13.049
पुत्रप्रणिधिः
putrapraṇidhiḥ
[पुत्र (putra) - son; प्रणिधिः (praṇidhiḥ) - dedication;]
(son; dedication;)
Dedication to the son.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
ब्रूहि पुत्रान्कुरुश्रेष्ठ वर्णानां त्वं पृथक्पृथक्। कीदृश्यां कीदृशाश्चापि पुत्राः कस्य च के च ते ॥१३-४९-१॥
brūhi putrān kuruśreṣṭha varṇānāṃ tvaṃ pṛthakpṛthak। kīdṛśyāṃ kīdṛśāścāpi putrāḥ kasya ca ke ca te ॥13-49-1॥
[ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak; tell; पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons; कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of the Kurus; वर्णानां (varṇānāṃ) - of the classes; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; पृथक्पृथक् (pṛthakpṛthak) - separately; individually; कीदृश्यां (kīdṛśyāṃ) - of what kind (feminine); कीदृशाश्च (kīdṛśāś ca) - and of what kind (masculine); अपि (api) - also; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; च (ca) - and; के (ke) - who; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they;]
(Speak, O best of the Kurus, the sons of the classes, you, separately; of what kind (feminine), and of what kind (masculine) also, the sons, of whom and who and they.)
O best of the Kurus, tell me about the sons of the classes, describing each separately; what kind they are, and also whose sons they are, and who they are. (13-49-1)
विप्रवादाः सुबहुशः श्रूयन्ते पुत्रकारिताः। अत्र नो मुह्यतां राजन्संशयं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥१३-४९-२॥
vipravādāḥ subahuśaḥ śrūyante putrākāritāḥ। atra no muhyatāṃ rājan saṃśayaṃ chettum arhasi ॥13-49-2॥
[विप्रवादाः (vipravādāḥ) - Brahmin-accusations; सुबहुशः (subahuśaḥ) - very many times; श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - are heard; पुत्रकारिताः (putrākāritāḥ) - caused by the son; अत्र (atra) - here; नः (naḥ) - to us; मुह्यताम् (muhyatām) - let (us) not be deluded; राजन् (rājan) - O king; संशयम् (saṃśayam) - doubt; छेत्तुम् (chettum) - to cut; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought;]
(Brahmin-accusations very many times are heard caused by the son. Here to us let (us) not be deluded, O king, doubt to cut you ought. (13-49-2))
Accusations against Brahmins, caused by the son, are heard very often. Here, O king, do not let us be deluded; you ought to resolve our doubt. (13-49-2)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
आत्मा पुत्रस्तु विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्च यः। नियुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥१३-४९-३॥
ātmā putras tu vijñeyas tasyānantarajaś ca yaḥ। niyuktajaś ca vijñeyaḥ sutaḥ prasṛtajaś tathā ॥13-49-3॥
[आत्मा (ātmā) - self; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; तु (tu) - but; विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - to be known; तस्य (tasya) - his; अनन्तरजः (anantarajaḥ) - immediate successor; च (ca) - and; यः (yaḥ) - who; नियुक्तजः (niyuktajaḥ) - appointed offspring; च (ca) - and; विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - to be known; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son; प्रसृतजः (prasṛtajaḥ) - born from another; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(Self son but to be known, his immediate successor and who, appointed offspring and to be known, son born from another likewise.)
The son is to be regarded as oneself; his immediate successor also is to be known as such, as is one who is appointed, and likewise a son born from another. (13-49-3)
पतितस्य च भार्यायां भर्त्रा सुसमवेतया। तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढश्च तथापरः ॥१३-४९-४॥
patitasya ca bhāryāyāṃ bhartrā susamavetayā। tathā dattakṛtau putrāvadhyūḍhaś ca tathāparaḥ ॥13-49-4॥
[पतितस्य (patitasya) - of the fallen; (husband); च (ca) - and; भार्यायां (bhāryāyām) - in the wife; भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by the husband; सुसमवेतया (susamavetayā) - well-united; (with him); तथा (tathā) - likewise; दत्तकृतौ (dattakṛtau) - in the case of adoption; पुत्र (putra) - son; अवध्यूढः (avadhyūḍhaḥ) - not properly married; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another;]
(Of the fallen (husband) and in the wife by the husband well-united; likewise, in the case of adoption, a son not properly married and likewise another.)
