13.097
chatropānahotpattiḥ
The origin of umbrellas and shoes.
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
Yudhishthira said.
yad idaṃ śrāddha-dharmeṣu dīyate bharatarṣabha. chatraṃ copānahau caiva kenaitat sampravartitam ॥ kathaṃ caitat samutpannaṃ kimarthaṃ ca pradīyate ॥13-97-1॥
O bull of the Bharatas, in these ancestor-rites, which umbrella and shoes indeed are given—by whom was this established? How did this originate, and for what purpose is it given? (13-97-1)
na kevalaṃ śrāddhadharme puṇyakeṣv api dīyate. etad vistarato rājan śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ ॥13-97-2॥
Not only in the ritual of śrāddha but also in other meritorious acts is this given. O king, I wish to hear this in detail and in truth. (13-97-2)
bhīṣma uvāca॥
Bhishma said.
śṛṇu rājan avahitaś chatropānahavistaram। yathaitat prathitaṃ loke yena caitat pravartitam ॥13-97-3॥
O king, listen attentively to the account of the umbrella, shoes, and seat—how this has become renowned in the world and by whom it was established. (13-97-3)
yathā cākṣayyatāṁ prāptaṁ puṇyatāṁ ca yathā gatam। sarvam etad aśeṣeṇa pravakṣyāmi janādhipa ॥13-97-4॥
O king, I shall now fully explain to you how things have attained imperishability and merit, and how all this has come to pass. (13-97-4)
itihāsaṃ purā-vṛttam imaṃ śṛṇu narādhipa। jamadagneś ca saṃvādaṃ sūryasya ca mahātmanaḥ॥13-97-5॥
O king, listen to this history, an ancient event, the conversation between Jamadagni and the great-souled Sūrya. (13-97-5)
purā sa bhagavān sākṣād dhanuṣā krīḍata prabho। sandhāya sandhāya śarān cikṣepa kila bhārgavaḥ॥13-97-6॥
O lord, formerly, that blessed Bhārgava (Paraśurāma), directly played with a bow and indeed, again and again, having fastened arrows, shot them. (13-97-6)
tāṅkṣiptānr̥eṇukā sarvāṁstasyēṣūndīptatējasaḥ. ānāyya sā tadā tasmai prādādasakr̥dacyuta ॥13-97-7॥
O Acyuta, Reṇukā, having gathered all of his blazing arrows that were thrown, then repeatedly gave them to him. (13-97-7)
atha tena sa śabdena jyātalasya śarasya ca। prahṛṣṭaḥ sampracikṣepa sā ca pratyājahāra tān ॥13-97-8॥
Then, delighted by the sound of the bowstring and the arrow, he discharged them; and she also withdrew them. (13-97-8)
tato madhyāhnam ārūḍhe jyeṣṭhāmūle divākare। sa sāyakān dvijo viddhvā reṇukām idam abravīt॥ 13-97-9॥
Then, when the sun had reached midday at the root of Jyeṣṭhā, he, the Brahmin, having shot Reṇukā with arrows, said this. (13-97-9)
gacchānaya viśālākṣi śarān etān dhanuścyutān। yāvad etān punaḥ subhru kṣipāmi iti janādhipa ॥13-97-10॥
The lord of men said: "Go, O wide-eyed one, and bring these arrows fallen from the bow; until then, O beautiful-browed one, I will cast these again." (13-97-10)
sā gacchaty antarā chāyāṃ vṛkṣam āśritya bhāminī । tasthau tasyā hi santaptaṃ śiraḥ pādau tathaiva ca ॥13-97-11॥
She, the beautiful lady, went between the shade, having taken shelter under a tree. She stood there; indeed, her head and her feet were both equally scorched. (13-97-11)
sthitā sā tu muhūrtaṁ vai bhartuḥ śāpabhayāc chubhā. yayāv ānayituṁ bhūyaḥ sāyakān asitekṣaṇā ॥ pratyājagāma ca śarāṁs tān ādāya yaśasvinī ॥13-97-12॥
But she, out of fear of her husband's curse, remained for a moment; then the auspicious, dark-eyed lady went again to fetch the arrows. Having taken those arrows, the illustrious one returned. (13-97-12)
sā prasvinnā sucārv-aṅgī padbhyāṁ duḥkhaṁ niyacchatī| upājagāma bhartāraṁ bhayād bhartuḥ pravepatī ॥13-97-13॥
She, perspiring and of beautiful limbs, enduring pain in her feet, approached her husband, trembling from fear of him. (13-97-13)
sa tām ṛṣis tataḥ kruddho vākyam āha śubhān anām। reṇuke kiṃ cireṇa tvam āgata iti punaḥ punaḥ ॥13-97-14॥
Thereupon, the sage, angered, spoke to her of auspicious name: "O Reṇukā, why have you come after so long?"—thus, again and again. (13-97-14)
reṇukovāca॥
Reṇukā said.
