13.047
रिक्थविभागः
rikthavibhāgaḥ
[रिक्थ (riktha) - inheritance; विभागः (vibhāgaḥ) - division;]
(inheritance division)
Division of inheritance
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
सर्वशास्त्रविधानज्ञ राजधर्मार्थवित्तम। अतीव संशयच्छेत्ता भवान्वै प्रथितः क्षितौ ॥१३-४७-१॥
sarvaśāstravidhānajña rājadharmārthavittam। atīva saṃśayacchettā bhavānvai prathitaḥ kṣitau ॥13-47-1॥
[सर्व (sarva) - all; शास्त्र (śāstra) - scriptures; विधान (vidhāna) - ordinances; ज्ञ (jña) - knower; राज (rāja) - king; धर्म (dharma) - duty; अर्थ (artha) - purpose; वित्त (vitta) - knower; अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly; संशय (saṃśaya) - doubt; च्छेत्ता (cchēttā) - remover; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - renowned; क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on earth;]
(Knower of all scripture ordinances, knower of kingly duty and purpose, exceedingly remover of doubt, you indeed renowned on earth.)
You are renowned on earth as the knower of all scriptural ordinances, the one who knows the king's duty and purpose, and as one who exceedingly removes doubts. (13-47-1)
कश्चित्तु संशयो मेऽस्ति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह। अस्यामापदि कष्टायामन्यं पृच्छाम कं वयम् ॥१३-४७-२॥
kaścittu saṁśayo me'sti tanme brūhi pitāmaha। asyām āpadi kaṣṭāyām anyaṁ pṛcchāma kaṁ vayam ॥13-47-2॥
[कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone; तु (tu) - but; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; मे (me) - my; अस्ति (asti) - is; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; अस्याम् (asyām) - in this; आपदि (āpadi) - calamity; कष्टायाम् (kaṣṭāyām) - difficult; अन्यं (anyaṁ) - other; पृच्छाम (pṛcchāma) - we ask; कं (kaṁ) - whom; वयम् (vayam) - we;]
(But some doubt is mine; that to me tell, O grandsire. In this difficult calamity, whom else do we ask, we? (13-47-2))
But I have a certain doubt; please tell me that, O grandsire. In this difficult calamity, whom else shall we ask? (13-47-2)
यथा नरेण कर्तव्यं यश्च धर्मः सनातनः। एतत्सर्वं महाबाहो भवान्व्याख्यातुमर्हति ॥१३-४७-३॥
yathā nareṇa kartavyaṃ yaś ca dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ। etat sarvaṃ mahābāho bhavān vyākhyātum arhati ॥13-47-3॥
[यथा (yathā) - as; in what manner; नरेण (nareṇa) - by a man; कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṃ) - what is to be done; duty; यः (yaḥ) - which; who; च (ca) - and; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; law; duty; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; एतत् (etat) - this; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; everything; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; भवान् (bhavān) - you; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; ought;]
(As by a man what is to be done, and which righteousness is eternal, this all, O mighty-armed, you ought to explain.)
O mighty-armed one, you ought to explain all this: what should be done by a man, and which righteousness is eternal. (13-47-3)
चतस्रो विहिता भार्या ब्राह्मणस्य पितामह। ब्राह्मणी क्षत्रिया वैश्या शूद्रा च रतिमिच्छतः ॥१३-४७-४॥
catasro vihitā bhāryā brāhmaṇasya pitāmaha. brāhmaṇī kṣatriyā vaiśyā śūdrā ca ratim icchataḥ ॥13-47-4॥
[चतस्रो (catasraḥ) - four (feminine); विहिता (vihitāḥ) - prescribed; भार्या (bhāryāḥ) - wives; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather; ब्राह्मणी (brāhmaṇī) - brāhmaṇa woman; क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - kṣatriya woman; वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - vaiśya woman; शूद्रा (śūdrā) - śūdra woman; च (ca) - and; रतिम् (ratim) - pleasure; इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - desiring;]
(Four prescribed wives of a brāhmaṇa, O grandfather: brāhmaṇa woman, kṣatriya woman, vaiśya woman, śūdra woman and pleasure desiring.)
O grandfather, four wives are prescribed for a brāhmaṇa: a brāhmaṇa woman, a kṣatriya woman, a vaiśya woman, and a śūdra woman, for one who desires pleasure. (13-47-4)
तत्र जातेषु पुत्रेषु सर्वासां कुरुसत्तम। आनुपूर्व्येण कस्तेषां पित्र्यं दायाद्यमर्हति ॥१३-४७-५॥
tatra jāteṣu putreṣu sarvāsāṃ kurusattama। ānupūrvyeṇa kas teṣāṃ pitryaṃ dāyādyam arhati ॥13-47-5॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; जातेषु (jāteṣu) - having been born; पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among sons; सर्वासां (sarvāsāṃ) - of all (women); कुरुसत्तम (kurusattama) - O best of the Kurus; आनुपूर्व्येण (ānupūrvyeṇa) - in order of succession; कः (kaḥ) - who; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - paternal (inheritance); दायाद्यम् (dāyādyam) - right to inheritance; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(There, among the sons born of all (women), O best of the Kurus, in order of succession, who of them deserves the paternal right to inheritance?)
O best of the Kurus, among all the sons born there, who, according to the order of succession, deserves the paternal inheritance? (13-47-5)
केन वा किं ततो हार्यं पितृवित्तात्पितामह। एतदिच्छामि कथितं विभागस्तेषु यः स्मृतः ॥१३-४७-६॥
kena vā kiṁ tato hāryaṁ pitṛvittātpitāmaha। etadicchāmi kathitaṁ vibhāgasteṣu yaḥ smṛtaḥ ॥13-47-6॥
[केन (kena) - by whom; वा (vā) - or; किं (kiṁ) - what; ततः (tataḥ) - from that; हार्यं (hāryam) - to be taken away; पितृवित्तात् (pitṛvittāt) - from the father's wealth; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather; एतत् (etat) - this; इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish; कथितं (kathitam) - to be told; विभागः (vibhāgaḥ) - division; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; यः (yaḥ) - which; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered;]
(By whom or what from that is to be taken away from the father's wealth, O grandfather? This I wish to be told, the division among them which is remembered.)
O grandfather, by whom and what may be taken from the father's wealth? I wish to hear this: what division among them is prescribed. (13-47-6)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः। एतेषु विहितो धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-७॥
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ। eteṣu vihito dharmo brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-7॥
[ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - kṣatriya; वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - vaiśya; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes; द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born; एतेषु (eteṣu) - among these; विहितः (vihitaḥ) - prescribed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya—three classes, twice-born; among these, prescribed duty of the brāhmaṇa, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, the brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, and vaiśya are the three twice-born classes; among these, the prescribed duty is that of the brāhmaṇa. (13-47-7)
वैषम्यादथ वा लोभात्कामाद्वापि परन्तप। ब्राह्मणस्य भवेच्छूद्रा न तु दृष्टान्ततः स्मृता ॥१३-४७-८॥
vaiṣamyād atha vā lobhāt kāmād vā api parantapa। brāhmaṇasya bhavet śūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā ॥13-47-8॥
[वैषम्यात् (vaiṣamyāt) - from inequality; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; परन्तप (parantapa) - O scorcher of foes; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brāhmaṇa; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; शूद्रा (śūdrā) - a Śūdrā (woman of the Śūdra caste); न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; दृष्टान्ततः (dṛṣṭāntataḥ) - according to precedent; स्मृता (smṛtā) - is regarded;]
(From inequality or or from greed, from desire or also, O scorcher of foes, of a Brāhmaṇa may become a Śūdrā, not but according to precedent is regarded.)
