02.045
Core-Pancharatra: Duyodhana, Shakuni and Dritarastra plan for a game of dice and send Vidura to fetch Yudhisthira.

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun, name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

अनुभूय तु राज्ञस्तं राजसूयं महाक्रतुम्। युधिष्ठिरस्य नृपतेर्गान्धारीपुत्रसंयुतः ॥२-४५-१॥

anubhūya tu rājñas taṃ rājasūyaṃ mahākratum। yudhiṣṭhirasya nṛpater gāndhārīputrasaṃyutaḥ ॥2-45-1॥

[अनुभूय (anubhūya) - having experienced; तु (tu) - but; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; तम् (tam) - that; राजसूयम् (rājasūyam) - Rājasūya (royal consecration sacrifice); महाक्रतुम् (mahākratum) - great sacrifice; युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira; नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king; गान्धारीपुत्रसंयुतः (gāndhārīputrasaṃyutaḥ) - accompanied by the sons of Gandhari;]

(Having experienced, but, of the king, that, Rājasūya (royal consecration sacrifice), great sacrifice, of Yudhiṣṭhira, of the king, accompanied by the sons of Gandhari.)

But having participated in that great Rājasūya sacrifice of King Yudhiṣṭhira, accompanied by the sons of Gandhari. (2-45-1)

प्रियकृन्मतमाज्ञाय पूर्वं दुर्योधनस्य तत्। प्रज्ञाचक्षुषमासीनं शकुनिः सौबलस्तदा ॥२-४५-२॥

priyakṛnmatamājñāya pūrvaṃ duryodhanasya tat। prajñācakṣuṣamāsīnaṃ śakuniḥ saubalastadā ॥2-45-2॥

[प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - one who acts kindly; मतम् (matam) - opinion; आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana; तत् (tat) - that; प्रज्ञा-चक्षुषम् (prajñā-cakṣuṣam) - one with the eye of wisdom; आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - son of Subala; तदा (tadā) - then;]

(Having understood the opinion of the kind-doer before, that of Duryodhana, Śakuni, son of Subala, then, seated with the eye of wisdom.)

Śakuni, son of Subala, who was seated with insight, having previously understood the opinion of the well-wisher, that is, Duryodhana, then (spoke). (2-45-2)

दुर्योधनवचः श्रुत्वा धृतराष्ट्रं जनाधिपम्। उपगम्य महाप्राज्ञं शकुनिर्वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥२-४५-३॥

duryodhanavacaḥ śrutvā dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ janādhipam। upagamya mahāprājñaṃ śakunirvākyamabravīt ॥2-45-3॥

[दुर्योधनवचः (duryodhanavacaḥ) - Duryodhana's words; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; धृतराष्ट्रं (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra; जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - the lord of men; उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached; महाप्राज्ञं (mahāprājñam) - the greatly wise; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke;]

(Having heard Duryodhana's words, having approached Dhritarashtra, the lord of men, the greatly wise Shakuni spoke words.)

After hearing Duryodhana's words, Shakuni, the greatly wise, approached Dhritarashtra, the lord of men, and spoke these words. (2-45-3)

दुर्योधनो महाराज विवर्णो हरिणः कृशः। दीनश्चिन्तापरश्चैव तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ ॥२-४५-४॥

duryodhanaḥ mahārāja vivarṇaḥ hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ। dīnaś cintāparaś caiva tad viddhi bharatarṣabha ॥2-45-4॥

[दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; (name of the king); महाराज (mahārāja) - great king; विवर्णः (vivarṇaḥ) - discolored; हरिणः (hariṇaḥ) - like a deer; कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated; दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected; चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - absorbed in anxiety; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]

(Duryodhana, the great king, discolored, like a deer, emaciated, dejected, absorbed in anxiety, and indeed, that know, O best of the Bharatas (2-45-4))

O best of the Bharatas, know that Duryodhana, the great king, was pale, emaciated like a deer, dejected, and deeply absorbed in anxiety. (2-45-4)

न वै परीक्षसे सम्यगसह्यं शत्रुसम्भवम्। ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य शोकं त्वं किमर्थं नावबुध्यसे ॥२-४५-५॥

na vai parīkṣase samyag asahyaṃ śatrusambhavam। jyeṣṭhaputrasya śokaṃ tvaṃ kimarthaṃ nāvabudhyase ॥2-45-5॥

[न (na) - not; वै (vai) - indeed; परीक्षसे (parīkṣase) - you examine; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable; शत्रु (śatru) - enemy; सम्भवम् (sambhavam) - origin; ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य (jyeṣṭhaputrasya) - of the eldest son; शोकम् (śokam) - grief; त्वम् (tvam) - you; किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what reason; न (na) - not; अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand;]

(Not indeed you examine properly the unbearable origin of the enemy. Of the eldest son’s grief, you for what reason do not understand.)

You do not properly examine the unbearable origin of the enemy. Why do you not understand the grief of your eldest son? (2-45-5)

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥

[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra; (name of the king); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]

(Dhṛtarāṣṭra said;)

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said.

दुर्योधन कुतोमूलं भृशमार्तोऽसि पुत्रक। श्रोतव्यश्चेन्मया सोऽर्थो ब्रूहि मे कुरुनन्दन ॥२-४५-६॥

duryodhana kutomūlaṃ bhṛśam ārto'si putraka। śrotavyaś cen mayā so'rtho brūhi me kurunandana ॥2-45-6॥

[दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana; (name of a person); कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where; whence; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; cause; भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly; intensely; आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted; distressed; असि (asi) - you are; पुत्रक (putraka) - O son; dear child; श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - to be heard; to be listened; चेत् (cet) - if; मया (mayā) - by me; सः (saḥ) - that; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; matter; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; speak; मे (me) - to me; कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O delight of the Kurus; (epithet for Duryodhana);]

(Duryodhana, from where (is) the root (cause)? Exceedingly afflicted you are, O son. If that matter is to be heard by me, tell (it) to me, O delight of the Kurus. (2-45-6))

Duryodhana, what is the root cause? You seem deeply troubled, my son. If there is something I should hear, tell me, O joy of the Kurus. (2-45-6)

अयं त्वां शकुनिः प्राह विवर्णं हरिणं कृशम्। चिन्तयंश्च न पश्यामि शोकस्य तव सम्भवम् ॥२-४५-७॥

ayaṃ tvāṃ śakuniḥ prāha vivarṇaṃ hariṇaṃ kṛśam| cintayaṃś ca na paśyāmi śokasya tava sambhavam ॥2-45-7॥

[अयम् (ayam) - this; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - bird; प्राह (prāha) - said; विवर्णम् (vivarṇam) - discolored; हरिणम् (hariṇam) - deer; कृशम् (kṛśam) - emaciated; चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow; तव (tava) - your; सम्भवम् (sambhavam) - origin;]

(This bird said to you, the discolored, emaciated deer; and thinking, I do not see the origin of your sorrow.)

This bird said to you, the pale and emaciated deer: 'Even as I think, I do not see the cause of your sorrow.' (2-45-7)

ऐश्वर्यं हि महत्पुत्र त्वयि सर्वं समर्पितम्। भ्रातरः सुहृदश्चैव नाचरन्ति तवाप्रियम् ॥२-४५-८॥

aiśvaryaṃ hi mahatputra tvayi sarvaṃ samarpitam। bhrātaraḥ suhṛdaścaiva nācaranti tavāpriyam ॥2-45-8॥

[ऐश्वर्यं (aiśvaryam) - sovereignty; हि (hi) - indeed; महत्पुत्र (mahatputra) - O great prince; त्वयि (tvayi) - in you; सर्वं (sarvam) - all; समर्पितम् (samarpitam) - is entrusted; भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; आचरन्ति (ācaranti) - do act; तव (tava) - your; अप्रियं (apriyam) - displeasing;]

(Sovereignty indeed, O great prince, in you all is entrusted; brothers and friends indeed do not act (in a way) displeasing to you.)

