13.148
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
ye ca dharmam asūyanti ye ca enaṃ paryupāsate। bravītu bhagavān etat kva te gacchanti tādṛśāḥ॥13-148-1॥
O revered one, tell (us) this: those who envy righteousness, and those who serve him — where do such persons go? (13-148-1)
bhīṣma uvāca॥
Bhishma said.
rajasā tamasā caiva samavastīrṇacetasaḥ। narakaṃ pratipadyante dharmavidveṣiṇo narāḥ॥13-148-2॥
Men whose minds are pervaded by rajas and tamas, who are haters of dharma, attain hell. (13-148-2)
ye tu dharmaṃ mahārāja satataṃ paryupāsate। satyārjavaparāḥ santaḥ te vai svargabhujo narāḥ ॥13-148-3॥
But those men, O great king, who constantly uphold dharma and are devoted to truth and straightforwardness, these good people indeed are those who enjoy heaven. (13-148-3)
dharma eva ratisteṣām ācāryopāsanād bhavet। devalokaṃ prapadyante ye dharmaṃ paryupāsate ॥13-148-4॥
For them, righteousness itself becomes devotion, which arises from service to the teacher. Those who devotedly practice righteousness attain the world of the gods. (13-148-4)
manuṣyā yadi vā devāḥ śarīram upatāpya vai। dharmiṇaḥ sukhame dhante lobhadveṣavivarjitāḥ ॥13-148-5॥
Whether humans or deities, after subjecting the body to distress, the righteous—free from greed and hatred—truly enjoy happiness. (13-148-5)
prathamaṁ brahmaṇaḥ putraṁ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। dharmiṇaḥ paryupāsante phalaṁ pakvam ivāśayaḥ ॥13-148-6॥
The wise say Dharma is the first son of Brahman; the righteous attend upon him, just as hopes attend upon ripe fruit. (13-148-6)
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
Yudhishthira said.
asatāṃ kīdṛśaṃ rūpaṃ sādhavaḥ kiṃ ca kurvate। bravītu me bhavān etat santo'santaś ca kīdṛśāḥ॥13-148-7॥
What is the nature of the unvirtuous? What do the virtuous do? Please tell me this, O revered one—what are the characteristics of the good and the bad? (13-148-7)
bhīṣma uvāca॥
Bhishma said.
durācārāś ca durdharṣā durmukhāś cāpy asādhavaḥ। sādhavaḥ śīlasampannāḥ śiṣṭācārasya lakṣaṇam॥13-148-8॥
Those who are evil-behaved, unapproachable, ill-mannered, and unrighteous are not exemplary; rather, the righteous, endowed with good character, are the mark of proper conduct. (13-148-8)
rājamārge gavāṃ madhye goṣṭhamadhye ca dharmiṇaḥ। nopasevanti rājendra sargaṃ mūtrapurīṣayoḥ ॥13-148-9॥
O king, the righteous do not relieve themselves of urine and feces on the royal road, among cows, or in the middle of the cow-pen. (13-148-9)
pañcānāmaśanaṃ dattvā śeṣamaśnanti sādhavaḥ। na jalpanti ca bhuñjānā na nidrāntyardrapāṇayaḥ ॥13-148-10॥
The virtuous, after giving food for five, eat what remains; while eating, they do not engage in idle talk, nor do they sleep with wet hands. (13-148-10)
citrabhānum anaḍvāhaṃ devaṃ goṣṭhaṃ catuṣpatham | brāhmaṇaṃ dhārmikaṃ caityaṃ te kurvanti pradakṣiṇam ॥13-148-11॥
They circumambulate the sun, the bull, the deity, the cow-stall, the crossroads, the brāhmaṇa, the righteous person, and the sacred spot. (13-148-11)
vṛddhānāṃ bhārataptānāṃ strīṇāṃ bālāturasya ca। brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ rājñāṃ panthānaṃ dadate ca te॥13-148-12॥
They give way to the aged, to those afflicted by the world, to women, to distressed children, to Brāhmaṇas, to cows, and to kings. (13-148-12)
atithīnāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ preṣyāṇāṃ svajanasya ca। tathā śaraṇakāmānāṃ goptā syātsvāgatapradaḥ ॥13-148-13॥
