13.132
उमोवाच॥
Umā said;
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश सुरासुरनमस्कृत। धर्माधर्मे नृणां देव ब्रूहि मे संशयं विभो ॥१३-१३२-१॥
O Lord, Lord of all beings, worshipped by gods and asuras, please tell me about my doubt regarding righteousness and unrighteousness among men, O divine one, O all-pervading one. (13-132-1)
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा त्रिविधं हि नरः सदा। बध्यते बन्धनैः पाशैर्मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः ॥१३-१३२-२॥
A man is always bound by bonds and fetters of three kinds—by action, by mind, and by speech; he is also released, or bound again, in these ways. (13-132-2)
केन शीलेन वा देव कर्मणा कीदृशेन वा। समाचारैर्गुणैर्वाक्यैः स्वर्गं यान्तीह मानवाः ॥१३-१३२-३॥
By what conduct, O divine one, or by what kind of action, or by what behaviors, qualities, and words do people here attain heaven? (13-132-3)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said;
देवि धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे सत्यनित्ये दमे रते। सर्वप्राणिहितः प्रश्नः श्रूयतां बुद्धिवर्धनः ॥१३-१३२-४॥
O goddess, knower of the essential truths of dharma and artha, ever steadfast and devoted to self-restraint, please hear this question, which is for the good of all beings and increases intelligence. (13-132-4)
सत्यधर्मरताः सन्तः सर्वलिप्साविवर्जिताः। नाधर्मेण न धर्मेण बध्यन्ते छिन्नसंशयाः ॥१३-१३२-५॥
Those who delight in truth and righteousness, who are good and free from all greed, whose doubts have been destroyed, are not bound either by unrighteousness or by righteousness. (13-132-5)
प्रलयोत्पत्तितत्त्वज्ञाः सर्वज्ञाः समदर्शिनः। वीतरागा विमुच्यन्ते पुरुषाः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥१३-१३२-६॥
Persons who know the truth of dissolution and creation, who are omniscient, who see equally, and who are devoid of passion, are liberated from all bonds. (13-132-6)
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ये न हिंसन्ति किञ्चन। ये न सज्जन्ति कस्मिंश्चिद्बध्यन्ते ते न कर्मभिः ॥१३-१३२-७॥
Those who, by action, mind, or speech, do not harm anything; who do not attach themselves to anything, they are not bound by actions. (13-132-7)
प्राणातिपाताद्विरताः शीलवन्तो दयान्विताः। तुल्यद्वेष्यप्रिया दान्ता मुच्यन्ते कर्मबन्धनैः ॥१३-१३२-८॥
Those who refrain from killing living beings, possess virtuous conduct, are compassionate, regard enemy and beloved equally, and are self-restrained, are freed from the bonds of action. (13-132-8)
सर्वभूतदयावन्तो विश्वास्याः सर्वजन्तुषु। त्यक्तहिंसासमाचारास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-९॥
Those men who are compassionate to all beings, trustworthy towards all creatures, and act without violence—those go to heaven. (13-132-9)
परस्वे निर्ममा नित्यं परदारविवर्जकाः। धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१०॥
Men who are always free from possessiveness with regard to another's property, who avoid the wives of others, and who enjoy wealth acquired through righteousness—these go to heaven. (13-132-10)
मातृवत्स्वसृवच्चैव नित्यं दुहितृवच्च ये। परदारेषु वर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-११॥
Men who always treat other men's wives like their own mother, sister, or daughter are destined for heaven. (13-132-11)
स्तैन्यान्निवृत्ताः सततं सन्तुष्टाः स्वधनेन च। स्वभाग्यान्युपजीवन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१२॥
Those men who have turned away from theft, are always content with their own wealth, and live upon their own fortune—those men go to heaven. (13-132-12)
स्वदारनिरता ये च ऋतुकालाभिगामिनः। अग्राम्यसुखभोगाश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१३॥
Those men who are devoted to their own wives and approach them only at the proper season, and who do not partake in vulgar pleasures—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-13)
परदारेषु ये नित्यं चारित्रावृतलोचनाः। यतेन्द्रियाः शीलपरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१४॥
Men who always keep their eyes covered by morality towards others’ wives, who have restrained their senses and are devoted to good conduct, go to heaven. (13-132-14)
एष देवकृतो मार्गः सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः। अकषायकृतश्चैव मार्गः सेव्यः सदा बुधैः ॥१३-१३२-१५॥
This path created by the gods should always be followed by men; and the path not devised by the impure should always be followed by the wise. (13-132-15)
दानधर्मतपोयुक्तः शीलशौचदयात्मकः। वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः ॥ स्वर्गवासमभीप्सद्भिर्न सेव्यस्त्वत उत्तरः ॥१३-१३२-१६॥
A person endowed with charity, virtue, austerity, good conduct, purity, and compassion should always be served by men, whether for the sake of livelihood or for righteousness. Those who wish for residence in heaven should not serve anyone other than you. (13-132-16)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
वाचाथ बध्यते येन मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः। तानि कर्माणि मे देव वद भूतपतेऽनघ ॥१३-१३२-१७॥
O god, tell me of those actions by which one is bound by speech or is again released, O lord of beings, O sinless one. (13-132-17)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said.