If a wife is well-united with a fallen husband, and similarly in the case of adoption, a son not properly married, and likewise another, (13-49-4)
षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा। इत्येते ते समाख्यातास्तान्विजानीहि भारत ॥१३-४९-५॥
ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāścāpi kānīnāpasadāstathā। ityetete samākhyātāstān vijānīhi bhārata ॥13-49-5॥
[षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṃsajāḥ) - born of degradation; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; कानीन (kānīna) - born of an unmarried girl; अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - outcastes; तथा (tathā) - likewise; इति (iti) - thus; एते (ete) - these; ते (te) - they; समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - are named; तान् (tān) - them; विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Six born of degradation and also kānīna outcastes likewise; thus these they are named; them know, O Bhārata.)
O Bhārata, know that these six born of degradation and also the kānīna outcastes are thus named; recognize them as such. (13-49-5)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाप्यपसदास्तथा। एतत्सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि ॥१३-४९-६॥
ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāḥ ke syuḥ ke vāpyapasadāstathā। etatsarvaṃ yathātattvaṃ vyākhyātuṃ me tvamarhasi ॥13-49-6॥
[षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṃsajāḥ) - born of decline; के (ke) - who; स्युः (syuḥ) - may be; के (ke) - who; वा (vā) - or; अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - inferior ones; तथा (tathā) - also; एतत् (etat) - this; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; यथा (yathā) - as; तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth; व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain; मे (me) - to me; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अर्हसि (arhasi) - are worthy;]
(Six born of decline, who may be, who or inferior ones also; this all as truth to explain to me you are worthy.)
Who are the six born of decline, and who are the inferior ones as well? Please explain all this to me truthfully. (13-49-6)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
त्रिषु वर्णेषु ये पुत्रा ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर। वर्णयोश्च द्वयोः स्यातां यौ राजन्यस्य भारत ॥१३-४९-७॥
triṣu varṇeṣu ye putrā brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira। varṇayośca dvayoḥ syātāṃ yau rājanyasya bhārata ॥13-49-7॥
[त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three; (locative plural of 'tri', three;) वर्णेषु (varṇeṣu) - in the varṇas; (locative plural of 'varṇa', class/caste;) ये (ye) - who; (nominative plural masculine of 'yaḥ', who;) पुत्रा (putrā) - sons; (nominative plural of 'putra', son;) ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the brāhmaṇa; (genitive singular of 'brāhmaṇa', brāhmaṇa;) युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (vocative singular, O Yudhiṣṭhira;) वर्णयोः (varṇayoḥ) - of the two varṇas; (genitive/locative dual of 'varṇa', class/caste;) च (ca) - and; (conjunction;) द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of the two; (genitive/locative dual of 'dvi', two;) स्यातां (syātāṃ) - should be; (third person dual optative of 'as', to be;) यौ (yau) - who (two); (nominative dual masculine of 'yaḥ', who;) राजन्यस्य (rājanyasya) - of the kṣatriya; (genitive singular of 'rājanya', kṣatriya;) भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; (vocative singular, O descendant of Bharata;);]
(In the three varṇas, who are the sons of the brāhmaṇa, O Yudhiṣṭhira; and of the two varṇas, the two who should be of the kṣatriya, O Bhārata.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, among the three varṇas, those who are sons of a brāhmaṇa; and among the two varṇas, those two who should be of the kṣatriya, O Bhārata. (13-49-7)
एको द्विवर्ण एवाथ तथात्रैवोपलक्षितः। षडपध्वंसजास्ते हि तथैवापसदाञ्शृणु ॥१३-४९-८॥
eko dvivarṇa evātha tathātraivopalakṣitaḥ। ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāste hi tathaivāpasadāñśṛṇu ॥13-49-8॥
[एकः (ekaḥ) - one; द्विवर्णः (dvivarṇaḥ) - two-lettered; एव (eva) - indeed; अथ (atha) - then; तथा (tathā) - thus; अत्र (atra) - here; एव (eva) - indeed; उपलक्षितः (upalakṣitaḥ) - indicated; षट् (ṣaṭ) - six; अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṃsajāḥ) - born of decline; ते (te) - they; हि (hi) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; अपसदान् (apasadān) - inferior ones; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear;]
(One two-lettered indeed then thus here indeed indicated. Six born of decline they indeed thus indeed inferior ones hear.)