He should be a protector and giver of welcome to guests, to all, to servants, to his own people, and likewise to those seeking refuge. (13-148-13)
sāyaṃ prātar-manuṣyāṇām-aśanaṃ deva-nirmitam। na antarā bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭam-upavāsa-vidhiḥ hi saḥ ॥13-148-14॥
For humans, meals in the evening and morning are divinely prescribed. Eating in between is not approved; that is indeed the rule of fasting. (13-148-14)
homakāle yathā vahniḥ kālam eva pratīkṣate। ṛtukāle tathā nārī ṛtum eva pratīkṣate ॥ na cānyāṁ gacchate yastu brahmacaryaṁ hi tatsmṛtam ॥13-148-15॥
Just as, at a sacrifice, fire waits for the appointed time, so too, at the time of her period, a woman waits for the right time. But he who does not go to another woman—indeed, that is called celibacy. (13-148-15)
amṛtaṁ brāhmaṇā gāva ity etat trayam ekataḥ। tasmād gobrāhmaṇaṁ nityam arcayet yathāvidhi ॥13-148-16॥
Nectar, Brāhmaṇas, and cows—these three are of equal value. Therefore, one should always duly honor the cow and the Brāhmaṇa according to prescribed rules. (13-148-16)
yajuṣā saṃskṛtaṃ māṃsam upabhuñjan na duṣyati। pṛṣṭhamāṃsaṃ vṛthāmāṃsaṃ putramāṃsaṃ ca tatsamam ॥13-148-17॥
Eating meat that has been consecrated with Vedic formulas does not defile. Back meat, meat killed needlessly, the meat of a son, and similar kinds are exceptions. (13-148-17)
svadeśe paradeśe vāpy-atithiṁ nopavāsayet। karma vai saphalaṁ kṛtvā gurūṇāṁ pratipādayet॥13-148-18॥
Whether in one's own country or in a foreign land, one must not make a guest fast; after successfully performing the act, it should be presented to the elders. (13-148-18)
gurubhya āsanaṃ deyam abhivādyābhipūjya ca। gurūn abhyarcya vardhante āyuṣā yaśasā śriyā ॥13-148-19॥
A seat should be offered to teachers after saluting and honoring them; by worshipping teachers, one prospers with longevity, fame, and prosperity. (13-148-19)
vṛddhān nātivadej jātu na ca sampreṣayed api। nāsīnaḥ syāt sthiteṣv evam āyur asya na riṣyate ॥13-148-20॥
One should never speak over elders nor make them act as messengers. One should not remain seated when others are standing; in this way, one's lifespan is not diminished. (13-148-20)
na naghnāmīkṣate nārīṃ na vidvān puruṣān api। maithunaṃ satataṃ guptaṃ āhāraṃ ca samācaret ॥13-148-21॥
One should not look at a naked woman, nor should a wise man look even at naked men. Sexual union should always be kept secret, and also the taking of food should be done in private. (13-148-21)
tīrthānāṃ guravastīrthaṃ śucīnāṃ hṛdayaṃ śuci. darśanānāṃ paraṃ jñānaṃ santoṣaḥ paramaṃ sukham ॥13-148-22॥
Among holy places, teachers themselves are the true pilgrimage; among the pure, the heart is truly pure. Among philosophies, knowledge is supreme; and contentment is the highest happiness. (13-148-22)
sāyaṁ prātaś ca vṛddhānāṁ śṛṇuyāt puṣkalā giraḥ। śrutam āpnoti hi naraḥ satataṁ vṛddhasevayā ॥13-148-23॥
By listening to the abundant words of the elders in the evening and morning, a man always attains learning by serving the elders. (13-148-23)
svādhyāye bhojane caiva dakṣiṇaṃ pāṇim uddharet । yacched vāṅmanasī nityam indriyāṇāṃ ca vibhramam ॥13-148-24॥
While engaged in study and eating, one should raise the right hand. One should always restrain both the speech in the mind and the wandering of the senses. (13-148-24)
saṃskṛtaṃ pāyasaṃ nityaṃ yavāgūṃ kṛsaraṃ haviḥ। aṣṭakāḥ pitṛdaivatyaā vṛddhānām abhipūjanam॥13-148-25॥
