a Kṣatriya, of a Vaiśya, eightfold is remembered. (13-24-41))

Hear about the dharma and adharma of the giver and the receiver. For a Brāhmaṇa, falsehood is said to be adharma and is designated as a sin. For a Kṣatriya, it is considered four times greater, and for a Vaiśya, eight times greater. (13-24-41)

नान्यत्र ब्राह्मणोऽश्नीयात्पूर्वं विप्रेण केतितः। यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां तुल्यधर्मो भवेत्स हि ॥१३-२४-४२॥

nānyatra brāhmaṇo'śnīyātpūrvaṃ vipreṇa ketitaḥ। yavīyānpaśuhiṃsāyāṃ tulyadharmo bhavetsa hi ॥13-24-42॥

[न (na) - not; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - should eat; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; विप्रेण (vipreṇa) - by a learned one; केतितः (ketitaḥ) - instructed; यवीयान् (yavīyān) - younger; पशुहिंसायाम् (paśuhiṃsāyām) - in animal-killing; तुल्यधर्मः (tulyadharmaḥ) - of equal dharma; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; सः (saḥ) - he; हि (hi) - indeed;]

(Not elsewhere a brāhmaṇa should eat before being instructed by a learned one; the younger, in animal-killing, of equal dharma, he should be indeed.)

A brāhmaṇa should not eat anywhere else before being instructed by a learned person; in the matter of animal sacrifice, the younger one, if of equal dharma, should indeed be considered the same. (13-24-42)

अथ राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां यद्यश्नीयात्तु केतितः। यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां भागार्धं समवाप्नुयात् ॥१३-२४-४३॥

atha rājanya-vaiśyābhyāṃ yady aśnīyāt tu ketitaḥ। yavīyān paśu-hiṃsāyāṃ bhāg-ardhaṃ samavāpnuyāt ॥13-24-43॥

[अथ (atha) - now; then; राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां (rājanya-vaiśyābhyām) - by a Kṣatriya and a Vaiśya; (ablative dual); यत् (yat) - which; what; अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - might eat; (optative of 'aś', to eat); तु (tu) - but; however; केतितः (ketitaḥ) - from being declared; from being specified; यवीयान् (yavīyān) - lesser; younger; smaller; पशुहिंसायां (paśu-hiṃsāyām) - in animal-killing; in the slaughter of animals; भागार्धं (bhāga-ardham) - half the share; half portion; समवाप्नुयात् (samavāpnuyāt) - should obtain; might receive;]

(Now, by a Kṣatriya and a Vaiśya, which might eat but from being declared, lesser in animal-killing, half the share should obtain.)

Now, if a Kṣatriya or a Vaiśya eats what is not specifically permitted, being less involved in animal slaughter, he should receive half the share. (13-24-43)

दैवं वाप्यथ वा पित्र्यं योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु। अस्नातो ब्राह्मणो राजंस्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४४॥

daivaṃ vāpyatha vā pitryaṃ yo'śnīyādbrāhmaṇādiṣu। asnāto brāhmaṇo rājaṃstasyādharmo gavānṛtam ॥13-24-44॥

[दैवं (daivam) - divine; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; पित्र्यं (pitryam) - ancestral; यः (yaḥ) - who; अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - should eat; ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - of a Brāhmaṇa; आदिषु (ādiṣu) - and others; अस्नातः (asnātaḥ) - not bathed; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brāhmaṇa; राजन् (rājan) - O King; तस्य (tasya) - his; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood;]

(Divine or also or or ancestral who should eat of a Brāhmaṇa and others, not bathed Brāhmaṇa O King, his unrighteousness is the falsehood of cows.)

O King, if a Brāhmaṇa who has not bathed eats food that is divine, ancestral, or from Brāhmaṇas and others, for him, it is unrighteousness, equivalent to the falsehood of cows. (13-24-44)

आशौचो ब्राह्मणो राजन्योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु। ज्ञानपूर्वमथो लोभात्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४५॥

āśauco brāhmaṇo rājanyo'śnīyādbrāhmaṇādiṣu। jñānapūrvamatho lobhāttasyādharmo gavānṛtam ॥13-24-45॥

[आशौचः (āśaucaḥ) - impure one; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - kṣatriya; अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - should eat; ब्राह्मणादिषु (brāhmaṇādiṣu) - among brāhmaṇas and others; ज्ञानपूर्वम् (jñānapūrvam) - with prior knowledge; अथ (atha) - but; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; तस्य (tasya) - his; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood;]

(An impure brāhmaṇa, a kṣatriya should eat among brāhmaṇas and others; with prior knowledge but from greed, his unrighteousness is the falsehood of cows.)

If a brāhmaṇa is impure, a kṣatriya may eat among brāhmaṇas and others; but if he does so knowingly out of greed, his unrighteousness is as grave as stealing cows. (13-24-45)

अन्नेनान्नं च यो लिप्सेत्कर्मार्थं चैव भारत। आमन्त्रयति राजेन्द्र तस्याधर्मोऽनृतं स्मृतम् ॥१३-२४-४६॥

annenānnaṃ ca yo lipset karmārthaṃ caiva bhārata। āmantrayati rājendra tasyādharmo'nṛtaṃ smṛtam ॥13-24-46॥

[अन्नेन (annena) - by food; अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; लिप्सेत् (lipset) - would desire; कर्मार्थं (karmārtham) - for the sake of action; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आमन्त्रयति (āmantrayati) - invites; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; तस्य (tasya) - his; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered;]

(By food, food and who would desire for the sake of action and indeed, O Bhārata, invites, O king, his unrighteousness, falsehood is considered.)

O Bhārata, if someone desires food by offering food for the sake of an action and invites (another), O king, his act is considered unrighteousness and falsehood. (13-24-46)

अवेदव्रतचारित्रास्त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्युधिष्ठिर। मन्त्रवत्परिविष्यन्ते तेष्वधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४७॥

avedavratacāritrāstribhirvarṇairyudhiṣṭhira। mantravatpariviṣyante teṣvadharmo gavānṛtam ॥13-24-47॥

[अवेद (aveda) - without Veda; व्रत (vrata) - without vow; चारित्र (cāritra) - without good conduct; अस् (as) - being; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by the three; वर्णैः (varṇaiḥ) - castes; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; मन्त्रवत् (mantravat) - like a mantra; परिविष्यन्ते (pariviṣyante) - are served; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; गव (gava) - of cows; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood;]

(Without Veda, vow, and good conduct, being by the three castes, O Yudhiṣṭhira, like a mantra are served; among them, unrighteousness, of cows, falsehood.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the three castes are without Veda, vow, and good conduct, they are served like a mantra; among them, unrighteousness and falsehood concerning cows prevail. (13-24-47)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

पित्र्यं वाप्यथ वा दैवं दीयते यत्पितामह। एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं दत्तं येषु महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-४८॥

pitryaṃ vāpyatha vā daivaṃ dīyate yatpitāmaha। etadicchāmyahaṃ śrotuṃ dattaṃ yeṣu mahāphalam ॥13-24-48॥

[पित्र्यं (pitryam) - ancestral; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; दैवं (daivam) - divine; दीयते (dīyate) - is given; यत् (yat) - which; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; एतत् (etat) - this; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire; अहम् (aham) - I; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; येषु (yeṣu) - in which; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Ancestral or also or divine is given which, O grandsire; this I desire I to hear, given in which great fruit.)

