13.132
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (a proper name; the goddess Umā); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said;
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश सुरासुरनमस्कृत। धर्माधर्मे नृणां देव ब्रूहि मे संशयं विभो ॥१३-१३२-१॥
bhagavan sarvabhūteśa surāsuranamaskṛta। dharmādharme nṛṇāṃ deva brūhi me saṃśayaṃ vibho ॥13-132-1॥
[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; सर्वभूतेश (sarvabhūteśa) - Lord of all beings; सुरासुरनमस्कृत (surāsuranamaskṛta) - worshipped by gods and asuras; धर्माधर्मे (dharmādharme) - in righteousness and unrighteousness; नृणां (nṛṇām) - of men; देव (deva) - O divine one; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak; मे (me) - to me; संशयं (saṃśayam) - doubt; विभो (vibho) - O all-pervading one;]
(O Lord, Lord of all beings, worshipped by gods and asuras, in righteousness and unrighteousness of men, O divine one, speak to me the doubt, O all-pervading one. (13-132-1))
O Lord, Lord of all beings, worshipped by gods and asuras, please tell me about my doubt regarding righteousness and unrighteousness among men, O divine one, O all-pervading one. (13-132-1)
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा त्रिविधं हि नरः सदा। बध्यते बन्धनैः पाशैर्मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः ॥१३-१३२-२॥
karmaṇā manasā vācā trividhaṁ hi naraḥ sadā। badhyate bandhanaiḥ pāśair mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ ॥13-132-2॥
[कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; वाचा (vācā) - by speech; त्रिविधं (trividhaṁ) - threefold; हि (hi) - indeed; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सदा (sadā) - always; बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound; बन्धनैः (bandhanaiḥ) - by bonds; पाशैः (pāśaiḥ) - by fetters; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(By action, by mind, by speech, threefold indeed man always is bound by bonds, by fetters, is also released or or again.)
A man is always bound by bonds and fetters of three kinds—by action, by mind, and by speech; he is also released, or bound again, in these ways. (13-132-2)
केन शीलेन वा देव कर्मणा कीदृशेन वा। समाचारैर्गुणैर्वाक्यैः स्वर्गं यान्तीह मानवाः ॥१३-१३२-३॥
kena śīlena vā deva karmaṇā kīdreṇ(a) vā। samācārair guṇair vākyaiḥ svargaṃ yāntīha mānavāḥ॥13-132-3॥
[केन (kena) - by which; (instrumental singular of 'kim') शीलेन (śīlena) - by conduct; (instrumental singular of 'śīla') वा (vā) - or; देव (deva) - O divine one; (vocative singular of 'deva') कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; (instrumental singular of 'karma') कीदृशेन (kīdṛśena) - of what kind; (instrumental singular of 'kīdṛśa') वा (vā) - or; समाचारैः (samācāraiḥ) - by behaviors; (instrumental plural of 'samācāra') गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities; (instrumental plural of 'guṇa') वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words; (instrumental plural of 'vākya') स्वर्गं (svargaṃ) - heaven; (accusative singular of 'svarga') यान्ति (yānti) - they go; (third person plural present of 'yā') इह (iha) - here; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people; (nominative plural of 'mānava');]
(By which conduct or, O divine one, by what kind of action or, by behaviors, by qualities, by words, here people go to heaven.)
By what conduct, O divine one, or by what kind of action, or by what behaviors, qualities, and words do people here attain heaven? (13-132-3)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(the great lord said;)
The great lord said;
देवि धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे सत्यनित्ये दमे रते। सर्वप्राणिहितः प्रश्नः श्रूयतां बुद्धिवर्धनः ॥१३-१३२-४॥
devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame rate। sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatāṃ buddhivardhanaḥ ॥13-132-4॥
[देवि (devi) - O goddess; धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे (dharmārthatattvajñe) - knower of the essence of dharma and artha; सत्यनित्ये (satyanitye) - true and eternal; दमे (dame) - in self-control; रते (rate) - delighted; सर्वप्राणिहितः (sarvaprāṇihitaḥ) - beneficial to all beings; प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - question; श्रूयतां (śrūyatāṃ) - may be heard; बुद्धिवर्धनः (buddhivardhanaḥ) - intellect-increasing;]
(O goddess, knower of the essence of dharma and artha, true and eternal, delighted in self-control, the question beneficial to all beings may be heard, intellect-increasing.)
O goddess, knower of the essential truths of dharma and artha, ever steadfast and devoted to self-restraint, please hear this question, which is for the good of all beings and increases intelligence. (13-132-4)
सत्यधर्मरताः सन्तः सर्वलिप्साविवर्जिताः। नाधर्मेण न धर्मेण बध्यन्ते छिन्नसंशयाः ॥१३-१३२-५॥
satyadharmaratāḥ santaḥ sarvalipsāvivarjitāḥ। nādharmeṇa na dharmeṇa badhyante chinnasaṁśayāḥ ॥13-132-5॥
[सत्यधर्मरताः (satyadharmaratāḥ) - delighting in truth and righteousness; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good (people); सर्वलिप्साविवर्जिताः (sarvalipsāvivarjitāḥ) - devoid of all greed; नाधर्मेण (na adharmeṇa) - not by unrighteousness; न (na) - not; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; बध्यन्ते (badhyante) - are bound; छिन्नसंशयाः (chinnasaṁśayāḥ) - those whose doubts are cut away;]
(Delighting in truth and righteousness, the good, devoid of all greed, are not bound by unrighteousness nor by righteousness, those whose doubts are cut away.)
Those who delight in truth and righteousness, who are good and free from all greed, whose doubts have been destroyed, are not bound either by unrighteousness or by righteousness. (13-132-5)
प्रलयोत्पत्तितत्त्वज्ञाः सर्वज्ञाः समदर्शिनः। वीतरागा विमुच्यन्ते पुरुषाः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥१३-१३२-६॥
pralayotpattitattvajñāḥ sarvajñāḥ samadarśinaḥ। vītarāgā vimucyante puruṣāḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ॥13-132-6॥
[प्रलयोत्पत्तितत्त्वज्ञाः (pralayotpattitattvajñāḥ) - knowers of the truth of dissolution and creation; सर्वज्ञाः (sarvajñāḥ) - omniscient; समदर्शिनः (samadarśinaḥ) - those who see equally; वीतरागाः (vītarāgāḥ) - those devoid of passion; विमुच्यन्ते (vimucyante) - are liberated; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons; सर्वबन्धनैः (sarvabandhanaiḥ) - from all bonds;]
(Knowers of the truth of dissolution and creation, omniscient, those who see equally, those devoid of passion, are liberated, persons, from all bonds.)
Persons who know the truth of dissolution and creation, who are omniscient, who see equally, and who are devoid of passion, are liberated from all bonds. (13-132-6)
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ये न हिंसन्ति किञ्चन। ये न सज्जन्ति कस्मिंश्चिद्बध्यन्ते ते न कर्मभिः ॥१३-१३२-७॥
karmaṇā manasā vācā ye na hiṃsanti kiñcana। ye na sajjanti kasmiṃścid badhyante te na karmabhiḥ ॥13-132-7॥
[कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; वाचा (vācā) - by speech; ये (ye) - those who; न (na) - not; हिंसन्ति (hiṃsanti) - injure; harm; किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything; ये (ye) - those who; न (na) - not; सज्जन्ति (sajjanti) - attach (themselves); कस्मिंश्चिद् (kasmiṃścid) - to anything; बध्यन्ते (badhyante) - are bound; ते (te) - they; न (na) - not; कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions;]
(By action, by mind, by speech, those who do not harm anything; those who do not attach (themselves) to anything, they are not bound by actions.)