O great prince, all sovereignty is indeed entrusted to you; your brothers and friends do not do anything that would displease you. (2-45-8)

आच्छादयसि प्रावारानश्नासि पिशितौदनम्। आजानेया वहन्ति त्वां केनासि हरिणः कृशः ॥२-४५-९॥

ācchādayasi prāvārānaśnāsi piśitaudanam। ājāneyā vahanti tvāṃ kenāsi hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ ॥2-45-9॥

[आच्छादयसि (ācchādayasi) - you cover; (from ā + chad, to cover) प्रावारान् (prāvārān) - garments; (clothes, coverings; acc. pl.) अश्नासि (aśnāsi) - you eat; (from aś, to eat) पिशितौदनम् (piśitaudanam) - meat and rice; (piśita: meat; audana: rice) आजानेयाः (ājāneyāḥ) - thoroughbred horses; (descended from Aja, noble breed; nom. pl.) वहन्ति (vahanti) - carry; (they carry, from vah, to carry) त्वाम् (tvām) - you; (accusative singular) केन (kena) - by what; (instrumental singular of 'kim', what) असि (asi) - are; (you are, from as, to be) हरिणः (hariṇaḥ) - having a tawny (yellowish) color; (or, deer-like; nominative singular masculine) कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin; (emaciated, lean; nominative singular masculine);]

(You cover (yourself) with garments, you eat meat and rice. Thoroughbred horses carry you. By what are you thin, O tawny one? (2-45-9))

You wear garments, eat meat and rice, and thoroughbred horses carry you. Why then are you thin, O tawny one? (2-45-9)

शयनानि महार्हाणि योषितश्च मनोरमाः। गुणवन्ति च वेश्मानि विहाराश्च यथासुखम् ॥२-४५-१०॥

śayanāni mahārhāṇi yoṣitaś ca manoramāḥ। guṇavanti ca veśmāni vihārāś ca yathāsukham ॥2-45-10॥

[शयनानि (śayanāni) - beds; (plural); महार्हाणि (mahārhāṇi) - very costly; (plural); योषितः (yoṣitaḥ) - women; (plural); च (ca) - and; मनोरमाः (manoramāḥ) - charming; (plural); गुणवन्ति (guṇavanti) - endowed with qualities; (plural); च (ca) - and; वेश्मानि (veśmāni) - mansions; (plural); विहाराः (vihārāḥ) - pleasure-grounds; (plural); च (ca) - and; यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - according to comfort;]

(Beds very costly, women and charming, endowed with qualities and mansions, pleasure-grounds and according to comfort.)

There were very costly beds, charming women, mansions endowed with qualities, and pleasure-grounds, all arranged for comfort. (2-45-10)

देवानामिव ते सर्वं वाचि बद्धं न संशयः। स दीन इव दुर्धर्षः कस्माच्छोचसि पुत्रक ॥२-४५-११॥

devānām iva te sarvaṃ vāci baddhaṃ na saṃśayaḥ। sa dīna iva durdharṣaḥ kasmāc chocasi putraka ॥2-45-11॥

[देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; इव (iva) - like; ते (te) - your; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; वाचि (vāci) - in speech; बद्धम् (baddham) - bound; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; सः (saḥ) - he; दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable; इव (iva) - like; दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - difficult to overcome; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; शोचसि (śocasi) - do you grieve; पुत्रक (putraka) - O son;]

(Of the gods like your all in speech bound not doubt; he miserable like difficult to overcome why do you grieve O son;)

All your words are as if bound in speech like those of the gods, without doubt. He, though appearing miserable, is difficult to overcome. Why do you grieve, O son? (2-45-11)

दुर्योधन उवाच॥

duryodhana uvāca॥

[दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]

(Duryodhana said;)

Duryodhana said.

अश्नाम्याच्छादये चाहं यथा कुपुरुषस्तथा। अमर्षं धारये चोग्रं तितिक्षन्कालपर्ययम् ॥२-४५-१२॥

aśnāmyācchādaye cāhaṃ yathā kupuruṣastathā| amarṣaṃ dhārye cograṃ titikṣan kālaparyayam ॥2-45-12॥

[अश्नामि (aśnāmi) - I eat; (from root aś, to eat; first person singular; आच्छादये (ācchādaye) - I cover; (from root chad, with prefix ā, to cover; first person singular; च (ca) - and; अहम् (aham) - I; यथा (yathā) - just as; कुपुरुषः (kupuruṣaḥ) - a wicked man; तथा (tathā) - so; in that way; अमर्षम् (amarṣam) - anger; (from root mṛṣ, with prefix a, non-endurance, anger; धारये (dhārye) - I bear; (from root dhṛ, to bear, hold; first person singular; च (ca) - and; उग्रं (ugram) - fierce; intense; तितिक्षन् (titikṣan) - enduring; (from root titikṣ, to endure; कालपर्ययम् (kālaparyayam) - for a period of time; (kāla = time, paryaya = period, cycle;]

(I eat and I cover (myself), just as a wicked man does so; I bear anger, fierce, enduring for a period of time.)

I eat and clothe myself just like a wicked man; I bear fierce anger, enduring it for a period of time. (2-45-12)

अमर्षणः स्वाः प्रकृतीरभिभूय परे स्थिताः। क्लेशान्मुमुक्षुः परजान्स वै पुरुष उच्यते ॥२-४५-१३॥

amarṣaṇaḥ svāḥ prakṛtīr abhibhūya pare sthitāḥ। kleśān mumukṣuḥ parajāns vai puruṣa ucyate ॥2-45-13॥

[अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - not-envious; स्वाः (svāḥ) - one's own; प्रकृतीः (prakṛtīḥ) - natures; अभिभूय (abhibhūya) - having overcome; परे (pare) - others; स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - remaining; क्लेशान् (kleśān) - afflictions; मुमुक्षुः (mumukṣuḥ) - desirous of liberation; परजान् (parajān) - other beings; सः (saḥ) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]

(Not-envious, having overcome one's own natures, remaining among others, desirous of liberation from afflictions, he indeed is called a person who regards other beings thus.)

He who is not envious, who has overcome his own natures, who remains among others, who desires liberation from afflictions, he indeed is called a person who regards other beings thus. (2-45-13)

सन्तोषो वै श्रियं हन्ति अभिमानश्च भारत। अनुक्रोशभये चोभे यैर्वृतो नाश्नुते महत् ॥२-४५-१४॥

santoṣo vai śriyaṃ hanti abhimānaś ca bhārata। anukrośa-bhaye ca ubhe yair vṛto nāśnute mahat ॥2-45-14॥

[सन्तोषः (santoṣaḥ) - contentment; वै (vai) - indeed; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; अभिमानः (abhimānaḥ) - pride; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; अनुक्रोश (anukrośa) - compassion; भये (bhaye) - fear; च (ca) - and; उभे (ubhe) - both; यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom; वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - endowed; न (na) - not; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains; महत् (mahat) - greatness;]

(Contentment indeed destroys prosperity; pride, O Bhārata, and compassion and fear, both, by whom one is endowed, does not attain greatness.)

Contentment truly destroys prosperity; pride, O Bhārata, and both compassion and fear—one who is possessed by these does not attain greatness. (2-45-14)

न मामवति तद्भुक्तं श्रियं दृष्ट्वा युधिष्ठिरे। ज्वलन्तीमिव कौन्तेये विवर्णकरणीं मम ॥२-४५-१५॥

na mām avati tadbhuktaṃ śriyaṃ dṛṣṭvā yudhiṣṭhire। jvalantīm iva kaunteye vivarṇakaraṇīṃ mama ॥2-45-15॥

[न (na) - not; माम् (mām) - me; अवति (avati) - protects; तत् (tat) - that; भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - enjoyed; श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhiṣṭhira; ज्वलन्तीम् (jvalantīm) - blazing; इव (iva) - like; कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in the son of Kunti; विवर्णकरणीम् (vivarṇakaraṇīm) - causing pallor; मम (mama) - my;]

(Not me protects that enjoyed prosperity having seen in Yudhiṣṭhira, blazing like in the son of Kunti, causing pallor my.)