Now, the one with two letters is thus indicated here. The six born of decline, they too, are inferior ones—hear about them. (13-49-8)
चण्डालो व्रात्यवेनौ च ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियासु च। वैश्यायां चैव शूद्रस्य लक्ष्यन्तेऽपसदास्त्रयः ॥१३-४९-९॥
caṇḍālo vrātyavenau ca brāhmaṇyāṃ kṣatriyāsu ca। vaiśyāyāṃ caiva śūdrasya lakṣyante'pasadāstrayaḥ ॥13-49-9॥
[चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - outcaste; व्रात्यवेनौ (vrātyavenau) - the two fallen ones (vrātya and vena); च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a brāhmaṇa woman; क्षत्रियासु (kṣatriyāsu) - in kṣatriya women; च (ca) - and; वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a vaiśya woman; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra; लक्ष्यन्ते (lakṣyante) - are observed; अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - degraded ones; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three;]
(Outcaste, the two fallen ones (vrātya and vena), and in a brāhmaṇa woman, in kṣatriya women, and in a vaiśya woman indeed of a śūdra, are observed three degraded ones.)
The outcaste, the two fallen ones (vrātya and vena), are observed as three degraded types among the offspring of a śūdra with brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, and vaiśya women. (13-49-9)
मागधो वामकश्चैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ। ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु ॥१३-४९-१०॥
māgadhō vāmakashcaiva dvau vaiśyasyōpalakṣitau। brāhmaṇyāṁ kṣatriyāyāṁ ca kṣatriyasyaika eva tu॥13-49-10॥
[मागधः (māgadhaḥ) - of Magadha; वामकः (vāmakaḥ) - Vāmaka; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; द्वौ (dvau) - two; वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya; उपलक्षितौ (upalakṣitau) - are indicated; ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a Brāhmaṇa woman; क्षत्रियायाम् (kṣatriyāyām) - in a Kṣatriya woman; च (ca) - and; क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a Kṣatriya; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but;]
(Māgadha and Vāmaka indeed, two, of a Vaiśya, are indicated; in a Brāhmaṇa woman and in a Kṣatriya woman, of a Kṣatriya, one indeed but.)
Māgadha and Vāmaka are the two sons recognized as born of a Vaiśya; but of a Kṣatriya, only one son is recognized, whether from a Brāhmaṇa woman or a Kṣatriya woman. (13-49-10)
ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः। पुत्ररेतो न शक्यं हि मिथ्या कर्तुं नराधिप ॥१३-४९-११॥
brāhmaṇyāṃ lakṣyate sūta ityetepaśadāḥ smṛtāḥ। putrarato na śakyaṃ hi mithyā kartuṃ narādhipa ॥13-49-11॥
[ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a Brāhmaṇa woman; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is observed; सूत (sūta) - Sūta (charioteer caste); इति (iti) - thus; एते (ete) - these; अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - low-born; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered; पुत्ररेतः (putra-retaḥ) - offspring's seed; न (na) - not; शक्यं (śakyaṃ) - possible; हि (hi) - indeed; मिथ्या (mithyā) - false; कर्तुं (kartuṃ) - to make; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(In a Brāhmaṇa woman is observed Sūta, thus these low-born are considered. Offspring's seed not possible indeed false to make, O king.)
