13.148
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
ये च धर्ममसूयन्ति ये चैनं पर्युपासते। ब्रवीतु भगवानेतत्क्व ते गच्छन्ति तादृशाः ॥१३-१४८-१॥
O revered one, tell (us) this: those who envy righteousness, and those who serve him — where do such persons go? (13-148-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhishma said.
रजसा तमसा चैव समवस्तीर्णचेतसः। नरकं प्रतिपद्यन्ते धर्मविद्वेषिणो नराः ॥१३-१४८-२॥
Men whose minds are pervaded by rajas and tamas, who are haters of dharma, attain hell. (13-148-2)
ये तु धर्मं महाराज सततं पर्युपासते। सत्यार्जवपराः सन्तस्ते वै स्वर्गभुजो नराः ॥१३-१४८-३॥
But those men, O great king, who constantly uphold dharma and are devoted to truth and straightforwardness, these good people indeed are those who enjoy heaven. (13-148-3)
धर्म एव रतिस्तेषामाचार्योपासनाद्भवेत्। देवलोकं प्रपद्यन्ते ये धर्मं पर्युपासते ॥१३-१४८-४॥
For them, righteousness itself becomes devotion, which arises from service to the teacher. Those who devotedly practice righteousness attain the world of the gods. (13-148-4)
मनुष्या यदि वा देवाः शरीरमुपताप्य वै। धर्मिणः सुखमेधन्ते लोभद्वेषविवर्जिताः ॥१३-१४८-५॥
Whether humans or deities, after subjecting the body to distress, the righteous—free from greed and hatred—truly enjoy happiness. (13-148-5)
प्रथमं ब्रह्मणः पुत्रं धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। धर्मिणः पर्युपासन्ते फलं पक्वमिवाशयः ॥१३-१४८-६॥
The wise say Dharma is the first son of Brahman; the righteous attend upon him, just as hopes attend upon ripe fruit. (13-148-6)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhishthira said.
असतां कीदृशं रूपं साधवः किं च कुर्वते। ब्रवीतु मे भवानेतत्सन्तोऽसन्तश्च कीदृशाः ॥१३-१४८-७॥
What is the nature of the unvirtuous? What do the virtuous do? Please tell me this, O revered one—what are the characteristics of the good and the bad? (13-148-7)
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhishma said.
दुराचाराश्च दुर्धर्षा दुर्मुखाश्चाप्यसाधवः। साधवः शीलसम्पन्नाः शिष्टाचारस्य लक्षणम् ॥१३-१४८-८॥
Those who are evil-behaved, unapproachable, ill-mannered, and unrighteous are not exemplary; rather, the righteous, endowed with good character, are the mark of proper conduct. (13-148-8)
राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये गोष्ठमध्ये च धर्मिणः। नोपसेवन्ति राजेन्द्र सर्गं मूत्रपुरीषयोः ॥१३-१४८-९॥
O king, the righteous do not relieve themselves of urine and feces on the royal road, among cows, or in the middle of the cow-pen. (13-148-9)
पञ्चानामशनं दत्त्वा शेषमश्नन्ति साधवः। न जल्पन्ति च भुञ्जाना न निद्रान्त्यार्द्रपाणयः ॥१३-१४८-१०॥
The virtuous, after giving food for five, eat what remains; while eating, they do not engage in idle talk, nor do they sleep with wet hands. (13-148-10)
चित्रभानुमनड्वाहं देवं गोष्ठं चतुष्पथम्। ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैत्यं ते कुर्वन्ति प्रदक्षिणम् ॥१३-१४८-११॥
They circumambulate the sun, the bull, the deity, the cow-stall, the crossroads, the brāhmaṇa, the righteous person, and the sacred spot. (13-148-11)
वृद्धानां भारतप्तानां स्त्रीणां बालातुरस्य च। ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ते ॥१३-१४८-१२॥
They give way to the aged, to those afflicted by the world, to women, to distressed children, to Brāhmaṇas, to cows, and to kings. (13-148-12)
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च। तथा शरणकामानां गोप्ता स्यात्स्वागतप्रदः ॥१३-१४८-१३॥