That prosperity which I have enjoyed does not protect me, having seen blazing in Yudhiṣṭhira, like a fire in the son of Kunti, causing pallor in me. (2-45-15)

सपत्नानृध्यतोऽऽत्मानं हीयमानं निशाम्य च। अदृश्यामपि कौन्तेये स्थितां पश्यन्निवोद्यताम् ॥ तस्मादहं विवर्णश्च दीनश्च हरिणः कृशः ॥२-४५-१६॥

sapatnānṛdhyato''tmānaṃ hīyamānaṃ niśāmya ca। adṛśyāmapi kaunteye sthitāṃ paśyannivodyatām ॥ tasmādahaṃ vivarṇaśca dīnaśca hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ ॥2-45-16॥

[सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rival; enemies; ऋध्यतः (ṛdhyataḥ) - prospering; growing; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self; myself; हीयमानम् (hīyamānam) - being diminished; declining; निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed; having noticed; च (ca) - and; अदृश्याम् (adṛśyām) - unseen; invisible; अपि (api) - even; also; कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in the son of Kunti; in Kunti's son; स्थिताम् (sthitām) - standing; remaining; पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing; beholding; इव (iva) - as if; like; उद्यताम् (udyatām) - raised; ready; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; hence; अहम् (aham) - I; विवर्णः (vivarṇaḥ) - pale; discolored; च (ca) - and; दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected; miserable; च (ca) - and; हरिणः (hariṇaḥ) - deer; like a deer; कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated; thin;]

(Having observed myself being diminished while my rivals prosper, and also seeing, as if, the unseen one standing ready in Kunti's son, therefore I am pale, dejected, and emaciated like a deer.)

Seeing myself declining while my enemies prosper, and perceiving, as if, the unseen force standing ready within Kunti's son, therefore I am pale, miserable, and thin like a deer. (2-45-16)

अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि स्नातका गृहमेधिनः। त्रिंशद्दासीक एकैको यान्बिभर्ति युधिष्ठिरः ॥२-४५-१७॥

aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi snātakā gṛhamedhinaḥ। triṃśaddāsīka ekaiko yānbibharti yudhiṣṭhiraḥ॥2-45-17॥

[अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि (aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi) - eighty-eight thousand; स्नातकाः (snātakāḥ) - graduates (of sacred study); गृहमेधिनः (gṛhamedhinaḥ) - householders; त्रिंशत् (triṃśat) - thirty; दासीकः (dāsīkaḥ) - servants; एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - each one; यान् (yān) - whom; बिभर्ति (bibharti) - supports; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira;]

(Eighty-eight thousand graduates (of sacred study), householders, each one (having) thirty servants, whom Yudhishthira supports.)

Yudhishthira supports eighty-eight thousand householders who are graduates of sacred study, each of whom has thirty servants. (2-45-17)

दशान्यानि सहस्राणि नित्यं तत्रान्नमुत्तमम्। भुञ्जते रुक्मपात्रीभिर्युधिष्ठिरनिवेशने ॥२-४५-१८॥

daśānyāni sahasrāṇi nityaṃ tatrānnamuttamam। bhuñjate rukmapātrībhiryudhiṣṭhiraniveśane ॥2-45-18॥

[दश (daśa) - ten; अन्यानि (anyāni) - other; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; तत्र (tatra) - there; अन्नम् (annam) - food; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent; भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - enjoy; रुक्मपात्रीभिः (rukmapātrībhiḥ) - with golden vessels; युधिष्ठिरनिवेशने (yudhiṣṭhiraniveśane) - in the abode of Yudhishthira;]

(Ten other thousands always there excellent food enjoy with golden vessels in the abode of Yudhishthira.)

Every day, ten thousand others enjoy excellent food served in golden vessels in the abode of Yudhishthira. (2-45-18)

कदलीमृगमोकानि कृष्णश्यामारुणानि च। काम्बोजः प्राहिणोत्तस्मै परार्ध्यानपि कम्बलान् ॥२-४५-१९॥

kadalī-mṛga-mokāni kṛṣṇa-śyāma-aruṇāni ca। kāmbojaḥ prāhiṇot tasmai parārdhyān api kambalān ॥2-45-19॥

[कदली (kadalī) - banana plant; मृग (mṛga) - deer; मोकानि (mokāni) - skins; कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - black; श्याम (śyāma) - dark; अरुणानि (aruṇāni) - reddish; च (ca) - and; काम्बोजः (kāmbojaḥ) - the Kamboja (king); प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - sent; तस्मै (tasmai) - to him; परार्ध्यान् (parārdhyān) - very precious; अपि (api) - also; कम्बलान् (kambalān) - blankets;]

(Banana plant, deer skins, black, dark, reddish, and; the Kamboja (king) sent to him very precious also blankets.)

The king of Kamboja sent him very precious blankets made of banana plant and deer skins, which were black, dark, and reddish in color. (2-45-19)

रथयोषिद्गवाश्वस्य शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः। त्रिंशतं चोष्ट्रवामीनां शतानि विचरन्त्युत ॥२-४५-२०॥

rathayoṣidgavāśvasya śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ। triṃśataṃ coṣṭravāmīnāṃ śatāni vicarantyuta ॥2-45-20॥

[रथ (ratha) - chariot; योषित् (yoṣit) - woman; गव (gava) - cow; अश्वस्य (aśvasya) - of horse; शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds; अथ (atha) - and; सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands; त्रिंशतं (triṃśataṃ) - thirty; च (ca) - and; उष्ट्र (uṣṭra) - camel; वामीना (vāmīnāṃ) - of she-camels; शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds; विचरन्ति (vicaranti) - move about; उत (uta) - indeed;]

(Chariots, women, cows, and horses by hundreds and also by thousands; thirty and hundreds of she-camels move about indeed.)

There are hundreds and thousands of chariots, women, cows, and horses; and thirty hundreds of she-camels also roam about here. (2-45-20)

पृथग्विधानि रत्नानि पार्थिवाः पृथिवीपते। आहरन्क्रतुमुख्येऽस्मिन्कुन्तीपुत्राय भूरिशः ॥२-४५-२१॥

pṛthagvidhāni ratnāni pārthivāḥ pṛthivīpate। āharan kratumukhye'smin kuntīputrāya bhūriśaḥ ॥2-45-21॥

[पृथक्-विधानि (pṛthag-vidhāni) - of various kinds; रत्नानि (ratnāni) - gems; पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings; पृथिवी-पते (pṛthivī-pate) - O lord of the earth; आहरन् (āharan) - brought; क्रतु-मुख्ये (kratu-mukhye) - in the chief sacrifice; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; कुन्ती-पुत्राय (kuntī-putrāya) - to the son of Kuntī; भूरिशः (bhūriśaḥ) - in abundance;]

(Of various kinds gems kings O lord of the earth brought in the chief sacrifice in this to the son of Kuntī in abundance.)

O lord of the earth, the kings brought various kinds of gems in abundance to the son of Kuntī at this chief sacrifice. (2-45-21)

न क्वचिद्धि मया दृष्टस्तादृशो नैव च श्रुतः। यादृग्धनागमो यज्ञे पाण्डुपुत्रस्य धीमतः ॥२-४५-२२॥

na kvacid dhi mayā dṛṣṭas tādṛśo naiva ca śrutaḥ। yādṛg dhanāgamo yajñe pāṇḍuputrasya dhīmataḥ॥2-45-22॥

[न (na) - not; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; हि (hi) - indeed; मया (mayā) - by me; दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen; तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard; यादृक् (yādṛk) - such as; धनागमः (dhanāgamaḥ) - acquisition of wealth; यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice; पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of the son of Pāṇḍu; धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - wise;]

(Not anywhere indeed by me seen such, nor indeed and heard; such acquisition of wealth in the sacrifice of the wise son of Pāṇḍu.)