O grandsire, I wish to hear about that which, whether given as ancestral or divine, yields great fruit. (13-24-48)

भीष्म उवाच॥

bhīṣma uvāca॥

[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Bhishma said;)

Bhishma said.

येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते सुवृष्टिमिव कर्षकाः। उच्छेषपरिशेषं हि तान्भोजय युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-४९॥

yeṣāṃ dārāḥ pratīkṣante suvṛṣṭim iva karṣakāḥ। uccheṣa-pariśeṣaṃ hi tān bhojaya yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-24-49॥

[येषां (yeṣām) - of whom; दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives; प्रतीक्षन्ते (pratīkṣante) - wait; सुवृष्टिमिव (suvṛṣṭim iva) - like good rain; कर्षकाः (karṣakāḥ) - farmers; उच्छेषपरिशेषं (uccheṣa-pariśeṣam) - remnants of leftovers; हि (hi) - indeed; तान् (tān) - them; भोजय (bhojaya) - feed; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]

(Of whom wives wait, like farmers for good rain, indeed, the remnants of leftovers feed them, Yudhiṣṭhira.)

Yudhiṣṭhira, feed those whose wives wait for them like farmers wait for good rain, with the remnants of leftovers. (13-24-49)

चारित्रनियता राजन्ये कृशाः कृशवृत्तयः। अर्थिनश्चोपगच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५०॥

cāritraniyatā rājanye kṛśāḥ kṛśavṛttayaḥ। arthinaś copagacchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-50॥

[चारित्रनियता (cāritraniyatā) - restrained by conduct; राजन्ये (rājanye) - among the kṣatriyas; कृशाः (kṛśāḥ) - emaciated; कृशवृत्तयः (kṛśavṛttayaḥ) - of meagre livelihood; अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners; च (ca) - and; उपगच्छन्ति (upagacchanti) - approach; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Restrained by conduct among the kṣatriyas, emaciated, of meagre livelihood, petitioners also approach; among them, what is given yields great fruit.)

Among the kṣatriyas who are restrained by conduct, emaciated, and of meagre livelihood, petitioners also approach; whatever is given to them yields great fruit. (13-24-50)

तद्भक्तास्तद्गृहा राजंस्तद्धनास्तदपाश्रयाः। अर्थिनश्च भवन्त्यर्थे तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५१॥

tadbhaktās tadgṛhā rājan tad dhanās tad apāśrayāḥ। arthinaś ca bhavanti arthe teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-51॥

[तद्भक्ताः (tadbhaktāḥ) - their devotees; तद्गृहाः (tadgṛhāḥ) - their houses; राजन् (rājan) - O king; तद्धनाः (taddhanāḥ) - their wealth; तदपाश्रयाः (tadapāśrayāḥ) - those who take their refuge; अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners; च (ca) - and; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake (of them); तेषु (teṣu) - in them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Their devotees, their houses, O king, their wealth, those who take their refuge, petitioners also become for the sake (of them); in them, given, great fruit.)

O king, their devotees, their houses, their wealth, and those who take their refuge, as well as petitioners for their sake—whatever is given to them yields great fruit. (13-24-51)

तस्करेभ्यः परेभ्यो वा ये भयार्ता युधिष्ठिर। अर्थिनो भोक्तुमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५२॥

taskarebhyaḥ parebhyo vā ye bhayārtā yudhiṣṭhira। arthino bhoktum icchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-52॥

[तस्करेभ्यः (taskarebhyaḥ) - from thieves; परेभ्यः (parebhyaḥ) - from others; वा (vā) - or; ये (ye) - who; भयार्ता (bhayārtā) - afflicted by fear; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira; अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners; भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; तेषु (teṣu) - to them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(From thieves, from others, or who are afflicted by fear, O Yudhishthira, petitioners who desire to eat—to them, that which is given yields great fruit.)

O Yudhishthira, whatever is given to petitioners who, out of fear of thieves or others, desire food, yields great merit. (13-24-52)

अकल्ककस्य विप्रस्य भैक्षोत्करकृतात्मनः। बटवो यस्य भिक्षन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५३॥

akalkakasya viprasya bhaikṣotkarakṛtātmanaḥ। baṭavo yasya bhikṣanti tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-53॥

[अकल्ककस्य (akalkakasya) - of one without guile; विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; भैक्षोत्कर (bhaikṣotkara) - of the collection of alms; कृतात्मनः (kṛtātmanaḥ) - of one who has controlled the self; बटवः (baṭavaḥ) - students (brahmacārins); यस्यम् (yasya) - whose; भिक्षन्ति (bhikṣanti) - beg; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Of the guileless brāhmaṇa, of the one who has controlled the self, whose collection of alms the students beg, that which is given to them yields great fruit.)

Whatever is given to the students who beg for the alms collected by the guileless, self-controlled brāhmaṇa, yields great merit. (13-24-53)

हृतस्वा हृतदाराश्च ये विप्रा देशसम्प्लवे। अर्थार्थमभिगच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५४॥

hṛtasvā hṛtadārāś ca ye viprā deśasamplave। arthārtham abhigacchanti tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-54॥

[हृतस्वा (hṛtasvā) - whose wealth is taken away; हृतदाराः (hṛtadārāḥ) - whose wives are taken away; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; देशसम्प्लवे (deśasamplave) - in national calamity; अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - for the sake of wealth; अभिगच्छन्ति (abhigacchanti) - approach; तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Whose wealth is taken away, whose wives are taken away, and who are Brāhmaṇas, in national calamity, for the sake of wealth, approach; to them, given, great fruit.)

