13.132
umovāca॥
Umā said;
bhagavan sarvabhūteśa surāsuranamaskṛta। dharmādharme nṛṇāṃ deva brūhi me saṃśayaṃ vibho ॥13-132-1॥
O Lord, Lord of all beings, worshipped by gods and asuras, please tell me about my doubt regarding righteousness and unrighteousness among men, O divine one, O all-pervading one. (13-132-1)
karmaṇā manasā vācā trividhaṁ hi naraḥ sadā। badhyate bandhanaiḥ pāśair mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ ॥13-132-2॥
A man is always bound by bonds and fetters of three kinds—by action, by mind, and by speech; he is also released, or bound again, in these ways. (13-132-2)
kena śīlena vā deva karmaṇā kīdreṇ(a) vā। samācārair guṇair vākyaiḥ svargaṃ yāntīha mānavāḥ॥13-132-3॥
By what conduct, O divine one, or by what kind of action, or by what behaviors, qualities, and words do people here attain heaven? (13-132-3)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great lord said;
devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame rate। sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatāṃ buddhivardhanaḥ ॥13-132-4॥
O goddess, knower of the essential truths of dharma and artha, ever steadfast and devoted to self-restraint, please hear this question, which is for the good of all beings and increases intelligence. (13-132-4)
satyadharmaratāḥ santaḥ sarvalipsāvivarjitāḥ। nādharmeṇa na dharmeṇa badhyante chinnasaṁśayāḥ ॥13-132-5॥
Those who delight in truth and righteousness, who are good and free from all greed, whose doubts have been destroyed, are not bound either by unrighteousness or by righteousness. (13-132-5)
pralayotpattitattvajñāḥ sarvajñāḥ samadarśinaḥ। vītarāgā vimucyante puruṣāḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ॥13-132-6॥
Persons who know the truth of dissolution and creation, who are omniscient, who see equally, and who are devoid of passion, are liberated from all bonds. (13-132-6)
karmaṇā manasā vācā ye na hiṃsanti kiñcana। ye na sajjanti kasmiṃścid badhyante te na karmabhiḥ ॥13-132-7॥
Those who, by action, mind, or speech, do not harm anything; who do not attach themselves to anything, they are not bound by actions. (13-132-7)
prāṇātippātād viratāḥ śīlavanto dayānvitāḥ। tulyadveṣyapriyā dāntā mucyante karmabandhanaiḥ ॥13-132-8॥
Those who refrain from killing living beings, possess virtuous conduct, are compassionate, regard enemy and beloved equally, and are self-restrained, are freed from the bonds of action. (13-132-8)
sarvabhūtadayāvanto viśvāsyāḥ sarvajantuṣu। tyaktahiṃsāsamācārās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-9॥
Those men who are compassionate to all beings, trustworthy towards all creatures, and act without violence—those go to heaven. (13-132-9)
parasve nirmamā nityaṃ paradāravivarjakāḥ। dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-10॥
Men who are always free from possessiveness with regard to another's property, who avoid the wives of others, and who enjoy wealth acquired through righteousness—these go to heaven. (13-132-10)
mātṛvat svasṛvat ca eva nityaṃ duhitṛvat ca ye। paradāreṣu vartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-11॥
Men who always treat other men's wives like their own mother, sister, or daughter are destined for heaven. (13-132-11)
stainyān nivṛttāḥ satataṁ santuṣṭāḥ svadhanena ca। svabhāgyān upajīvanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-12॥
Those men who have turned away from theft, are always content with their own wealth, and live upon their own fortune—those men go to heaven. (13-132-12)
svadāraniratā ye ca ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ। agrāmyasukhabhogāś ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-13॥
Those men who are devoted to their own wives and approach them only at the proper season, and who do not partake in vulgar pleasures—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-13)
paradāreṣu ye nityaṃ cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ। yatendriyāḥ śīlaparāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-14॥
Men who always keep their eyes covered by morality towards others’ wives, who have restrained their senses and are devoted to good conduct, go to heaven. (13-132-14)
eṣa devakṛto mārgaḥ sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ। akaṣāyakṛtaścaiva mārgaḥ sevyaḥ sadā budhaiḥ॥13-132-15॥
This path created by the gods should always be followed by men; and the path not devised by the impure should always be followed by the wise. (13-132-15)
dāna-dharma-tapo-yuktaḥ śīla-śauca-dayā-ātmakaḥ. vṛtty-arthaṃ dharma-hetor vā sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ ॥ svarga-vāsam-abhīpsadbhiḥ na sevyaḥ tvat uttaraḥ ॥13-132-16॥
A person endowed with charity, virtue, austerity, good conduct, purity, and compassion should always be served by men, whether for the sake of livelihood or for righteousness. Those who wish for residence in heaven should not serve anyone other than you. (13-132-16)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
vācātha badhyate yena mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ। tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate'nagha ॥13-132-17॥
O god, tell me of those actions by which one is bound by speech or is again released, O lord of beings, O sinless one. (13-132-17)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great lord said.