O Parantapa, due to inequality, or greed, or desire, or even otherwise, a Brāhmaṇa's daughter may become a Śūdrā; but she is not considered so according to precedent. (13-47-8)
शूद्रां शयनमारोप्य ब्राह्मणः पीडितो भवेत्। प्रायश्चित्तीयते चापि विधिदृष्टेन हेतुना ॥१३-४७-९॥
śūdrāṃ śayanam āropya brāhmaṇaḥ pīḍito bhavet. prāyaścittīyate cāpi vidhidṛṣṭena hetunā ॥13-47-9॥
[शूद्रां (śūdrām) - a Śūdra woman (accusative singular); शयनम् (śayanam) - bed; आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed upon; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa (nominative singular); पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - afflicted; भवेत् (bhavet) - would become; प्रायश्चित्तीयते (prāyaścittīyate) - atonement is prescribed; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; विधिदृष्टेन (vidhidṛṣṭena) - by what is prescribed by rule; हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason;]
(Having placed a Śūdra woman on the bed, a Brāhmaṇa would become afflicted. Atonement is prescribed also by the reason prescribed by rule. (13-47-9))
If a Brāhmaṇa places a Śūdra woman on his bed, he becomes afflicted; atonement must be performed according to the prescribed rule for this reason. (13-47-9)
तत्र जातेष्वपत्येषु द्विगुणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर। अतस्ते नियमं वित्ते सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि भारत ॥१३-४७-१०॥
tatra jāteṣvapatyeṣu dviguṇaṃ syādyudhiṣṭhira. ataste niyamaṃ vitte sampravakṣyāmi bhārata ॥13-47-10॥
[तत्र (tatra) - there; in that case; जातेषु (jāteṣu) - born; arisen; अपत्येषु (apatyeṣu) - among offspring; among children; द्विगुणं (dviguṇam) - double; twofold; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; may be; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; hence; ते (te) - to you; for you; नियमं (niyamaṃ) - rule; regulation; वित्ते (vitte) - regarding wealth; in wealth; सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि (sampravakṣyāmi) - I shall fully declare; I will explain; भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata;]
(There, among offspring born, double should be, O Yudhiṣṭhira. Therefore, to you, the rule regarding wealth I shall fully declare, O descendant of Bharata. (13-47-10))
In that case, among children who are born, the share should be double, O Yudhiṣṭhira. Therefore, O descendant of Bharata, I will now explain to you the rule regarding wealth. (13-47-10)
लक्षण्यो गोवृषो यानं यत्प्रधानतमं भवेत्। ब्राह्मण्यास्तद्धरेत्पुत्र एकांशं वै पितुर्धनात् ॥१३-४७-११॥
lakṣaṇyo govṛṣo yānaṃ yatpradhānatamaṃ bhavet। brāhmaṇyās taddharet putra ekāṃśaṃ vai pitur dhanāt ॥13-47-11॥
[लक्षण्यः (lakṣaṇyaḥ) - distinguished; possessing marks; गोवृषः (govṛṣaḥ) - bull; ox; यानम् (yānam) - vehicle; conveyance; यत् (yat) - which; प्रधानतमम् (pradhānatamam) - most excellent; most important; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; may be; ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of the Brāhmaṇī; of the Brāhmaṇa wife; तत् (tat) - that; हरेत् (haret) - should take; should receive; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; एकांशम् (ekāṃśam) - one part; one share; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धनात् (dhanāt) - from the wealth; from the property;]
(A distinguished bull as a vehicle, which should be the most excellent, the son of the Brāhmaṇa wife should indeed take that one share from the father's wealth.)
The son born of the Brāhmaṇa wife should take as his share from the father's wealth a distinguished bull as a vehicle, which is the most excellent, and one portion. (13-47-11)
शेषं तु दशधा कार्यं ब्राह्मणस्वं युधिष्ठिर। तत्र तेनैव हर्तव्याश्चत्वारोंऽशाः पितुर्धनात् ॥१३-४७-१२॥
śeṣaṃ tu daśadhā kāryaṃ brāhmaṇasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira। tatra tenaiva hartavyāś catvāro'ṃśāḥ pitur dhanāt ॥13-47-12॥
[शेषं (śeṣam) - remaining; तु (tu) - but; दशधा (daśadhā) - into ten parts; कार्यं (kāryam) - should be made; ब्राह्मणस्वं (brāhmaṇasvam) - Brahmin's share; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; तत्र (tatra) - there; तेनैव (tenaiva) - by him only; हर्तव्याः (hartavyāḥ) - should be taken; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; अंशाः (aṃśāḥ) - parts; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धनात् (dhanāt) - from the wealth;]
(The remaining, but, into ten parts, should be made, Brahmin's share, Yudhishthira. There, by him only, should be taken, four parts, from the father's wealth.)
O Yudhishthira, the remainder should be divided into ten parts as the Brahmin's share. Of these, four parts should be taken by him alone from the father's wealth. (13-47-12)
क्षत्रियायास्तु यः पुत्रो ब्राह्मणः सोऽप्यसंशयः। स तु मातृविशेषेण त्रीनंशान्हर्तुमर्हति ॥१३-४७-१३॥
kṣatriyāyāstu yaḥ putro brāhmaṇaḥ so'pyasaṁśayaḥ। sa tu mātṛ-viśeṣeṇa trīn aṁśān hartum arhati ॥13-47-13॥
[क्षत्रियायाः (kṣatriyāyāḥ) - of a kṣatriya woman; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; असंशयः (asaṁśayaḥ) - without doubt; सः (saḥ) - he; तु (tu) - but; मातृविशेषेण (mātṛ-viśeṣeṇa) - by the distinction of the mother; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; अंशान् (aṁśān) - parts; हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled;]
(But the son who is a brāhmaṇa of a kṣatriya woman, he also, without doubt; he, but, by the distinction of the mother, is entitled to take three parts.)
But the son who is a brāhmaṇa born of a kṣatriya woman, he too, without doubt, is entitled to take three shares by virtue of his mother's status. (13-47-13)
वर्णे तृतीये जातस्तु वैश्यायां ब्राह्मणादपि। द्विरंशस्तेन हर्तव्यो ब्राह्मणस्वाद्युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-१४॥
varṇe tṛtīye jātastu vaiśyāyāṃ brāhmaṇādapi। dvir aṃśas tena hartavyo brāhmaṇasvādyudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-14॥
[वर्णे (varṇe) - in the caste; तृतीये (tṛtīye) - third; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; तु (tu) - but; वैश्यायां (vaiśyāyāṃ) - from a Vaiśyā woman; ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a Brāhmaṇa; अपि (api) - even; द्वि-अंशः (dvi-aṃśaḥ) - two parts; तेन (tena) - by him; हर्तव्यः (hartavyaḥ) - should be taken; ब्राह्मणस्वात् (brāhmaṇasvāt) - from Brāhmaṇa's wealth; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(In the third caste, born but from a Vaiśyā woman and from a Brāhmaṇa even, two parts by him should be taken from Brāhmaṇa's wealth, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, one born in the third caste, that is, from a Brāhmaṇa father and a Vaiśyā mother, should take two shares from the Brāhmaṇa's wealth. (13-47-14)
शूद्रायां ब्राह्मणाज्जातो नित्यादेयधनः स्मृतः। अल्पं वापि प्रदातव्यं शूद्रापुत्राय भारत ॥१३-४७-१५॥
śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto nityādeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ। alpaṃ vāpi pradātavyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ॥13-47-15॥
[शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a Śūdra woman; ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a Brāhmaṇa; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; नित्य (nitya) - always; अदेय (adeya) - not to be given; धनः (dhanaḥ) - wealth; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; अल्पम् (alpam) - little; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be given; शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - to the son of a Śūdra woman; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(In a Śūdra woman, from a Brāhmaṇa, born, always, not to be given, wealth, is considered. Little or even should be given to the son of a Śūdra woman, O Bhārata. (13-47-15))
O Bhārata, the son born from a Brāhmaṇa and a Śūdra woman is always considered as one to whom wealth should not be given. Even a little should be given to the son of a Śūdra woman. (13-47-15)
दशधा प्रविभक्तस्य धनस्यैष भवेत्क्रमः। सवर्णासु तु जातानां समान्भागान्प्रकल्पयेत् ॥१३-४७-१६॥