Nowhere have I seen or heard of such an acquisition of wealth in a sacrifice as that of the wise son of Pāṇḍu. (2-45-22)

अपर्यन्तं धनौघं तं दृष्ट्वा शत्रोरहं नृप। शर्म नैवाधिगच्छामि चिन्तयानोऽनिशं विभो ॥२-४५-२३॥

aparyantaṃ dhanaughaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā śatrorahaṃ nṛpa। śarma naivādhigacchāmi cintayāno'niśaṃ vibho ॥2-45-23॥

[अपर्यन्तं (aparyantam) - endless; not having a limit; धनौघं (dhanaugham) - flood of wealth; mass of riches; तं (tam) - that; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of the enemy; अहम् (aham) - I; नृप (nṛpa) - O king; शर्म (śarma) - happiness; peace; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अधिगच्छामि (adhigacchāmi) - attain; reach; चिन्तयानः (cintayānaḥ) - thinking; reflecting; अनिशम् (aniśam) - constantly; always; विभो (vibho) - O lord;]

(Having seen that endless flood of wealth of the enemy, O king, I indeed do not attain happiness, constantly thinking, O lord.)

O king, having seen that endless mass of wealth belonging to the enemy, I find no happiness at all, constantly reflecting on it, O lord. (2-45-23)

ब्राह्मणा वाटधानाश्च गोमन्तः शतसङ्घशः। त्रैखर्वं बलिमादाय द्वारि तिष्ठन्ति वारिताः ॥२-४५-२४॥

brāhmaṇā vāṭadhānāś ca gomantaḥ śatasaṅghaśaḥ। traikharvaṃ balim ādāya dvāri tiṣṭhanti vāritāḥ॥2-45-24॥

[ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins; वाटधानाः (vāṭadhānāḥ) - garden-keepers; च (ca) - and; गोमन्तः (gomantaḥ) - Gomanta (name); शतसङ्घशः (śatasaṅghaśaḥ) - in hundreds of groups; त्रैखर्वम् (traikharvam) - three kharvas (a measure); बलिम् (balim) - offering; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; द्वारि (dvāri) - at the gate; तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - stand; वारिताः (vāritāḥ) - restrained;]

(Brahmins, garden-keepers, and Gomanta, in hundreds of groups, having taken an offering of three kharvas, stand at the gate, restrained.)

Brahmins, garden-keepers, and Gomanta, in groups of hundreds, having brought an offering of three kharvas, stand restrained at the gate. (2-45-24)

कमण्डलूनुपादाय जातरूपमयाञ्शुभान्। एवं बलिं समादाय प्रवेशं लेभिरे ततः ॥२-४५-२५॥

kamaṇḍalūn upādāya jātarūpamayāñ śubhān। evaṃ baliṃ samādāya praveśaṃ lebhire tataḥ ॥2-45-25॥

[कमण्डलून् (kamaṇḍalūn) - water pots; उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken; जातरूपमयान् (jātarūpamayān) - made of gold; शुभान् (śubhān) - auspicious; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; बलिम् (balim) - offering; समादाय (samādāya) - having collected; प्रवेशम् (praveśam) - entrance; लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained; ततः (tataḥ) - then;]

(Having taken auspicious water pots made of gold, thus having collected the offering, then they obtained entrance.)

They took auspicious golden water pots, collected the offering, and then gained entrance. (2-45-25)

यन्नैव मधु शक्राय धारयन्त्यमरस्त्रियः। तदस्मै कांस्यमाहार्षीद्वारुणं कलशोदधिः ॥२-४५-२६॥

yannaiva madhu śakrāya dhārayantyamara-striyaḥ। tadasmai kāṁsyamāhārṣīdvāruṇaṁ kalaśodadhiḥ ॥2-45-26॥

[यत् (yat) - which; नैव (na eva) - not indeed; मधु (madhu) - honey; शक्राय (śakrāya) - to Śakra (Indra); धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they offer; अमरस्त्रियः (amara-striyaḥ) - immortal women; तत् (tat) - that; अस्मै (asmai) - to him; कांस्यम् (kāṁsyam) - bronze vessel; आहार्षीत् (āhārṣīt) - gave; वारुणम् (vāruṇam) - Varuṇa's; कलशः (kalaśaḥ) - pitcher; उदधिः (udadhiḥ) - the ocean;]

(Which indeed the immortal women do not offer honey to Śakra, that (honey) the ocean gave to him in a bronze vessel, the pitcher of Varuṇa.)

The honey that the immortal women do not offer to Śakra, the ocean gave to him in a bronze vessel, the pitcher of Varuṇa. (2-45-26)

शैक्यं रुक्मसहस्रस्य बहुरत्नविभूषितम्। दृष्ट्वा च मम तत्सर्वं ज्वररूपमिवाभवत् ॥२-४५-२७॥

śaikyaṃ rukmasahasrasya bahuratnavibhūṣitam। dṛṣṭvā ca mama tatsarvaṃ jvararūpamivābhavat ॥2-45-27॥

[शैक्यं (śaikyam) - made of iron; रुक्मसहस्रस्य (rukmasahasrasya) - of a thousand gold pieces; बहु (bahu) - many; रत्न (ratna) - gems; विभूषितम् (vibhūṣitam) - adorned; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; च (ca) - and; मम (mama) - my; तत् (tat) - that; सर्वं (sarvam) - all; ज्वररूपम् (jvararūpam) - of the form of fever; इव (iva) - like; अभवत् (abhavat) - became;]

(The iron (chariot) worth a thousand gold pieces, adorned with many gems, having seen all that of mine, became like the form of fever.)

Seeing my iron chariot, worth a thousand gold pieces and adorned with many gems, all of it seemed to me as if it had become like a fever. (2-45-27)

गृहीत्वा तत्तु गच्छन्ति समुद्रौ पूर्वदक्षिणौ। तथैव पश्चिमं यान्ति गृहीत्वा भरतर्षभ ॥२-४५-२८॥

gṛhītvā tattu gacchanti samudrau pūrvadakṣiṇau। tathaiva paścimaṃ yānti gṛhītvā bharatarṣabha ॥2-45-28॥

[गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken; तत् (tat) - that; तु (tu) - but; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; समुद्रौ (samudrau) - the two oceans; पूर्वदक्षिणौ (pūrvadakṣiṇau) - eastern and southern; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; पश्चिमम् (paścimam) - western; यान्ति (yānti) - go; गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas;]

(Having taken that, they go to the eastern and southern oceans; in the same way, they go to the western (ocean), having taken (it), O bull among the Bharatas.)

O best of the Bharatas, having taken that, they proceed to the eastern and southern oceans; likewise, having taken it, they go to the western ocean. (2-45-28)

उत्तरं तु न गच्छन्ति विना तात पतत्रिभिः। इदं चाद्भुतमत्रासीत्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥२-४५-२९॥

uttaraṃ tu na gacchanti vinā tāta patatribhiḥ। idaṃ cādbhutam atrāsīt tan me nigadataḥ śṛṇu ॥2-45-29॥

[उत्तरम् (uttaram) - north; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; विना (vinā) - without; तात (tāta) - dear one; पतत्रिभिः (patatribhiḥ) - by birds; इदं (idaṃ) - this; च (ca) - and; अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful; अत्र (atra) - here; आसीत् (āsīt) - was; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - speaking; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]

(But (they) do not go north without birds, dear one. And this wonderful (thing) happened here; that, as I speak, listen to me.)