He should be a protector and giver of welcome to guests, to all, to servants, to his own people, and likewise to those seeking refuge. (13-148-13)
सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं देवनिर्मितम्। नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासविधिर्हि सः ॥१३-१४८-१४॥
For humans, meals in the evening and morning are divinely prescribed. Eating in between is not approved; that is indeed the rule of fasting. (13-148-14)
होमकाले यथा वह्निः कालमेव प्रतीक्षते। ऋतुकाले तथा नारी ऋतुमेव प्रतीक्षते ॥ न चान्यां गच्छते यस्तु ब्रह्मचर्यं हि तत्स्मृतम् ॥१३-१४८-१५॥
Just as, at a sacrifice, fire waits for the appointed time, so too, at the time of her period, a woman waits for the right time. But he who does not go to another woman—indeed, that is called celibacy. (13-148-15)
अमृतं ब्राह्मणा गाव इत्येतत्त्रयमेकतः। तस्माद्गोब्राह्मणं नित्यमर्चयेत यथाविधि ॥१३-१४८-१६॥
Nectar, Brāhmaṇas, and cows—these three are of equal value. Therefore, one should always duly honor the cow and the Brāhmaṇa according to prescribed rules. (13-148-16)
यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसमुपभुञ्जन्न दुष्यति। पृष्ठमांसं वृथामांसं पुत्रमांसं च तत्समम् ॥१३-१४८-१७॥
Eating meat that has been consecrated with Vedic formulas does not defile. Back meat, meat killed needlessly, the meat of a son, and similar kinds are exceptions. (13-148-17)
स्वदेशे परदेशे वाप्यतिथिं नोपवासयेत्। कर्म वै सफलं कृत्वा गुरूणां प्रतिपादयेत् ॥१३-१४८-१८॥
Whether in one's own country or in a foreign land, one must not make a guest fast; after successfully performing the act, it should be presented to the elders. (13-148-18)
गुरुभ्य आसनं देयमभिवाद्याभिपूज्य च। गुरूनभ्यर्च्य वर्धन्ते आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥१३-१४८-१९॥
A seat should be offered to teachers after saluting and honoring them; by worshipping teachers, one prospers with longevity, fame, and prosperity. (13-148-19)
वृद्धान्नातिवदेज्जातु न च सम्प्रेषयेदपि। नासीनः स्यात्स्थितेष्वेवमायुरस्य न रिष्यते ॥१३-१४८-२०॥
One should never speak over elders nor make them act as messengers. One should not remain seated when others are standing; in this way, one's lifespan is not diminished. (13-148-20)
न नग्नामीक्षते नारीं न विद्वान्पुरुषानपि। मैथुनं सततं गुप्तमाहारं च समाचरेत् ॥१३-१४८-२१॥
One should not look at a naked woman, nor should a wise man look even at naked men. Sexual union should always be kept secret, and also the taking of food should be done in private. (13-148-21)
तीर्थानां गुरवस्तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचि। दर्शनानां परं ज्ञानं सन्तोषः परमं सुखम् ॥१३-१४८-२२॥
Among holy places, teachers themselves are the true pilgrimage; among the pure, the heart is truly pure. Among philosophies, knowledge is supreme; and contentment is the highest happiness. (13-148-22)
सायं प्रातश्च वृद्धानां शृणुयात्पुष्कला गिरः। श्रुतमाप्नोति हि नरः सततं वृद्धसेवया ॥१३-१४८-२३॥
By listening to the abundant words of the elders in the evening and morning, a man always attains learning by serving the elders. (13-148-23)
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत्। यच्छेद्वाङ्मनसी नित्यमिन्द्रियाणां च विभ्रमम् ॥१३-१४८-२४॥
While engaged in study and eating, one should raise the right hand. One should always restrain both the speech in the mind and the wandering of the senses. (13-148-24)
संस्कृतं पायसं नित्यं यवागूं कृसरं हविः। अष्टकाः पितृदैवत्या वृद्धानामभिपूजनम् ॥१३-१४८-२५॥