A Sūta is observed as born from a Brāhmaṇa woman; thus, these are considered low-born. The seed of the son cannot indeed be made false, O king. (13-49-11)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
क्षेत्रजं केचिदेवाहुः सुतं केचित्तु शुक्रजम्। तुल्यावेतौ सुतौ कस्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-४९-१२॥
kṣetrajam kecidevāhuḥ sutaṃ kecittu śukrajam। tulyāvetau sutau kasya tanme brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-49-12॥
[क्षेत्रजम् (kṣetrajam) - born of the field; केचित् (kecit) - some; एव (eva) - indeed; आहुः (āhuḥ) - say; सुतम् (sutam) - son; केचित् (kecit) - some; तु (tu) - but; शुक्रजम् (śukrajam) - born of semen; तुल्यौ (tulyau) - equal (dual); एतौ (etau) - these two; सुतौ (sutau) - sons (dual); कस्य (kasya) - of whom; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(Born of the field some indeed say son; some but born of semen; equal these two sons of whom that to me tell O grandsire;)
Some say the son is born of the field, while others say he is born of semen. Of these two sons, who is truly whose? Tell me that, O grandsire. (13-49-12)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
रेतजो वा भवेत्पुत्रस्त्यक्तो वा क्षेत्रजो भवेत्। अध्यूढः समयं भित्त्वेत्येतदेव निबोध मे ॥१३-४९-१३॥
retajo vā bhavetputrastyakto vā kṣetrajo bhavet। adhyūḍhaḥ samayaṃ bhittvetyetadeva nibodha me ॥13-49-13॥
[रेतजः (retajaḥ) - born of semen; वा (vā) - or; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - abandoned; वा (vā) - or; क्षेत्रजः (kṣetrajaḥ) - born of the field; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be; अध्यूढः (adhyūḍhaḥ) - married to another; समयम् (samayam) - agreement; भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having broken; इति (iti) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; एव (eva) - only; निबोध (nibodha) - know; मे (me) - from me;]
(Born of semen or may be a son, abandoned or born of the field may be; married to another, having broken the agreement, thus this only know from me.)
A son may be born of semen, or, if abandoned, may be born of the field; if the wife marries another, breaking the agreement, know this only from me. (13-49-13)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
रेतोजं विद्म वै पुत्रं क्षेत्रजस्यागमः कथम्। अध्यूढं विद्म वै पुत्रं हित्वा च समयं कथम् ॥१३-४९-१४॥
retojaṃ vidma vai putraṃ kṣetrajasyāgamaḥ katham। adhyūḍhaṃ vidma vai putraṃ hitvā ca samayaṃ katham ॥13-49-14॥
[रेतोजं (retojam) - born of semen; विद्म (vidma) - we know; वै (vai) - indeed; पुत्रं (putram) - son; क्षेत्रजस्य (kṣetrajasyā) - of the field-born; आगमः (āgamaḥ) - origin; कथम् (katham) - how; अध्यूढं (adhyūḍham) - placed upon (the wife); विद्म (vidma) - we know; वै (vai) - indeed; पुत्रं (putram) - son; हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; च (ca) - and; समयं (samayam) - agreement; कथम् (katham) - how;]
(Born of semen we know indeed son; of the field-born origin how; placed upon (the wife) we know indeed son; having abandoned and agreement how; (13-49-14))
We know that a son is born of semen, but how is the origin of a field-born (son)? We know a son is placed upon (the wife), but how is it when the agreement is abandoned? (13-49-14)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत्कारणान्तरे। न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत् ॥१३-४९-१५॥
ātmajaṃ putram utpādya yaḥ tyajet kāraṇāntare। na tatra kāraṇaṃ retaḥ sa kṣetrasvāmino bhavet ॥13-49-15॥
[आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - own-born; son; पुत्रम् (putram) - son; उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - having produced; यः (yaḥ) - who; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - would abandon; कारणान्तरे (kāraṇāntare) - for another reason; न (na) - not; तत्र (tatra) - there; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause; रेतः (retaḥ) - seed; semen; सः (saḥ) - he; क्षेत्रस्वामिनः (kṣetrasvāminaḥ) - of the owner of the field; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be;]
(Having produced his own-born son, who would abandon (him) for another reason, there the cause is not the seed; he would not be of the owner of the field.)
