13.129
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
उक्तास्त्वया पृथग्धर्माश्चातुर्वर्ण्यहिताः शुभाः। सर्वव्यापी तु यो धर्मो भगवंस्तं ब्रवीहि मे ॥१३-१२९-१॥
You have spoken of the various auspicious virtues beneficial for the four varṇas; but, O revered one, speak to me of that all-pervading dharma. (13-129-1)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The Great Lord said.
ब्राह्मणा लोकसारेण सृष्टा धात्रा गुणार्थिना। लोकांस्तारयितुं कृत्स्नान्मर्त्येषु क्षितिदेवताः ॥१३-१२९-२॥
Brāhmaṇas, formed from the essence of the people by the Creator seeking virtue, are the earthly deities among mortals, meant to bring all the worlds across. (13-129-2)
तेषामिमं प्रवक्ष्यामि धर्मकर्मफलोदयम्। ब्राह्मणेषु हि यो धर्मः स धर्मः परमो मतः ॥१३-१२९-३॥
Of them, I shall now declare the result of righteous actions. The dharma which is among brāhmaṇas is considered the supreme dharma. (13-129-3)
इमे तु लोकधर्मार्थं त्रयः सृष्टाः स्वयम्भुवा। पृथिव्याः सर्जने नित्यं सृष्टास्तानपि मे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-४॥
But these three were created by the Self-existent for the sake of the world’s duties; in the perpetual creation of the earth, they are always created—listen to those from me. (13-129-4)
वेदोक्तः परमो धर्मः स्मृतिशास्त्रगतोऽपरः। शिष्टाचीर्णः परः प्रोक्तस्त्रयो धर्माः सनातनाः ॥१३-१२९-५॥
It is said that the supreme duty is what is declared in the Veda; secondary is what is found in the Smṛti-śāstras; and further, what is followed by the virtuous—these three duties are eternal. (13-129-5)
त्रैविद्यो ब्राह्मणो विद्वान्न चाध्ययनजीवनः। त्रिकर्मा त्रिपरिक्रान्तो मैत्र एष स्मृतो द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-६॥
One who knows the three Vedas, is a brāhmaṇa, learned, does not live solely by study, performs the three sacred duties, has passed through the three stages of life, and is friendly—this person is regarded as a true twice-born. (13-129-6)
षडिमानि तु कर्माणि प्रोवाच भुवनेश्वरः। वृत्त्यर्थं ब्राह्मणानां वै शृणु तानि समाहिता ॥१३-१२९-७॥
Bhuvaneśvara declared these six actions for the livelihood of Brāhmaṇas; indeed, hear those well-collected (13-129-7)
यजनं याजनं चैव तथा दानप्रतिग्रहौ। अध्यापनमधीतं च षट्कर्मा धर्मभाग्द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-८॥
The twice-born who performs the six duties—sacrificing, causing to sacrifice, giving and accepting gifts, teaching, and studying—is entitled to follow dharma. (13-129-8)
नित्यस्वाध्यायता धर्मो धर्मो यज्ञः सनातनः। दानं प्रशस्यते चास्य यथाशक्ति यथाविधि ॥१३-१२९-९॥
Constant self-study is duty; duty, as sacrifice, is eternal. Charity is praised and, in this, is to be given according to one's capacity and prescribed rules. (13-129-9)
अयं तु परमो धर्मः प्रवृत्तः सत्सु नित्यशः। गृहस्थता विशुद्धानां धर्मस्य निचयो महान् ॥१३-१२९-१०॥
But this indeed is the supreme duty, established among the virtuous at all times; householdership for the pure is a great accumulation of dharma. (13-129-10)
पञ्चयज्ञविशुद्धात्मा सत्यवागनसूयकः। दाता ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता सुसंमृष्टनिवेशनः ॥१३-१२९-११॥
One whose self has been purified by the five sacrifices, who speaks the truth, who is free from envy, a giver, one who honors brāhmaṇas, and whose dwelling place is well kept clean. (13-129-11)
अमानी च सदाजिह्मः स्निग्धवाणीप्रदस्तथा। अतिथ्यभ्यागतरतिः शेषान्नकृतभोजनः ॥१३-१२९-१२॥
He is humble and always honest, likewise one who speaks gently, delights in welcoming guests, and makes meals of leftovers. (13-129-12)
पाद्यमर्घ्यं यथान्यायमासनं शयनं तथा। दीपं प्रतिश्रयं चापि यो ददाति स धार्मिकः ॥१३-१२९-१३॥
He who gives, according to propriety, water for washing feet, welcoming water, a seat, a bed, a lamp, and shelter, is righteous. (13-129-13)
प्रातरुत्थाय चाचम्य भोजनेनोपमन्त्र्य च। सत्कृत्यानुव्रजेद्यश्च तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-१२९-१४॥