daśadhā pravibhaktasya dhanasya eṣa bhavet kramaḥ। savarṇāsu tu jātānāṃ samān bhāgān prakalpayet ॥13-47-16॥
[दशधा (daśadhā) - in ten ways; प्रविभक्तस्य (pravibhaktasya) - of that which is divided; धनस्य (dhanasya) - of wealth; एष (eṣa) - this; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; क्रमः (kramaḥ) - the order; सवर्णासु (savarṇāsu) - among those of the same caste (feminine plural); तु (tu) - but; जातानां (jātānāṃ) - of those born; समान् (samān) - equal; भागान् (bhāgān) - shares; प्रकल्पयेत् (prakalpayet) - should allot;]
(In ten ways of that which is divided, of wealth, this should be the order. Among those of the same caste but of those born, equal shares should allot. (13-47-16))
This is the order for wealth divided in ten ways. Among those born of the same caste, equal shares should be allotted. (13-47-16)
अब्राह्मणं तु मन्यन्ते शूद्रापुत्रमनैपुणात्। त्रिषु वर्णेषु जातो हि ब्राह्मणाद्ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ॥१३-४७-१७॥
abrāhmaṇaṃ tu manyante śūdrāputramanaipuṇāt। triṣu varṇeṣu jāto hi brāhmaṇādbrāhmaṇo bhavet ॥13-47-17॥
[अब्राह्मणम् (abrāhmaṇam) - not a brāhmaṇa; तु (tu) - but; मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider; शूद्रापुत्रम् (śūdrāputram) - son of a śūdra; अनैपुणात् (anaipuṇāt) - from lack of skill; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three; वर्णेषु (varṇeṣu) - castes; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; हि (hi) - indeed; ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a brāhmaṇa; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become;]
(But they consider not a brāhmaṇa, the son of a śūdra, from lack of skill. Indeed, among the three castes, one born from a brāhmaṇa may become a brāhmaṇa. (13-47-17))
But they consider the son of a śūdra, due to lack of skill, as not a brāhmaṇa. Indeed, among the three castes, one born from a brāhmaṇa may become a brāhmaṇa. (13-47-17)
स्मृता वर्णाश्च चत्वारः पञ्चमो नाधिगम्यते। हरेत्तु दशमं भागं शूद्रापुत्रः पितुर्धनात् ॥१३-४७-१८॥
smṛtā varṇāś ca catvāraḥ pañcamo nādhigamyate। haret tu daśamaṃ bhāgaṃ śūdrāputraḥ pitur dhanāt ॥13-47-18॥
[स्मृता (smṛtā) - remembered; वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes; च (ca) - and; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - fifth; न (na) - not; अधिगम्यते (adhigamyate) - is attained; हरेत् (haret) - should take; तु (tu) - but; दशमम् (daśamam) - tenth; भागम् (bhāgam) - portion; शूद्रापुत्रः (śūdrāputraḥ) - son of a śūdra; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धनात् (dhanāt) - from the wealth;]
(Remembered classes and four; fifth not is attained; should take but tenth portion son of a śūdra of the father from the wealth;)
It is remembered that there are four classes; a fifth is not recognized. But the son of a śūdra should take a tenth portion from the father's wealth. (13-47-18)
तत्तु दत्तं हरेत्पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमर्हति। अवश्यं हि धनं देयं शूद्रापुत्राय भारत ॥१३-४७-१९॥
tattu dattaṃ haretpitrā nādattaṃ hartumarhati। avaśyaṃ hi dhanaṃ deyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ॥13-47-19॥
[तत् (tat) - that; तु (tu) - but; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; हरेत् (haret) - should take away; पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; न (na) - not; अदत्तं (adattaṃ) - not given; हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take away; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; अवश्यं (avaśyaṃ) - certainly; हि (hi) - indeed; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; देयं (deyaṃ) - should be given; शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - to the son of a śūdra woman; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(But that which is given, the father may take away; that which is not given, he is not worthy to take away. Certainly, indeed, wealth should be given to the son of a śūdra woman, O Bhārata. (13-47-19))
But what has been given, the father may reclaim; what has not been given, he is not entitled to take. Certainly, wealth must be given to the son of a śūdra woman, O Bhārata. (13-47-19)
आनृशंस्यं परो धर्म इति तस्मै प्रदीयते। यत्र तत्र समुत्पन्नो गुणायैवोपकल्पते ॥१३-४७-२०॥
ānṛśaṁsyaṁ paro dharma iti tasmai pradīyate। yatra tatra samutpanno guṇāyaivopakalpate ॥13-47-20॥
[आनृशंस्यं (ānṛśaṁsyaṁ) - non-cruelty; compassion; परः (paraḥ) - supreme; highest; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; righteousness; इति (iti) - thus; so; तस्मै (tasmai) - to that; to him; प्रदीयते (pradīyate) - is given; is bestowed; यत्र (yatra) - where; तत्र (tatra) - there; समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - arisen; produced; गुणाय (guṇāya) - for virtue; for quality; एव (eva) - indeed; only; उपकल्पते (upakalpate) - is suited; is fit;]
(Non-cruelty supreme duty thus to that is given. Where there arisen for virtue indeed is suited. (13-47-20))
Non-cruelty is said to be the highest duty; to him it is given. Wherever it arises, it is indeed suited for virtue. (13-47-20)
यदि वाप्येकपुत्रः स्यादपुत्रो यदि वा भवेत्। नाधिकं दशमाद्दद्याच्छूद्रापुत्राय भारत ॥१३-४७-२१॥
yadi vāpy ekaputraḥ syād aputro yadi vā bhavet। nādhikaṃ daśamād dadyāc chūdrāputrāya bhārata ॥13-47-21॥
[यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; एकपुत्रः (ekaputraḥ) - having one son; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; अपुत्रः (aputraḥ) - sonless; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; न (na) - not; अधिकं (adhikaṃ) - more; दशमात् (daśamāt) - than a tenth; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - to the son of a śūdra woman; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(If or also having one son may be, sonless if or may be; not more than a tenth should give to the son of a śūdra woman, O Bhārata;)
If there is only one son, or if there is no son, then, O Bhārata, not more than a tenth should be given to the son of a śūdra woman. (13-47-21)
त्रैवार्षिकाद्यदा भक्तादधिकं स्याद्द्विजस्य तु। यजेत तेन द्रव्येण न वृथा साधयेद्धनम् ॥१३-४७-२२॥
traivārṣikādyadā bhaktāddhikaṃ syāddvijasya tu। yajeta tena dravyeṇa na vṛthā sādhayed dhanam ॥13-47-22॥
[त्रैवार्षिकात् (traivārṣikāt) - from the triennial (sacrifice); यदा (yadā) - when; भक्तात् (bhaktāt) - from the share (offering); अधिकम् (adhikam) - more; स्यात् (syāt) - there is; द्विजस्य (dvijasya) - of the twice-born; तु (tu) - but; यजेत (yajeta) - he should sacrifice; तेन (tena) - with that; द्रव्येण (dravyeṇa) - by the means (wealth); न (na) - not; वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain; साधयेत् (sādhayet) - he should accomplish; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth;]
(From the triennial (sacrifice), when there is more from the share for the twice-born, but, he should sacrifice with that means, not in vain should he accomplish wealth.)
When a twice-born has more than the share from the triennial sacrifice, he should use that wealth for sacrifice; he should not accumulate wealth in vain. (13-47-22)
त्रिसाहस्रपरो दायः स्त्रियो देयो धनस्य वै। तच्च भर्त्रा धनं दत्तं नादत्तं भोक्तुमर्हति ॥१३-४७-२३॥
trisāhasraparo dāyaḥ striyo deyo dhanasya vai। tacca bhartrā dhanaṃ dattaṃ nādattaṃ bhoktum arhati ॥13-47-23॥
[त्रि (tri) - three; साहस्र (sāhasra) - thousand; परो (paraḥ) - exceeding; दायः (dāyaḥ) - share (of inheritance); स्त्रियो (striyaḥ) - women; देयः (deyaḥ) - should be given; धनस्य (dhanasya) - of wealth; वै (vai) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by the husband; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; न (na) - not; आदत्तम् (ādattaṃ) - taken back; भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to enjoy; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled;]
(A share exceeding three thousand should indeed be given of wealth to women; and that wealth given by the husband is not to be taken back to enjoy.)