Those who, by action, mind, or speech, do not harm anything; who do not attach themselves to anything, they are not bound by actions. (13-132-7)
प्राणातिपाताद्विरताः शीलवन्तो दयान्विताः। तुल्यद्वेष्यप्रिया दान्ता मुच्यन्ते कर्मबन्धनैः ॥१३-१३२-८॥
prāṇātippātād viratāḥ śīlavanto dayānvitāḥ। tulyadveṣyapriyā dāntā mucyante karmabandhanaiḥ ॥13-132-8॥
[प्राणातिपातात् (prāṇātippātāt) - from killing living beings; विरताः (viratāḥ) - refrained; शीलवन्तः (śīlavantaḥ) - possessing conduct; दयान्विताः (dayānvitāḥ) - endowed with compassion; तुल्यद्वेष्यप्रियाः (tulyadveṣyapriyāḥ) - regarding enemy and beloved equally; दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-restrained; मुच्यन्ते (mucyante) - are released; कर्मबन्धनैः (karmabandhanaiḥ) - from bonds of action;]
(From killing living beings refrained, possessing conduct, endowed with compassion, regarding enemy and beloved equally, self-restrained, are released from bonds of action.)
Those who refrain from killing living beings, possess virtuous conduct, are compassionate, regard enemy and beloved equally, and are self-restrained, are freed from the bonds of action. (13-132-8)
सर्वभूतदयावन्तो विश्वास्याः सर्वजन्तुषु। त्यक्तहिंसासमाचारास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-९॥
sarvabhūtadayāvanto viśvāsyāḥ sarvajantuṣu। tyaktahiṃsāsamācārās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-9॥
[सर्वभूतदयावन्तः (sarvabhūtadayāvantaḥ) - endowed with compassion for all beings; विश्वास्याः (viśvāsyāḥ) - trustworthy; सर्वजन्तुषु (sarvajantuṣu) - towards all creatures; त्यक्तहिंसासमाचाराः (tyaktahiṃsāsamācārāḥ) - whose conduct is free from violence; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Endowed with compassion for all beings, trustworthy towards all creatures, whose conduct is free from violence, they men going to heaven.)
Those men who are compassionate to all beings, trustworthy towards all creatures, and act without violence—those go to heaven. (13-132-9)
परस्वे निर्ममा नित्यं परदारविवर्जकाः। धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१०॥
parasve nirmamā nityaṃ paradāravivarjakāḥ। dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-10॥
[परस्वे (parasve) - in another's property; निर्ममा (nirmamā) - without possessiveness; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; परदारविवर्जकाः (paradāravivarjakāḥ) - avoiders of other’s wives; धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारः (dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraḥ) - enjoyers of wealth obtained by righteousness; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(In another's property, without possessiveness, always; avoiders of other’s wives; enjoyers of wealth obtained by righteousness; they, men, goers to heaven.)
Men who are always free from possessiveness with regard to another's property, who avoid the wives of others, and who enjoy wealth acquired through righteousness—these go to heaven. (13-132-10)
मातृवत्स्वसृवच्चैव नित्यं दुहितृवच्च ये। परदारेषु वर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-११॥
mātṛvat svasṛvat ca eva nityaṃ duhitṛvat ca ye। paradāreṣu vartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-11॥
[मातृवत् (mātṛ-vat) - like (their) mother; स्वसृवत् (svasṛ-vat) - like (their) sister; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; दुहितृवत् (duhitṛ-vat) - like (their) daughter; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; परदारेषु (paradāreṣu) - with others' wives; वर्तन्ते (vartante) - conduct themselves; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svarga-gāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(Who always conduct themselves towards others' wives like (their) mother, like (their) sister, and like (their) daughter, those men are goers to heaven.)
Men who always treat other men's wives like their own mother, sister, or daughter are destined for heaven. (13-132-11)
स्तैन्यान्निवृत्ताः सततं सन्तुष्टाः स्वधनेन च। स्वभाग्यान्युपजीवन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१२॥
stainyān nivṛttāḥ satataṁ santuṣṭāḥ svadhanena ca। svabhāgyān upajīvanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-12॥
[स्तैन्यात् (stainyāt) - from theft; निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - turned away; सततम् (satatam) - always; सन्तुष्टाः (santuṣṭāḥ) - content; स्वधनेन (svadhanena) - with one's own wealth; च (ca) - and; स्वभाग्यानि (svabhāgyāni) - own shares of fortune; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - they live upon; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(From theft turned away, always content, with one's own wealth and, own shares of fortune they live upon, those men going to heaven.)
Those men who have turned away from theft, are always content with their own wealth, and live upon their own fortune—those men go to heaven. (13-132-12)
स्वदारनिरता ये च ऋतुकालाभिगामिनः। अग्राम्यसुखभोगाश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१३॥
svadāraniratā ye ca ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ। agrāmyasukhabhogāś ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-13॥
[स्वदारनिरताः (svadāraniratāḥ) - devoted to their own wives; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; ऋतुकालाभिगामिनः (ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ) - approaching (wife) only at the proper (monthly) season; अग्राम्यसुखभोगाः (agrāmyasukhabhogāḥ) - enjoying pleasures not (of) the vulgar type; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - destined for heaven;]
(Devoted to their own wives, who and at the proper season approaching (wife); not enjoying vulgar pleasures and those men destined for heaven.)
Those men who are devoted to their own wives and approach them only at the proper season, and who do not partake in vulgar pleasures—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-13)
परदारेषु ये नित्यं चारित्रावृतलोचनाः। यतेन्द्रियाः शीलपरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१४॥
paradāreṣu ye nityaṃ cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ। yatendriyāḥ śīlaparāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-14॥
[परदारेषु (paradāreṣu) - towards others’ wives; ये (ye) - who; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; चारित्रावृतलोचनाः (cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ) - whose eyes are covered by (the sense of) morality; यतेन्द्रियाः (yatendriyāḥ) - who have restrained senses; शीलपराः (śīlaparāḥ) - devoted to character; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - go to heaven;]
(Towards others’ wives, who always whose eyes are covered by morality, who have restrained senses, devoted to character, they men go to heaven.)
Men who always keep their eyes covered by morality towards others’ wives, who have restrained their senses and are devoted to good conduct, go to heaven. (13-132-14)
एष देवकृतो मार्गः सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः। अकषायकृतश्चैव मार्गः सेव्यः सदा बुधैः ॥१३-१३२-१५॥
eṣa devakṛto mārgaḥ sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ। akaṣāyakṛtaścaiva mārgaḥ sevyaḥ sadā budhaiḥ॥13-132-15॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; देवकृतः (devakṛtaḥ) - made by the gods; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; सेवितव्यः (sevitavyaḥ) - to be followed; सदा (sadā) - always; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; अकषायकृतः (akaṣāyakṛtaḥ) - not made by the impure; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; सेव्यः (sevyaḥ) - to be followed; सदा (sadā) - always; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise;]
(This path made by the gods is to be followed always by men. And the path not made by the impure is indeed to be followed always by the wise.)