To Brāhmaṇas whose wealth and wives have been taken away, who approach during a national calamity for the sake of wealth, whatever is given to them yields great merit. (13-24-54)

व्रतिनो नियमस्थाश्च ये विप्राः श्रुतसंमताः। तत्समाप्त्यर्थमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५५॥

vratino niyamasthāś ca ye viprāḥ śrutasaṃmatāḥ। tatsamāptyartham icchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-55॥

[व्रतिनः (vratinaḥ) - those who observe vows; नियमस्थाः (niyamasthāḥ) - those established in discipline; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; श्रुतसंमताः (śrutasaṃmatāḥ) - approved by the Vedas; तत्समाप्त्यर्थम् (tatsamāptyartham) - for the purpose of completion of that; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Those who observe vows, those established in discipline, and those Brāhmaṇas who are approved by the Vedas, for the purpose of completion of that, desire; among them, that which is given yields great fruit.)

The gifts given to Brāhmaṇas who observe vows, are established in discipline, and are approved by the Vedas, for the purpose of completing that (ritual), yield great results among them. (13-24-55)

अव्युत्क्रान्ताश्च धर्मेषु पाषण्डसमयेषु च। कृशप्राणाः कृशधनास्तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५६॥

avyutkrāntāś ca dharmeṣu pāṣaṇḍasamayeṣu ca। kṛśaprāṇāḥ kṛśadhanās teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-56॥

[अव्युत्क्रान्ताः (avyutkrāntāḥ) - not-departed; not-transgressed; च (ca) - and; धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in dharmas; पाषण्डसमयेषु (pāṣaṇḍasamayeṣu) - in heretical doctrines; च (ca) - and; कृशप्राणाः (kṛśaprāṇāḥ) - weak in life-force; कृशधनाः (kṛśadhanāḥ) - poor in wealth; तेषु (teṣu) - to them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Not-departed and in dharmas, in heretical doctrines and, weak in life-force, poor in wealth, to them given is great fruit.)

Those who have not deviated, whether in dharmic or heretical doctrines, who are weak in life-force and poor in wealth—for gifts given to them, the reward is great. (13-24-56)

कृतसर्वस्वहरणा निर्दोषाः प्रभविष्णुभिः। स्पृहयन्ति च भुक्तान्नं तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५७॥

kṛtasarvasvaharaṇā nirdoṣāḥ prabhaviṣṇubhiḥ। spṛhayanti ca bhuktānnaṃ teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-57॥

[कृत (kṛta) - done; accomplished; सर्वस्व (sarvasva) - all wealth; everything; हरणा (haraṇā) - taking away; removal; निर्दोषाः (nirdoṣāḥ) - faultless; without defect; प्रभविष्णुभिः (prabhaviṣṇubhiḥ) - by powerful beings; by mighty ones; स्पृहयन्ति (spṛhayanti) - desire; long for; च (ca) - and; भुक्त (bhukta) - eaten; enjoyed; अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; तेषु (teṣu) - in them; among them; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit; great result;]

(Those whose all wealth has been taken away, who are faultless, by powerful beings, desire also food that has been eaten; among them, that which is given yields great fruit.)

When all their wealth has been taken and they are faultless, even the mighty desire food that has already been eaten; whatever is given to them among such people yields great merit. (13-24-57)

तपस्विनस्तपोनिष्ठास्तेषां भैक्षचराश्च ये। अर्थिनः किञ्चिदिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५८॥

tapasvinastaponiṣṭhāsteṣāṃ bhaikṣacarāśca ye। arthinaḥ kiñcidicchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam ॥13-24-58॥

[तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics; तपोनिष्ठाः (taponiṣṭhāḥ) - devoted to austerity; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; भैक्षचराः (bhaikṣacarāḥ) - those who live by alms; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; तेषु (teṣu) - to them; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit;]

(Ascetics devoted to austerity, of them, those who live by alms and who are petitioners, desire something; to them, given, (is of) great fruit.)

Whatever is given to ascetics devoted to austerity, among them those who live by alms and are petitioners desiring something, that gift yields great fruit. (13-24-58)

महाफलविधिर्दाने श्रुतस्ते भरतर्षभ। निरयं येन गच्छन्ति स्वर्गं चैव हि तच्छृणु ॥१३-२४-५९॥

mahāphalavidhirdāne śrutaste bharatarṣabha। nirayaṃ yena gacchanti svargaṃ caiva hi tacchṛṇu ॥13-24-59॥

[महाफलविधिः (mahāphalavidhiḥ) - great-fruit-rule; दाने (dāne) - in giving; श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard; ते (te) - by you; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; येन (yena) - by which; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - for; तत् (tat) - that; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]

(The great-fruit-rule in giving has been heard by you, O bull among the Bharatas; hell by which they go, and heaven indeed, for that hear.)

O best of the Bharatas, you have heard the rule of great fruits in giving; now hear that by which people go to hell or to heaven. (13-24-59)

गुर्वर्थं वाभयार्थं वा वर्जयित्वा युधिष्ठिर। येऽनृतं कथयन्ति स्म ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६०॥

gurvarthaṃ vābhayārthaṃ vā varjayitvā yudhiṣṭhira। ye'nṛtaṃ kathayanti sma te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-60॥

[गुर्वर्थम् (gurvartham) - for the sake of the teacher; वा (vā) - or; अभयार्थम् (abhayārtham) - for the sake of safety; वा (vā) - or; वर्जयित्वा (varjayitvā) - having excluded; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; ये (ye) - those who; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - speak; स्म (sma) - indeed; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Having excluded for the sake of the teacher or for the sake of safety, O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who speak falsehood indeed, they indeed are goers to hell.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, except for the sake of the teacher or for the sake of safety, those who speak falsehood are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-60)

परदाराभिहर्तारः परदाराभिमर्शिनः। परदारप्रयोक्तारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६१॥

paradārābhihartāraḥ paradārābhimarśinaḥ। paradāraprayoktāras te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-61॥

[परदार (paradāra) - another's wife; अभिहर्तारः (abhihartāraḥ) - approachers; परदार (paradāra) - another's wife; अभिमर्शिनः (abhimarśinaḥ) - touchers; परदार (paradāra) - another's wife; प्रयोक्तारः (prayoktāraḥ) - users; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Approachers of another's wife; touchers of another's wife; users of another's wife; they indeed are goers to hell.)

Those who approach, touch, or use another's wife are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-61)

ये परस्वापहर्तारः परस्वानां च नाशकाः। सूचकाश्च परेषां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६२॥

ye parasvāpahartāraḥ parasvānāṃ ca nāśakāḥ। sūcakāś ca pareṣāṃ ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-62॥

[ये (ye) - who; परस्वापहर्तारः (parasvāpahartāraḥ) - stealers of others' property; परस्वानां (parasvānāṃ) - of others' property; च (ca) - and; नाशकाः (nāśakāḥ) - destroyers; सूचकाः (sūcakāḥ) - informers; च (ca) - and; परेषां (pareṣāṃ) - of others; ये (ye) - who; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Who are stealers of others' property, and destroyers of others' property, and informers of others, who they indeed goers to hell.)