A share of wealth exceeding three thousand should indeed be given to women; and the wealth given by the husband is not to be taken back for enjoyment. (13-47-23)
स्त्रीणां तु पतिदायाद्यमुपभोगफलं स्मृतम्। नापहारं स्त्रियः कुर्युः पतिवित्तात्कथञ्चन ॥१३-४७-२४॥
strīṇāṃ tu patidāyādyamupabhogaphalaṃ smṛtam। nāpahāraṃ striyaḥ kuryuḥ pativittātkathaṃcana ॥13-47-24॥
[स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women; तु (tu) - but; पतिदायाद्यम् (patidāyādyam) - husband's inheritance; उपभोगफलं (upabhogaphalam) - fruit of enjoyment; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered; न (na) - not; अपहारम् (apahāram) - taking away; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should do; पतिवित्तात् (pativittāt) - from husband's wealth; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way;]
(Of women but husband's inheritance fruit of enjoyment is remembered; not taking away women should do from husband's wealth in any way;)
But for women, the husband's inheritance is considered as the fruit of enjoyment; women should not in any way take away from the husband's wealth. (13-47-24)
स्त्रियास्तु यद्भवेद्वित्तं पित्रा दत्तं युधिष्ठिर। ब्राह्मण्यास्तद्धरेत्कन्या यथा पुत्रस्तथा हि सा ॥ सा हि पुत्रसमा राजन्विहिता कुरुनन्दन ॥१३-४७-२५॥
striyāstu yadbhavedvittaṁ pitrā dattaṁ yudhiṣṭhira। brāhmaṇyāstad dharet kanyā yathā putras tathā hi sā ॥ sā hi putrasamā rājan vihitā kurunandana ॥13-47-25॥
[स्त्रियाः (striyāḥ) - of women; तु (tu) - but; यत् (yat) - whatever; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; वित्तं (vittaṁ) - wealth; पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; दत्तं (dattaṁ) - given; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira; ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of a Brahmin woman; तत् (tat) - that; हरेत् (haret) - should take; कन्या (kanyā) - the daughter; यथा (yathā) - just as; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son; तथा (tathā) - so; हि (hi) - indeed; सा (sā) - she; सा (sā) - she; हि (hi) - indeed; पुत्रसमा (putrasamā) - equal to a son; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विहिता (vihitā) - established; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus;]
(But whatever wealth may be given by the father to women, O Yudhishthira, that the daughter of a Brahmin woman should take, just as the son, so indeed is she. She indeed, O king, is established as equal to a son, O delight of the Kurus. (13-47-25))
O Yudhishthira, whatever wealth is given by the father to women, the daughter of a Brahmin woman should take that, just as a son would, for she is indeed like a son. O king, she is established as equal to a son, O delight of the Kurus. (13-47-25)
एवमेतत्समुद्दिष्टं धर्मेषु भरतर्षभ। एतद्धर्ममनुस्मृत्य न वृथा साधयेद्धनम् ॥१३-४७-२६॥
evam etat samuddiṣṭaṃ dharmeṣu bharatarṣabha। etad dharmam anusmṛtya na vṛthā sādhayed dhanam ॥13-47-26॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; समुद्दिष्टम् (samuddiṣṭam) - fully described; धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in dharmas; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; एतत् (etat) - this; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; अनुस्मृत्य (anusmṛtya) - having remembered; न (na) - not; वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain; साधयेत् (sādhayet) - should accomplish; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth;]
(Thus this has been fully described among dharmas, O bull among the Bharatas. Having remembered this dharma, one should not accomplish wealth in vain. (13-47-26))
Thus, O best of the Bharatas, this has been fully explained among the dharmas. Remembering this dharma, one should not pursue wealth in vain. (13-47-26)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
शूद्रायां ब्राह्मणाज्जातो यद्यदेयधनः स्मृतः। केन प्रतिविशेषेण दशमोऽप्यस्य दीयते ॥१३-४७-२७॥
śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto yady adeya-dhanaḥ smṛtaḥ। kena prati-viśeṣeṇa daśamo'py asya dīyate ॥13-47-27॥
[शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a Śūdra woman; ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a Brāhmaṇa; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; यदि (yadi) - if; अदेयधनः (adeya-dhanaḥ) - not eligible for receiving wealth; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered; केन (kena) - by what; प्रतिविशेषेण (prati-viśeṣeṇa) - particular distinction; दशमः (daśamaḥ) - the tenth; अपि (api) - even; अस्य (asya) - of him; दीयते (dīyate) - is given;]
(In a Śūdra woman, from a Brāhmaṇa, born, if, not eligible for receiving wealth, is considered; by what particular distinction, the tenth even, of him, is given.)
If one born from a Brāhmaṇa and a Śūdra woman is considered not eligible to receive wealth, by what particular distinction is even the tenth part given to him? (13-47-27)
ब्राह्मण्यां ब्राह्मणाज्जातो ब्राह्मणः स्यान्न संशयः। क्षत्रियायां तथैव स्याद्वैश्यायामपि चैव हि ॥१३-४७-२८॥
brāhmaṇyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jāto brāhmaṇaḥ syān na saṃśayaḥ। kṣatriyāyāṃ tathaiva syād vaiśyāyām api caiva hi ॥13-47-28॥
[ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a brāhmaṇa woman; ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a brāhmaṇa; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; क्षत्रियायाम् (kṣatriyāyām) - in a kṣatriya woman; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a vaiśya woman; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; हि (hi) - for;]
(In a brāhmaṇa woman, from a brāhmaṇa, born, a brāhmaṇa would be, not, doubt. In a kṣatriya woman, just so, would be; in a vaiśya woman, also, and, indeed, for.)
A son born from a brāhmaṇa father and a brāhmaṇa mother is certainly a brāhmaṇa, without doubt. Likewise, if born from a kṣatriya or vaiśya woman, it is also so. (13-47-28)
कस्मात्ते विषमं भागं भजेरन्नृपसत्तम। यदा सर्वे त्रयो वर्णास्त्वयोक्ता ब्राह्मणा इति ॥१३-४७-२९॥
kasmātte viṣamaṃ bhāgaṃ bhajerannṛpasattama। yadā sarve trayo varṇāstvayoktā brāhmaṇā iti ॥13-47-29॥
[कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what; reason; ते (te) - to you; विषमं (viṣamam) - unequal; भागं (bhāgam) - share; भजेरन् (bhajeran) - would allot; नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best of kings; यदा (yadā) - when; सर्वे (sarve) - all; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes; त्वयाऽक्ताः (tvayoktāḥ) - declared by you; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; इति (iti) - thus;]
(From what reason would they allot to you an unequal share, O best of kings, when all three classes have been declared by you as Brāhmaṇas thus?)
O best of kings, for what reason would they give you an unequal share, when all three classes have been declared by you as Brāhmaṇas in this way? (13-47-29)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
दारा इत्युच्यते लोके नाम्नैकेन परन्तप। प्रोक्तेन चैकनाम्नायं विशेषः सुमहान्भवेत् ॥१३-४७-३०॥
dārā ity ucyate loke nāmnāikena parantapa। proktena caikanāmnāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ sumahān bhavet ॥13-47-30॥
[दारा (dārā) - wife; (feminine plural); इति (iti) - thus; so; in this way; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; is said; लोके (loke) - in the world; among people; नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by the name; by name; एकेन (ekena) - by one; with one; परन्तप (parantapa) - O scorcher of foes; O Arjuna; प्रोक्तेन (proktena) - by what is stated; by what is said; च (ca) - and; एकनाम्ना (ekanāmnā) - by one name; with a single name; अयम् (ayam) - this; विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction; special feature; सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great; exceedingly great; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; may be;]
(Wife thus is called in the world by one name, O Parantapa; by what is stated and by one name, this distinction would be very great.)
