02.053
Core-Pancharatra: Game of dice starts and Yudhisthira loses his first stake.
शकुनिरुवाच॥
śakuniruvāca॥
[शकुनि (śakuni) - Shakuni; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Shakuni said.)
Shakuni said.
उपस्तीर्णा सभा राजन्रन्तुं चैते कृतक्षणाः। अक्षानुप्त्वा देवनस्य समयोऽस्तु युधिष्ठिर ॥२-५३-१॥
upastīrṇā sabhā rājan rantuṃ caite kṛtakṣaṇāḥ। akṣān uptvā devanasya samayo'stu yudhiṣṭhira ॥2-53-1॥
[उपस्तीर्णा (upastīrṇā) - spread out; सभा (sabhā) - assembly; राजन् (rājan) - O king; रन्तुं (rantuṃ) - to play; च (ca) - and; एते (ete) - these; कृतक्षणाः (kṛtakṣaṇāḥ) - prepared; अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice; उप्त्वा (uptvā) - having placed; देवनस्य (devanasya) - of the game; समयः (samayaḥ) - time; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(The assembly is spread out, O king, these are prepared to play. Having placed the dice, let it be the time for the game, Yudhishthira.)
O king, the assembly is ready and these men are prepared to play. The dice have been placed; let the game begin, Yudhishthira. (2-53-1)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
निकृतिर्देवनं पापं न क्षात्रोऽत्र पराक्रमः। न च नीतिर्ध्रुवा राजन्किं त्वं द्यूतं प्रशंससि ॥२-५३-२॥
nikṛtirdevanaṃ pāpaṃ na kṣātro'tra parākramaḥ| na ca nītirdhruvā rājan kiṃ tvaṃ dyūtaṃ praśaṃsasi ॥2-53-2॥
[निकृतिः (nikṛtiḥ) - deceit; देवनम् (devanam) - of the gods; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; न (na) - not; क्षात्रः (kṣātraḥ) - of a kṣatriya; अत्र (atra) - here; पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - righteousness; ध्रुवा (dhruvā) - certain; राजन् (rājan) - O king; किम् (kim) - why; त्वम् (tvam) - you; द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling; प्रशंससि (praśaṃsasi) - praise;]
(Deceit is sin for the gods, not valor of a kṣatriya here; nor is righteousness certain, O king, why do you praise gambling?)
Deceit is sinful for the gods and not valorous for a kṣatriya here; nor is righteousness assured, O king. Why then do you praise gambling? (2-53-2)
न हि मानं प्रशंसन्ति निकृतौ कितवस्य ह। शकुने मैव नो जैषीरमार्गेण नृशंसवत् ॥२-५३-३॥
na hi mānaṃ praśaṃsanti nikṛtau kitavasya ha। śakune maiva no jaiṣīramārgeṇa nṛśaṃsavat ॥2-53-3॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; मानं (mānam) - honor; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṃsanti) - praise; निकृतौ (nikṛtau) - in deceit; कितवस्य (kitavasya) - of the gambler; ह (ha) - indeed; शकुने (śakune) - O Śakuni; मा (mā) - do not; एव (eva) - certainly; नः (naḥ) - us; जैषीर् (jaiṣīr) - you should conquer; मार्गेण (mārgeṇa) - by the way; नृशंसवत् (nṛśaṃsavat) - cruelly;]
(Not indeed honor praise in deceit of the gambler indeed. O Śakuni, do not certainly us you should conquer by the way cruelly.)
Honor is never praised in the deceit of a gambler, O Śakuni. Do not try to defeat us by cruel means. (2-53-3)
शकुनिरुवाच॥
śakuniruvāca॥
[शकुनि (śakuni) - Shakuni; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Shakuni said;)
Shakuni said.