This path created by the gods should always be followed by men; and the path not devised by the impure should always be followed by the wise. (13-132-15)
दानधर्मतपोयुक्तः शीलशौचदयात्मकः। वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः ॥ स्वर्गवासमभीप्सद्भिर्न सेव्यस्त्वत उत्तरः ॥१३-१३२-१६॥
dāna-dharma-tapo-yuktaḥ śīla-śauca-dayā-ātmakaḥ. vṛtty-arthaṃ dharma-hetor vā sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ ॥ svarga-vāsam-abhīpsadbhiḥ na sevyaḥ tvat uttaraḥ ॥13-132-16॥
[दानधर्मतपोयुक्तः (dāna-dharma-tapaḥ-yuktaḥ) - endowed with charity, virtue, and austerity; शीलशौचदयात्मकः (śīla-śauca-dayā-ātmakaḥ) - of the nature of good conduct, purity, and compassion; वृत्त्यर्थं (vṛtti-artham) - for the sake of livelihood; धर्महेतोर्वा (dharma-hetoḥ-vā) - or for the motive of righteousness; सेवितव्यः (sevitavyaḥ) - should be served; सदा (sadā) - always; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; स्वर्गवासम् (svarga-vāsam) - residence in heaven; अभीप्सद्भिः (abhīpsadbhiḥ) - by those desiring; न (na) - not; सेव्यः (sevyaḥ) - should be served; त्वत् (tvat) - than you; उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - anyone else;]
(Endowed with charity, virtue, and austerity, of the nature of good conduct, purity, and compassion, for the sake of livelihood or for the motive of righteousness, should be served always by men. One desiring residence in heaven should not serve anyone other than you.)
A person endowed with charity, virtue, austerity, good conduct, purity, and compassion should always be served by men, whether for the sake of livelihood or for righteousness. Those who wish for residence in heaven should not serve anyone other than you. (13-132-16)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper name, the goddess Umā, Pārvatī); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (spoke;);]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
वाचाथ बध्यते येन मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः। तानि कर्माणि मे देव वद भूतपतेऽनघ ॥१३-१३२-१७॥
vācātha badhyate yena mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ। tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate'nagha ॥13-132-17॥
[वाचा (vācā) - by speech; अथ (atha) - then; बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound; येन (yena) - by which; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released; अपि (api) - also; अथ (atha) - then; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; तानि (tāni) - those; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; मे (me) - to me; देव (deva) - O god; वद (vada) - tell; भूतपते (bhūtapate) - O lord of beings; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one;]
(By speech then he is bound by which is also released again or. Those actions to me, O god, tell, O lord of beings, O sinless one. (13-132-17))
O god, tell me of those actions by which one is bound by speech or is again released, O lord of beings, O sinless one. (13-132-17)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - great lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Great lord said.)
The great lord said.
आत्महेतोः परार्थे वा नर्महास्याश्रयात्तथा। ये मृषा न वदन्तीह ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१८॥
ātmahetoḥ parārthe vā narmahāsyāśrayāttathā। ye mṛṣā na vadantīha te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-18॥
[आत्महेतोः (ātma-hetoḥ) - for one’s own sake; परार्थे (para-arthe) - for the sake of another; वा (vā) - or; नर्महास्याश्रयात् (narma-hāsya-āśrayāt) - from association with jest or laughter; तथा (tathā) - thus; ये (ye) - those who; मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely; न (na) - not; वदन्ति (vadanti) - speak; इह (iha) - here; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svarga-gāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(For one’s own sake, for the sake of another, or from association with jest or laughter, those who do not speak falsely here—those men are goers to heaven.)
Those men who do not speak falsehood here, whether for their own sake, for the sake of others, or out of humor and laughter—those are the ones who go to heaven. (13-132-18)
वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा कामकारात्तथैव च। अनृतं ये न भाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१९॥
vṛttyarthaṃ dharmahetorvā kāmakārāttathaiva ca। anṛtaṃ ye na bhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-19॥
[वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the sake of livelihood; धर्महेतोः (dharmahetoḥ) - for the reason of dharma; वा (vā) - or; कामकारात् (kāmakārāt) - from desire or one's own inclination; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; likewise; च (ca) - and; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; untruth; ये (ye) - who; न (na) - not; भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(For the sake of livelihood, or for the reason of dharma, or from desire, just so and, falsehood who do not speak, they men heaven-goers.)
Those men who do not speak falsehood, whether for the sake of livelihood, for dharma, or out of desire, are goers to heaven. (13-132-19)
श्लक्ष्णां वाणीं निराबाधां मधुरां पापवर्जिताम्। स्वागतेनाभिभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२०॥
ślakṣṇāṃ vāṇīṃ nirābādhāṃ madhurāṃ pāpavarjitām। svāgatenābhibhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-20॥
[श्लक्ष्णां (ślakṣṇām) - smooth; वाणीं (vāṇīm) - speech; निराबाधां (nirābādhām) - undisturbed (free from obstacles); मधुरां (madhurām) - sweet; पापवर्जिताम् (pāpavarjitām) - devoid of sin; स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with welcome; अभिभाषन्ते (abhibhāṣante) - they address (speak to); ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - those who go to heaven;]
(Those men who address with welcome (words) smooth speech, undisturbed, sweet, and devoid of sin, are goers to heaven.)
Those men who speak to others with a welcoming, smooth, undisturbed, sweet, and sinless speech are destined for heaven. (13-132-20)
कटुकां ये न भाषन्ते परुषां निष्ठुरां गिरम्। अपैशुन्यरताः सन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२१॥
kaṭukāṃ ye na bhāṣante paruṣāṃ niṣṭhurāṃ giram| apaiśunyaratāḥ santaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-21॥
[कटुकां (kaṭukām) - harsh; ये (ye) - who; न (na) - not; भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak; परुषां (paruṣām) - rough; निष्ठुरां (niṣṭhurām) - cruel; गिरम् (giram) - speech; अपैशुन्यरताः (apaiśunyaratāḥ) - engaged in non-calumny; सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good (ones); ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - go to heaven;]
(Harsh who do not speak, rough, cruel speech; engaged in non-calumny, the good they men go to heaven.)
Those men who do not speak harsh, rough, or cruel words, and are devoted to not slandering others—these good men go to heaven. (13-132-21)
पिशुनां ये न भाषन्ते मित्रभेदकरीं गिरम्। ऋतां मैत्रीं प्रभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२२॥
piśunāṃ ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīṃ giram। ṛtāṃ maitrīṃ prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-22॥
[पिशुनाम् (piśunām) - of slanderers; ये (ye) - who; न (na) - not; भाषन्ते (bhāṣante) - speak; मित्रभेदकरीम् (mitrabhedakarīm) - causing division among friends; गिरम् (giram) - speech; ऋताम् (ṛtām) - truthful; मैत्रीम् (maitrīm) - friendly; प्रभाषन्ते (prabhāṣante) - speak forth; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Who do not speak the speech causing division among friends of slanderers, (but) speak forth truthful friendly words, those men go to heaven.)