O Parantapa, in the world, the wife is called by a single name; by what is stated and by a single name, this distinction becomes very great. (13-47-30)
तिस्रः कृत्वा पुरो भार्याः पश्चाद्विन्देत ब्राह्मणीम्। सा ज्येष्ठा सा च पूज्या स्यात्सा च ताभ्यो गरीयसी ॥१३-४७-३१॥
tisraḥ kṛtvā puro bhāryāḥ paścād vindeta brāhmaṇīm. sā jyeṣṭhā sā ca pūjyā syāt sā ca tābhyo garīyasī ॥13-47-31॥
[तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (feminine); कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; having taken; पुरः (puro) - before; in front; भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; later; विन्देत (vindeta) - should obtain; should find; ब्राह्मणीम् (brāhmaṇīm) - a Brāhmaṇa woman; Brāhmaṇa wife; सा (sā) - she; ज्येष्ठा (jyeṣṭhā) - eldest; senior; सा (sā) - she; च (ca) - and; पूज्या (pūjyā) - worthy of worship; to be honored; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; may be; सा (sā) - she; च (ca) - and; ताभ्यः (tābhyo) - than those; from those; गरीयसी (garīyasī) - greater; more venerable;]
(Having taken three wives before, afterwards one should obtain a Brāhmaṇa wife. She is the eldest, she is also to be honored, she should be greater than those.)
After marrying three wives first, one should then marry a Brāhmaṇa wife. She is the eldest, worthy of honor, and greater than the others. (13-47-31)
स्नानं प्रसाधनं भर्तुर्दन्तधावनमञ्जनम्। हव्यं कव्यं च यच्चान्यद्धर्मयुक्तं भवेद्गृहे ॥१३-४७-३२॥
snānaṃ prasādhanaṃ bhartur dantadhāvanam añjanam। havyaṃ kavyaṃ ca yat ca anyat dharmayuktaṃ bhavet gṛhe ॥13-47-32॥
[स्नानम् (snānam) - bathing; प्रसाधनम् (prasādhanam) - adornment; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; दन्तधावनम् (dantadhāvanam) - teeth-cleaning; अञ्जनम् (añjanam) - collyrium; हव्यम् (havyam) - offering to gods; कव्यम् (kavyam) - offering to ancestors; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - whatever; च (ca) - and; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; धर्मयुक्तम् (dharmayuktam) - endowed with dharma; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house;]
(Bathing, adornment, the husband's teeth-cleaning, collyrium, offering to gods, offering to ancestors, and whatever else, other, endowed with dharma, should be in the house.)
Bathing, adornment, the husband's teeth-cleaning, collyrium, offerings to gods and ancestors, and any other acts that are in accordance with dharma should be present in the house. (13-47-32)
न तस्यां जातु तिष्ठन्त्यामन्या तत्कर्तुमर्हति। ब्राह्मणी त्वेव तत्कुर्याद्ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-३३॥
na tasyāṃ jātu tiṣṭhantyām anyā tat kartum arhati। brāhmaṇī tu eva tat kuryād brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-33॥
[न (na) - not; तस्याम् (tasyām) - in her; जातु (jātu) - ever; तिष्ठन्त्याम् (tiṣṭhantyām) - while existing; अन्या (anyā) - another (woman); तत् (tat) - that; कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy; ब्राह्मणी (brāhmaṇī) - the wife of a brāhmaṇa; तु (tu) - but; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Not in her ever while existing another that to do is worthy. The wife of a brāhmaṇa but indeed that should do of the brāhmaṇa, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, as long as she exists, no other woman is ever worthy to perform that act; only the wife of the brāhmaṇa herself should do that for the brāhmaṇa. (13-47-33)
अन्नं पानं च माल्यं च वासांस्याभरणानि च। ब्राह्मण्यै तानि देयानि भर्तुः सा हि गरीयसी ॥१३-४७-३४॥
annaṃ pānaṃ ca mālyaṃ ca vāsāṃsyābharaṇāni ca। brāhmaṇyai tāni deyāni bhartuḥ sā hi garīyasī ॥13-47-34॥
[अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; पानं (pānaṃ) - drink; च (ca) - and; माल्यं (mālyaṃ) - garland; च (ca) - and; वासांसि (vāsāṃsi) - garments; आभरणानि (ābharaṇāni) - ornaments; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मण्यै (brāhmaṇyai) - to the brāhmaṇa wife; तानि (tāni) - those; देयानि (deyāni) - should be given; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband; सा (sā) - she; हि (hi) - indeed; गरीयसी (garīyasī) - more venerable;]
(Food, drink and garland and garments, ornaments and; to the brāhmaṇa wife those should be given; of the husband she indeed more venerable.)
Food, drink, garlands, garments, and ornaments should be given to the brāhmaṇa wife; for she is indeed more venerable than the husband. (13-47-34)
मनुनाभिहितं शास्त्रं यच्चापि कुरुनन्दन। तत्राप्येष महाराज दृष्टो धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-४७-३५॥
manunābhihitaṃ śāstraṃ yaccāpi kurunandana। tatrāpyeṣa mahārāja dṛṣṭo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ॥13-47-35॥
[मनुना (manunā) - by Manu; अभिहितं (abhihitaṃ) - declared; शास्त्रं (śāstraṃ) - treatise; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus; तत्र (tatra) - there; अपि (api) - also; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - is seen; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal;]
(The treatise declared by Manu, and also, O delight of the Kurus, whatever else (is declared), there also, O great king, this eternal dharma is seen.)
O delight of the Kurus, the treatise declared by Manu and whatever else (is declared), there too, O great king, this eternal dharma is found. (13-47-35)
अथ चेदन्यथा कुर्याद्यदि कामाद्युधिष्ठिर। यथा ब्राह्मणचण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः ॥१३-४७-३६॥
atha ced anyathā kuryād yadi kāmād yudhiṣṭhira। yathā brāhmaṇa-caṇḍālaḥ pūrva-dṛṣṭas tathaiva saḥ ॥13-47-36॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; चेत् (cet) - if; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; यदि (yadi) - if; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; यथा (yathā) - just as; ब्राह्मणचण्डालः (brāhmaṇa-caṇḍālaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (and) caṇḍāla; पूर्वदृष्टः (pūrva-dṛṣṭaḥ) - previously seen; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Now, if otherwise he should act, if from desire, O Yudhiṣṭhira, just as a brāhmaṇa-caṇḍāla previously seen, in the same way he.)
Now, if he acts otherwise out of desire, O Yudhiṣṭhira, then he will be just like the brāhmaṇa-caṇḍāla seen before, in the same way. (13-47-36)
ब्राह्मण्याः सदृशः पुत्रः क्षत्रियायाश्च यो भवेत्। राजन्विशेषो नास्त्यत्र वर्णयोरुभयोरपि ॥१३-४७-३७॥
brāhmaṇyāḥ sadṛśaḥ putraḥ kṣatriyāyāś ca yo bhavet। rājan viśeṣo nāsty atra varṇayoḥ ubhayoḥ api ॥13-47-37॥
[ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of a brāhmaṇa woman; सदृशः (sadṛśaḥ) - similar; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; क्षत्रियायाः (kṣatriyāyāḥ) - of a kṣatriya woman; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - is; अत्र (atra) - here; वर्णयोः (varṇayoḥ) - of the two castes; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both; अपि (api) - even;]
(Of a brāhmaṇa woman similar son of a kṣatriya woman and who would be O king distinction not is here of the two castes of both even.)