योऽन्वेति सङ्ख्यां निकृतौ विधिज्ञ; श्चेष्टास्वखिन्नः कितवोऽक्षजासु। महामतिर्यश्च जानाति द्यूतं; स वै सर्वं सहते प्रक्रियासु ॥२-५३-४॥
yo'nveti saṅkhyāṃ nikṛtau vidhijñaḥ; ceṣṭāsu akhinnaḥ kitavo akṣajāsu. mahā-matiḥ yaḥ ca jānāti dyūtaṃ; sa vai sarvaṃ sahate prakriyāsu ॥2-53-4॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; अन्वेति (anveti) - follows; pursues; सङ्ख्यां (saṅkhyām) - count; number; निकृतौ (nikṛtau) - in cheating; in deceit; विधिज्ञः (vidhijñaḥ) - knower of rules; चेष्टासु (ceṣṭāsu) - in actions; in moves; अखिन्नः (akhinnaḥ) - not dejected; unwearied; कितवः (kitavaḥ) - gambler; अक्षजासु (akṣajāsu) - in dice games; महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - great intellect; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; जानाति (jānāti) - knows; द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling; dice; सः (saḥ) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; सहते (sahate) - endures; withstands; प्रक्रियासु (prakriyāsu) - in procedures; in processes;]
(Who follows the count in cheating, knower of rules, in actions unwearied, gambler in dice games, great intellect, and who knows gambling—he indeed endures all in the procedures.)
He who follows the count in cheating, knows the rules, is tireless in actions, is a gambler in dice games, has great intellect, and knows gambling—such a person indeed endures all the processes. (2-53-4)
अक्षग्लहः सोऽभिभवेत्परं न; स्तेनैव कालो भवतीदमात्थ। दीव्यामहे पार्थिव मा विशङ्कां; कुरुष्व पाणं च चिरं च मा कृथाः ॥२-५३-५॥
akṣaglahaḥ so’bhibhavetparaṃ na; stenaiva kālo bhavatīdamāttha. dīvyāmahe pārthiva mā viśaṅkāṃ; kuruṣva pāṇaṃ ca ciraṃ ca mā kṛthāḥ ॥2-53-5॥
[अक्षग्लहः (akṣaglahaḥ) - dice-gambler; सः (saḥ) - he; अभिभवेत् (abhibhavet) - should overcome; परं (param) - the other; न (na) - not; स्तेनैव (stenaiva) - by thief only; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; भवती (bhavatī) - becomes; इदम् (idam) - this; आत्थ (āttha) - you have said; दीव्यामहे (dīvyāmahe) - we play dice; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king; मा (mā) - do not; विशङ्कां (viśaṅkāṃ) - doubt; कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do; पाणं (pāṇaṃ) - stake; च (ca) - and; चिरं (ciraṃ) - long; च (ca) - and; मा (mā) - do not; कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - make;]
(Dice-gambler he should not overcome the other; by thief only time becomes, this you have said. We play dice, O king, do not doubt; do the stake and long and do not make.)
The dice-gambler should not defeat the other; you have said that only a thief becomes time. We play dice, O king, do not be suspicious; place the stake, and do not delay or hesitate. (2-53-5)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
एवमाहायमसितो देवलो मुनिसत्तमः। इमानि लोकद्वाराणि यो वै सञ्चरते सदा ॥२-५३-६॥
evam āha ayam asito devalo munisattamaḥ। imāni lokadvārāṇi yaḥ vai sañcarate sadā ॥2-53-6॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; आह (āha) - said; अयम् (ayam) - this; असितः (asitaḥ) - Asita; देवलः (devalaḥ) - Devala; मुनिसत्तमः (munisattamaḥ) - best among sages; इमानि (imāni) - these; लोकद्वाराणि (lokadvārāṇi) - gateways of the worlds; यः (yaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; सञ्चरते (sañcarate) - moves about; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(Thus said this Asita Devala, best among sages: These are the gateways of the worlds; whoever indeed always moves about (through them).)