Those who do not utter the speech of slanderers which causes division among friends, but who speak truthful and friendly words—those men attain heaven. (13-132-22)
वर्जयन्ति सदा सूच्यं परद्रोहं च मानवाः। सर्वभूतसमा दान्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२३॥
varjayanti sadā sūcyaṃ paradrohaṃ ca mānavāḥ। sarvabhūtasamā dāntās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-23॥
[वर्जयन्ति (varjayanti) - they avoid; सदा (sadā) - always; सूच्यं (sūcyam) - backbiting; परद्रोहं (paradrohaṃ) - injury to others; च (ca) - and; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; सर्वभूतसमा (sarvabhūtasamā) - equal to all beings; दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-restrained; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Humans always avoid backbiting and injury to others; equal to all beings, self-restrained, those men go to heaven.)
Those men who always avoid backbiting and harming others, who are equal to all beings and self-restrained, go to heaven. (13-132-23)
शठप्रलापाद्विरता विरुद्धपरिवर्जकाः। सौम्यप्रलापिनो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२४॥
śaṭha-pralāpād-viratā viruddha-parivarjakāḥ। saumya-pralāpino nityaṃ te narāḥ svarga-gāminaḥ ॥13-132-24॥
[शठप्रलापात् (śaṭha-pralāpāt) - from harsh speech; विरताः (viratāḥ) - refraining; विरुद्ध (viruddha) - hostile; परिवर्जकाः (parivarjakāḥ) - avoiding; सौम्यप्रलापिनः (saumya-pralāpinaḥ) - mild-speaking; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svarga-gāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Refraining from harsh speech, avoiding hostile (words), always mild-speaking, they men go to heaven.)
Those men who refrain from harsh speech, avoid hostility, and always speak gently, go to heaven. (13-132-24)
न कोपाद्व्याहरन्ते ये वाचं हृदयदारणीम्। सान्त्वं वदन्ति क्रुद्धापि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२५॥
na kopād vyāharante ye vācaṃ hṛdayadāraṇīm। sāntvaṃ vadanti kruddhāpi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-25॥
[न (na) - not; कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger; व्याहरन्ते (vyāharante) - utter; ये (ye) - who; वाचम् (vācam) - speech; हृदयदारणीम् (hṛdayadāraṇīm) - heart-rending; सान्त्वम् (sāntvam) - gentle words; वदन्ति (vadanti) - speak; क्रुद्धा अपि (kruddhā api) - even being angry; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Not from anger utter who speech heart-rending, gentle words speak even being angry, those men going to heaven.)
Those men who do not utter heart-rending words out of anger and speak gentle words even when angry are destined for heaven. (13-132-25)
एष वाणीकृतो देवि धर्मः सेव्यः सदा नरैः। शुभः सत्यगुणो नित्यं वर्जनीया मृषा बुधैः ॥१३-१३२-२६॥
eṣa vāṇīkṛto devi dharmaḥ sevyaḥ sadā naraiḥ। śubhaḥ satyaguṇo nityaṃ varjanīyā mṛṣā budhaiḥ॥13-132-26॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; वाणीकृतः (vāṇīkṛtaḥ) - uttered; made into speech; देवि (devi) - O goddess; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; righteousness; सेव्यः (sevyaḥ) - to be served; to be followed; सदा (sadā) - always; नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men; शुभः (śubhaḥ) - auspicious; सत्यगुणः (satyaguṇaḥ) - characterized by truth; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; वर्जनीया (varjanīyā) - to be avoided; मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsehood; untruth; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise;;]
(This uttered dharma, O goddess, is to be followed always by men. The auspicious one, characterized by truth, always; falsehood is to be avoided by the wise.)
O goddess, this dharma stated in words should always be followed by men. That auspicious one, marked by truthfulness, is ever to be practiced; falsehood is always to be shunned by the wise. (13-132-26)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper noun; name of a goddess, Pārvatī;) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (3rd person singular, perfect);]
(Umā said.)
Umā said.
मनसा बध्यते येन कर्मणा पुरुषः सदा। तन्मे ब्रूहि महाभाग देवदेव पिनाकधृक् ॥१३-१३२-२७॥
manasā badhyate yena karmaṇā puruṣaḥ sadā. tanme brūhi mahābhāga devadeva pinākadhṛk ॥13-132-27॥
[मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound; येन् (yena) - by which; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; सदा (sadā) - always; तन् (tan) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; महाभाग (mahābhāga) - O greatly fortunate one; देवदेव (devadeva) - O god of gods; पिनाकधृक् (pinākadhṛk) - O wielder of the Pināka;]
(By the mind a person is bound always by which action; that to me tell, O greatly fortunate one, O god of gods, O wielder of the Pināka (Shiva).)
O greatly fortunate one, O god of gods, O wielder of the Pināka, tell me that by which action a person is always bound by the mind. (13-132-27)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great Lord said;)
The great Lord said.
मानसेनेह धर्मेण संयुक्ताः पुरुषाः सदा। स्वर्गं गच्छन्ति कल्याणि तन्मे कीर्तयतः शृणु ॥१३-१३२-२८॥
mānasena iha dharmeṇa saṁyuktāḥ puruṣāḥ sadā। svargaṁ gacchanti kalyāṇi tan me kīrtayataḥ śṛṇu॥13-132-28॥
[मानसेन (mānasena) - by the mind; by intention; इह (iha) - here; in this context; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma; by righteousness; संयुक्ताः (saṁyuktāḥ) - joined; united; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; persons; सदा (sadā) - always; स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - to heaven; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O auspicious one; O blessed lady; तन् (tan) - that; मे (me) - my; कीर्तयतः (kīrtayataḥ) - speaking; reciting; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; listen;]
(By the mind, here, by righteousness, united, men, always, to heaven go, O auspicious one, that my speaking, listen.)
O auspicious one, men who are always joined here by intention and by righteousness go to heaven; hear that, as I declare it. (13-132-28)
दुष्प्रणीतेन मनसा दुष्प्रणीततराकृतिः। बध्यते मानवो येन शृणु चान्यच्छुभानने ॥१३-१३२-२९॥
duṣpraṇītena manasā duṣpraṇītatārākṛtiḥ। badhyate mānavo yena śṛṇu cānyacchubhānane ॥13-132-29॥
[दुष्प्रणीतेन (duṣpraṇītena) - by a badly-led; (mind); मनसा (manasā) - by mind; (instrumental); दुष्प्रणीततराकृतिः (duṣpraṇītatārākṛtiḥ) - more badly directed in form; (having the form of being even more badly led); बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound; (third person singular, passive); मानवः (mānavo) - man; human being; येन (yena) - by which; (instrumental relative pronoun); शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; (imperative 2nd person singular); च (ca) - and; अन्यत् (anyat) - another; other; शुभानने (śubhānane) - O auspicious-faced one;]
(By a badly-led mind, taking the form of even more badly directedness, a man is bound by which; hear also another, O auspicious-faced one.)
A man is bound by a mind that is poorly led and assumes an even worse state; hear also another (teaching), O auspicious-faced one. (13-132-29)
अरण्ये विजने न्यस्तं परस्वं वीक्ष्य ये नराः। मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३०॥
araṇye vijane nyastaṃ parasvaṃ vīkṣya ye narāḥ। manasāpi na hiṃsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-30॥
[अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest; विजने (vijane) - in a desolate place; न्यस्तं (nyastaṃ) - placed; परस्वं (parasvaṃ) - another's property; वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen; ये (ye) - who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; मनसा (manasā) - with (their) mind; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; हिंसन्ति (hiṃsanti) - harm; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(In the forest, in a desolate place, placed another's property, having seen, who men, with (their) mind, even, not, harm, those men, going to heaven.)