O king, a son who is similar, whether born of a brāhmaṇa woman or a kṣatriya woman, there is no distinction here between the two castes, even for both. (13-47-37)
न तु जात्या समा लोके ब्राह्मण्याः क्षत्रिया भवेत्। ब्राह्मण्याः प्रथमः पुत्रो भूयान्स्याद्राजसत्तम॥ भूयोऽपि भूयसा हार्यं पितृवित्ताद्युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-३८॥
na tu jātyā samā loke brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet। brāhmaṇyāḥ prathamaḥ putro bhūyān syād rājasattama॥ bhūyo'pi bhūyasā hāryaṃ pitṛvittād yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-38॥
[न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; जात्या (jātyā) - by birth; समा (samā) - equal; लोके (loke) - in the world; ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of a Brāhmaṇa woman; क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - a Kṣatriya woman; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of a Brāhmaṇa woman; प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) - first; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; भूयान् (bhūyān) - greater; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; अपि (api) - also; भूयसा (bhūyasā) - by the greater; हार्यं (hāryam) - should be taken; पितृवित्तात् (pitṛvittāt) - from the father's wealth; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(But not by birth are equal in the world the sons of a Brāhmaṇa woman and a Kṣatriya woman may become. Of a Brāhmaṇa woman, the first son may be greater, O best of kings. Again, by the greater, should be taken from the father's wealth, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
But in this world, the sons born of a Brāhmaṇa woman and a Kṣatriya woman are not equal by birth. The first son of a Brāhmaṇa woman may be greater, O best of kings. Again, the greater one should take the father's wealth, O Yudhiṣṭhira. (13-47-38)
यथा न सदृशी जातु ब्राह्मण्याः क्षत्रिया भवेत्। क्षत्रियायास्तथा वैश्या न जातु सदृशी भवेत् ॥१३-४७-३९॥
yathā na sadṛśī jātu brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet। kṣatriyāyās tathā vaiśyā na jātu sadṛśī bhavet ॥13-47-39॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; in the manner; as; न (na) - not; सदृशी (sadṛśī) - similar; like; जातु (jātu) - ever; at any time; ब्राह्मण्याः (brāhmaṇyāḥ) - of a brāhmaṇa woman; क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā) - kṣatriya woman; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; क्षत्रियायाः (kṣatriyāyāḥ) - of a kṣatriya woman; तथा (tathā) - so; in the same way; वैश्या (vaiśyā) - vaiśya woman; न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; at any time; सदृशी (sadṛśī) - similar; like; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become;]
(Just as not similar ever of a brāhmaṇa woman a kṣatriya woman may become; of a kṣatriya woman so a vaiśya woman not ever similar may become.)
Just as a kṣatriya woman can never be similar to a brāhmaṇa woman, so too a vaiśya woman can never be similar to a kṣatriya woman. (13-47-39)
श्रीश्च राज्यं च कोशश्च क्षत्रियाणां युधिष्ठिर। विहितं दृश्यते राजन्सागरान्ता च मेदिनी ॥१३-४७-४०॥
śrīś ca rājyaṃ ca kośaś ca kṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira। vihitaṃ dṛśyate rājan sāgarāntā ca medinī ॥13-47-40॥
[श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; च (ca) - and; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; च (ca) - and; कोशः (kośaḥ) - treasury; च (ca) - and; क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; विहितम् (vihitam) - established; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सागरान्ता (sāgarāntā) - bounded by the ocean; च (ca) - and; मेदिनी (medinī) - the earth;]
(Prosperity and kingdom and treasury and of the kṣatriyas, O Yudhiṣṭhira, established is seen, O king, bounded by the ocean and the earth.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, prosperity, kingdom, and treasury of the kṣatriyas are seen to be established, O king, and the earth bounded by the ocean. (13-47-40)
क्षत्रियो हि स्वधर्मेण श्रियं प्राप्नोति भूयसीम्। राजा दण्डधरो राजन्रक्षा नान्यत्र क्षत्रियात् ॥१३-४७-४१॥
kṣatriyo hi svadharmeṇa śriyaṃ prāpnoti bhūyasīm। rājā daṇḍadharo rājan rakṣā nānyatra kṣatriyāt ॥13-47-41॥
[क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior; हि (hi) - indeed; स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by own duty; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; भूयसीम् (bhūyasīm) - greater; राजा (rājā) - king; दण्डधरः (daṇḍadharaḥ) - wielder of the rod; राजन् (rājan) - O king; रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection; न (na) - not; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; क्षत्रियात् (kṣatriyāt) - from the warrior;]
(The warrior indeed by his own duty attains greater prosperity. The king, wielder of the rod, O king, protection not elsewhere from the warrior. (13-47-41))
A warrior, by following his own duty, truly attains greater prosperity. O king, the king who wields the rod, protection comes from nowhere else but the warrior. (13-47-41)
ब्राह्मणा हि महाभागा देवानामपि देवताः। तेषु राजा प्रवर्तेत पूजया विधिपूर्वकम् ॥१३-४७-४२॥
brāhmaṇā hi mahābhāgā devānām api devatāḥ। teṣu rājā pravarteta pūjayā vidhipūrvakam ॥13-47-42॥
[ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; हि (hi) - indeed; महाभागा (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; अपि (api) - even; देवताः (devatāḥ) - divinities; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रवर्तेत (pravarteta) - should engage; पूजया (pūjayā) - with worship; विधिपूर्वकम् (vidhipūrvakam) - according to rule;]
(Brāhmaṇas indeed greatly fortunate of the gods even divinities; among them king should engage with worship according to rule.)
Brāhmaṇas are indeed greatly fortunate, and even among the gods they are considered divinities; the king should engage in their worship according to proper rules. (13-47-42)
प्रणीतमृषिभिर्ज्ञात्वा धर्मं शाश्वतमव्ययम्। लुप्यमानाः स्वधर्मेण क्षत्रियो रक्षति प्रजाः ॥१३-४७-४३॥
praṇītam ṛṣibhir jñātvā dharmaṃ śāśvatam avyayam। lupyamānāḥ svadharmeṇa kṣatriyo rakṣati prajāḥ ॥13-47-43॥
[प्रणीतम् (praṇītam) - laid down; prescribed; ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by sages; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; righteousness; शाश्वतम् (śāśvatam) - eternal; अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable; लुप्यमानाः (lupyamānāḥ) - being destroyed; being lost; स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by one's own dharma; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - the kṣatriya; warrior; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; people;]
(Having known the dharma, eternal, imperishable, prescribed by sages, the kṣatriya protects the people by his own dharma, when (they are) being destroyed.)
Having understood the eternal and imperishable dharma prescribed by the sages, the kṣatriya protects the people by his own dharma when they are being threatened. (13-47-43)
दस्युभिर्ह्रियमाणं च धनं दाराश्च सर्वशः। सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां त्राता भवति पार्थिवः ॥१३-४७-४४॥
dasyubhir hriyamāṇaṃ ca dhanaṃ dārāś ca sarvaśaḥ। sarveṣām eva varṇānāṃ trātā bhavati pārthivaḥ ॥13-47-44॥
[दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - by robbers; ह्रियमाणं (hriyamāṇam) - being taken away; च (ca) - and; धनं (dhanaṃ) - wealth; दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives; च (ca) - and; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; एव (eva) - indeed; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of castes; त्राता (trātā) - protector; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king;]
(By robbers being taken away and wealth, wives and entirely; of all indeed of castes protector becomes the king.)