आत्महेतोः परार्थे वा नर्महास्याश्रयात्तथा। ये मृषा न वदन्तीह ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१८॥
Those men who do not speak falsehood here, whether for their own sake, for the sake of others, or out of humor and laughter—those are the ones who go to heaven. (13-132-18)
वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा कामकारात्तथैव च। अनृतं ये न भाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-१९॥
Those men who do not speak falsehood, whether for the sake of livelihood, for dharma, or out of desire, are goers to heaven. (13-132-19)
श्लक्ष्णां वाणीं निराबाधां मधुरां पापवर्जिताम्। स्वागतेनाभिभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२०॥
Those men who speak to others with a welcoming, smooth, undisturbed, sweet, and sinless speech are destined for heaven. (13-132-20)
कटुकां ये न भाषन्ते परुषां निष्ठुरां गिरम्। अपैशुन्यरताः सन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२१॥
Those men who do not speak harsh, rough, or cruel words, and are devoted to not slandering others—these good men go to heaven. (13-132-21)
पिशुनां ये न भाषन्ते मित्रभेदकरीं गिरम्। ऋतां मैत्रीं प्रभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२२॥
Those who do not utter the speech of slanderers which causes division among friends, but who speak truthful and friendly words—those men attain heaven. (13-132-22)
वर्जयन्ति सदा सूच्यं परद्रोहं च मानवाः। सर्वभूतसमा दान्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२३॥
Those men who always avoid backbiting and harming others, who are equal to all beings and self-restrained, go to heaven. (13-132-23)
शठप्रलापाद्विरता विरुद्धपरिवर्जकाः। सौम्यप्रलापिनो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२४॥
Those men who refrain from harsh speech, avoid hostility, and always speak gently, go to heaven. (13-132-24)
न कोपाद्व्याहरन्ते ये वाचं हृदयदारणीम्। सान्त्वं वदन्ति क्रुद्धापि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-२५॥
Those men who do not utter heart-rending words out of anger and speak gentle words even when angry are destined for heaven. (13-132-25)
एष वाणीकृतो देवि धर्मः सेव्यः सदा नरैः। शुभः सत्यगुणो नित्यं वर्जनीया मृषा बुधैः ॥१३-१३२-२६॥
O goddess, this dharma stated in words should always be followed by men. That auspicious one, marked by truthfulness, is ever to be practiced; falsehood is always to be shunned by the wise. (13-132-26)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
मनसा बध्यते येन कर्मणा पुरुषः सदा। तन्मे ब्रूहि महाभाग देवदेव पिनाकधृक् ॥१३-१३२-२७॥
O greatly fortunate one, O god of gods, O wielder of the Pināka, tell me that by which action a person is always bound by the mind. (13-132-27)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great Lord said.