But, dear one, they do not go north without birds. And here, a wonderful thing happened; listen to me as I tell you about it. (2-45-29)

पूर्णे शतसहस्रे तु विप्राणां परिविष्यताम्। स्थापिता तत्र सञ्ज्ञाभूच्छङ्खो ध्मायति नित्यशः ॥२-४५-३०॥

pūrṇe śatasahasre tu viprāṇāṃ pariviṣyatām। sthāpitā tatra sañjñābhūcchaṅkho dhmāyati nityaśaḥ ॥2-45-30॥

[पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when completed; (in the sense of being full or finished); शतसहस्रे (śatasahasre) - one hundred thousand; (śata = hundred, sahasra = thousand); तु (tu) - but; विप्राणां (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; (vipra = Brāhmaṇa); परिविष्यताम् (pariviṣyatām) - when the serving is done; (pariviṣ = to serve food, yatām = when it is done); स्थापिता (sthāpitā) - established; (sthā = to place, pitā = past participle); तत्र (tatra) - there; सञ्ज्ञा (sañjñā) - signal; (saṃ + jñā = to mark, to signal); अभूत् (abhūt) - became; (a-bhū = to become, past tense); शङ्खः (śaṅkhaḥ) - conch; ध्मायति (dhmāyati) - is blown; (dhmā = to blow); नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - always; (nitya = always, śaḥ = in the manner of);]

(When one hundred thousand (meals) have been completed and the Brāhmaṇas have been served, there, the established signal became the conch, which is always blown.)

When one hundred thousand meals were completed and the Brāhmaṇas had been served, a conch was established there as a signal, and it is always blown. (2-45-30)

महुर्मुहुः प्रणदतस्तस्य शङ्खस्य भारत। उत्तमं शब्दमश्रौषं ततो रोमाणि मेऽहृषन् ॥२-४५-३१॥

muhurmuhuḥ praṇadatastasya śaṅkhasya bhārata। uttamaṃ śabdam aśrauṣaṃ tato romāṇi me' hṛṣan ॥2-45-31॥

[महुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - again and again; प्रणदतः (praṇadataḥ) - sounding loudly; तस्य (tasya) - of that; शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - of the conch; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; उत्तमं (uttamam) - excellent; शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound; अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard; ततः (tataḥ) - then; रोमाणि (romāṇi) - hairs (of the body); मे (me) - my; अहृषन् (a hṛṣan) - stood on end;]

(Again and again, as that conch was sounding loudly, O Bhārata, I heard the excellent sound; then the hairs of my body stood on end.)

O Bhārata, as that conch sounded again and again, I heard its excellent sound, and then the hairs on my body stood on end. (2-45-31)

पार्थिवैर्बहुभिः कीर्णमुपस्थानं दिदृक्षुभिः। सर्वरत्नान्युपादाय पार्थिवा वै जनेश्वर ॥२-४५-३२॥

pārthivair bahubhiḥ kīrṇam upasthānaṃ didṛkṣubhiḥ। sarva-ratnāni upādāya pārthivā vai janeśvara ॥2-45-32॥

[पार्थिवैः (pārthivaiḥ) - by kings; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many; कीर्णम् (kīrṇam) - strewn; उपस्थानम् (upasthānam) - assembly; दिदृक्षुभिः (didṛkṣubhiḥ) - by those desiring to see; सर्वरत्नानि (sarva-ratnāni) - all jewels; उपादाय (upādāya) - having brought; पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings; वै (vai) - indeed; जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men;]

(The assembly, strewn by many kings desiring to see, having brought all jewels, indeed the kings, O lord of men.)

O lord of men, the assembly was filled with many kings who had come, desiring to see, bringing all kinds of jewels. (2-45-32)

यज्ञे तस्य महाराज पाण्डुपुत्रस्य धीमतः। वैश्या इव महीपाला द्विजातिपरिवेषकाः ॥२-४५-३३॥

yajñe tasya mahārāja pāṇḍuputrasya dhīmataḥ। vaiśyā iva mahīpālā dvijātapariveṣakāḥ ॥2-45-33॥

[यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice; तस्य (tasya) - of him; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of the son of Pāṇḍu; धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - wise; वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas; इव (iva) - like; महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - kings; द्विजातिपरिवेषकाः (dvijātapariveṣakāḥ) - servers of the twice-born;]

(In the sacrifice of him, O great king, of the wise son of Pāṇḍu, the kings served the twice-born like Vaiśyas.)

O great king, at the sacrifice of the wise son of Pāṇḍu, the kings served the twice-born like Vaiśyas. (2-45-33)

न सा श्रीर्देवराजस्य यमस्य वरुणस्य वा। गुह्यकाधिपतेर्वापि या श्री राजन्युधिष्ठिरे ॥२-४५-३४॥

na sā śrīr devarājasya yamasya varuṇasya vā। guhyakādhipater vāpi yā śrī rājan yudhiṣṭhire ॥2-45-34॥

[न (na) - not; सा (sā) - that; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; देवराजस्य (devarājasya) - of the king of gods; यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama; वरुणस्य (varuṇasya) - of Varuṇa; वा (vā) - or; गुह्यकाधिपतेः (guhyakādhipateḥ) - of the lord of the Guhyakas; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; या (yā) - which; श्रीः (śrīḥ) - prosperity; राजन् (rājan) - O king; युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhiṣṭhira; ॥२-४५-३४॥ (॥2-45-34॥) -;]

(Not that prosperity of the king of gods, of Yama, of Varuṇa, or of the lord of the Guhyakas, or even that prosperity, O king, (is equal to) which is in Yudhiṣṭhira.)

O king, the prosperity found in Yudhiṣṭhira is not that which belongs to the king of gods, Yama, Varuṇa, or even the lord of the Guhyakas. (2-45-34)

तां दृष्ट्वा पाण्डुपुत्रस्य श्रियं परमिकामहम्। शान्तिं न परिगच्छामि दह्यमानेन चेतसा ॥२-४५-३५॥

tāṃ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍuputrasya śriyaṃ paramikāmaham। śāntiṃ na parigacchāmi dahyamānena cetasā ॥2-45-35॥

[ताम् (tām) - her; (accusative singular of sā – she) दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; (absolutive of dṛś – to see) पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of the son of Pāṇḍu; (genitive singular) श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; (accusative singular) परमिकाम् (paramikām) - supreme; (accusative singular, feminine) अहम् (aham) - I; (nominative singular) शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace; (accusative singular) न (na) - not; परिगच्छामि (parigacchāmi) - attain; (1st person singular, present) दह्यमानेन (dahyamānena) - burning; (instrumental singular, present participle of dah – to burn) चेतसा (cetasā) - with mind; (instrumental singular);]

(Having seen her, the supreme prosperity of the son of Pāṇḍu, I do not attain peace with a mind burning.)

Seeing the supreme prosperity of the son of Pandu, I cannot find peace, my mind burning with anguish. (2-45-35)

शकुनिरुवाच॥

śakuniruvāca॥

[शकुनि (śakuni) - Shakuni; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]

(Shakuni said;)

Shakuni said.

यामेतामुत्तमां लक्ष्मीं दृष्टवानसि पाण्डवे। तस्याः प्राप्तावुपायं मे शृणु सत्यपराक्रम ॥२-४५-३६॥

yāmetāmuttamāṃ lakṣmīṃ dṛṣṭavānasi pāṇḍave| tasyāḥ prāptāvupāyaṃ me śṛṇu satyaparākrama ॥2-45-36॥

[याम् (yām) - whom; (accusative singular feminine of yā – who;) एताम् (etām) - this; (accusative singular feminine of etad – this;) उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - excellent; (accusative singular feminine of uttama – highest;) लक्ष्मीम् (lakṣmīm) - fortune; (accusative singular feminine of lakṣmī – prosperity;) दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - have seen; (perfect active participle masculine singular of dṛś – to see;) असि (asi) - you are; (second person singular present of as – to be;) पाण्डवे (pāṇḍave) - O son of Pāṇḍu; (vocative singular masculine of pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu;) तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her; (genitive singular feminine of sā – she;) प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - for attainment; (locative singular of prāpti – attainment;) उपायम् (upāyam) - means; (accusative singular masculine of upāya – method;) मे (me) - my; (genitive singular of mad – I;) शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; (imperative second person singular of śru – to hear;) सत्यपराक्रम (satyaparākrama) - O truly valiant one; (vocative singular masculine compound: satya – truth, parākrama – valor;]

(O son of Pāṇḍu, whom you have seen, this excellent fortune, for the attainment of her, my means, hear, O truly valiant one.)