Those men who, even having seen another's property left in a desolate forest, do not harm it even in their mind — those men go to heaven. (13-132-30)
ग्रामे गृहे वा यद्द्रव्यं पारक्यं विजने स्थितम्। नाभिनन्दन्ति वै नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३१॥
grāme gṛhe vā yaddravyaṃ pārakyaṃ vijane sthitam। nābhinandanti vai nityaṃ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-31॥
[ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; वा (vā) - or; यत् (yat) - which; द्रव्यं (dravyaṃ) - object; property; पारक्यं (pārakyaṃ) - belonging to another; विजने (vijane) - in a lonely place; स्थितम् (sthitam) - placed; kept; न (na) - not; अभिनन्दन्ति (abhinandanti) - take pleasure in; approve; वै (vai) - indeed; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven; destined for heaven;]
(In village, in house or whatever object belonging to another placed in a lonely place, do not take pleasure, indeed, always, those men going to heaven.)
Those men who are destined for heaven never take pleasure in (or approve of) the property of another, whether it is in a village, in a house, or placed in a lonely spot. (13-132-31)
तथैव परदारान्ये कामवृत्तान्रहोगतान्। मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३२॥
tathaiva paradārānye kāmavṛttān rahogatān | manasāpi na hiṁsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-32॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; in the same manner; परदारान् (paradārān) - others’ wives; ये (ye) - those who; कामवृत्तान् (kāmavṛttān) - by desire impelled; रहोगतान् (rahogatān) - gone to seclusion; मनसा अपि (manasā api) - even in mind; न (na) - not; हिंसन्ति (hiṁsanti) - harm; injure; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(Just so, others’ wives, those who by desire impelled, gone to seclusion, even in mind not harm, those men goers to heaven.)
Likewise, those men who do not harm even in their mind the wives of others gone to seclusion by desire—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-32)
शत्रुं मित्रं च ये नित्यं तुल्येन मनसा नराः। भजन्ति मैत्राः सङ्गम्य ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३३॥
śatruṃ mitraṃ ca ye nityaṃ tulyena manasā narāḥ। bhajanti maitrāḥ saṅgamya te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-33॥
[शत्रुं (śatruṃ) - enemy (accusative singular); मित्रं (mitraṃ) - friend (accusative singular); च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; तुल्येन (tulyena) - with equal; मनसा (manasā) - mind; नराः (narāḥ) - men; भजन्ति (bhajanti) - associate with; मैत्राः (maitrāḥ) - with friendliness; सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - having joined; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(Enemy, friend, and who always with equal mind men associate with in friendship having joined, they men heaven-goers.)
Men who always associate with both enemies and friends with an equal mind, joining together in friendliness, those men go to heaven. (13-132-33)
श्रुतवन्तो दयावन्तः शुचयः सत्यसङ्गराः। स्वैरर्थैः परिसन्तुष्टास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३४॥
śrutavanto dayāvantaḥ śucayaḥ satyasaṅgarāḥ. svairarthaiḥ parisantuṣṭās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-34॥
[श्रुतवन्तः (śrutavantaḥ) - possessing (sacred) learning; knowledge; have heard; दयावन्तः (dayāvantaḥ) - compassionate; possessing compassion; शुचयः (śucayaḥ) - pure; virtuous; सत्यसङ्गराः (satyasaṅgarāḥ) - steadfast in truth; firm in truth; स्वैरार्थैः (svairarthaiḥ) - with their own possessions; with what is their own; परिसन्तुष्टाः (parisantuṣṭāḥ) - fully content; completely satisfied; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; people; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - going to heaven; destined for heaven;]
(Possessing learning, compassionate, pure, steadfast in truth, fully content with their own possessions, those men go to heaven.)
Those men who possess learning, compassion, purity, are steadfast in truth, and are fully content with their own possessions are destined for heaven. (13-132-34)
अवैरा ये त्वनायासा मैत्रचित्तपराः सदा। सर्वभूतदयावन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३५॥
avairā ye tvanāyāsā maitra-citta-parāḥ sadā। sarva-bhūta-dayā-vantaḥ te narāḥ svarga-gāminaḥ ॥13-132-35॥
[अवैरा (avairā) - without enmity; ये (ye) - who; त्व (tva) - indeed; अनायासा (anāyāsā) - unwearied; मैत्रचित्तपराः (maitra-citta-parāḥ) - devoted to thoughts of friendship; सदा (sadā) - always; सर्वभूतदयावन्तः (sarva-bhūta-dayā-vantaḥ) - possessed of compassion for all beings; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svarga-gāminaḥ) - going to heaven;]
(Those men who are without enmity, indeed unwearied, always devoted to thoughts of friendship, possessed of compassion for all beings, those men go to heaven.)
Men who are free from enmity, ever unwearied, devoted to friendly thoughts, and compassionate toward all beings – these men go to heaven. (13-132-35)
श्रद्धावन्तो दयावन्तश्चोक्षाश्चोक्षजनप्रियाः। धर्माधर्मविदो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३६॥
śraddhāvanto dayāvantaś cokṣāś cokṣajanapriyāḥ। dharmādharmavido nityaṁ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-36॥
[श्रद्धावन्तः (śraddhāvantaḥ) - possessed of faith; दयावन्तः (dayāvantaḥ) - full of compassion; च (ca) - and; उक्षाः (ukṣāḥ) - bulls (noble spirited persons); च (ca) - and; उक्षजनप्रियाः (ukṣajanapriyāḥ) - beloved by noble people; धर्माधर्मविदः (dharmādharmavidaḥ) - knowers of dharma and adharma; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; ते (te) - they; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - goers to heaven;]
(Possessed of faith, full of compassion, and bulls, and beloved by noble people, knowers of dharma and adharma, always, they men, goers to heaven.)
Men who are possessed of faith, full of compassion, noble, beloved by noble people, and always knowers of dharma and adharma—these men are destined for heaven. (13-132-36)
शुभानामशुभानां च कर्मणां फलसञ्चये। विपाकज्ञाश्च ये देवि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३७॥
śubhānāmaśubhānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phalasañcaye। vipākajñāśca ye devi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-37॥
[शुभानाम् (śubhānām) - of auspicious (actions); अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of inauspicious (actions); च (ca) - and; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; फल (phala) - fruit; सञ्चये (sañcaye) - in accumulation; विपाकज्ञाः (vipākajñāḥ) - knowers of (the) ripening; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; देवि (devi) - O goddess; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - (are) going to heaven;]
(Of auspicious, of inauspicious and of actions, in the accumulation of fruit, knowers of ripening and who, O goddess, those men are going to heaven.)