If a man, having begotten his own son, abandons him for some other reason, then the cause is not the seed; that son does not belong to the owner of the field. (13-49-15)
पुत्रकामो हि पुत्रार्थे यां वृणीते विशां पते। तत्र क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं स्यान्न वै तत्रात्मजः सुतः ॥१३-४९-१६॥
putrakāmo hi putrārthe yāṃ vṛṇīte viśāṃ pate। tatra kṣetraṃ pramāṇaṃ syān na vai tatra ātmajaḥ sutaḥ॥13-49-16॥
[पुत्रकामः (putrakāmaḥ) - desiring a son; हि (hi) - indeed; पुत्रार्थे (putrārthe) - for the sake of a son; याम् (yām) - whom (feminine accusative singular); वृणीते (vṛṇīte) - chooses; विशां (viśām) - of men; पते (pate) - O lord; तत्र (tatra) - there; क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - field (womb); प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the standard; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; न (na) - not; वै (vai) - indeed; तत्र (tatra) - there; आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - born from oneself; सुतः (sutaḥ) - son;]
(Desiring a son indeed for the sake of a son whom he chooses, O lord of men, there the field (womb) should be the standard; not indeed there is a son born from oneself, a son.)
O lord of men, when a man desiring a son chooses a woman for the sake of a son, there the field (womb) is the determining factor; indeed, the son born there is not truly his own son. (13-49-16)
अन्यत्र क्षेत्रजः पुत्रो लक्ष्यते भरतर्षभ। न ह्यात्मा शक्यते हन्तुं दृष्टान्तोपगतो ह्यसौ ॥१३-४९-१७॥
anyatra kṣetrajaḥ putro lakṣyate bharatarṣabha। na hyātmā śakyate hantuṃ dṛṣṭāntopagato hyasau ॥13-49-17॥
[अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; क्षेत्रजः (kṣetrajaḥ) - born of the body; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; शक्यते (śakyate) - is able; हन्तुं (hantuṃ) - to be killed; दृष्टान्तोपगतः (dṛṣṭāntopagataḥ) - having reached the example; हि (hi) - indeed; असौ (asau) - this;]
(Elsewhere, the son born of the body is seen, O bull among the Bharatas; the self indeed is not able to be killed, for this has reached the example.)
O best of the Bharatas, elsewhere a son born of the body is seen, but the self indeed cannot be killed, for it is established by this example. (13-49-17)
कश्चिच्च कृतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते। न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा प्रमाणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-४९-१८॥
kaścic ca kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṅgrahād eva lakṣyate। na tatra retaḥ kṣetraṃ vā pramāṇaṃ syād yudhiṣṭhira ॥13-49-18॥
[कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone; च (ca) - and; कृतकः (kṛtakaḥ) - artificial; made; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; सङ्ग्रहात् (saṅgrahāt) - from collection; from adoption; एव (eva) - indeed; only; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen; is recognized; न (na) - not; तत्र (tatra) - there; रेतः (retaḥ) - seed; semen; क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - field; womb; वा (vā) - or; प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - evidence; measure; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; is; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Someone and an artificial son is indeed seen from adoption only; not there seed, field or evidence would be, O Yudhiṣṭhira;)
Sometimes, an adopted son is recognized only by adoption; there, O Yudhiṣṭhira, neither seed, nor womb, nor any other evidence is present. (13-49-18)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कीदृशः कृतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते। शुक्रं क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं वा यत्र लक्ष्येत भारत ॥१३-४९-१९॥
kīdṛśaḥ kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṅgrahādeva lakṣyate। śukraṃ kṣetraṃ pramāṇaṃ vā yatra lakṣyeta bhārata ॥13-49-19॥
[कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind; कृतकः (kṛtakaḥ) - artificial; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; सङ्ग्रहात् (saṅgrahāt) - from collection; एव (eva) - indeed; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is observed; शुक्रं (śukraṃ) - semen; क्षेत्रं (kṣetraṃ) - field; प्रमाणं (pramāṇaṃ) - measure; वा (vā) - or; यत्र (yatra) - where; लक्ष्येत (lakṣyeta) - might be observed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Of what kind is the artificial son? From collection indeed he is observed. Semen, field, or measure, or where it might be observed, O Bhārata.)