Rice pudding prepared in a refined manner, gruel, porridge, and oblation should always be offered; the aṣṭakā rites are dedicated to the forefathers and deities, and are a form of reverential worship of the elders. (13-148-25)
śmaśrukarmaṇi maṅgalyaṃ kṣutānām abhinandanam। vyādhitānāṃ ca sarveṣām āyuṣaḥ pratinandanam ॥13-148-26॥
In the act of shaving or barbering there is auspiciousness; for the hungry, a greeting; for the sick and, indeed, for all, there is a renewal of life. (13-148-26)
na jātu tvam iti brūyād āpanno'pi mahattaram. tvaṅkāro vā vadho veti vidvatsu na viśiṣyate ॥ avarāṇāṃ samānānāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ ca samācaret ॥13-148-27॥
One should never address a greater person as 'you', even if afflicted. Among the learned, addressing someone as 'tvam' and killing are not distinguished (both are serious offenses). One should interact equally with inferiors, equals, and disciples. (13-148-27)
pāpam ācakṣate nityaṁ hṛdayaṁ pāpakarmiṇām। jñānapūrvaṁ vinaśyanti gūhamānā mahājane ॥13-148-28॥
The hearts of evil-doers always declare sin. Those who, though aware, attempt to conceal (their sins) in great society are destroyed. (13-148-28)
jñānapūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ karma chādayante hyasādhavaḥ। na māṃ manuṣyāḥ paśyanti na māṃ paśyanti devatāḥ ॥ pāpenābhihataḥ pāpaḥ pāpamevābhijāyate ॥13-148-29॥
Actions performed with prior knowledge are indeed concealed by the wicked; neither humans see me, nor do the gods see me. Struck by sin, the sinner indeed brings forth only sin. (13-148-29)
yathā vārḍhuṣiko vṛddhiṃ dehabhede pratīkṣate. dharmeṇāpihitaṃ pāpaṃ dharmamevābhivardhayet ॥13-148-30॥
Just as a usurer awaits interest at the time of death, so too should one increase only righteousness, for sin concealed by righteousness (will remain). (13-148-30)
yathā lavaṇam ambhobhir āplutaṃ pravilīyate। prāyaścittahataṃ pāpaṃ tathā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati॥13-148-31॥
Just as salt immersed in water is completely dissolved, so sin that has been destroyed by expiation perishes immediately. (13-148-31)
tasmātpāpaṃ na gūheta gūhamānaṃ vivardhate. kṛtvā tu sādhuṣv ākhyeyaṃ te tatpraśamayantyuta ॥13-148-32॥
Therefore, one should not hide a sin, for when hidden, it increases. But having committed it, one should confess it to the righteous, for they indeed quell it. (13-148-32)
āśayā sañcitaṃ dravyaṃ yatkāle nopabhujyate। anye caitatprapadyante viyoge tasya dehinaḥ॥13-148-33॥
The wealth accumulated with hope, which is not enjoyed in its proper time, is acquired by others when its possessor, the embodied one, is separated (by death). (13-148-33)
mānasaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ dharmam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ। tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni dharmam eva samāsate ॥13-148-34॥
The wise say that the dharma of all beings is mental; therefore, all beings are indeed established only in dharma. (13-148-34)
eka eva cared dharmaṁ na dharmadhvajiko bhavet। dharmavāṇijakā hy ete ye dharmam upabhuñjate ॥13-148-35॥
One should practice dharma alone and not become one who flaunts dharma. Those who display dharma outwardly are in fact dealers in righteousness, who merely consume dharma for their own benefit. (13-148-35)
arceddevānadambhena sevētāmāyayā gurūn. nidhiṁ nidadhyātpāratryaṁ yātrārthaṁ dānaśabditam ॥13-148-36॥
One should worship the gods sincerely, serve teachers honestly, and for travel abroad, deposit treasure as if it were a donation. (13-148-36)