O goddess, those men who are knowers of the ripening of the accumulated fruits of auspicious and inauspicious actions, they proceed to heaven. (13-132-37)
न्यायोपेता गुणोपेता देवद्विजपराः सदा। समतां समनुप्राप्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३८॥
nyāyopetā guṇopetā devadvijaparāḥ sadā। samatāṃ samanuprāptās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-38॥
[न्यायोपेता (nyāyopetā) - endowed with justice; गुणोपेता (guṇopetā) - endowed with virtues; देवद्विजपराः (devadvijaparāḥ) - devoted to the gods and twice-born; सदा (sadā) - always; समतां (samatām) - equality; समनुप्राप्ताः (samanuprāptāḥ) - who have fully attained; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; स्वर्गगामिनः (svargagāminaḥ) - proceeding to heaven;]
(Endowed with justice, endowed with virtues, devoted to the gods and twice-born, always, equality fully attained, those men proceeding to heaven.)
Men who are endowed with justice and virtues, always devoted to the gods and the twice-born, and who have attained equality, these proceed to heaven. (13-132-38)
शुभैः कर्मफलैर्देवि मयैते परिकीर्तिताः। स्वर्गमार्गोपगा भूयः किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-१३२-३९॥
śubhaiḥ karmaphalair devi mayaitē parikīrtitāḥ। svargamārgōpagā bhūyaḥ kim anyac chrōtum icchasi॥13-132-39॥
[शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by auspicious; कर्मफलैः (karmaphalaiḥ) - action-fruits; देवि (devi) - O goddess; मया (mayā) - by me; एते (ete) - these; परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - have been described; स्वर्गमार्गोपगा (svargamārgopagā) - leading to the path of heaven; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; किम् (kim) - what; अन्यत् (anyat) - else; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire;]
(By auspicious action-fruits, O goddess, by me these have been described, leading to the path of heaven, again; what else to hear you desire?)
O goddess, I have described to you these auspicious results of actions, which lead to the path of heaven; do you desire to hear anything else? (13-132-39)
उमोवाच॥
umovāca॥
[उमा (umā) - Umā; (proper noun, name of Śiva's consort); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Umā said;)
Umā said.
महान्मे संशयः कश्चिन्मर्त्यान्प्रति महेश्वर। तस्मात्तं नैपुणेनाद्य ममाख्यातुं त्वमर्हसि ॥१३-१३२-४०॥
mahān me saṁśayaḥ kaścin martyān prati maheśvara। tasmāt taṁ naipuṇena adya mama ākhyātuṁ tvam arhasi॥13-132-40॥
[महान् (mahān) (mahān) - great; मे (me) (me) - my; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; कश्चित् (kaścit) (kaścit) - a certain; some; मर्त्यान् (martyān) (martyān) - mortals; प्रति (prati) (prati) - regarding; towards; महेश्वर (maheśvara) (maheśvara) - O Maheshvara; तस्मात् (tasmāt) (tasmāt) - therefore; तम् (tam) (tam) - that; नैपुणेन (naipuṇena) (naipuṇena) - with skill; expertly; अद्य (adya) (adya) - today; मम (mama) (mama) - my; आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) (ākhyātum) - to tell; to explain; त्वम् (tvam) (tvam) - you; अर्हसि (arhasi) (arhasi) - are worthy; should;]
(Great my doubt a certain regarding mortals, O Maheshvara; therefore that with skill today to me to explain you should.)
O Maheshvara, I have a great doubt regarding certain mortals. Therefore, you should explain that to me skillfully today. (13-132-40)
केनायुर्लभते दीर्घं कर्मणा पुरुषः प्रभो। तपसा वापि देवेश केनायुर्लभते महत् ॥१३-१३२-४१॥
kenāyurlabhate dīrghaṃ karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho। tapasā vāpi deveśa kenāyurlabhate mahat ॥13-132-41॥
[केन (kena) - by what; आयुः (āyuḥ) - life; लभते (labhate) - obtains; दीर्घं (dīrghaṃ) - long; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord; तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - also; देवेश (deveśa) - O ruler of the gods; केन (kena) - by what; आयुः (āyuḥ) - life; लभते (labhate) - obtains; महत् (mahat) - great;]
(By what does man obtain long life, by action, O lord? Or also, O ruler of the gods, by what does one obtain great life by austerity?)
O lord, by what does a man obtain long life—by action? Or, O ruler of the gods, by what does one obtain great longevity through austerity? (13-132-41)
क्षीणायुः केन भवति कर्मणा भुवि मानवः। विपाकं कर्मणां देव वक्तुमर्हस्यनिन्दित ॥१३-१३२-४२॥
kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ। vipākaṃ karmaṇāṃ deva vaktum arhasi anindita ॥13-132-42॥
[क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - whose lifespan is diminished; केन (kena) - by what; भवति (bhavati) - does become; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being; विपाकं (vipākaṃ) - result; कर्मणां (karmaṇāṃ) - of deeds; देव (deva) - O god; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are worthy; अनिन्दित (anindita) - O blameless one;]
(Whose lifespan is diminished, by what does the human being on earth become so by action? The result of deeds, O god, to speak you are worthy, O blameless one.)
O god, by what action does a human being on earth become short-lived? You, O blameless one, are worthy to tell the result of deeds. (13-132-42)
अपरे च महाभोगा मन्दभोगास्तथापरे। अकुलीनास्तथा चान्ये कुलीनाश्च तथापरे ॥१३-१३२-४३॥
apare ca mahābhogā mandabhogās tathāpare। akulīnāstathā ca anye kulīnāś ca tathāpare ॥13-132-43॥
[अपरे (apare) - others; च (ca) - and; महाभोगा (mahābhogā) - those with great enjoyment; मन्दभोगास्तथापरे (mandabhogās tathā apare) - others similarly with little enjoyment; अकुलीनास्तथा (akulīnāstathā) - similarly those of low family; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; कुलीनाश्च (kulīnāś ca) - and those of high family; तथापरे (tathā apare) - similarly others;]
(Others and those with great enjoyment, others similarly with little enjoyment; similarly those of low family and others, and those of high family, similarly others.)
There are others of great enjoyment and some with little enjoyment; some of low birth and others of high birth, and yet others. (13-132-43)
दुर्दर्शाः केचिदाभान्ति नराः काष्ठमया इव। प्रियदर्शास्तथा चान्ये दर्शनादेव मानवाः ॥१३-१३२-४४॥
durdarśāḥ kecid ābhānti narāḥ kāṣṭhamayā iva। priyadarśās tathā ca anye darśanād eva mānavāḥ ॥13-132-44॥
[दुर्दर्शाः (durdarśāḥ) - hard-to-behold; difficult to look at; केचित् (kecit) - some; certain ones; आभान्ति (ābhānti) - appear; shine; seem; नराः (narāḥ) - men; humans; काष्ठमयाः (kāṣṭhamayāḥ) - made of wood; wooden; इव (iva) - like; as if; प्रियदर्शाः (priyadarśāḥ) - pleasant-to-behold; agreeable to look at; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and; also; अन्ये (anye) - others; दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from sight; upon seeing; एव (eva) - indeed; truly; only; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men; human beings;]
(Hard-to-behold some appear men like made of wood; Pleasant-to-behold likewise and others from sight indeed men.)