O truly valiant Pāṇḍava, listen to my method for attaining this excellent fortune whom you have seen. (2-45-36)

अहमक्षेष्वभिज्ञातः पृथिव्यामपि भारत। हृदयज्ञः पणज्ञश्च विशेषज्ञश्च देवने ॥२-४५-३७॥

aham akṣeṣu abhijñātaḥ pṛthivyām api bhārata। hṛdayajñaḥ paṇajñaś ca viśeṣajñaś ca devane ॥2-45-37॥

[अहम् (aham) - I; अक्षेषु (akṣeṣu) - among dice; अभिज्ञातः (abhijñātaḥ) - well-known; पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth; अपि (api) - also; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; हृदयज्ञः (hṛdayajñaḥ) - knower of hearts; पणज्ञः (paṇajñaḥ) - knower of stakes; च (ca) - and; विशेषज्ञः (viśeṣajñaḥ) - knower of distinctions; च (ca) - and; देवने (devane) - in gambling;]

(I among dice am well-known, on earth also, O Bhārata; knower of hearts, knower of stakes, and knower of distinctions in gambling.)

O Bhārata, I am well-known among dice on earth; in gambling, I am the knower of hearts, stakes, and distinctions. (2-45-37)

द्यूतप्रियश्च कौन्तेयो न च जानाति देवितुम्। आहूतश्चैष्यति व्यक्तं दीव्यावेत्याह्वयस्व तम् ॥२-४५-३८॥

dyūtapriyaś ca kaunteyo na ca jānāti devitum। āhūtaś caiṣyati vyaktaṃ dīvyāvet yāhvayasva tam ॥2-45-38॥

[द्यूतप्रियः (dyūtapriyaḥ) - fond of gambling; च (ca) - and; कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - son of Kunti; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; जानाति (jānāti) - knows; देवितुम् (devitum) - to play (at dice); आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - having been invited; च (ca) - and; एष्यति (eṣyati) - he will come; व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - certainly; दीव्य (dīvyā) - play (at dice); अवेत् (avet) - let him know; आह्वयस्व (āhvayasva) - invite; तम् (tam) - him;]

(Fond of gambling and the son of Kunti does not know to play (at dice); having been invited, he will certainly come; let him know to play (at dice), invite him.)

The son of Kunti is fond of gambling but does not know how to play; if invited, he will certainly come. Let him know to play and invite him. (2-45-38)

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

एवमुक्तः शकुनिना राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा। धृतराष्ट्रमिदं वाक्यमपदान्तरमब्रवीत् ॥२-४५-३९॥

evam-uktaḥ śakuninā rājā duryodhanas-tadā। dhṛtarāṣṭram-idaṃ vākyam-apadāntaram-abravīt ॥2-45-39॥

[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; शकुनिना (śakuninā) - by Śakuni; राजा (rājā) - king; दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; तदा (tadā) - then; धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - to Dhṛtarāṣṭra; इदं (idaṃ) - this; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech; अपद-अन्तरम् (apada-antaram) - without interval; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said;]

(Thus spoken by Śakuni, King Duryodhana then to Dhṛtarāṣṭra this speech without interval said.)

When Śakuni had spoken thus, King Duryodhana immediately addressed these words to Dhṛtarāṣṭra without pause. (2-45-39)

अयमुत्सहते राजञ्श्रियमाहर्तुमक्षवित्। द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रस्य तदनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥२-४५-४०॥

ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum akṣavit। dyūtena pāṇḍuputrasya tad anujñātum arhasi ॥2-45-40॥

[अयम् (ayam) - this; उत्सहते (utsahate) - is able; राजन् (rājan) - O king; श्रियाम् (śriyam) - prosperity; आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to take away; अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - the master of dice; द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling; पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of the son of Pāṇḍu; तत् (tat) - that; अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit; अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought;]

(This is able, O king, to take away prosperity, the master of dice, by gambling, of the son of Pāṇḍu; that to permit you ought.)

O king, this master of dice is able to take away the prosperity of the son of Pāṇḍu by gambling; you ought to permit that. (2-45-40)

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥

[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra; (name of the king; literally: 'one whose empire is firm') उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]

(Dhṛtarāṣṭra said;)

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said.

क्षत्ता मन्त्री महाप्राज्ञः स्थितो यस्यास्मि शासने। तेन सङ्गम्य वेत्स्यामि कार्यस्यास्य विनिश्चयम् ॥२-४५-४१॥

kṣattā mantrī mahāprājñaḥ sthito yasyāsmi śāsane। tena saṅgamya vetsyāmi kāryasyāsya viniścayam ॥2-45-41॥

[क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - chamberlain; मन्त्री (mantrī) - minister; महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - very wise; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing; यस्य (yasya) - whose; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; शासने (śāsane) - in the rule; तेन (tena) - with him; सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - having met; वेत्स्यामि (vetsyāmi) - I shall know; कार्यस्य (kāryasya) - of the task; अस्य (asya) - of this; विनिश्चयम् (viniścayam) - decision;]

(Chamberlain, minister, very wise, standing in whose rule I am; with him, having met, I shall know the decision of this task.)

I am the chamberlain, minister, and very wise, standing under his rule; after meeting with him, I will ascertain the decision regarding this task. (2-45-41)

स हि धर्मं पुरस्कृत्य दीर्घदर्शी परं हितम्। उभयोः पक्षयोर्युक्तं वक्ष्यत्यर्थविनिश्चयम् ॥२-४५-४२॥

sa hi dharmaṃ puraskṛtya dīrghadarśī paraṃ hitam। ubhayoḥ pakṣayor yuktaṃ vakṣyaty arthaviniścayam ॥2-45-42॥

[स (sa) - he; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front; दीर्घदर्शी (dīrghadarśī) - one who sees far; foresighted; परं (param) - supreme; हितम् (hitam) - welfare; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both; पक्षयोः (pakṣayoḥ) - of the sides; युक्तं (yuktam) - proper; appropriate; वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - will declare; अर्थविनिश्चयम् (arthaviniścayam) - determination of the matter;]

(He indeed, having placed dharma in front, the farsighted one, (will declare) the supreme welfare, the proper determination of the matter for both sides.)

He, being truly farsighted and upholding dharma, will declare the proper determination of the matter for the supreme welfare of both sides. (2-45-42)

दुर्योधन उवाच॥

duryodhana uvāca॥

[दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]

(Duryodhana said;)

Duryodhana said.

निवर्तयिष्यति त्वासौ यदि क्षत्ता समेष्यति। निवृत्ते त्वयि राजेन्द्र मरिष्येऽहमसंशयम् ॥२-४५-४३॥

nivartayiṣyati tvāsau yadi kṣattā sameṣyati। nivṛtte tvayi rājendra mariṣye'hamasaṃśayam ॥2-45-43॥

[निवर्तयिष्यति (nivartayiṣyati) - will cause to return; त्वा (tvā) - you; असौ (asau) - he; यदि (yadi) - if; क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - the charioteer; समेष्यति (sameṣyati) - will come together; निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when returned; त्वयि (tvayi) - you; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; म्रियष्ये (mariṣye) - I shall die; अहम् (aham) - I; असंशयम् (asaṃśayam) - without doubt;]

(He will cause you to return if the charioteer comes together. When you have returned, O king, I shall die without doubt.)