Rice pudding prepared in a refined manner, gruel, porridge, and oblation should always be offered; the aṣṭakā rites are dedicated to the forefathers and deities, and are a form of reverential worship of the elders. (13-148-25)
श्मश्रुकर्मणि मङ्गल्यं क्षुतानामभिनन्दनम्। व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुषः प्रतिनन्दनम् ॥१३-१४८-२६॥
In the act of shaving or barbering there is auspiciousness; for the hungry, a greeting; for the sick and, indeed, for all, there is a renewal of life. (13-148-26)
न जातु त्वमिति ब्रूयादापन्नोऽपि महत्तरम्। त्वङ्कारो वा वधो वेति विद्वत्सु न विशिष्यते ॥ अवराणां समानानां शिष्याणां च समाचरेत् ॥१३-१४८-२७॥
One should never address a greater person as 'you', even if afflicted. Among the learned, addressing someone as 'tvam' and killing are not distinguished (both are serious offenses). One should interact equally with inferiors, equals, and disciples. (13-148-27)
पापमाचक्षते नित्यं हृदयं पापकर्मिणाम्। ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ॥१३-१४८-२८॥
The hearts of evil-doers always declare sin. Those who, though aware, attempt to conceal (their sins) in great society are destroyed. (13-148-28)
ज्ञानपूर्वं कृतं कर्म च्छादयन्ते ह्यसाधवः। न मां मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति न मां पश्यन्ति देवताः ॥ पापेनाभिहतः पापः पापमेवाभिजायते ॥१३-१४८-२९॥
Actions performed with prior knowledge are indeed concealed by the wicked; neither humans see me, nor do the gods see me. Struck by sin, the sinner indeed brings forth only sin. (13-148-29)
यथा वार्धुषिको वृद्धिं देहभेदे प्रतीक्षते। धर्मेणापिहितं पापं धर्ममेवाभिवर्धयेत् ॥१३-१४८-३०॥
Just as a usurer awaits interest at the time of death, so too should one increase only righteousness, for sin concealed by righteousness (will remain). (13-148-30)
यथा लवणमम्भोभिराप्लुतं प्रविलीयते। प्रायश्चित्तहतं पापं तथा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१३-१४८-३१॥
Just as salt immersed in water is completely dissolved, so sin that has been destroyed by expiation perishes immediately. (13-148-31)
तस्मात्पापं न गूहेत गूहमानं विवर्धते। कृत्वा तु साधुष्वाख्येयं ते तत्प्रशमयन्त्युत ॥१३-१४८-३२॥
Therefore, one should not hide a sin, for when hidden, it increases. But having committed it, one should confess it to the righteous, for they indeed quell it. (13-148-32)
आशया सञ्चितं द्रव्यं यत्काले नोपभुज्यते। अन्ये चैतत्प्रपद्यन्ते वियोगे तस्य देहिनः ॥१३-१४८-३३॥
The wealth accumulated with hope, which is not enjoyed in its proper time, is acquired by others when its possessor, the embodied one, is separated (by death). (13-148-33)
मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि धर्ममेव समासते ॥१३-१४८-३४॥
The wise say that the dharma of all beings is mental; therefore, all beings are indeed established only in dharma. (13-148-34)
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं न धर्मध्वजिको भवेत्। धर्मवाणिजका ह्येते ये धर्ममुपभुञ्जते ॥१३-१४८-३५॥
One should practice dharma alone and not become one who flaunts dharma. Those who display dharma outwardly are in fact dealers in righteousness, who merely consume dharma for their own benefit. (13-148-35)
अर्चेद्देवानदम्भेन सेवेतामायया गुरून्। निधिं निदध्यात्पारत्र्यं यात्रार्थं दानशब्दितम् ॥१३-१४८-३६॥
One should worship the gods sincerely, serve teachers honestly, and for travel abroad, deposit treasure as if it were a donation. (13-148-36)