śiras tāvat pradīptaṁ me pādau caiva tapodhana। sūrya-tejo-niruddhāhaṁ vṛkṣa-chāyām upāśritā ॥13-97-15॥
O ascetic, my head is burning, and my feet as well; being checked by the sun's radiance, I have taken refuge in the shade of a tree. (13-97-15)
etasmāt kāraṇād brahman ciram etat kṛtaṃ mayā। etaj jñātvā mama vibho mā krudhaḥ tvaṃ tapodhana ॥13-97-16॥
O Brahman, for this reason, I have done this for a long time. Having understood this, O Lord, do not be angry with me, O ascetic. (13-97-16)
jamadagniḥ uvāca॥
Jamadagni said.
adya enaṃ dīptakiraṇaṃ reṇuke tava duḥkhadam | śaraiḥ nipātayiṣyāmi sūryamastrāgnitejasā ॥13-97-17॥
O Reṇukā, today I will bring down the Sun with arrows, whose brilliant rays are the cause of your sorrow, using the power of weapons and fire. (13-97-17)
bhīṣma uvāca॥
Bhīṣma said.
sa visphārya dhanur divyaṃ gṛhītvā ca bahūñ śarān | atiṣṭhat sūryam abhito yato yāti tato-mukhaḥ ॥13-97-18॥
He stretched his divine bow, took many arrows, and stood facing towards the direction of the sun's movement. (13-97-18)
atha taṃ prahariṣyantaṃ sūryo'bhyetya vaco'bravīt. dvijarūpeṇa kaunteya kiṃ te sūryo'parādhyate ॥13-97-19॥
Then, as he was about to strike, the Sun approached and spoke: 'In the form of a brāhmaṇa, O son of Kunti, why has the Sun been wronged by you?' (13-97-19)
ādattē raśmibhiḥ sūryō divi vidvaṃstatastataḥ। rasaṃ sa taṃ vai varṣāsu pravaṛṣati divākaraḥ ॥13-97-20॥
The Sun, knowing, takes in the essence from various places in the sky with his rays; he indeed pours out that essence during the rainy season (13-97-20).
tato'naṃ jāyate vipra manuṣyāṇāṃ sukhāvaham। annaṃ prāṇā iti yathā vedeṣu paripaṭhyate ॥13-97-21॥
From that, O wise one, food arises for men, bringing happiness. Food and vital breaths—so it is extensively proclaimed in the Vedas. (13-97-21)
athābhreṣu nigūḍhaś ca raśmibhiḥ parivāritaḥ। sapta dvīpān imān brahman varṣeṇa abhipravarṣati॥13-97-22॥
Then, hidden in the clouds and surrounded by rays, he showers rain upon these seven islands, O Brahman. (13-97-22)
tatas tad auṣadhīnāṃ ca vīrudhāṃ patra-puṣpa-jam। sarvaṃ varṣābhinirvṛttam annaṃ sambhavati prabho॥13-97-23॥
Then, O lord, all the food born from the leaves and flowers of herbs and creepers arises after the rains. (13-97-23)
jātakarmāṇi sarvāṇi vratopanayanāni ca। godānāni vivāhāś ca tathā yajñasamṛddhayaḥ ॥13-97-24॥
All birth rites, initiation rituals and vows, gifts of cows, marriages, and also the prosperities of sacrifices. (13-97-24)
satrāṇi dānāni tathā saṃyogā vittasañcayāḥ। annataḥ sampravartante yathā tvaṃ vettha bhārgava ॥13-97-25॥
O Bhārgava, as you know, sacrificial sessions, gifts, all gatherings, and accumulations of wealth arise from food. (13-97-25)
ramaṇīyāni yāvanti yāvadārambhakāṇi ca। sarvam annāt prabhavati viditaṃ kīrtayāmi te॥13-97-26॥
All pleasant things and all beginnings proceed from food; having realized this, I declare it to you. (13-97-26)
sarvaṃ hi vettha vipra tvaṃ yad etat kīrtitaṃ mayā। prasādaye tvā vipraṛṣe kiṃ te sūryo nipātyate॥13-97-27॥
You, O brāhmaṇa, truly know all that I have recounted. I respectfully ask you, O brāhmaṇa-sage, why is the sun brought down for your sake? (13-97-27)