Thus, this Asita Devala, the best among sages, said: "These are the gateways to the worlds; whoever always moves through them." (2-53-6)
इदं वै देवनं पापं मायया कितवैः सह। धर्मेण तु जयो युद्धे तत्परं साधु देवनम् ॥२-५३-७॥
idaṃ vai devanaṃ pāpaṃ māyayā kitavaiḥ saha। dharmeṇa tu jayo yuddhe tatparaṃ sādhu devanam ॥2-53-7॥
[इदं (idaṃ) - this; वै (vai) - indeed; देवनं (devanam) - of the Devas; पापं (pāpam) - sin; मायया (māyayā) - by illusion; कितवैः (kitavaiḥ) - by cheats; सह (saha) - with; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; तु (tu) - but; जयो (jayaḥ) - victory; युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle; तत्परं (tatparam) - supreme; साधु (sādhu) - good; देवनम् (devanam) - of the Devas;]
(This indeed is the sin of the Devas, with illusion and cheats. But by righteousness, victory in battle is supreme and good for the Devas.)
This is truly the fault of the Devas, who, through illusion and with cheats, act so. But victory in battle achieved by righteousness is truly supreme and good for the Devas. (2-53-7)
नार्या म्लेच्छन्ति भाषाभिर्मायया न चरन्त्युत। अजिह्ममशठं युद्धमेतत्सत्पुरुषव्रतम् ॥२-५३-८॥
nāryā mlecchanti bhāṣābhirmāyayā na carantyuta। ajihmamaśaṭhaṃ yuddhametatsatpuruṣavratam ॥2-53-8॥
[नार्या (nāryā) - by women; म्लेच्छन्ति (mlecchanti) - they speak barbarously; भाषाभिः (bhāṣābhiḥ) - with languages; मायया (māyayā) - with deceit; न (na) - not; चरन्ति (caranti) - they act; उत (uta) - indeed; अजिह्मम् (ajihmam) - not crooked; अशठम् (aśaṭham) - not deceitful; युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle; एतत् (etat) - this; सत्पुरुषव्रतम् (satpuruṣavratam) - vow of noble men;]
(By women, they speak barbarously with languages, with deceit, not do they act indeed. Not crooked, not deceitful, this battle is the vow of noble men.)
Women speak in barbarous languages and act with deceit, but this battle is neither crooked nor deceitful; it is the vow of noble men. (2-53-8)
शक्तितो ब्राह्मणान्वन्द्याञ्शिक्षितुं प्रयतामहे। तद्वै वित्तं मातिदेवीर्मा जैषीः शकुने परम् ॥२-५३-९॥
śaktito brāhmaṇān-vandyāñ-śikṣituṃ prayatāmahe। tad-vai vittaṃ māti-devīr-mā jaiṣīḥ śakune param ॥2-53-9॥
[शक्तितः (śaktitaḥ) - according to ability; ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brāhmaṇas; वन्द्यान् (vandyān) - those worthy of reverence; शिक्षितुम् (śikṣitum) - to instruct; प्रयतामहे (prayatāmahe) - we strive; तत् (tat) - that; वै (vai) - indeed; वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth; माति (māti) - do not; देवीः (devīḥ) - O goddesses; मा (mā) - do not; जैषीः (jaiṣīḥ) - you should conquer; शकुने (śakune) - O bird; परम् (param) - other; ॥२-५३-९॥ (॥2-53-9॥) - (2-53-9);]
(According to ability, Brāhmaṇas worthy of reverence to instruct we strive. That indeed wealth do not, O goddesses, do not you should conquer, O bird, other. (2-53-9);)
We strive, according to our ability, to instruct Brāhmaṇas who are worthy of reverence. That indeed is wealth; O goddesses, do not, O bird, seek to conquer anything else. (2-53-9)
नाहं निकृत्या कामये सुखान्युत धनानि वा। कितवस्याप्यनिकृतेर्वृत्तमेतन्न पूज्यते ॥२-५३-१०॥
nāhaṃ nikṛtyā kāmaye sukhānyuta dhanāni vā। kitavasyāpyanikṛtervṛttametan na pūjyate ॥2-53-10॥
[न (na) - not; अहम् (aham) - I; निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit; कामये (kāmaye) - desire; सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures; उत (uta) - or; धनानि (dhanāni) - wealths; वा (vā) - or; कितवस्य (kitavasya) - of a gambler; अपि (api) - even; अनिकृतेः (anikṛteḥ) - of the non-deceitful; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct; एतत् (etat) - this; न (na) - not; पूज्यते (pūjyate) - is honored;]
(Not I by deceit desire pleasures or wealths or. Of a gambler even of the non-deceitful conduct this not is honored.)