Those who steal others' property, destroy others' property, and act as informers against others, they indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-62)

प्रपाणां च सभानां च सङ्क्रमाणां च भारत। अगाराणां च भेत्तारो नरा निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६३॥

prapāṇāṃ ca sabhānāṃ ca saṅkramāṇāṃ ca bhārata। agārāṇāṃ ca bhettāro narā nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-63॥

[प्रपाणाम् (prapāṇām) - of rest-houses; च (ca) - and; सभानाम् (sabhānām) - of assemblies; च (ca) - and; सङ्क्रमाणाम् (saṅkramāṇām) - of crossings; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अगाराणाम् (agārāṇām) - of houses; च (ca) - and; भेत्तारः (bhettāraḥ) - breakers; नराः (narāḥ) - men; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Of rest-houses and of assemblies and of crossings, O Bhārata, and of houses, the breakers, men, goers to hell. (13-24-63))

O Bhārata, men who break into rest-houses, assemblies, crossings, and houses are destined for hell. (13-24-63)

अनाथां प्रमदां बालां वृद्धां भीतां तपस्विनीम्। वञ्चयन्ति नरा ये च ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६४॥

anāthāṃ pramadāṃ bālāṃ vṛddhāṃ bhītāṃ tapasvinīm। vañcayanti narā ye ca te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-64॥

[अनाथाम् (anāthām) - without protector; प्रमदाम् (pramadām) - woman; बालाम् (bālām) - young girl; वृद्धाम् (vṛddhām) - old woman; भीताम् (bhītām) - fearful; तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - ascetic woman; वञ्चयन्ति (vañcayanti) - deceive; नराः (narāḥ) - men; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Without protector, woman, young girl, old woman, fearful, ascetic woman; deceive men who and they indeed goers to hell.)

Those men who deceive a woman without protector, a young girl, an old woman, a fearful or ascetic woman, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-64)

वृत्तिच्छेदं गृहच्छेदं दारच्छेदं च भारत। मित्रच्छेदं तथाशायास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६५॥

vṛtticchedaṃ gṛhacchedaṃ dāracchedaṃ ca bhārata। mitracchedaṃ tathāśāyāste vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-65॥

[वृत्तिच्छेदं (vṛtticchedaṃ) - livelihood-destruction; गृहच्छेदं (gṛhacchedaṃ) - house-destruction; दारच्छेदं (dāracchedaṃ) - wife-destruction; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; मित्रच्छेदं (mitracchedaṃ) - friend-destruction; तथा (tathā) - also; आशायाः (āśāyāḥ) - of hope; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Livelihood-destruction, house-destruction, wife-destruction and, O Bhārata, friend-destruction, also of hope; they indeed goers to hell. (13-24-65))

O Bhārata, those who destroy livelihood, home, wife, friend, and hope are indeed destined for hell. (13-24-65)

सूचकाः सन्धिभेत्तारः परवृत्त्युपजीवकाः। अकृतज्ञाश्च मित्राणां ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६६॥

sūcakāḥ sandhibhettāraḥ paravṛttyupajīvakāḥ। akṛtajñāś ca mitrāṇāṃ te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-66॥

[सूचकाः (sūcakāḥ) - informers; सन्धिभेत्तारः (sandhibhettāraḥ) - breakers of alliances; परवृत्त्युपजीवकाः (paravṛttyupajīvakāḥ) - those who subsist on others' activities; अकृतज्ञाः (akṛtajñāḥ) - ungrateful ones; च (ca) - and; मित्राणां (mitrāṇām) - of friends; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Informers, breakers of alliances, those who subsist on others' activities, ungrateful ones and of friends, they indeed goers to hell.)

Informers, breakers of alliances, those who live off others' actions, and ungrateful friends are indeed destined for hell. (13-24-66)

पाषण्डा दूषकाश्चैव समयानां च दूषकाः। ये प्रत्यवसिताश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६७॥

pāṣaṇḍā dūṣakāścaiva samayānāṃ ca dūṣakāḥ। ye pratyavasitāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-67॥

[पाषण्डाः (pāṣaṇḍāḥ) - heretics; दूषकाः (dūṣakāḥ) - corruptors; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; समयानाम् (samayānām) - of agreements; च (ca) - and; दूषकाः (dūṣakāḥ) - corruptors; ये (ye) - who; प्रत्यवसिताः (pratyavasitāḥ) - fallen; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - truly; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(heretics; corruptors; and; indeed; of agreements; and; corruptors; who; fallen; and; indeed; they; truly; goers to hell;)

Heretics, corruptors, and indeed those who corrupt agreements, and those who have fallen—these truly are goers to hell. (13-24-67)

कृताशं कृतनिर्वेशं कृतभक्तं कृतश्रमम्। भेदैर्ये व्यपकर्षन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६८॥

kṛtāśaṃ kṛtanirveśaṃ kṛtabhaktaṃ kṛtaśramam। bhedair ye vyapakarṣanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-68॥

[कृताशं (kṛtāśam) - one whose hope is fulfilled; कृतनिर्वेशं (kṛtanirveśam) - one whose payment is completed; कृतभक्तं (kṛtabhaktam) - one whose devotion is accomplished; कृतश्रमम् (kṛtaśramam) - one whose effort is completed; भेदैः (bhedaiḥ) - by divisions; ये (ye) - who; व्यपकर्षन्ति (vyapakarṣanti) - drag away; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(One whose hope is fulfilled, whose payment is completed, whose devotion is accomplished, whose effort is completed—those who drag away by divisions, they indeed are goers to hell. (13-24-68))

Those who, by means of divisions, drag away one whose hope is fulfilled, whose payment is completed, whose devotion is accomplished, and whose effort is completed—such people indeed go to hell. (13-24-68)

पर्यश्नन्ति च ये दारानग्निभृत्यातिथींस्तथा। उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६९॥

paryaśnanti ca ye dārān agnibhṛtyātithīṁs tathā। utsannapitṛdevejyās te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-69॥

[पर्यश्नन्ति (paryaśnanti) - consume all around; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those who; दारान् (dārān) - wives; अग्नि (agni) - fire; भृत्य (bhṛtya) - servants; अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests; तथा (tathā) - also; उत्सन्न (utsanna) - neglected; पितृ (pitṛ) - ancestors; देव (deva) - gods; इज्याः (ijyāḥ) - sacrifices; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Those who consume all around wives, fire, servants, guests also, neglected sacrifices to ancestors and gods, they indeed are goers to hell.)