When wealth and wives are being taken away entirely by robbers, the king becomes the protector of all castes. (13-47-44)
भूयान्स्यात्क्षत्रियापुत्रो वैश्यापुत्रान्न संशयः। भूयस्तेनापि हर्तव्यं पितृवित्ताद्युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-४५॥
bhūyān syāt kṣatriya-putro vaiśya-putrān na saṁśayaḥ। bhūyas tenāpi hartavyaṁ pitṛ-vittāt yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-45॥
[भूयान् (bhūyān) - greater; more; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; may be; क्षत्रियापुत्रः (kṣatriya-putraḥ) - son of a kṣatriya; वैश्यापुत्रान् (vaiśya-putrān) - than sons of a vaiśya; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more; greater; तेन (tena) - by him; अपि (api) - also; हर्तव्यम् (hartavyam) - should be taken; should be appropriated; पितृवित्तात् (pitṛ-vittāt) - from the father's wealth; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira;]
(Greater should be the son of a kṣatriya than the sons of a vaiśya, not (is there) doubt; more by him also should be taken from the father's wealth, O Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, there is no doubt that the son of a kṣatriya is greater than the sons of a vaiśya; he too should take a greater share from the father's wealth. (13-47-45)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
उक्तं ते विधिवद्राजन्ब्राह्मणस्वे पितामह। इतरेषां तु वर्णानां कथं विनियमो भवेत् ॥१३-४७-४६॥
uktaṃ te vidhivad rājan brāhmaṇasve pitāmaha। itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ kathaṃ viniyamo bhavet ॥13-47-46॥
[उक्तं (uktaṃ) - spoken; ते (te) - to you; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; राजन् (rājan) - O king; ब्राह्मणस्वे (brāhmaṇasve) - about the Brāhmaṇas; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire; इतरेषां (itareṣāṃ) - of the others; तु (tu) - but; वर्णानां (varṇānāṃ) - of the castes; कथं (kathaṃ) - how; विनियमः (viniyamaḥ) - regulation; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be;]
(Spoken to you according to rule, O king, about the Brāhmaṇas, O grandsire. Of the others but of the castes, how regulation would be. (13-47-46))
"O grandsire, O king, the rules regarding the Brāhmaṇas have been spoken to you according to proper procedure. But how is the regulation for the other castes?" (13-47-46)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
क्षत्रियस्यापि भार्ये द्वे विहिते कुरुनन्दन। तृतीया च भवेच्छूद्रा न तु दृष्टान्ततः स्मृता ॥१३-४७-४७॥
kṣatriyasyāpi bhārye dve vihite kurunandana. tṛtīyā ca bhavec chūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā ॥13-47-47॥
[क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya; अपि (api) - also; भार्ये (bhārye) - wives; द्वे (dve) - two; विहिते (vihite) - prescribed; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O descendant of Kuru; तृतीया (tṛtīyā) - third (wife); च (ca) - and; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; शूद्रा (śūdrā) - a śūdra woman; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; दृष्टान्ततः (dṛṣṭāntataḥ) - according to precedent; स्मृता (smṛtā) - is considered;]
(Of a kṣatriya also, wives two are prescribed, O descendant of Kuru. A third also may be a śūdra woman, but not according to precedent is considered. (13-47-47))
For a kṣatriya too, two wives are prescribed, O Kurunandana. A third may be a śūdra woman, but she is not considered according to precedent. (13-47-47)
एष एव क्रमो हि स्यात्क्षत्रियाणां युधिष्ठिर। अष्टधा तु भवेत्कार्यं क्षत्रियस्वं युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४७-४८॥
eṣa eva kramo hi syāt kṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira। aṣṭadhā tu bhavet kāryaṃ kṣatriyasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-47-48॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; एव (eva) - indeed; क्रमः (kramaḥ) - order; हि (hi) - for; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; अष्टधा (aṣṭadhā) - eightfold; तु (tu) - but; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - duty; क्षत्रियस्वं (kṣatriyasvaṃ) - kṣatriya-hood; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(This indeed order for should be of the kṣatriyas, O Yudhiṣṭhira. Eightfold but should be duty kṣatriya-hood, O Yudhiṣṭhira. (13-47-48))
O Yudhiṣṭhira, this indeed should be the order for the kṣatriyas. The duty of kṣatriya-hood should be eightfold, O Yudhiṣṭhira. (13-47-48)
क्षत्रियाया हरेत्पुत्रश्चतुरोंऽशान्पितुर्धनात्। युद्धावहारिकं यच्च पितुः स्यात्स हरेच्च तत् ॥१३-४७-४९॥
kṣatriyāyā haret putraś caturon'śān pitur dhanāt। yuddhāvahārikaṃ yac ca pituḥ syāt sa haret ca tat ॥13-47-49॥
[क्षत्रियायाः (kṣatriyāyāḥ) - of a kṣatriya woman; हरेत् (haret) - should take; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four; अंशान् (aṃśān) - shares; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धनात् (dhanāt) - from the wealth; युद्धावहारिकम् (yuddhāvahārikam) - earned in battle; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; सः (saḥ) - he; हरेत् (haret) - should take; च (ca) - and; तत् (tat) - that;]
(Of a kṣatriya woman, the son should take four shares from the father's wealth; and whatever of the father may be earned in battle, he should take that also.)
The son of a kṣatriya woman should take four shares from his father's wealth, and he should also take whatever of his father's property was earned in battle. (13-47-49)
वैश्यापुत्रस्तु भागांस्त्रीन्शूद्रापुत्रस्तथाष्टमम्। सोऽपि दत्तं हरेत्पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमर्हति ॥१३-४७-५०॥
vaiśyāputras tu bhāgāṁs trīn śūdrāputras tathāṣṭamam। so'pi dattaṁ haret pitrā nādattaṁ hartum arhati ॥13-47-50॥
[वैश्यापुत्रः (vaiśyāputraḥ) - son of a Vaiśya; तु (tu) - but; भागान् (bhāgān) - shares; त्रीन् (trīn) - three; शूद्रापुत्रः (śūdrāputraḥ) - son of a Śūdra; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - eighth; सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; हरेत् (haret) - may take; पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; न (na) - not; अदत्तम् (adattam) - not given; हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled;]
(The son of a Vaiśya, however, (receives) three shares; the son of a Śūdra likewise (receives) the eighth. He also may take what is given by the father, but is not entitled to take what is not given.)
The son of a Vaiśya receives three shares, and the son of a Śūdra receives the eighth share. He too may take what is given by the father, but is not entitled to take what is not given. (13-47-50)
एकैव हि भवेद्भार्या वैश्यस्य कुरुनन्दन। द्वितीया वा भवेच्छूद्रा न तु दृष्टान्ततः स्मृता ॥१३-४७-५१॥
ekaiva hi bhavedbhāryā vaiśyasya kurunandana। dvitīyā vā bhavecchūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā ॥13-47-51॥
[एकैव (ekaiva) - only one; only; just one; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; may be; would be; भार्या (bhāryā) - wife; spouse; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya; belonging to the Vaiśya; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus; O descendant of Kuru; द्वितीया (dvitīyā) - second; another; वा (vā) - or; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; may be; would be; शूद्रा (śūdrā) - Śūdra woman; of the Śūdra caste; न (na) - not; no; तु (tu) - but; however; दृष्टान्ततः (dṛṣṭāntataḥ) - according to precedent; by example; स्मृता (smṛtā) - considered; remembered; regarded;]
(Only one indeed should be the wife of a Vaiśya, O Kurunandana. Or a second may be a Śūdra woman, but not considered according to precedent. (13-47-51))
O Kurunandana, a Vaiśya should have only one wife. Alternatively, a second may be a Śūdra woman, but this is not considered according to precedent. (13-47-51)
वैश्यस्य वर्तमानस्य वैश्यायां भरतर्षभ। शूद्रायां चैव कौन्तेय तयोर्विनियमः स्मृतः ॥१३-४७-५२॥
vaiśyasya vartamānasya vaiśyāyāṃ bharatarṣabha। śūdrāyāṃ caiva kaunteya tayorviniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ ॥13-47-52॥
[वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya; वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of the present (husband); वैश्यायां (vaiśyāyāṃ) - in a Vaiśyā (woman); भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; शूद्रायां (śūdrāyāṃ) - in a Śūdrā (woman); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kuntī; तयोः (tayoḥ) - of the two; विनियमः (viniyamaḥ) - regulation; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered;]
(Of a Vaiśya, of the present (husband), in a Vaiśyā (woman), O bull among the Bharatas; in a Śūdrā (woman) and indeed, O son of Kuntī, of the two, regulation is remembered. (13-47-52))
O bull among the Bharatas, for a Vaiśya man with a Vaiśyā wife, and for a Vaiśya with a Śūdrā wife, O son of Kuntī, the regulation regarding the two is remembered. (13-47-52)
पञ्चधा तु भवेत्कार्यं वैश्यस्वं भरतर्षभ। तयोरपत्ये वक्ष्यामि विभागं च जनाधिप ॥१३-४७-५३॥
pañcadhā tu bhavet kāryaṃ vaiśyasvaṃ bharatarṣabha। tayorapatye vakṣyāmi vibhāgaṃ ca janādhipa ॥13-47-53॥
[पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways; तु (tu) - but; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; कार्यं (kāryam) - to be done; वैश्यस्वं (vaiśyasvam) - property of a Vaiśya; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two; अपत्ये (apatye) - in the case of offspring; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall state; विभागं (vibhāgam) - division; च (ca) - and; जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of the people;]