Some men appear hard to look at, like they are made of wood; while others are pleasant to look at, and just from the sight itself, they are agreeable. (13-132-44)
दुष्प्रज्ञाः केचिदाभान्ति केचिदाभान्ति पण्डिताः। महाप्रज्ञास्तथैवान्ये ज्ञानविज्ञानदर्शिनः ॥१३-१३२-४५॥
duṣprajñāḥ kecid ābhānti kecid ābhānti paṇḍitāḥ। mahāprajñās tathaivānye jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ॥13-132-45॥
[दुष्प्रज्ञाः (duṣprajñāḥ) - having distorted understanding; केचित् (kecit) - some; आभान्ति (ābhānti) - appear; केचित् (kecit) - some; आभान्ति (ābhānti) - appear; पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - learned persons; महाप्रज्ञाः (mahāprajñāḥ) - greatly wise ones; तथा एव (tathā eva) - likewise; अन्ये (anye) - others; ज्ञानविज्ञानदर्शिनः (jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ) - knowers of knowledge and realization;]
(duṣprajñāḥ (having distorted understanding;) kecit (some;) ābhānti (appear;) kecit (some;) ābhānti (appear;) paṇḍitāḥ (learned persons;) mahāprajñāḥ (greatly wise ones;) tathā eva (likewise;) anye (others;) jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ (knowers of knowledge and realization;))
Some with distorted understanding appear, some appear to be learned; likewise, there are others who are greatly wise, perceivers of knowledge and realization. (13-132-45)
अल्पाबाधास्तथा केचिन्महाबाधास्तथापरे। दृश्यन्ते पुरुषा देव तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥१३-१३२-४६॥
alpābādhās tathā kecin mahābādhās tathā pare। dṛśyante puruṣā deva tan me śaṃsitum arhasi॥13-132-46॥
[अल्पाबाधाः (alpābādhāḥ) - having little affliction; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; केचित् (kecit) - some (persons); महाबाधाः (mahābādhāḥ) - having great affliction; तथा (tathā) - also; अपरे (apare) - others; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; देव (deva) - O god; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; शंसितुम् (śaṃsitum) - to explain; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought;]
(Some with little affliction, likewise some with great affliction, others also—such men are seen, O god. That, to me, you ought to explain.)
O god, some men are seen who suffer little, some who suffer greatly, and others as well. Please explain this to me. (13-132-46)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
maheśvara uvāca॥
[महेश्वर (maheśvara) - the great Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(The great Lord said;)
The great Lord said.
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि देवि कर्मफलोदयम्। मर्त्यलोके नराः सर्वे येन स्वं भुञ्जते फलम् ॥१३-१३२-४७॥
hanta te'haṃ pravakṣyāmi devi karmaphalodayam। martyaloke narāḥ sarve yena svaṃ bhuñjate phalam ॥13-132-47॥
[हन्त (hanta) - now then; ते (te) - to you (feminine); अहं (ahaṃ) - I; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - shall declare; देवि (devi) - O goddess; कर्मफलोदयम् (karma-phalodayam) - the rise of the fruit of actions; मर्त्यलोके (martya-loke) - in the world of mortals; नराः (narāḥ) - men; सर्वे (sarve) - all; येन (yena) - by which; स्वं (svaṃ) - their own; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - enjoy; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
(Now then, to you I shall declare, O goddess, the rise of the fruit of actions, by which all men in the world of mortals enjoy their own fruit.)
Now, O goddess, I will tell you about the manifestation of the result of actions, by which all men in the mortal world experience their own fruits. (13-132-47)
प्राणातिपाती यो रौद्रो दण्डहस्तोद्यतस्तथा। नित्यमुद्यतदण्डश्च हन्ति भूतगणान्नरः ॥१३-१३२-४८॥
prāṇātipātī yo raudro daṇḍahastodyatastathā। nityamudyatadaṇḍaś ca hanti bhūtagarānnaraḥ॥13-132-48॥
[प्राणातिपाती (prāṇātipātī) - one who is a killer of living beings; यः (yaḥ) - who; रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - cruel; दण्डहस्त-उद्यतः (daṇḍahasta-udyataḥ) - one with raised staff in hand; तथा (tathā) - so; in this way; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; उद्यतदण्डः (udyatadaṇḍaḥ) - one with raised staff; च (ca) - and; हन्ति (hanti) - kills; भूतगणान् (bhūtagarān) - groups of creatures; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
(Who is a killer of living beings, who is cruel, who in this way is always with raised staff in hand, and who kills groups of creatures, that man.)
A man who kills living beings, who is cruel and ever holds a raised staff, who constantly wields a weapon and slays groups of creatures, is such a person. (13-132-48)
निर्दयः सर्वभूतानां नित्यमुद्वेगकारकः। अपि कीटपिपीलानामशरण्यः सुनिर्घृणः ॥१३-१३२-४९॥
nirdayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ nityamudvegakārakaḥ. api kīṭapipīlānāmaśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ ॥13-132-49॥
[निर्दयः (nirdayaḥ) - pitiless; सर्वभूतानां (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; नित्यमुद्वेगकारकः (nityam-udvega-kārakaḥ) - always-causing agitation; अपि (api) - even; कीटपिपीलानाम् (kīṭapipīlānām) - of insects and ants; अशरण्यः (aśaraṇyaḥ) - giving no refuge; सुनिर्घृणः (sunirghṛṇaḥ) - utterly unmerciful;]
(Pitiless; of all beings; always-causing agitation; even of insects and ants; giving no refuge; utterly unmerciful.)
He is pitiless to all beings, always causing agitation; even to insects and ants, he gives no refuge and is utterly unmerciful. (13-132-49)
एवम्भूतो नरो देवि निरयं प्रतिपद्यते। विपरीतस्तु धर्मात्मा रूपवानभिजायते ॥१३-१३२-५०॥
evambhūto naro devi nirayaṃ pratipadyate. viparītastu dharmātmā rūpavānabhijāyate ॥13-132-50॥
[एवम्भूतो (evambhūtaḥ) - of such kind; having such nature; नरः (naraḥ) - man; देवि (devi) - O Goddess; निरयं (nirayam) - hell; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains; विपरीतः (viparītaḥ) - the opposite; contrary; तु (tu) - but; धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous person; one whose nature is dharma; रूपवान् (rūpavān) - handsome; possessing good form; अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - is born; comes into existence;]
(Of such kind man, O Goddess, hell attains. The contrary but righteous-souled handsome is born.)
O Goddess, a man of such nature attains hell; but on the contrary, a righteous person is born handsome. (13-132-50)
निरयं याति हिंसात्मा याति स्वर्गमहिंसकः। यातनां निरये रौद्रां स कृच्छ्रां लभते नरः ॥१३-१३२-५१॥
nirayaṃ yāti hiṃsātmā yāti svargam ahiṃsakaḥ। yātanāṃ niraye raudrāṃ sa kṛcchrāṃ labhate naraḥ ॥13-132-51॥
[निरयं (nirayam) - to hell; याति (yāti) - goes; हिंसात्मा (hiṃsātmā) - the one whose nature is violence; याति (yāti) - goes; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven; अहिंसकः (ahiṃsakaḥ) - the non-violent one; यातनाम् (yātanām) - torment; निरये (niraye) - in hell; रौद्राम् (raudrām) - terrible; सः (saḥ) - he; कृच्छ्राम् (kṛcchrām) - severe; लभते (labhate) - obtains; नरः (naraḥ) - the man;]
(To hell goes the one whose nature is violence; to heaven goes the non-violent one. Torment in hell, terrible and severe, he obtains, the man.)