Those who consume the resources of wives, fire, servants, and guests, and neglect sacrifices to ancestors and gods, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-69)

वेदविक्रयिणश्चैव वेदानां चैव दूषकाः। वेदानां लेखकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७०॥

vedavikrayiṇaścaiva vedānāṃ caiva dūṣakāḥ। vedānāṃ lekhakāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-70॥

[वेदविक्रयिणः (vedavikrayiṇaḥ) - sellers of the Vedas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; वेदानाम् (vedānām) - of the Vedas; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दूषकाः (dūṣakāḥ) - corruptors; वेदानाम् (vedānām) - of the Vedas; लेखकाः (lekhakāḥ) - scribes; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - truly; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Sellers of the Vedas and indeed those who corrupt the Vedas, and indeed scribes of the Vedas, they truly are goers to hell.)

Those who sell the Vedas, those who corrupt the Vedas, and even the scribes of the Vedas—indeed, all of them are destined for hell. (13-24-70)

चातुराश्रम्यबाह्याश्च श्रुतिबाह्याश्च ये नराः। विकर्मभिश्च जीवन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७१॥

cāturāśramyabāhyāś ca śrutibāhyāś ca ye narāḥ। vikarmabhiś ca jīvanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-71॥

[चातुराश्रम्यबाह्याः (cāturāśramyabāhyāḥ) - outside the four āśramas; च (ca) - and; श्रुतिबाह्याः (śrutibāhyāḥ) - outside the Vedas; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; विकर्मभिः (vikarmabhiḥ) - by improper actions; च (ca) - and; जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - live; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Those men who are outside the four āśramas and outside the Vedas, and live by improper actions, they indeed are goers to hell.)

Men who are outside the four āśramas and outside the Vedas, and who live by improper actions, certainly go to hell. (13-24-71)

केशविक्रयिका राजन्विषविक्रयिकाश्च ये। क्षीरविक्रयिकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७२॥

keśavikrayikā rājan viṣavikrayikāś ca ye। kṣīravikrayikāś caiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-72॥

[केशविक्रयिका (keśa-vikrayikā) - hair-seller (female); राजन् (rājan) - O king; विषविक्रयिकाः (viṣa-vikrayikāḥ) - poison-sellers (female); च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those; क्षीरविक्रयिकाः (kṣīra-vikrayikāḥ) - milk-sellers (female); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (niraya-gāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(hair-seller (female), O king, poison-sellers (female) and those, milk-sellers (female) and indeed, they indeed goers to hell. (13-24-72))

O king, female sellers of hair, poison, and milk—these indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-72)

ब्राह्मणानां गवां चैव कन्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। येऽन्तरं यान्ति कार्येषु ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७३॥

brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ caiva kanyānāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira। ye'ntaraṃ yānti kāryeṣu te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-73॥

[ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brāhmaṇas; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कन्यानाम् (kanyānām) - of maidens; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; ये (ye) - who; अन्तरम् (antaram) - difference; यान्ति (yānti) - go; कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in matters; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Of Brāhmaṇas, of cows, and indeed of maidens, and O Yudhiṣṭhira, who make a difference in matters, they indeed are goers to hell.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who discriminate in matters concerning Brāhmaṇas, cows, and maidens are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-73)

शस्त्रविक्रयकाश्चैव कर्तारश्च युधिष्ठिर। शल्यानां धनुषां चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७४॥

śastravikrayakāścaiva kartāraśca yudhiṣṭhira। śalyānāṃ dhanuṣāṃ caiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-74॥

[शस्त्रविक्रयकाः (śastravikrayakāḥ) - those engaged in the sale of weapons; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्तारः (kartāraḥ) - makers; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; शल्यानाम् (śalyānām) - of spears; धनुषाम् (dhanuṣām) - of bows; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - truly; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Those engaged in the sale of weapons and indeed the makers, and O Yudhiṣṭhira, of spears and of bows and indeed, they truly are goers to hell.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who sell or make weapons, spears, and bows are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-74)

शल्यैर्वा शङ्कुभिर्वापि श्वभ्रैर्वा भरतर्षभ। ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७५॥

śalyairvā śaṅkubhirvāpi śvabhrairvā bharatarṣabha। ye mārgamanurundhanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-75॥

[शल्यैः (śalyaiḥ) - with spikes; वा (vā) - or; शङ्कुभिः (śaṅkubhiḥ) - with stakes; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; श्वभ्रैः (śvabhraiḥ) - with pits; वा (vā) - or; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; ये (ye) - who; मार्गम् (mārgam) - the path; अनु (anu) - after; रुन्धन्ति (rundhanti) - obstruct; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(With spikes or with stakes also or with pits or, O bull among the Bharatas, who the path after obstruct, they indeed goers to hell.)

O bull among the Bharatas, those who obstruct the path with spikes, stakes, or pits, indeed, they are destined for hell. (13-24-75)

उपाध्यायांश्च भृत्यांश्च भक्तांश्च भरतर्षभ। ये त्यजन्त्यसमर्थांस्तांस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७६॥

upādhyāyāṁś ca bhṛtyāṁś ca bhaktāṁś ca bharatarṣabha। ye tyajanty asamarthāṁs tāṁs te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-76॥

[उपाध्यायान् (upādhyāyān) - teachers; च (ca) - and; भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants; च (ca) - and; भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devoted ones; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; ये (ye) - who; त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - abandon; असमर्थान् (asamarthān) - those who are incapable; तान् (tān) - them; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Teachers and servants and devoted ones and O bull among the Bharatas, who abandon those who are incapable, them, they indeed are goers to hell.)

O bull among the Bharatas, those who abandon teachers, servants, or devoted ones who are incapable, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-76)

अप्राप्तदमकाश्चैव नासानां वेधकास्तथा। बन्धकाश्च पशूनां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७७॥

aprāptadamakāścaiva nāsānāṃ vedhakāstathā| bandhākāśca paśūnāṃ ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-77॥

[अप्राप्तदमकाः (aprāptadamakāḥ) - those who have not obtained control; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नासानां (nāsānāṃ) - of the noses; वेधकाः (vedhakāḥ) - piercers; तथा (tathā) - also; बन्धकाः (bandhakāḥ) - binders; च (ca) - and; पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals; ये (ye) - who; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Those who have not obtained control, and indeed those who pierce the noses, also those who bind animals, who they indeed are goers to hell.)

Those who have not gained self-control, as well as those who pierce the noses of animals and those who bind them, all these indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-77)

अगोप्तारश्छलद्रव्या बलिषड्भागतत्पराः। समर्थाश्चाप्यदातारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७८॥

agoptāraś chala-dravyā bali-ṣaḍ-bhāga-tat-parāḥ। samarthāś cāpy adātāras te vai niraya-gāminaḥ ॥13-24-78॥

[अगोप्तारः (agoptāraḥ) - not-protectors; छलद्रव्या (chala-dravyā) - with-fraudulent-wealth; बलिषड्भागतत्पराः (bali-ṣaḍ-bhāga-tat-parāḥ) - engaged-in-taking-sixth-part-of-taxes; समर्थाः (samarthāḥ) - capable; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अदाता (adātāraḥ) - not-givers; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (niraya-gāminaḥ) - goers-to-hell;]

(Not-protectors, with fraudulent wealth, engaged in taking the sixth part of taxes, capable and also not-givers, they indeed go to hell.)