What kind of son is an artificial one? He is recognized only by collection. O Bhārata, wherever semen, field, or measure may be observed. (13-49-19)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
मातापितृभ्यां सन्त्यक्तं पथि यं तु प्रलक्षयेत्। न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेते स हि कृत्रिमः ॥१३-४९-२०॥
mātāpitr̥bhyāṃ santyaktaṃ pathi yaṃ tu pralakṣayet। na cāsya mātāpitarau jñāyete sa hi kr̥trimaḥ ॥13-49-20॥
[मातापितृभ्यां (mātāpitr̥bhyāṃ) - by mother and father; सन्त्यक्तं (santyaktaṃ) - completely abandoned; पथि (pathi) - on the road; यं (yaṃ) - whom; तु (tu) - but; प्रलक्षयेत् (pralakṣayet) - one should observe; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - his; मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father; ज्ञायेते (jñāyete) - are known; स (sa) - he; हि (hi) - indeed; कृत्रिमः (kr̥trimaḥ) - artificial;]
(By mother and father completely abandoned on the road whom but one should observe, not and his mother and father are known, he indeed artificial.)
If one observes someone completely abandoned on the road by his mother and father, and whose parents are not known, he is indeed an artificial (child). (13-49-20)
अस्वामिकस्य स्वामित्वं यस्मिन्सम्प्रतिलक्षयेत्। सवर्णस्तं च पोषेत सवर्णस्तस्य जायते ॥१३-४९-२१॥
asvāmakasya svāmitvaṃ yasmin sampratilakṣayet। savarṇas taṃ ca poṣeta savarṇas tasya jāyate ॥13-49-21॥
[अस्वामिकस्य (asvāmakasya) - of what has no owner; स्वामित्वं (svāmitvam) - ownership; यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which; सम्प्रतिलक्षयेत् (sampratilakṣayet) - one should properly observe; सवर्णः (savarṇaḥ) - kinsman; तं (taṃ) - that; च (ca) - and; पोषेत् (poṣet) - should nourish; सवर्णः (savarṇaḥ) - kinsman; तस्य (tasya) - of him; जायते (jāyate) - becomes;]
(Of what has no owner, ownership in which one should properly observe; a kinsman should nourish that, and a kinsman of him becomes.)
Ownership of what has no owner should be properly determined; a kinsman should maintain it, and then the kinsman becomes its owner. (13-49-21)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कथमस्य प्रयोक्तव्यः संस्कारः कस्य वा कथम्। देया कन्या कथं चेति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३-४९-२२॥
katham asya prayoktavyaḥ saṁskāraḥ kasya vā katham। deyā kanyā kathaṁ ceti tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥13-49-22॥
[कथम् (katham) - how; अस्य (asya) - of this; प्रयोक्तव्यः (prayoktavyaḥ) - to be performed; संस्कारः (saṁskāraḥ) - rite; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; वा (vā) - or; कथम् (katham) - how; देया (deyā) - to be given; कन्या (kanyā) - maiden; कथम् (katham) - how; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(How of this to be performed rite, of whom or how, to be given maiden, how and thus, that to me tell, O grandsire. (13-49-22))
O grandsire, tell me how this rite is to be performed, for whom and in what manner, how the maiden is to be given, and all this. (13-49-22)
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhishma said;)
Bhishma said.
आत्मवत्तस्य कुर्वीत संस्कारं स्वामिवत्तथा। त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्णं प्रतिपद्यते। तद्गोत्रवर्णतस्तस्य कुर्यात्संस्कारमच्युत ॥१३-४९-२४॥
ātmavat-tasya kurvīta saṁskāraṁ svāmivat-tathā। tyakto mātā-pitṛbhyāṁ yaḥ savarṇaṁ pratipadyate। tad-gotra-varṇatas-tasya kuryāt saṁskāram acyuta ॥13-49-24॥
[आत्मवत् (ātmavat) - like oneself; तस्य (tasya) - of him; कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should perform; संस्कारं (saṁskāram) - sacrament; स्वामिवत् (svāmivat) - like a master; तथा (tathā) - in that way; त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - abandoned; माता (mātā) - mother; पितृभ्यां (pitṛbhyām) - by the parents; यः (yaḥ) - who; सवर्णं (savarṇam) - same caste; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains; तत् (tat) - that; गोत्रवर्णतः (gotra-varṇataḥ) - by lineage and caste; तस्य (tasya) - of him; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should perform; संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - sacrament; अच्युत (acyuta) - O Acyuta;]
(Of him who is like oneself, one should perform the sacrament as for a master, in that way. He who is abandoned by mother and father, who attains the same caste, for him, by lineage and caste, one should perform the sacrament, O Acyuta. (13-49-24))
O Acyuta, for one who is like oneself, the sacrament should be performed just as for a master. If someone is abandoned by both parents and is accepted into the same caste, then, according to his lineage and caste, the sacrament should be performed for him. (13-49-24)
अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात्तद्वर्णेन युधिष्ठिर। संस्कर्तुं मातृगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये ॥१३-४९-२५॥
atha deyā tu kanyā syāttadvarṇena yudhiṣṭhira। saṃskartuṃ mātṛgotraṃ ca mātṛvarṇaviniścaye ॥13-49-25॥
[अथ (atha) - now; देया (deyā) - should be given; तु (tu) - but; कन्या (kanyā) - maiden; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; तद्वर्णेन (tadvarṇena) - with that caste; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; संस्कर्तुं (saṃskartuṃ) - to perform the rite; मातृगोत्रं (mātṛgotraṃ) - mother's lineage; च (ca) - and; मातृवर्णविनिश्चये (mātṛvarṇaviniścaye) - in the determination of the mother's caste;]
(Now, the maiden should be given, but with that caste, O Yudhiṣṭhira, to perform the rite, the mother's lineage and in the determination of the mother's caste.)