Rising in the morning, having performed ācamana, inviting to food with respect and courtesy, and then respectfully following him—this is his eternal duty. (13-129-14)
सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति दिवानिशम्। शूद्रधर्मः समाख्यातस्त्रिवर्णपरिचारणम् ॥१३-१२९-१५॥
Extending complete hospitality, in pursuit of the three aims of life, to the best of one’s ability day and night—this is described as the duty of a Śūdra: service to the three (higher) castes. (13-129-15)
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो गृहस्थेषु विधीयते। तमहं कीर्तयिष्यामि सर्वभूतहितं शुभम् ॥१३-१२९-१६॥
The duty characterized by active engagement is prescribed for householders. I will now declare that auspicious conduct, which is beneficial to all beings. (13-129-16)
दातव्यमसकृच्छक्त्या यष्टव्यमसकृत्तथा। पुष्टिकर्मविधानं च कर्तव्यं भूतिमिच्छता ॥१३-१२९-१७॥
One who desires prosperity should repeatedly give according to ability, should perform sacrifices likewise, and should also undertake acts of nourishment and prescribed rites. (13-129-17)
धर्मेणार्थः समाहार्यो धर्मलब्धं त्रिधा धनम्। कर्तव्यं धर्मपरमं मानवेन प्रयत्नतः ॥१३-१२९-१८॥
Wealth should be acquired through righteousness; wealth obtained lawfully is of three kinds; a person should diligently pursue what is supremely righteous. (13-129-18)
एकेनांशेन धर्मार्थश्चर्तव्यो भूतिमिच्छता। एकेनांशेन कामार्थ एकमंशं विवर्धयेत् ॥१३-१२९-१९॥
One who desires prosperity should dedicate one part to the pursuit of righteousness and one part to the pursuit of desire, and another part should be increased. (13-129-19)
निवृत्तिलक्षणस्त्वन्यो धर्मो मोक्ष इति स्मृतः। तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु मे देवि तत्त्वतः ॥१३-१२९-२०॥
But another duty, characterized by cessation, is known as liberation. I shall explain its function to you; listen to me truly, O Goddess. (13-129-20)
सर्वभूतदया धर्मो न चैकग्रामवासिता। आशापाशविमोक्षश्च शस्यते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिणाम् ॥१३-१२९-२१॥
Compassion toward all beings is dharma, but residing in only one village is not. Freedom from the bonds of desire is praised for those who seek liberation. (13-129-21)
न कुण्ड्यां नोदके सङ्गो न वाससि न चासने। न त्रिदण्डे न शयने नाग्नौ न शरणालये ॥१३-१२९-२२॥
Attachment is not in the water-pot, nor in water, nor in clothing, nor in the seat, nor in the staff, nor in the bed, nor in fire, nor in shelter. (13-129-22)
अध्यात्मगतचित्तो यस्तन्मनास्तत्परायणः। युक्तो योगं प्रति सदा प्रतिसङ्ख्यानमेव च ॥१३-१२९-२३॥
He whose mind is absorbed in the self, who is intent and devoted to that, ever engaged in yoga and discriminative knowledge—such a one is united. (13-129-23)
वृक्षकूलशयो नित्यं शून्यागारनिवेशनः। नदीपुलिनशायी च नदीतीररतिश्च यः ॥१३-१२९-२४॥
He who always lies at the foot of a tree, lives in an empty house, sleeps on a river bank and delights in the riverbank—such a one. (13-129-24)
विमुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेषु स्नेहबन्धेषु च द्विजः। आत्मन्येवात्मनो भावं समासज्याटति द्विजः ॥१३-१२९-२५॥
The twice-born, liberated from all attachments and bonds of affection, moving with his mind fixed only on the state of self, goes about. (13-129-25)
स्थाणुभूतो निराहारो मोक्षदृष्टेन कर्मणा। परिव्रजति यो युक्तस्तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३-१२९-२६॥
For one who, becoming motionless, is without food, acts with the aim of liberation, and wanders in discipline, his dharma is eternal. (13-129-26)
न चैकत्र चिरासक्तो न चैकग्रामगोचरः। युक्तो ह्यटति निर्मुक्तो न चैकपुलिनेशयः ॥१३-१२९-२७॥
He is not long attached to a single place, nor does he roam in only one village. Being united (with Self), indeed he wanders, set free, and he does not rest on a single sandbank. (13-129-27)
एष मोक्षविदां धर्मो वेदोक्तः सत्पथः सताम्। यो मार्गमनुयातीमं पदं तस्य न विद्यते ॥१३-१२९-२८॥