The man whose nature is violent goes to hell, and the non-violent one goes to heaven. In hell, the violent man receives terrible and severe torment. (13-132-51)
अथ चेन्निरयात्तस्मात्समुत्तरति कर्हिचित्। मानुष्यं लभते चापि हीनायुस्तत्र जायते ॥१३-१३२-५२॥
atha cen nirayāt tasmāt samuttarati karhicit। mānuṣyaṃ labhate cāpi hīnāyus tatra jāyate ॥13-132-52॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; चेत् (cet) - if; निरयात् (nirayāt) - from hell; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; समुत्तरति (samuttarati) - completely rises up; कर्हिचित् (karhicit) - at any time; मानुष्यं (mānuṣyam) - human birth; लभते (labhate) - obtains; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; हीनायुः (hīnāyuḥ) - of reduced lifespan; तत्र (tatra) - there; जायते (jāyate) - is born;]
(Now if from hell from that completely rises up at any time, human birth obtains and also of reduced lifespan there is born.)
Now, if at any time he rises up from that hell, he obtains human birth and is born there with a reduced lifespan. (13-132-52)
पापेन कर्मणा देवि बद्धो हिंसारतिर्नरः। अप्रियः सर्वभूतानां हीनायुरुपजायते ॥१३-१३२-५३॥
pāpena karmaṇā devi baddho hiṁsāratiḥ naraḥ। apriyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ hīnāyur upajāyate ॥13-132-53॥
[पापेन (pāpena) (pāpena) - by sin; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) (karmaṇā) - by action; देवि (devi) (devi) - O goddess; बद्धः (baddhaḥ) (baddhaḥ) - bound; हिंसा-रतिः (hiṁsā-ratiḥ) (hiṁsā-ratiḥ) - one delighting in violence; नरः (naraḥ) (naraḥ) - man; अप्रियः (apriyaḥ) (apriyaḥ) - unpleasant; सर्व-भूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) (sarva-bhūtānām) - to all beings; हीन-आयुः (hīna-āyuḥ) (hīnāyuḥ) - short-lived; उपजायते (upajāyate) (upajāyate) - is born;]
(By sinful action, O goddess, bound, the man delighting in violence, unpleasant to all beings, short-lived is born.)
O goddess, a man bound by sinful deeds and delighting in violence is born unpleasant to all beings and short-lived. (13-132-53)
यस्तु शुक्लाभिजातीयः प्राणिघातविवर्जकः। निक्षिप्तदण्डो निर्दण्डो न हिनस्ति कदाचन ॥१३-१३२-५४॥
yastu śuklābhijātiyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ। nikṣiptadaṇḍo nirdiṇḍo na hinasti kadācana ॥13-132-54॥
[यस् (yas) - who; तु (tu) - but; शुक्लाभिजातीयः (śuklābhijātiyaḥ) - born of purity; प्राणिघातविवर्जकः (prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ) - avoiding killing living beings; निक्षिप्तदण्डः (nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ) - who has cast away (abandons) the staff; निर्दण्डः (nirdiṇḍaḥ) - free from punishment (without a staff); न (na) - not; हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injures; कदाचन (kadācana) - ever;]
(But who, born of purity, avoiding killing of living beings, having abandoned the staff, being without a staff, does not injure ever.)
But one who is born from purity, avoids killing living beings, has put aside the staff, and is free from punishing, never harms anyone. (13-132-54)
न घातयति नो हन्ति घ्नन्तं नैवानुमोदते। सर्वभूतेषु सस्नेहो यथात्मनि तथापरे ॥१३-१३२-५५॥
na ghātayati no hanti ghnantaṃ naivānumodate. sarvabhūteṣu sasneho yathātmani tathāpare ॥13-132-55॥
[न (na) - not; घातयति (ghātayati) - he causes to be killed; नो (no) - nor; हन्ति (hanti) - he kills; घ्नन्तं (ghnantam) - one killing; नैव (na eva) - not indeed; अनुमोदते (anumodate) - approves; सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - in all beings; सस्नेहः (sasnehaḥ) - with affection; यथात्मनि (yathātmani) - as in oneself; तथा (tathā) - in the same way; अपरे (apare) - others;]
(Not he causes to be killed, nor he kills; one killing not indeed approves; in all beings with affection as in oneself, in the same way others.)
He neither causes others to be killed, nor himself kills, nor does he approve of one killing; to all beings he shows affection, just as to himself, so also to others. (13-132-55)
ईदृशः पुरुषोत्कर्षो देवि देवत्वमश्नुते। उपपन्नान्सुखान्भोगानुपाश्नाति मुदा युतः ॥१३-१३२-५६॥
īdṛśaḥ puruṣotkarṣo devi devatvam aśnute। upapannān sukhān bhogān upāśnāti mudā yutaḥ॥13-132-56॥
[ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - such as this; पुरुषोत्कर्षः (puruṣotkarṣaḥ) - the excellence of man; देवि (devi) - O Goddess; देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divinity; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains; उपपन्नान् (upapannān) - acquired; सुखान् (sukhān) - pleasures; भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments; उपाश्नाति (upāśnāti) - enjoys; मुदा (mudā) - with joy; युतः (yutaḥ) - endowed;]
(Such as this excellence of man, O Goddess, divinity attains. Acquired pleasures, enjoyments, enjoys with joy, endowed.)
O Goddess, such excellence in a man attains divinity; he enjoys all acquired pleasures and enjoyments, being endowed with joy. (13-132-56)
अथ चेन्मानुषे लोके कदाचिदुपपद्यते। तत्र दीर्घायुरुत्पन्नः स नरः सुखमेधते ॥१३-१३२-५७॥
atha cen mānuṣe loke kadācid upapadyate। tatra dīrghāyur utpannaḥ sa naraḥ sukham edhate॥13-132-57॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; चेत् (cet) - if; मानुषे (mānuṣe) - in human; लोके (loke) - world; कदाचित् (kadācit) - at any time; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is born; arises; तत्र (tatra) - there; दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived; of long life; उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - born; सः (saḥ) - he; नरः (naraḥ) - man; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; एधते (edhate) - prospers; increases;]
(Now if in human world at any time is born, there long-lived born that man happiness prospers.)
Now, if someone is ever born in the world of humans, then, being born long-lived there, that man attains happiness. (13-132-57)
एवं दीर्घायुषां मार्गः सुवृत्तानां सुकर्मणाम्। प्राणिहिंसाविमोक्षेण ब्रह्मणा समुदीरितः ॥१३-१३२-५८॥
evaṃ dīrghāyuṣāṃ mārgaḥ suvṛttānāṃ sukarmaṇām। prāṇihiṃsāvimokṣeṇa brahmaṇā samudīritaḥ ॥13-132-58॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; दीर्घायुषां (dīrghāyuṣāṃ) - of long-lived ones; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; सुवृत्तानां (suvṛttānāṃ) - of those having good conduct; सुकर्मणाम् (sukarmaṇām) - of those with good actions; प्राणिहिंसाविमोक्षेण (prāṇihiṃsāvimokṣeṇa) - by refraining from violence towards living beings; ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by (the) Brahman; समुदीरितः (samudīritaḥ) - proclaimed;]
(Thus, of the long-lived ones the path, of those having good conduct, of those with good actions, by refraining from violence towards living beings, by (the) Brahman, is proclaimed.)
Thus, the path for long-lived people, for those of good conduct and good deeds, by refraining from violence to living beings, has been proclaimed by Brahman. (13-132-58)