Those who do not protect, possess wealth acquired by fraud, are intent on taking the sixth part as tax, are capable but do not give, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-78)

क्षान्तान्दान्तांस्तथा प्राज्ञान्दीर्घकालं सहोषितान्। त्यजन्ति कृतकृत्या ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७९॥

kṣāntān dāntāṃs tathā prājñān dīrghakālaṃ sah-oṣitān। tyajanti kṛtakṛtyā ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-79॥

[क्षान्तान् (kṣāntān) - those who are patient; दान्तान् (dāntān) - those who are self-restrained; तथा (tathā) - likewise; प्राज्ञान् (prājñān) - the wise; दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time; सह (saha) - together; ओषितान् (oṣitān) - those who have lived; त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - abandon; कृतकृत्याः (kṛtakṛtyāḥ) - those who have accomplished their purpose; ये (ye) - who; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Those who are patient, self-restrained, likewise wise, who have lived together for a long time, those who have accomplished their purpose abandon (them); those indeed are goers to hell.)

Those who abandon the patient, the self-restrained, the wise, and those who have lived together for a long time and have accomplished their purpose—such people indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-79)

बालानामथ वृद्धानां दासानां चैव ये नराः। अदत्त्वा भक्षयन्त्यग्रे ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८०॥

bālānām atha vṛddhānāṃ dāsānāṃ caiva ye narāḥ। adattvā bhakṣayanty agre te vai nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-24-80॥

[बालानाम् (bālānām) - of children; अथ (atha) - and then; वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the aged; दासानाम् (dāsānām) - of servants; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ये (ye) - who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without giving; भक्षयन्ति (bhakṣayanti) - eat; अग्रे (agre) - first; ते (te) - they; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell;]

(Of children and then of the aged, of servants and indeed, who men, without giving eat first, they indeed goers to hell.)

Those men who eat first without giving to children, the aged, and servants, indeed, they are destined for hell. (13-24-80)

एते पूर्वर्षिभिर्दृष्टाः प्रोक्ता निरयगामिनः। भागिनः स्वर्गलोकस्य वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ॥१३-२४-८१॥

ete pūrvarṣibhir dṛṣṭāḥ proktā nirayagāminaḥ। bhāginaḥ svargalokasya vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha ॥13-24-81॥

[एते (ete) - these; पूर्वर्षिभिः (pūrvarṣibhiḥ) - by former seers; दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - seen; प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell; भागिनः (bhāginaḥ) - partakers; स्वर्गलोकस्य (svargalokasya) - of the heavenly world; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas;]

(These, by former seers, seen, declared, goers to hell; partakers of the heavenly world, I shall declare, O bull among the Bharatas.)

These, seen and declared by former seers as those who go to hell, I shall now tell you, O best of the Bharatas, who are the partakers of the heavenly world. (13-24-81)

सर्वेष्वेव तु कार्येषु दैवपूर्वेषु भारत। हन्ति पुत्रान्पशून्कृत्स्नान्ब्राह्मणातिक्रमः कृतः ॥१३-२४-८२॥

sarveṣveva tu kāryeṣu daivapūrveṣu bhārata। hanti putrān paśūn kṛtsnān brāhmaṇātikramaḥ kṛtaḥ ॥13-24-82॥

[सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in actions; दैवपूर्वेषु (daivapūrveṣu) - preceded by fate; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; पशून् (paśūn) - cattle; कृत्स्नान् (kṛtsnān) - all; ब्राह्मणातिक्रमः (brāhmaṇātikramaḥ) - transgression against a Brāhmaṇa; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - committed;]

(In all indeed but actions preceded by fate, O Bhārata, the transgression against a Brāhmaṇa, when committed, destroys sons, cattle, all.)

O Bhārata, in all actions that are indeed preceded by fate, the transgression against a Brāhmaṇa, when committed, destroys all—sons, cattle, everything. (13-24-82)

दानेन तपसा चैव सत्येन च युधिष्ठिर। ये धर्ममनुवर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८३॥

dānena tapasā caiva satyena ca yudhiṣṭhira। ye dharmam anuvartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-83॥

[दानेन (dānena) - by gift; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सत्येन (satyena) - by truth; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira; ये (ye) - who; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - follow; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(By gift, by austerity, and indeed by truth, and O Yudhishthira, who follow dharma, they men going to heaven.)

O Yudhishthira, those men who follow dharma through charity, austerity, and truthfulness, they go to heaven. (13-24-83)

शुश्रूषाभिस्तपोभिश्च श्रुतमादाय भारत। ये प्रतिग्रहनिःस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८४॥

śuśrūṣābhis tapobhiś ca śrutam ādāya bhārata। ye pratigraha-niḥsnehās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-84॥

[शुश्रूषाभिः (śuśrūṣābhiḥ) - by services; तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by austerities; च (ca) - and; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - that which is heard; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ये (ye) - those who; प्रतिग्रह (pratigraha) - acceptance (of gifts); निःस्नेहाः (niḥsnehāḥ) - without attachment; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(By services, by austerities, having taken that which is heard, O Bhārata, those men who are without attachment to acceptance (of gifts), they go to heaven.)

O Bhārata, those men who, having acquired knowledge through service and austerity, and who are without attachment to accepting gifts, go to heaven. (13-24-84)

भयात्पापात्तथाबाधाद्दारिद्र्याद्व्याधिधर्षणात्। यत्कृते प्रतिमुच्यन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८५॥

bhayātpāpāttathābādhāddāridryādvyādhidharṣaṇāt। yatkṛte pratimucyante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-85॥

[भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear; पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin; तथा (tathā) - also; बाधात् (bādhāt) - from affliction; दारिद्र्यात् (dāridryāt) - from poverty; व्याधि (vyādhi) - disease; धर्षणात् (dharṣaṇāt) - from oppression; यत् (yat) - which; कृते (kṛte) - for the sake of; प्रति (prati) - in return; मुच्यन्ते (mucyante) - are released; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्ग (svarga) - heaven; गामिनः (gāminaḥ) - going;]

(From fear, from sin, also from affliction, from poverty, from disease, from oppression; for the sake of which, in return, are released, those men, going to heaven.)