Now, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the maiden should be given in marriage according to that caste; for performing the rite, the mother's lineage and the determination of the mother's caste should be considered. (13-49-25)
कानीनाध्यूढजौ चापि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ। तावपि स्वाविव सुतौ संस्कार्याविति निश्चयः ॥१३-४९-२६॥
kānīnādhyūḍhajau cāpi vijñeyau putrakilbiṣau। tāvapi svāviva sutau saṃskāryāviti niścayaḥ ॥13-49-26॥
[कानीन (kānīna) - born of an unmarried girl; अध्यूढजौ (adhyūḍhajau) - born after marriage; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; विज्ञेयौ (vijñeyau) - should be known; पुत्रकिल्बिषौ (putrakilbiṣau) - sons with sin; तौ (tau) - those two; अपि (api) - also; स्वाविव (svāviva) - like one's own; सुतौ (sutau) - sons; संस्कार्यौ (saṃskāryau) - should be consecrated; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision;]
(Kānīna and adhyūḍhaja, and also, should be known as sons with sin; those two also, like one's own sons, should be consecrated; thus, decision.)
Kānīna and adhyūḍhaja sons are also to be regarded as sinful sons; yet, it is decided that even these two should be consecrated like one's own sons. (13-49-26)
क्षेत्रजो वाप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्यथ। आत्मवद्वै प्रयुञ्जीरन्संस्कारं ब्राह्मणादयः ॥१३-४९-२७॥
kṣetrajo vāpyapasado ye'dhyūḍhāsteṣu cāpyatha। ātmavad vai prayuñjīran saṃskāraṃ brāhmaṇādayaḥ ॥13-49-27॥
[क्षेत्रजः (kṣetrajaḥ) - born of the field; वा (vā) - or; अप्यपसदः (apyapasadaḥ) - even the low-born; ये (ye) - who; अध्यूढाः (adhyūḍhāḥ) - have been married; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - then; आत्मवत् (ātmavat) - as oneself; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रयुञ्जीरन् (prayuñjīran) - should perform; संस्कारम् (saṃskāram) - purificatory rite; ब्राह्मणादयः (brāhmaṇādayaḥ) - Brāhmaṇas and others;]
(Born of the field or even the low-born who have been married, among them also then, as oneself indeed, should perform the purificatory rite, Brāhmaṇas and others.)
Brāhmaṇas and others should perform the purificatory rites for those born of the field or even the low-born who have been married, treating them as themselves. (13-49-27)
धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं प्रदृश्यते। एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-४९-२८॥
dharmaśāstreṣu varṇānāṃ niścayo'yaṃ pradṛśyate। etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi ॥13-49-28॥
[धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the treatises on dharma; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the classes; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty; अयम् (ayam) - this; प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is seen; एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been told; किम् (kim) - what; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - do you wish;]
(In the treatises on dharma, of the classes, certainty this is seen. This to you all has been told. What more to hear do you wish? (13-49-28))
The certainty regarding the classes is seen in the treatises on dharma. All this has been told to you. What more do you wish to hear? (13-49-28)