This is the duty of the knowers of liberation, prescribed in the Veda, the true path of the virtuous; whoever follows this path, for him, this state does not exist. (13-129-28)
चतुर्विधा भिक्षवस्ते कुटीचरकृतोदकः। हंसः परमहंसश्च यो यः पश्चात्स उत्तमः ॥१३-१२९-२९॥
There are four kinds of ascetics: the hut-dweller, the performer of ablutions, the swan, and the supreme swan. Of these, whoever comes later is the best. (13-129-29)
अतः परतरं नास्ति नाधरं न तिरोऽग्रतः। अदुःखमसुखं सौम्यमजरामरमव्ययम् ॥१३-१२९-३०॥
Therefore, there is nothing higher nor lower, nor in front nor beyond; it is without sorrow, without pleasure, serene, ageless, immortal, and imperishable. (13-129-30)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
गार्हस्थ्यो मोक्षधर्मश्च सज्जनाचरितस्त्वया। भाषितो मर्त्यलोकस्य मार्गः श्रेयस्करो महान् ॥१३-१२९-३१॥
You have spoken of the householder's duties and the path of liberation, practiced by the virtuous, which is the great path leading to the highest good for mortals. (13-129-31)
ऋषिधर्मं तु धर्मज्ञ श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यनुत्तमम्। स्पृहा भवति मे नित्यं तपोवननिवासिषु ॥१३-१२९-३२॥
I wish to hear about the unsurpassed duties of sages, O knower of dharma. I always have a longing for those who dwell in the forest practicing austerities. (13-129-32)
आज्यधूमोद्भवो गन्धो रुणद्धीव तपोवनम्। तं दृष्ट्वा मे मनः प्रीतं महेश्वर सदा भवेत् ॥१३-१२९-३३॥
O Maheśvara, may my mind always be pleased having seen that the fragrance arising from the smoke of clarified butter pervades the hermitage. (13-129-33)
एतं मे संशयं देव मुनिधर्मकृतं विभो। सर्वधर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञ देवदेव वदस्व मे ॥ निखिलेन मया पृष्टं महादेव यथातथम् ॥१३-१२९-३४॥
O god, this doubt of mine, arising from the law of sages, O mighty one, knower of the true nature of all dharma and artha, O god of gods, please tell me everything as it is, about that which I have asked completely, O Mahadeva. (13-129-34)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said.
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि मुनिधर्ममनुत्तमम्। यं कृत्वा मुनयो यान्ति सिद्धिं स्वतपसा शुभे ॥१३-१२९-३५॥
Now then, I shall tell you the supreme duty of sages, by performing which sages attain perfection through their own penance, O auspicious one. (13-129-35)
फेनपानामृषीणां यो धर्मो धर्मविदां सदा। तं मे शृणु महाभागे धर्मज्ञे धर्ममादितः ॥१३-१२९-३६॥
O greatly fortunate one, O knower of dharma, always listen to me about that law of the sages who subsist on foam, which is the original dharma of those who know dharma. (13-129-36)
उञ्छन्ति सततं तस्मिन्ब्राह्मं फेनोत्करं शुभम्। अमृतं ब्रह्मणा पीतं मधुरं प्रसृतं दिवि ॥१३-१२९-३७॥
They constantly collect there the auspicious Brahmanic mass of foam—the sweet nectar, drunk by Brahmā, which is spread in heaven. (13-129-37)
एष तेषां विशुद्धानां फेनपानां तपोधने। धर्मचर्याकृतो मार्गो वालखिल्यगणे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-३८॥
O assembly of Vālakhilyas! O treasure of austerity, hear the path established for the practice of dharma of those pure ones who drink foam. (13-129-38)
वालखिल्यास्तपःसिद्धा मुनयः सूर्यमण्डले। उञ्छमुञ्छन्ति धर्मज्ञाः शाकुनीं वृत्तिमास्थिताः ॥१३-१२९-३९॥
The Vālakhilya sages, perfected in austerity and knowers of dharma, residing in the orb of the sun, glean for a living, practising the way of life of birds. (13-129-39)
मृगनिर्मोकवसनाश्चीरवल्कलवाससः। निर्द्वंद्वाः सत्पथं प्राप्ता वालखिल्यास्तपोधनाः ॥१३-१२९-४०॥
The Vālakhilyas, rich in austerity, wearing deerskin and bark clothing, clad in rags, free from the pairs of opposites, have attained the path of righteousness. (13-129-40)
अङ्गुष्ठपर्वमात्रास्ते स्वेष्वङ्गेषु व्यवस्थिताः। तपश्चरणमीहन्ते तेषां धर्मफलं महत् ॥१३-१२९-४१॥
They, whose forms are of the size of a thumb-joint and are located within their respective limbs, strive to perform austerity; for them, the result of righteousness is great. (13-129-41)