मानसेनेह धर्मेण संयुक्ताः पुरुषाः सदा। स्वर्गं गच्छन्ति कल्याणि तन्मे कीर्तयतः शृणु ॥१३-१३२-२८॥
O auspicious one, men who are always joined here by intention and by righteousness go to heaven; hear that, as I declare it. (13-132-28)
दुष्प्रणीतेन मनसा दुष्प्रणीततराकृतिः। बध्यते मानवो येन शृणु चान्यच्छुभानने ॥१३-१३२-२९॥
A man is bound by a mind that is poorly led and assumes an even worse state; hear also another (teaching), O auspicious-faced one. (13-132-29)
अरण्ये विजने न्यस्तं परस्वं वीक्ष्य ये नराः। मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३०॥
Those men who, even having seen another's property left in a desolate forest, do not harm it even in their mind — those men go to heaven. (13-132-30)
ग्रामे गृहे वा यद्द्रव्यं पारक्यं विजने स्थितम्। नाभिनन्दन्ति वै नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३१॥
Those men who are destined for heaven never take pleasure in (or approve of) the property of another, whether it is in a village, in a house, or placed in a lonely spot. (13-132-31)
तथैव परदारान्ये कामवृत्तान्रहोगतान्। मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३२॥
Likewise, those men who do not harm even in their mind the wives of others gone to seclusion by desire—such men are destined for heaven. (13-132-32)
शत्रुं मित्रं च ये नित्यं तुल्येन मनसा नराः। भजन्ति मैत्राः सङ्गम्य ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३३॥
Men who always associate with both enemies and friends with an equal mind, joining together in friendliness, those men go to heaven. (13-132-33)
श्रुतवन्तो दयावन्तः शुचयः सत्यसङ्गराः। स्वैरर्थैः परिसन्तुष्टास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३४॥
Those men who possess learning, compassion, purity, are steadfast in truth, and are fully content with their own possessions are destined for heaven. (13-132-34)
अवैरा ये त्वनायासा मैत्रचित्तपराः सदा। सर्वभूतदयावन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३५॥
Men who are free from enmity, ever unwearied, devoted to friendly thoughts, and compassionate toward all beings – these men go to heaven. (13-132-35)
श्रद्धावन्तो दयावन्तश्चोक्षाश्चोक्षजनप्रियाः। धर्माधर्मविदो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३६॥
Men who are possessed of faith, full of compassion, noble, beloved by noble people, and always knowers of dharma and adharma—these men are destined for heaven. (13-132-36)
शुभानामशुभानां च कर्मणां फलसञ्चये। विपाकज्ञाश्च ये देवि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३७॥
O goddess, those men who are knowers of the ripening of the accumulated fruits of auspicious and inauspicious actions, they proceed to heaven. (13-132-37)
न्यायोपेता गुणोपेता देवद्विजपराः सदा। समतां समनुप्राप्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-१३२-३८॥
Men who are endowed with justice and virtues, always devoted to the gods and the twice-born, and who have attained equality, these proceed to heaven. (13-132-38)
शुभैः कर्मफलैर्देवि मयैते परिकीर्तिताः। स्वर्गमार्गोपगा भूयः किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥१३-१३२-३९॥
O goddess, I have described to you these auspicious results of actions, which lead to the path of heaven; do you desire to hear anything else? (13-132-39)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
महान्मे संशयः कश्चिन्मर्त्यान्प्रति महेश्वर। तस्मात्तं नैपुणेनाद्य ममाख्यातुं त्वमर्हसि ॥१३-१३२-४०॥
O Maheshvara, I have a great doubt regarding certain mortals. Therefore, you should explain that to me skillfully today. (13-132-40)
केनायुर्लभते दीर्घं कर्मणा पुरुषः प्रभो। तपसा वापि देवेश केनायुर्लभते महत् ॥१३-१३२-४१॥
O lord, by what does a man obtain long life—by action? Or, O ruler of the gods, by what does one obtain great longevity through austerity? (13-132-41)
क्षीणायुः केन भवति कर्मणा भुवि मानवः। विपाकं कर्मणां देव वक्तुमर्हस्यनिन्दित ॥१३-१३२-४२॥
O god, by what action does a human being on earth become short-lived? You, O blameless one, are worthy to tell the result of deeds. (13-132-42)
अपरे च महाभोगा मन्दभोगास्तथापरे। अकुलीनास्तथा चान्ये कुलीनाश्च तथापरे ॥१३-१३२-४३॥
There are others of great enjoyment and some with little enjoyment; some of low birth and others of high birth, and yet others. (13-132-43)
दुर्दर्शाः केचिदाभान्ति नराः काष्ठमया इव। प्रियदर्शास्तथा चान्ये दर्शनादेव मानवाः ॥१३-१३२-४४॥
Some men appear hard to look at, like they are made of wood; while others are pleasant to look at, and just from the sight itself, they are agreeable. (13-132-44)
दुष्प्रज्ञाः केचिदाभान्ति केचिदाभान्ति पण्डिताः। महाप्रज्ञास्तथैवान्ये ज्ञानविज्ञानदर्शिनः ॥१३-१३२-४५॥
Some with distorted understanding appear, some appear to be learned; likewise, there are others who are greatly wise, perceivers of knowledge and realization. (13-132-45)
अल्पाबाधास्तथा केचिन्महाबाधास्तथापरे। दृश्यन्ते पुरुषा देव तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥१३-१३२-४६॥
O god, some men are seen who suffer little, some who suffer greatly, and others as well. Please explain this to me. (13-132-46)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great Lord said.