(In five ways but should be done the property of a Vaiśya, O bull among the Bharatas. Of those two, in the case of offspring, I shall state the division and, O lord of the people. (13-47-53))
O bull among the Bharatas, the property of a Vaiśya should be divided in five ways. O lord of the people, I shall now state the division of that property in the case of their offspring. (13-47-53)
वैश्यापुत्रेण हर्तव्याश्चत्वारोंऽशाः पितुर्धनात्। पञ्चमस्तु भवेद्भागः शूद्रापुत्राय भारत ॥१३-४७-५४॥
vaiśyāputreṇa hartavyāś catvāro 'ṃśāḥ pitur dhanāt। pañcamas tu bhaved bhāgaḥ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ॥13-47-54॥
[वैश्यापुत्रेण (vaiśyāputreṇa) - by the son of a Vaiśya; हर्तव्याः (hartavyāḥ) - to be taken; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; अंशाः (aṃśāḥ) - parts; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; धनात् (dhanāt) - from the wealth; पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - the fifth; तु (tu) - but; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; भागः (bhāgaḥ) - share; शूद्रापुत्राय (śūdrāputrāya) - for the son of a Śūdra; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(By the son of a Vaiśya, four parts from the father's wealth are to be taken; but the fifth share should be for the son of a Śūdra, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, the son of a Vaiśya should take four parts from the father's wealth, but the fifth share should go to the son of a Śūdra. (13-47-54)
सोऽपि दत्तं हरेत्पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमर्हति। त्रिभिर्वर्णैस्तथा जातः शूद्रो देयधनो भवेत् ॥१३-४७-५५॥
so'pi dattaṃ haret pitrā nādattaṃ hartum arhati। tribhir varṇais tathā jātaḥ śūdro deyadhano bhavet ॥13-47-55॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अपि (api) - also; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; हरेत् (haret) - may take away; पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father; न (na) - not; अदत्तं (adattaṃ) - not given; हर्तुम् (hartum) - to take away; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; वर्णैः (varṇaiḥ) - castes; तथा (tathā) - thus; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - śūdra; देयधनः (deyadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth is to be given; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(He also may take away what is given by the father; he is not entitled to take away what is not given. Born thus from the three castes, a śūdra should be one whose wealth is to be given. (13-47-55))
He too may take what has been given by the father, but he is not entitled to take what has not been given. Thus, a śūdra born from the three castes should be one whose wealth is to be given. (13-47-55)
शूद्रस्य स्यात्सवर्णैव भार्या नान्या कथञ्चन। शूद्रस्य समभागः स्याद्यदि पुत्रशतं भवेत् ॥१३-४७-५६॥
śūdrasya syātsavarṇaiva bhāryā nānyā kathañcana। śūdrasya samabhāgaḥ syādyadi putraśataṃ bhavet ॥13-47-56॥
[शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; सवर्णा (savarṇā) - of the same caste; एव (eva) - only; भार्या (bhāryā) - wife; ना (nā) - not; अन्या (anyā) - another; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way; शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of the Śūdra; समभागः (samabhāgaḥ) - equal share; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; यदि (yadi) - if; पुत्रशतम् (putraśatam) - hundred sons; भवेत् (bhavet) - there should be;]
(Of the Śūdra, only a wife of the same caste should be, not another in any way. Of the Śūdra, there should be equal share if there are a hundred sons. (13-47-56))
A Śūdra should have only a wife of his own caste, never another under any circumstance. If a Śūdra has a hundred sons, they should all receive equal shares. (13-47-56)
जातानां समवर्णासु पुत्राणामविशेषतः। सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां समभागो धने स्मृतः ॥१३-४७-५७॥
jātānāṃ samavarṇāsu putrāṇām aviśeṣataḥ। sarveṣām eva varṇānāṃ samabhāgo dhane smṛtaḥ ॥13-47-57॥
[जातानाम् (jātānām) - of those born; समवर्णासु (samavarṇāsu) - among same castes; पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of sons; अविशेषतः (aviśeṣataḥ) - without distinction; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; एव (eva) - indeed; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of castes; समभागः (samabhāgaḥ) - equal share; धने (dhane) - in wealth; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered;]
(Of those born among same castes, of sons, without distinction; of all indeed, of castes, equal share in wealth is considered.)
Among sons born of the same caste, without any distinction, all castes are considered to have an equal share in wealth. (13-47-57)
ज्येष्ठस्य भागो ज्येष्ठः स्यादेकांशो यः प्रधानतः। एष दायविधिः पार्थ पूर्वमुक्तः स्वयम्भुवा ॥१३-४७-५८॥
jyeṣṭhasya bhāgo jyeṣṭhaḥ syādekāṃśo yaḥ pradhānataḥ। eṣa dāyavidhiḥ pārtha pūrvamuktaḥ svayambhuvā ॥13-47-58॥
[ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest; भागः (bhāgaḥ) - share; ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; एकांशः (ekāṃśaḥ) - one part; यः (yaḥ) - which; प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - as principal; एष (eṣa) - this; दायविधिः (dāyavidhiḥ) - rule of inheritance; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; पूर्वमुक्तः (pūrvamuktaḥ) - previously stated; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - by the Self-born;]
(Of the eldest, the share should be the eldest, one part which as principal. This rule of inheritance, O Pārtha, previously stated by the Self-born.)
O Pārtha, the share of the eldest should be the principal one part; this rule of inheritance was previously stated by the Self-born. (13-47-58)
समवर्णासु जातानां विशेषोऽस्त्यपरो नृप। विवाहवैशेष्यकृतः पूर्वः पूर्वो विशिष्यते ॥१३-४७-५९॥
samavarṇāsu jātānāṃ viśeṣo'styaparo nṛpa। vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvo viśiṣyate ॥13-47-59॥
[समवर्णासु (samavarṇāsu) - among same varṇas; जातानां (jātānāṃ) - of those born; विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction; अस्ति (asti) - there is; अपरो (aparaḥ) - another; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; विवाह (vivāha) - marriage; वैशेष्य (vaiśeṣya) - specialty; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - caused; पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - former; पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - former; विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is distinguished;]
(Among those born in the same varṇas, there is another distinction, O king; caused by the specialty of marriage, the former is distinguished over the former.)
O king, among those born in the same varṇas, there is another distinction; due to the specialty of marriage, the earlier is considered superior to the later. (13-47-59)
हरेज्ज्येष्ठः प्रधानांशमेकं तुल्यासुतेष्वपि। मध्यमो मध्यमं चैव कनीयांस्तु कनीयसम् ॥१३-४७-६०॥
harej-jyeṣṭhaḥ pradhānāṃśam ekaṃ tulyāsuteṣv api। madhyamo madhyamaṃ caiva kanīyāṃs tu kanīyasam ॥13-47-60॥
[हरेत् (haret) - should take; (from √hṛ, to take away;) ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest; (superlative of jyeṣṭha, elder;) प्रधानांशम् (pradhānāṃśam) - principal portion; (pradhāna, principal + aṃśa, portion;) एकम् (ekam) - one; (single;) तुल्यासुतेषु (tulyāsuteṣu) - among sons who are equal; (tulya, equal + suta, son; locative plural;) अपि (api) - even; (also;) मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle one; (madhyama, middle;) मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the middle portion; (madhyama, middle;) च (ca) - and; (also;) एव (eva) - indeed; (certainly;) कनीयान् (kanīyān) - the youngest; (kanīyān, younger;) तु (tu) - but; (however;) कनीयसम् (kanīyasam) - the smallest portion; (kanīyas, smallest;);]
(The eldest should take the principal one portion even among sons who are equal; the middle one the middle portion indeed, but the youngest the smallest portion.)
Even among sons who are equal, the eldest should take the principal share, the middle son the middle share, and the youngest the smallest share. (13-47-60)
एवं जातिषु सर्वासु सवर्णाः श्रेष्ठतां गताः। महर्षिरपि चैतद्वै मारीचः काश्यपोऽब्रवीत् ॥१३-४७-६१॥
evaṃ jātiṣu sarvāsu savarṇāḥ śreṣṭhatāṃ gatāḥ। maharṣir api caitad vai mārīcaḥ kāśyapo 'bravīt ॥13-47-61॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; जातिषु (jātiṣu) - among births; सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - all; सवर्णाः (savarṇāḥ) - those of the same class; श्रेष्ठतां (śreṣṭhatāṃ) - excellence; गताः (gatāḥ) - have attained; महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; एतत् (etat) - this; वै (vai) - indeed; मारीचः (mārīcaḥ) - Mārīca; काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kāśyapa; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said;]
(Thus, among all births, those of the same class have attained excellence. The great sage also, indeed, this Mārīca Kāśyapa said.)
Thus, among all births, those of the same class have attained excellence. The great sage Mārīca Kāśyapa also declared this. (13-47-61)