ते सुरैः समतां यान्ति सुरकार्यार्थसिद्धये। द्योतयन्तो दिशः सर्वास्तपसा दग्धकिल्बिषाः ॥१३-१२९-४२॥
They attain equality with the gods for accomplishing the divine purpose, illuminating all quarters, their sins burned away by austerity. (13-129-42)
ये त्वन्ये शुद्धमनसो दयाधर्मपरायणाः। सन्तश्चक्रचराः पुण्याः सोमलोकचराश्च ये ॥१३-१२९-४३॥
And those others who have pure minds, devoted to compassion and righteousness—the virtuous, the wheel-followers, the meritorious, and those who dwell in the Soma world—(13-129-43)
पितृलोकसमीपस्थास्त उञ्छन्ति यथाविधि। सम्प्रक्षालाश्मकुट्टाश्च दन्तोलूखलिनस्तथा ॥१३-१२९-४४॥
Those who dwell near the world of ancestors glean according to the proper rites; likewise, those who wash and pound (their food) with stones and those who use their teeth or mortars. (13-129-44)
सोमपानां च देवानामूष्मपाणां तथैव च। उञ्छन्ति ये समीपस्थाः स्वभावनियतेन्द्रियाः ॥१३-१२९-४५॥
Those who stand near the drinkers of Soma, the gods, and the drinkers of warmth, and whose senses are restrained by their own nature, gather (benefit from it) as well. (13-129-45)
तेषामग्निपरिष्यन्दः पितृदेवार्चनं तथा। यज्ञानां चापि पञ्चानां यजनं धर्म उच्यते ॥१३-१२९-४६॥
For them, the product of fire (offerings), the worship of ancestors and gods likewise, and the offering of the five sacrifices—these are said to be duty. (13-129-46)
एष चक्रचरैर्देवि देवलोकचरैर्द्विजैः। ऋषिधर्मः सदा चीर्णो योऽन्यस्तमपि मे शृणु ॥१३-१२९-४७॥
This duty of the sages has always been practiced by those who move in cycles, O goddess, by those who dwell in the world of the gods, and by the twice-born. Listen also to another duty which I shall tell you. (13-129-47)
सर्वेष्वेवर्षिधर्मेषु जेय आत्मा जितेन्द्रियः। कामक्रोधौ ततः पश्चाज्जेतव्याविति मे मतिः ॥१३-१२९-४८॥
Among all the duties of ṛṣis, my view is that first the self, having conquered the senses, is to be mastered; only then, afterwards, should desire and anger be overcome. (13-129-48)
अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो धर्मरात्रिसमासनम्। सोमयज्ञाभ्यनुज्ञानं पञ्चमी यज्ञदक्षिणा ॥१३-१२९-४९॥
The vibration of the Agnihotra, the conclusion of the night of righteousness, the authorization of the Soma-sacrifice, the fifth is the sacrificial gift. (13-129-49)
नित्यं यज्ञक्रिया धर्मः पितृदेवार्चने रतिः। सर्वातिथ्यं च कर्तव्यमन्नेनोञ्छार्जितेन वै ॥१३-१२९-५०॥
Sacrificial acts are always a duty, as is delight in worship of ancestors and gods; hospitality to all guests should indeed be performed with food acquired by gleaning. (13-129-50)
निवृत्तिरुपभोगस्य गोरसानां च वै रतिः। स्थण्डिले शयनं योगः शाकपर्णनिषेवणम् ॥१३-१२९-५१॥
Ceasing enjoyment, abstaining from dairy products, finding pleasure; lying on the ground is discipline; eating vegetable leaves. (13-129-51)
फलमूलाशनं वायुरापः शैवलभक्षणम्। ऋषीणां नियमा ह्येते यैर्जयन्त्यजितां गतिम् ॥१३-१२९-५२॥
Eating fruits and roots, subsisting on air and water, and eating water-weeds—these are indeed the disciplines of sages by which they conquer the unconquered goal. (13-129-52)
विधूमे न्यस्तमुसले व्यङ्गारे भुक्तवज्जने। अतीतपात्रसञ्चारे काले विगतभैक्षके ॥१३-१२९-५३॥
When the smoke has died out, the pestle is laid aside, the cooking fire is cold, the person has finished eating, the dishes have been removed, and the time of seeking alms has passed. (13-129-53)
अतिथिं काङ्क्षमाणो वै शेषान्नकृतभोजनः। सत्यधर्मरतिः क्षान्तो मुनिधर्मेण युज्यते ॥१३-१२९-५४॥
He who desires a guest, takes his meal from the leftover food, delights in truth and righteousness, is forbearing, is endowed with the conduct of a sage. (13-129-54)
न स्तम्भी न च मानी यो न प्रमत्तो न विस्मितः। मित्रामित्रसमो मैत्रो यः स धर्मविदुत्तमः ॥१३-१२९-५५॥
He who is neither arrogant nor conceited, who is not heedless or astonished, who is friendly and equal towards friends and foes—he is the best knower of dharma. (13-129-55)