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि देवि कर्मफलोदयम्। मर्त्यलोके नराः सर्वे येन स्वं भुञ्जते फलम् ॥१३-१३२-४७॥
Now, O goddess, I will tell you about the manifestation of the result of actions, by which all men in the mortal world experience their own fruits. (13-132-47)
प्राणातिपाती यो रौद्रो दण्डहस्तोद्यतस्तथा। नित्यमुद्यतदण्डश्च हन्ति भूतगणान्नरः ॥१३-१३२-४८॥
A man who kills living beings, who is cruel and ever holds a raised staff, who constantly wields a weapon and slays groups of creatures, is such a person. (13-132-48)
निर्दयः सर्वभूतानां नित्यमुद्वेगकारकः। अपि कीटपिपीलानामशरण्यः सुनिर्घृणः ॥१३-१३२-४९॥
He is pitiless to all beings, always causing agitation; even to insects and ants, he gives no refuge and is utterly unmerciful. (13-132-49)
एवम्भूतो नरो देवि निरयं प्रतिपद्यते। विपरीतस्तु धर्मात्मा रूपवानभिजायते ॥१३-१३२-५०॥
O Goddess, a man of such nature attains hell; but on the contrary, a righteous person is born handsome. (13-132-50)
निरयं याति हिंसात्मा याति स्वर्गमहिंसकः। यातनां निरये रौद्रां स कृच्छ्रां लभते नरः ॥१३-१३२-५१॥
The man whose nature is violent goes to hell, and the non-violent one goes to heaven. In hell, the violent man receives terrible and severe torment. (13-132-51)
अथ चेन्निरयात्तस्मात्समुत्तरति कर्हिचित्। मानुष्यं लभते चापि हीनायुस्तत्र जायते ॥१३-१३२-५२॥
Now, if at any time he rises up from that hell, he obtains human birth and is born there with a reduced lifespan. (13-132-52)
पापेन कर्मणा देवि बद्धो हिंसारतिर्नरः। अप्रियः सर्वभूतानां हीनायुरुपजायते ॥१३-१३२-५३॥
O goddess, a man bound by sinful deeds and delighting in violence is born unpleasant to all beings and short-lived. (13-132-53)
यस्तु शुक्लाभिजातीयः प्राणिघातविवर्जकः। निक्षिप्तदण्डो निर्दण्डो न हिनस्ति कदाचन ॥१३-१३२-५४॥
But one who is born from purity, avoids killing living beings, has put aside the staff, and is free from punishing, never harms anyone. (13-132-54)
न घातयति नो हन्ति घ्नन्तं नैवानुमोदते। सर्वभूतेषु सस्नेहो यथात्मनि तथापरे ॥१३-१३२-५५॥
He neither causes others to be killed, nor himself kills, nor does he approve of one killing; to all beings he shows affection, just as to himself, so also to others. (13-132-55)
ईदृशः पुरुषोत्कर्षो देवि देवत्वमश्नुते। उपपन्नान्सुखान्भोगानुपाश्नाति मुदा युतः ॥१३-१३२-५६॥
O Goddess, such excellence in a man attains divinity; he enjoys all acquired pleasures and enjoyments, being endowed with joy. (13-132-56)
अथ चेन्मानुषे लोके कदाचिदुपपद्यते। तत्र दीर्घायुरुत्पन्नः स नरः सुखमेधते ॥१३-१३२-५७॥
Now, if someone is ever born in the world of humans, then, being born long-lived there, that man attains happiness. (13-132-57)
एवं दीर्घायुषां मार्गः सुवृत्तानां सुकर्मणाम्। प्राणिहिंसाविमोक्षेण ब्रह्मणा समुदीरितः ॥१३-१३२-५८॥
Thus, the path for long-lived people, for those of good conduct and good deeds, by refraining from violence to living beings, has been proclaimed by Brahman. (13-132-58)