If the charioteer brings you back, then when you have returned, O king, I shall certainly die. (2-45-43)

स मयि त्वं मृते राजन्विदुरेण सुखी भव। भोक्ष्यसे पृथिवीं कृत्स्नां किं मया त्वं करिष्यसि ॥२-४५-४४॥

sa mayi tvaṃ mṛte rājan vidureṇa sukhī bhava। bhokṣyase pṛthivīṃ kṛtsnāṃ kiṃ mayā tvaṃ kariṣyasi ॥2-45-44॥

[स (sa) - he; that; मयि (mayi) - in me; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; मृते (mṛte) - having died; when dead; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विदुरेण (vidureṇa) - by Vidura; सुखी (sukhī) - happy; भव (bhava) - be; become; भोक्ष्यसे (bhokṣyase) - you will enjoy; पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - the earth; कृत्स्नां (kṛtsnāṃ) - entire; whole; किं (kiṃ) - what; why; मया (mayā) - by me; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; करिष्यसि (kariṣyasi) - will do;]

(He, in me, you, when dead, O king, by Vidura, happy be. You will enjoy the entire earth. What by me you will do?)

O king, when I am dead, be happy with Vidura. You will enjoy the whole earth. What will you do with me? (2-45-44)

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

आर्तवाक्यं तु तत्तस्य प्रणयोक्तं निशम्य सः। धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीत्प्रेष्यान्दुर्योधनमते स्थितः ॥२-४५-४५॥

ārtavākyaṃ tu tat tasya praṇayoktaṃ niśamya saḥ। dhṛtarāṣṭro'bravīt preṣyān duryodhanamate sthitaḥ ॥2-45-45॥

[आर्तवाक्यं (ārtavākyaṃ) - distressed speech; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; तस्य (tasya) - his; प्रणयोक्‍तम् (praṇayoktam) - spoken with affection; निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard; सः (saḥ) - he; धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; प्रेष्यान् (preṣyān) - to the messengers; दुर्योधनमते (duryodhanamate) - in Duryodhana's opinion; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - being situated;]

(But having heard that distressed speech of his, spoken with affection, he, Dhritarashtra, being situated in Duryodhana's opinion, said to the messengers.)

But when he heard that distressed and affectionate speech, Dhritarashtra, who was aligned with Duryodhana's views, spoke to the messengers. (2-45-45)

स्थूणासहस्रैर्बृहतीं शतद्वारां सभां मम। मनोरमां दर्शनीयामाशु कुर्वन्तु शिल्पिनः ॥२-४५-४६॥

sthūṇāsahasrair bṛhatīṃ śatadvārāṃ sabhāṃ mama। manoramāṃ darśanīyām āśu kurvantu śilpinaḥ ॥2-45-46॥

[स्थूण (sthūṇa) - pillar; सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - with thousands; बृहतीम् (bṛhatīm) - great; शतद्वाराम् (śatadvārām) - with a hundred doors; सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly hall; मम (mama) - my; मनोरमाम् (manoramām) - pleasing; दर्शनीयाम् (darśanīyām) - beautiful to behold; आशु (āśu) - quickly; कुर्वन्तु (kurvantu) - let them make; शिल्पिनः (śilpinaḥ) - artisans;]

(Let the artisans quickly make my assembly hall, great with thousands of pillars, with a hundred doors, pleasing, beautiful to behold.)

Let the artisans quickly construct my great assembly hall, adorned with a thousand pillars and a hundred doors, delightful and beautiful to behold. (2-45-46)

ततः संस्तीर्य रत्नैस्तामक्षानावाप्य सर्वशः। सुकृतां सुप्रवेशां च निवेदयत मे शनैः ॥२-४५-४७॥

tataḥ saṃstīrya ratnaistām akṣān āvāpya sarvaśaḥ। sukṛtāṃ supraveśāṃ ca nivedayata me śanaiḥ ॥2-45-47॥

[ततः (tataḥ) - then; संस्तीर्य (saṃstīrya) - having spread; रत्नैः (ratnaiḥ) - with jewels; ताम् (tām) - her; अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice; आवाप्य (āvāpya) - having placed; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely; सुकृताम् (sukṛtām) - well-made; सुप्रवेशाम् (supraveśām) - easy to enter; च (ca) - and; निवेदयत् (nivedayat) - he informed; मे (me) - to me; शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gently;]

(Then, having spread with jewels, having placed the dice completely, the well-made and easy-to-enter (place), he informed me gently.)

Then, after spreading jewels and arranging the dice completely, he gently informed me about the well-made and easily accessible place. (2-45-47)

दुर्योधनस्य शान्त्यर्थमिति निश्चित्य भूमिपः। धृतराष्ट्रो महाराज प्राहिणोद्विदुराय वै ॥२-४५-४८॥

duryodhanasya śānty-artham iti niścitya bhūmipaḥ। dhṛtarāṣṭro mahārāja prāhiṇod vidurāya vai ॥2-45-48॥

[दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana; शान्त्यर्थम् (śāntyartham) - for the sake of peace; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having decided; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king; धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - sent; विदुराय (vidurāya) - to Vidura; वै (vai) - indeed;]

(Having decided thus for the sake of peace with Duryodhana, the king Dhritarashtra, O great king, indeed sent (a message) to Vidura.)

O great king, having resolved for the sake of peace with Duryodhana, King Dhritarashtra indeed sent Vidura. (2-45-48)

अपृष्ट्वा विदुरं ह्यस्य नासीत्कश्चिद्विनिश्चयः। द्यूतदोषांश्च जानन्स पुत्रस्नेहादकृष्यत ॥२-४५-४९॥

apṛṣṭvā viduraṃ hy asya nāsīt kaścid viniścayaḥ। dyūtadoṣāṃś ca jānans putrasnehād akṛṣyata ॥2-45-49॥

[अपृष्ट्वा (apṛṣṭvā) - without having asked; विदुरम् (viduram) - Vidura; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - of him; न (na) - not; आसीत् (āsīt) - there was; कश्चित् (kaścit) - any; विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - certainty; द्यूतदोषान् (dyūtadoṣān) - faults of gambling; च (ca) - and; जानन् (jānan) - knowing; पुत्रस्नेहात् (putrasnehāt) - from affection for his son; अकृष्यत (akṛṣyata) - was drawn; ॥२-४५-४९॥ ((2-45-49)) - (2-45-49);]

(Without having asked Vidura, indeed, of him there was not any certainty; knowing the faults of gambling, from affection for his son, he was drawn. (2-45-49))

Without consulting Vidura, he had no certainty; though aware of the faults of gambling, out of affection for his son, he was drawn in. (2-45-49)

तच्छ्रुत्वा विदुरो धीमान्कलिद्वारमुपस्थितम्। विनाशमुखमुत्पन्नं धृतराष्ट्रमुपाद्रवत् ॥२-४५-५०॥

tacchrutvā viduro dhīmān kalidvāram upasthitam। vināśamukham utpannaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭram upādravat ॥2-45-50॥

[तत् (tat) - that; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura; धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise; कलि-द्वारम् (kali-dvāram) - the gate of Kali (discord, strife); उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - arrived; विनाश-मुखम् (vināśa-mukham) - the face of destruction; उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - arisen; धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra; उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - approached;]

(Having heard that, the wise Vidura, seeing the gate of Kali (discord) arrived, and the face of destruction arisen, approached Dhritarashtra.)

When Vidura, the wise one, heard this, and saw that the gate of Kali (discord) had arrived and the face of destruction had arisen, he approached Dhritarashtra. (2-45-50)

सोऽभिगम्य महात्मानं भ्राता भ्रातरमग्रजम्। मूर्ध्ना प्रणम्य चरणाविदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२-४५-५१॥

so'bhigamya mahātmānaṃ bhrātā bhrātaramagrajam। mūrdhnā praṇamya caraṇāvidan vacanamabravīt ॥2-45-51॥

[सः (saḥ) - he; अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached; महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one; भ्राता (bhrātā) - the brother; भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - to the brother; अग्रजम् (agrajam) - the elder; मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with (his) head; प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed; चरणाविदम् (caraṇāvidam) - at the feet; वचनम् (vacanam) - words; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke;]

(He, having approached the great-souled elder brother, the brother, having bowed with (his) head at (his) feet, spoke words.)