Those men who are released from fear, sin, affliction, poverty, disease, and oppression for this reason, go to heaven. (13-24-85)

क्षमावन्तश्च धीराश्च धर्मकार्येषु चोत्थिताः। मङ्गलाचारयुक्ताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८६॥

kṣamāvantaś ca dhīrāś ca dharmakāryeṣu ca utthitāḥ। maṅgalācārayuktāś ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-86॥

[क्षमावन्तः (kṣamāvantaḥ) - possessing forbearance; च (ca) - and; धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast; च (ca) - and; धर्मकार्येषु (dharmakāryeṣu) - in righteous acts; च (ca) - and; उत्थिताः (utthitāḥ) - risen; मङ्गलाचारयुक्ताः (maṅgalācārayuktāḥ) - endowed with auspicious conduct; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Possessing forbearance and steadfast and in righteous acts and risen, endowed with auspicious conduct and those men going to heaven.)

Those men who possess forbearance, are steadfast, rise to righteous acts, and are endowed with auspicious conduct, go to heaven. (13-24-86)

निवृत्ता मधुमांसेभ्यः परदारेभ्य एव च। निवृत्ताश्चैव मद्येभ्यस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८७॥

nivṛttā madhumāṃsebhyaḥ paradārebhya eva ca। nivṛttāścaiva madyehyaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-87॥

[निवृत्ता (nivṛttā) - turned away; मधुमांसेभ्यः (madhumāṃsebhyaḥ) - from honey and meat; परदारेभ्य (paradārebhya) - from others' wives; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - turned away; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मद्येभ्यः (madyebhyaḥ) - from intoxicating drinks; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Turned away from honey and meat, from others' wives indeed and; turned away and indeed from intoxicating drinks; those men going to heaven.)

Those men who have turned away from honey, meat, others' wives, and intoxicating drinks are destined for heaven. (13-24-87)

आश्रमाणां च कर्तारः कुलानां चैव भारत। देशानां नगराणां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८८॥

āśramāṇāṃ ca kartāraḥ kulānāṃ caiva bhārata। deśānāṃ nagarāṇāṃ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-88॥

[आश्रमाणां (āśramāṇām) - of hermitages; च (ca) - and; कर्तारः (kartāraḥ) - creators; कुलानां (kulānām) - of families; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; देशानां (deśānām) - of countries; नगराणां (nagarāṇām) - of cities; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Of hermitages and creators, of families and indeed, O Bhārata, of countries, of cities and those men going to heaven.)

O Bhārata, those men who are creators of hermitages, families, countries, and cities, they go to heaven. (13-24-88)

वस्त्राभरणदातारो भक्षपानान्नदास्तथा। कुटुम्बानां च दातारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८९॥

vastrābharaṇadātāro bhakṣapānānnadāstathā। kuṭumbānāṃ ca dātāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-89॥

[वस्त्र (vastra) - cloth; आभरण (ābharaṇa) - ornament; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; भक्ष (bhakṣa) - food; पान (pāna) - drink; अन्न (anna) - grain; दाः (dāḥ) - givers; तथा (tathā) - likewise; कुटुम्बानां (kuṭumbānāṃ) - of families; च (ca) - and; दाता (dātā) - giver; अस्ते (aste) - are; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Cloth, ornament givers, food, drink, grain givers likewise; of families and giver are men going to heaven.)

Those men who give cloth and ornaments, and likewise those who give food, drink, and grain, and those who provide for families, they go to heaven. (13-24-89)

सर्वहिंसानिवृत्ताश्च नराः सर्वसहाश्च ये। सर्वस्याश्रयभूताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९०॥

sarvahinsānivṛttāś ca narāḥ sarvasahāś ca ye। sarvasyāśrayabhūtāś ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-90॥

[सर्वहिंसा (sarvahimsā) - all-injury; निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - turned-away; च (ca) - and; नराः (narāḥ) - men; सर्वसहाः (sarvasahāḥ) - all-enduring; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all; आश्रयभूताः (āśrayabhūtāḥ) - become a refuge; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(All-injury turned-away and men all-enduring and who of all become a refuge and those men going to heaven.)

Those men who have turned away from all injury, who endure everything, and who have become a refuge for all, those men go to heaven. (13-24-90)

मातरं पितरं चैव शुश्रूषन्ति जितेन्द्रियाः। भ्रातॄणां चैव सस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९१॥

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ caiva śuśrūṣanti jitendriyāḥ। bhrātṝṇāṃ caiva sasnehāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-91॥

[मातरम् (mātaram) - mother (accusative singular); पितरम् (pitaram) - father (accusative singular); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शुश्रूषन्ति (śuśrūṣanti) - serve; जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - those who have conquered the senses; भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of brothers; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सस्नेहाः (sasnehāḥ) - with affection; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Mother father and indeed serve those who have conquered the senses; of brothers and indeed with affection those men going to heaven;)

Those men who have conquered their senses serve their mother and father, and are affectionate towards their brothers; such men go to heaven. (13-24-91)

आढ्याश्च बलवन्तश्च यौवनस्थाश्च भारत। ये वै जितेन्द्रिया धीरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९२॥

āḍhyāś ca balavantaś ca yauvanasthāś ca bhārata। ye vai jitendriyā dhīrās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-92॥

[आढ्याः (āḍhyāḥ) - wealthy ones; च (ca) - and; बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - strong ones; च (ca) - and; यौवनस्थाः (yauvanasthāḥ) - those in youth; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; ये (ye) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; जितेन्द्रियाः (jitendriyāḥ) - those who have conquered the senses; धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast ones; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]

(Wealthy ones and strong ones and those in youth and, O Bhārata, who indeed have conquered the senses, steadfast ones, they men goers to heaven.)

O Bhārata, even among the wealthy, the strong, and the youthful, only those men who are steadfast and have conquered their senses truly go to heaven. (13-24-92)

अपराद्धेषु सस्नेहा मृदवो मित्रवत्सलाः। आराधनसुखाश्चापि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९३॥

aparāddheṣu sasnehā mṛdavo mitravatsalāḥ। ārādhanasukhāś cāpi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-93॥

[अपराद्धेषु (aparāddheṣu) - in those who have committed faults; सस्नेहा (sasnehā) - with affection; मृदवः (mṛdavaḥ) - gentle; मित्रवत्सलाः (mitravatsalāḥ) - loving friends; आराधनसुखाः (ārādhanasukhāḥ) - delighting in service; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(In those who have committed faults, with affection, gentle, loving friends, delighting in service, and also those men go to heaven.)