ātmahetoḥ parārthe vā narmahāsyāśrayāttathā। ye mṛṣā na vadantīha te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-18॥
Those men who do not speak falsehood here, whether for their own sake, for the sake of others, or out of humor and laughter—those are the ones who go to heaven. (13-132-18)
vṛttyarthaṃ dharmahetorvā kāmakārāttathaiva ca। anṛtaṃ ye na bhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-19॥
Those men who do not speak falsehood, whether for the sake of livelihood, for dharma, or out of desire, are goers to heaven. (13-132-19)
ślakṣṇāṃ vāṇīṃ nirābādhāṃ madhurāṃ pāpavarjitām। svāgatenābhibhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-20॥
Those men who speak to others with a welcoming, smooth, undisturbed, sweet, and sinless speech are destined for heaven. (13-132-20)
kaṭukāṃ ye na bhāṣante paruṣāṃ niṣṭhurāṃ giram| apaiśunyaratāḥ santaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-21॥
Those men who do not speak harsh, rough, or cruel words, and are devoted to not slandering others—these good men go to heaven. (13-132-21)
piśunāṃ ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīṃ giram। ṛtāṃ maitrīṃ prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-22॥
Those who do not utter the speech of slanderers which causes division among friends, but who speak truthful and friendly words—those men attain heaven. (13-132-22)
varjayanti sadā sūcyaṃ paradrohaṃ ca mānavāḥ। sarvabhūtasamā dāntās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-23॥
Those men who always avoid backbiting and harming others, who are equal to all beings and self-restrained, go to heaven. (13-132-23)
śaṭha-pralāpād-viratā viruddha-parivarjakāḥ। saumya-pralāpino nityaṃ te narāḥ svarga-gāminaḥ ॥13-132-24॥
Those men who refrain from harsh speech, avoid hostility, and always speak gently, go to heaven. (13-132-24)
na kopād vyāharante ye vācaṃ hṛdayadāraṇīm। sāntvaṃ vadanti kruddhāpi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-25॥
Those men who do not utter heart-rending words out of anger and speak gentle words even when angry are destined for heaven. (13-132-25)
eṣa vāṇīkṛto devi dharmaḥ sevyaḥ sadā naraiḥ। śubhaḥ satyaguṇo nityaṃ varjanīyā mṛṣā budhaiḥ॥13-132-26॥
O goddess, this dharma stated in words should always be followed by men. That auspicious one, marked by truthfulness, is ever to be practiced; falsehood is always to be shunned by the wise. (13-132-26)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
manasā badhyate yena karmaṇā puruṣaḥ sadā. tanme brūhi mahābhāga devadeva pinākadhṛk ॥13-132-27॥
O greatly fortunate one, O god of gods, O wielder of the Pināka, tell me that by which action a person is always bound by the mind. (13-132-27)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great Lord said.