He approached his elder brother, the great-souled one, and, bowing his head at his feet, spoke these words. (2-45-51)

नाभिनन्दामि ते राजन्व्यवसायमिमं प्रभो। पुत्रैर्भेदो यथा न स्याद्द्यूतहेतोस्तथा कुरु ॥२-४५-५२॥

nābhinandāmi te rājan vyavasāyam imaṃ prabho। putrair bhedo yathā na syād dyūta-hetos tathā kuru ॥2-45-52॥

[न (na) - not; अभिनन्दामि (abhinandāmi) - I approve; ते (te) - your; राजन् (rājan) - O king; व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - undertaking; इमम् (imam) - this; प्रभो (prabho) - O lord; पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons; भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division; यथा (yathā) - so that; न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - may occur; द्यूत-हेतोः (dyūta-hetos) - from the cause of gambling; तथा (tathā) - thus; कुरु (kuru) - do;]

(I do not approve your undertaking this, O king, O lord; so that division by sons may not occur from the cause of gambling, thus do.)

O king, I do not approve of this course of action, O lord; act in such a way that there may not be division among the sons due to gambling. (2-45-52)

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच॥

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca॥

[धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra; (name of the king); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]

(Dhṛtarāṣṭra said;)

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said:

क्षत्तः पुत्रेषु पुत्रैर्मे कलहो न भविष्यति। दिवि देवाः प्रसादं नः करिष्यन्ति न संशयः ॥२-४५-५३॥

kṣattaḥ putreṣu putrair me kalaho na bhaviṣyati। divi devāḥ prasādaṃ naḥ kariṣyanti na saṃśayaḥ ॥2-45-53॥

[क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - O Vidura; (vocative of kṣattṛ, a title for Vidura); पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among sons; (locative plural of putra); पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by the sons; (instrumental plural of putra); मे (me) - my; (genitive singular of asmad); कलहः (kalahaḥ) - quarrel; (nominative singular); न (na) - not; (negation); भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; (future tense of bhū); दिवि (divi) - in heaven; (locative singular of div); देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; (nominative plural of deva); प्रसादं (prasādam) - favor; grace; (accusative singular of prasāda); नः (naḥ) - to us; (dative plural of asmad); करिष्यन्ति (kariṣyanti) - will do; (future tense of kṛ); न (na) - not; (negation); संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; (nominative singular);]

(O Vidura, among (my) sons, by the sons, my quarrel will not be. In heaven, the gods favor to us will do, not (is there) doubt.)

O Vidura, there will be no quarrel among my sons. The gods in heaven will bestow their favor upon us, there is no doubt about this. (2-45-53)

अशुभं वा शुभं वापि हितं वा यदि वाहितम्। प्रवर्ततां सुहृद्द्यूतं दिष्टमेतन्न संशयः ॥२-४५-५४॥

aśubhaṃ vā śubhaṃ vāpi hitaṃ vā yadi vāhitam। pravartatāṃ suhṛddyūtaṃ diṣṭametanna saṃśayaḥ ॥2-45-54॥

[अशुभम् (aśubham) - inauspicious; वा (vā) - or; शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; हितम् (hitam) - beneficial; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; हितम् (hitam) - carried; प्रवर्तताम् (pravartatām) - let it proceed; सुहृद् (suhṛd) - friend; द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - game of dice; दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - fate; एतत् (etat) - this; न (na) - not; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]

(Inauspicious or auspicious or even beneficial or if carried, let the game of dice among friends proceed; this is fate, there is no doubt.)

Whether it is inauspicious, auspicious, or even beneficial, or if it is carried out, let the friendly game of dice proceed; this is fate, there is no doubt about it. (2-45-54)

मयि संनिहिते चैव भीष्मे च भरतर्षभे। अनयो दैवविहितो न कथञ्चिद्भविष्यति ॥२-४५-५५॥

mayi saṃnihite caiva bhīṣme ca bharatarṣabhe। anayo daivavihito na kathaṃcidbhaviṣyati ॥2-45-55॥

[मयि (mayi) - in me; संनिहिते (saṃnihite) - being present; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - in Bhishma; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभे (bharatarṣabhe) - O bull among the Bharatas; अनयोः (anayoḥ) - of these two; दैवविहितः (daivavihitaḥ) - ordained by fate; न (na) - not; कथञ्चित् (kathaṃcit) - in any way; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will happen;]

(In me being present and indeed in Bhishma, O bull among the Bharatas, of these two, what is ordained by fate will not happen in any way.)

O best of the Bharatas, as long as I and Bhishma are present, nothing that is ordained by fate for these two will ever occur. (2-45-55)

गच्छ त्वं रथमास्थाय हयैर्वातसमैर्जवे। खाण्डवप्रस्थमद्यैव समानय युधिष्ठिरम् ॥२-४५-५६॥

gaccha tvaṃ ratham āsthāya hayair vāta-samaiḥ jave। khāṇḍavaprastham adyaiva samānaya yudhiṣṭhiram ॥2-45-56॥

[गच्छ (gaccha) - go; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; रथम् (ratham) - chariot; आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted; हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses; वातसमैः (vāta-samaiḥ) - equal to wind; जवे (jave) - in speed; खाण्डवप्रस्थम् (khāṇḍavaprastham) - Khandavaprastha; अद्यैव (adyaiva) - today itself; समानय (samānaya) - bring; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira;]

(Go you, having mounted the chariot, by horses equal to wind in speed; to Khandavaprastha today itself bring Yudhishthira.)

Go now, mount the chariot drawn by horses as swift as the wind, and bring Yudhishthira to Khandavaprastha today itself. (2-45-56)

न वार्यो व्यवसायो मे विदुरैतद्ब्रवीमि ते। दैवमेव परं मन्ये येनैतदुपपद्यते ॥२-४५-५७॥

na vāryo vyavasāyo me viduraitadbravīmi te। daivameva paraṃ manye yenaitadupapadyate ॥2-45-57॥

[न (na) - not; वार्यः (vāryaḥ) - to be restrained; व्यवसायः (vyavasāyaḥ) - effort; मे (me) - my; विदुः (viduḥ) - (they) know; एतत् (etat) - this; ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I say; ते (te) - to you; दैवम् (daivam) - fate; एव (eva) - indeed; परम् (param) - supreme; मन्ये (manye) - I consider; येन (yena) - by which; एतत् (etat) - this; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is accomplished;]

(Not to be restrained is my effort, (they) know this, I say to you. Fate alone I consider supreme, by which this is accomplished. (2-45-57))

My effort cannot be restrained, this is known, I tell you. Yet, I consider fate alone to be supreme, by which all this is accomplished. (2-45-57)

इत्युक्तो विदुरो धीमान्नैतदस्तीति चिन्तयन्। आपगेयं महाप्राज्ञमभ्यगच्छत्सुदुःखितः ॥२-४५-५८॥

ityukto viduro dhīmān naitad astīti cintayan। āpageyaṃ mahāprājñam abhyagacchat suduḥkhitaḥ ॥2-45-58॥

[इति (iti) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura; धीमान् (dhīmān) - wise; न (na) - not; एतत् (etat) - this; अस्ति (asti) - is; इति (iti) - thus; चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking; आपगेयम् (āpageyam) - to the son of the river (Bhīṣma); महाप्राज्ञम् (mahāprājñam) - the greatly wise; अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - approached; सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed;]

(Thus addressed, Vidura, the wise, thinking "this is not so", approached the greatly wise son of the river, greatly distressed.)

Thus, when addressed, the wise Vidura, thinking "this is not so", approached the greatly wise Bhīṣma, son of the river, in great distress. (2-45-58)