Those men who are affectionate even towards those who have committed faults, gentle, loving as friends, and who delight in serving others, they go to heaven. (13-24-93)

सहस्रपरिवेष्टारस्तथैव च सहस्रदाः। त्रातारश्च सहस्राणां पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९४॥

sahasrapariveṣṭārastathaiva ca sahasradāḥ। trātāraśca sahasrāṇāṃ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-94॥

[सहस्र (sahasra) - thousand; परिवेष्टारः (pariveṣṭāraḥ) - encompassers; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; सहस्रदाः (sahasradāḥ) - givers of thousands; त्रातारः (trātāraḥ) - protectors; च (ca) - and; सहस्राणां (sahasrāṇām) - of thousands; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Thousand encompassers, in the same way and givers of thousands; and protectors of thousands, men going to heaven. (13-24-94))

Those who encompass a thousand, likewise those who give thousands, and those who are protectors of thousands—such men go to heaven. (13-24-94)

सुवर्णस्य च दातारो गवां च भरतर्षभ। यानानां वाहनानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९५॥

suvarṇasya ca dātāro gavāṃ ca bharatarṣabha। yānānāṃ vāhanānāṃ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-95॥

[सुवर्णस्य (suvarṇasya) - of gold; च (ca) - and; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; यानानाम् (yānānām) - of vehicles; वाहनानाम् (vāhanānām) - of conveyances; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Of gold and givers, of cows and O bull among the Bharatas, of vehicles, of conveyances and those men going to heaven.)

O bull among the Bharatas, those men who are givers of gold, cows, vehicles, and conveyances go to heaven. (13-24-95)

वैवाहिकानां कन्यानां प्रेष्याणां च युधिष्ठिर। दातारो वाससां चैव ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९६॥

vaivāhikānāṃ kanyānāṃ preṣyāṇāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira। dātāro vāsasāṃ caiva te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-96॥

[वैवाहिकानां (vaivāhikānāṃ) - of those given in marriage; कन्यानां (kanyānāṃ) - of maidens; प्रेष्याणां (preṣyāṇāṃ) - of servants; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; वाससाम् (vāsasām) - of garments; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]

(Of those given in marriage, of maidens, of servants and, O Yudhiṣṭhira, givers of garments and indeed those men are goers to heaven.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who give garments to maidens given in marriage and to servants, indeed, they go to heaven. (13-24-96)

विहारावसथोद्यानकूपारामसभाप्रदाः। वप्राणां चैव कर्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९७॥

vihārāvasathodyānakūpārāmasabhāpradāḥ। vaprāṇāṃ caiva kartāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-97॥

[विहार (vihāra) - monastery; place of recreation; आवसथ (āvasatha) - dwelling; residence; उद्यान (udyāna) - garden; park; कूप (kūpa) - well; water-well; आराम (ārāma) - pleasure-grove; garden; सभा (sabhā) - assembly-hall; council; प्रदाः (pradāḥ) - givers; donors; वप्राणां (vaprāṇāṃ) - of embankments; of ramparts; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; also; कर्तारः (kartāraḥ) - makers; creators; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; people; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven; attaining heaven;]

(Givers of monasteries, dwellings, gardens, wells, pleasure-groves, assembly-halls; and also makers of embankments—these men go to heaven. (13-24-97))

Those who give monasteries, dwellings, gardens, wells, pleasure-groves, and assembly-halls, and those who construct embankments—these men attain heaven. (13-24-97)

निवेशनानां क्षेत्राणां वसतीनां च भारत। दातारः प्रार्थितानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९८॥

niveśanānāṃ kṣetrāṇāṃ vasatīnāṃ ca bhārata। dātāraḥ prārthitānāṃ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-98॥

[निवेशनानां (niveśanānāṃ) - of dwellings; क्षेत्राणां (kṣetrāṇāṃ) - of fields; वसतीनां (vasatīnāṃ) - of habitations; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; प्रार्थितानां (prārthitānāṃ) - of those requested; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]

(Of dwellings, of fields, of habitations and, O Bhārata, givers of those requested and those men goers to heaven.)

O Bhārata, those men who give dwellings, fields, and habitations as requested are destined for heaven. (13-24-98)

रसानामथ बीजानां धान्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। स्वयमुत्पाद्य दातारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९९॥

rasānām atha bījānāṃ dhānyānāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira। svayam utpādya dātāraḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-99॥

[रसानाम् (rasānām) - of juices; (liquids, saps); अथ (atha) - then; बीजानाम् (bījānām) - of seeds; धान्यानाम् (dhānyānām) - of grains; च (ca) - and; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself; by oneself; उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - having produced; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; donors; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; persons; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(Of juices, then of seeds, of grains and, O Yudhiṣṭhira, having produced by oneself, the givers, men, go to heaven.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who, having produced juices, seeds, and grains by themselves, give them away as donors, go to heaven. (13-24-99)

यस्मिन्कस्मिन्कुले जाता बहुपुत्राः शतायुषः। सानुक्रोशा जितक्रोधाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-१००॥

yasminkasminkule jātā bahuputrāḥ śatāyuṣaḥ। sānukrośā jitakrodhāḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-24-100॥

[यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which; कुले (kule) - in family; जाता (jātā) - born; बहुपुत्राः (bahuputrāḥ) - having many sons; शतायुषः (śatāyuṣaḥ) - of hundred years of life; सानुक्रोशाः (sānukrośāḥ) - compassionate; जितक्रोधाः (jitakrodhāḥ) - having conquered anger; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]

(In whichever family are born men having many sons, of hundred years of life, compassionate, having conquered anger, going to heaven.)

In whichever family men are born who have many sons, live a hundred years, are compassionate, have conquered anger, and are destined for heaven. (13-24-100)

एतदुक्तममुत्रार्थं दैवं पित्र्यं च भारत। धर्माधर्मौ च दानस्य यथा पूर्वर्षिभिः कृतौ ॥१३-२४-१०१॥

etad uktam amutra-artham daivam pitryam ca bhārata। dharma-adharmau ca dānasya yathā pūrvaṛṣibhiḥ kṛtau ॥13-24-101॥

[एतत् (etat) - this; उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken; अमुत्रार्थम् (amutra-artham) - for the other-worldly purpose; दैवम् (daivam) - divine; पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - ancestral; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; धर्माधर्मौ (dharma-adharmau) - righteousness and unrighteousness; च (ca) - and; दानस्य (dānasya) - of gift; यथा (yathā) - as; पूर्वर्षिभिः (pūrvaṛṣibhiḥ) - by former sages; कृतौ (kṛtau) - were done;]

(This spoken for the other-worldly purpose, divine, ancestral, and O Bhārata, righteousness and unrighteousness and of gift, as by former sages were done.)

O Bhārata, this has been spoken regarding the other-worldly purpose, the divine and ancestral (rites), and the righteousness and unrighteousness of giving, as was done by the former sages. (13-24-101)