mānasena iha dharmeṇa saṁyuktāḥ puruṣāḥ sadā। svargaṁ gacchanti kalyāṇi tan me kīrtayataḥ śṛṇu॥13-132-28॥
O auspicious one, men who are always joined here by intention and by righteousness go to heaven; hear that, as I declare it. (13-132-28)
duṣpraṇītena manasā duṣpraṇītatārākṛtiḥ। badhyate mānavo yena śṛṇu cānyacchubhānane ॥13-132-29॥
A man is bound by a mind that is poorly led and assumes an even worse state; hear also another (teaching), O auspicious-faced one. (13-132-29)
araṇye vijane nyastaṃ parasvaṃ vīkṣya ye narāḥ। manasāpi na hiṃsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-30॥
Those men who, even having seen another's property left in a desolate forest, do not harm it even in their mind — those men go to heaven. (13-132-30)
grāme gṛhe vā yaddravyaṃ pārakyaṃ vijane sthitam। nābhinandanti vai nityaṃ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-31॥
Those men who are destined for heaven never take pleasure in (or approve of) the property of another, whether it is in a village, in a house, or placed in a lonely spot. (13-132-31)
tathaiva paradārānye kāmavṛttān rahogatān | manasāpi na hiṁsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-32॥
Likewise, those men who do not harm even in their mind the wives of others gone to seclusion by desire—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-32)
śatruṃ mitraṃ ca ye nityaṃ tulyena manasā narāḥ। bhajanti maitrāḥ saṅgamya te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-33॥
Men who always associate with both enemies and friends with an equal mind, joining together in friendliness, those men go to heaven. (13-132-33)
śrutavanto dayāvantaḥ śucayaḥ satyasaṅgarāḥ. svairarthaiḥ parisantuṣṭās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-34॥
Those men who possess learning, compassion, purity, are steadfast in truth, and are fully content with their own possessions are destined for heaven. (13-132-34)
avairā ye tvanāyāsā maitra-citta-parāḥ sadā। sarva-bhūta-dayā-vantaḥ te narāḥ svarga-gāminaḥ ॥13-132-35॥
Men who are free from enmity, ever unwearied, devoted to friendly thoughts, and compassionate toward all beings – these men go to heaven. (13-132-35)
śraddhāvanto dayāvantaś cokṣāś cokṣajanapriyāḥ। dharmādharmavido nityaṁ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ॥13-132-36॥
Men who are possessed of faith, full of compassion, noble, beloved by noble people, and always knowers of dharma and adharma—these men are destined for heaven. (13-132-36)
śubhānāmaśubhānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phalasañcaye। vipākajñāśca ye devi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-37॥
O goddess, those men who are knowers of the ripening of the accumulated fruits of auspicious and inauspicious actions, they proceed to heaven. (13-132-37)
nyāyopetā guṇopetā devadvijaparāḥ sadā। samatāṃ samanuprāptās te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ ॥13-132-38॥
Men who are endowed with justice and virtues, always devoted to the gods and the twice-born, and who have attained equality, these proceed to heaven. (13-132-38)
śubhaiḥ karmaphalair devi mayaitē parikīrtitāḥ। svargamārgōpagā bhūyaḥ kim anyac chrōtum icchasi॥13-132-39॥
O goddess, I have described to you these auspicious results of actions, which lead to the path of heaven; do you desire to hear anything else? (13-132-39)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
mahān me saṁśayaḥ kaścin martyān prati maheśvara। tasmāt taṁ naipuṇena adya mama ākhyātuṁ tvam arhasi॥13-132-40॥
O Maheshvara, I have a great doubt regarding certain mortals. Therefore, you should explain that to me skillfully today. (13-132-40)
kenāyurlabhate dīrghaṃ karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho। tapasā vāpi deveśa kenāyurlabhate mahat ॥13-132-41॥
O lord, by what does a man obtain long life—by action? Or, O ruler of the gods, by what does one obtain great longevity through austerity? (13-132-41)
kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ। vipākaṃ karmaṇāṃ deva vaktum arhasi anindita ॥13-132-42॥
O god, by what action does a human being on earth become short-lived? You, O blameless one, are worthy to tell the result of deeds. (13-132-42)
apare ca mahābhogā mandabhogās tathāpare। akulīnāstathā ca anye kulīnāś ca tathāpare ॥13-132-43॥
There are others of great enjoyment and some with little enjoyment; some of low birth and others of high birth, and yet others. (13-132-43)
durdarśāḥ kecid ābhānti narāḥ kāṣṭhamayā iva। priyadarśās tathā ca anye darśanād eva mānavāḥ ॥13-132-44॥
Some men appear hard to look at, like they are made of wood; while others are pleasant to look at, and just from the sight itself, they are agreeable. (13-132-44)
duṣprajñāḥ kecid ābhānti kecid ābhānti paṇḍitāḥ। mahāprajñās tathaivānye jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ॥13-132-45॥
Some with distorted understanding appear, some appear to be learned; likewise, there are others who are greatly wise, perceivers of knowledge and realization. (13-132-45)
alpābādhās tathā kecin mahābādhās tathā pare। dṛśyante puruṣā deva tan me śaṃsitum arhasi॥13-132-46॥
O god, some men are seen who suffer little, some who suffer greatly, and others as well. Please explain this to me. (13-132-46)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great Lord said.
hanta te'haṃ pravakṣyāmi devi karmaphalodayam। martyaloke narāḥ sarve yena svaṃ bhuñjate phalam ॥13-132-47॥
Now, O goddess, I will tell you about the manifestation of the result of actions, by which all men in the mortal world experience their own fruits. (13-132-47)
prāṇātipātī yo raudro daṇḍahastodyatastathā। nityamudyatadaṇḍaś ca hanti bhūtagarānnaraḥ॥13-132-48॥
A man who kills living beings, who is cruel and ever holds a raised staff, who constantly wields a weapon and slays groups of creatures, is such a person. (13-132-48)
nirdayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ nityamudvegakārakaḥ. api kīṭapipīlānāmaśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ ॥13-132-49॥
He is pitiless to all beings, always causing agitation; even to insects and ants, he gives no refuge and is utterly unmerciful. (13-132-49)
evambhūto naro devi nirayaṃ pratipadyate. viparītastu dharmātmā rūpavānabhijāyate ॥13-132-50॥
O Goddess, a man of such nature attains hell; but on the contrary, a righteous person is born handsome. (13-132-50)
nirayaṃ yāti hiṃsātmā yāti svargam ahiṃsakaḥ। yātanāṃ niraye raudrāṃ sa kṛcchrāṃ labhate naraḥ ॥13-132-51॥
The man whose nature is violent goes to hell, and the non-violent one goes to heaven. In hell, the violent man receives terrible and severe torment. (13-132-51)
atha cen nirayāt tasmāt samuttarati karhicit। mānuṣyaṃ labhate cāpi hīnāyus tatra jāyate ॥13-132-52॥
Now, if at any time he rises up from that hell, he obtains human birth and is born there with a reduced lifespan. (13-132-52)
pāpena karmaṇā devi baddho hiṁsāratiḥ naraḥ। apriyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ hīnāyur upajāyate ॥13-132-53॥
O goddess, a man bound by sinful deeds and delighting in violence is born unpleasant to all beings and short-lived. (13-132-53)
yastu śuklābhijātiyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ। nikṣiptadaṇḍo nirdiṇḍo na hinasti kadācana ॥13-132-54॥
But one who is born from purity, avoids killing living beings, has put aside the staff, and is free from punishing, never harms anyone. (13-132-54)
na ghātayati no hanti ghnantaṃ naivānumodate. sarvabhūteṣu sasneho yathātmani tathāpare ॥13-132-55॥
He neither causes others to be killed, nor himself kills, nor does he approve of one killing; to all beings he shows affection, just as to himself, so also to others. (13-132-55)
īdṛśaḥ puruṣotkarṣo devi devatvam aśnute। upapannān sukhān bhogān upāśnāti mudā yutaḥ॥13-132-56॥
O Goddess, such excellence in a man attains divinity; he enjoys all acquired pleasures and enjoyments, being endowed with joy. (13-132-56)
atha cen mānuṣe loke kadācid upapadyate। tatra dīrghāyur utpannaḥ sa naraḥ sukham edhate॥13-132-57॥
Now, if someone is ever born in the world of humans, then, being born long-lived there, that man attains happiness. (13-132-57)
evaṃ dīrghāyuṣāṃ mārgaḥ suvṛttānāṃ sukarmaṇām। prāṇihiṃsāvimokṣeṇa brahmaṇā samudīritaḥ ॥13-132-58॥
Thus, the path for long-lived people, for those of good conduct and good deeds, by refraining from violence to living beings, has been proclaimed by Brahman. (13-132-58)