I do not desire pleasures or wealth by deceit. Even the conduct of a gambler who is not deceitful is not honored. (2-53-10)
शकुनिरुवाच॥
śakuniruvāca॥
[शकुनि (śakuni) - Shakuni; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Shakuni said;)
Shakuni said.
श्रोत्रियोऽश्रोत्रियमुत निकृत्यैव युधिष्ठिर। विद्वानविदुषोऽभ्येति नाहुस्तां निकृतिं जनाः ॥२-५३-११॥
śrotriyo'śrotriyamuta nikṛtyaiva yudhiṣṭhira। vidvānaviduṣo'bhyeti nāhustāṃ nikṛtiṃ janāḥ ॥2-53-11॥
[श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas; अश्रोत्रियम् (aśrotriyam) - one not learned in the Vedas; उत (uta) - and; also; निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit; एव (eva) - indeed; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise; अविदुषः (aviduṣaḥ) - of the unwise; अभ्येति (abhyeti) - overcomes; surpasses; न (na) - not; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; तां (tām) - that; निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(One learned in the Vedas and one not learned in the Vedas, indeed by deceit, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the wise surpasses the unwise; people do not call that deceit.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, when a learned person surpasses an unlearned one by means of deceit, people do not consider that to be deceit. (2-53-11)
एवं त्वं मामिहाभ्येत्य निकृतिं यदि मन्यसे। देवनाद्विनिवर्तस्व यदि ते विद्यते भयम् ॥२-५३-१२॥
evaṃ tvaṃ mām ihābhyetya nikṛtiṃ yadi manyase। devanād vinivartasva yadi te vidyate bhayam ॥2-53-12॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; माम् (mām) - me; इह (iha) - here; अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached; निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit; यदि (yadi) - if; मन्यसे (manyase) - you think; देवनात् (devanāt) - from the god; विनिवर्तस्व (vinivartasva) - turn back; यदि (yadi) - if; ते (te) - to you; विद्यते (vidyate) - there is; भयम् (bhayam) - fear;]
(Thus you, having approached me here, if you think (it is) deceit, turn back from the god, if there is fear to you.)
Thus, if you have come to me here and consider this to be deceit, then turn back from the god if you feel any fear. (2-53-12)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
आहूतो न निवर्तेयमिति मे व्रतमाहितम्। विधिश्च बलवान्राजन्दिष्टस्यास्मि वशे स्थितः ॥२-५३-१३॥
āhūto na nivarteyamiti me vratamāhitam। vidhiśca balavānrājandiṣṭasyāsmi vaśe sthitaḥ ॥2-53-13॥
[आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - called; न (na) - not; निवर्तेयं (nivarteyam) - I would return; इति (iti) - thus; मे (me) - my; व्रतम् (vratam) - vow; आहितम् (āhitam) - undertaken; विधिः (vidhiḥ) - destiny; च (ca) - and; बलवान् (balavān) - powerful; राजन् (rājan) - O king; दिष्टस्य (diṣṭasya) - of what is ordained; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; वशे (vaśe) - under the control; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated;]
(Called, not I would return—thus my vow undertaken. Destiny and powerful, O king, of what is ordained I am under the control situated.)
I have taken a vow that, once called, I will not turn back. Destiny is powerful, O king; I am under the control of what is ordained. (2-53-13)
अस्मिन्समागमे केन देवनं मे भविष्यति। प्रतिपाणश्च कोऽन्योऽस्ति ततो द्यूतं प्रवर्तताम् ॥२-५३-१४॥
asmin samāgame kena devanaṃ me bhaviṣyati। pratipāṇaś ca ko 'nyo 'sti tato dyūtaṃ pravartatām ॥2-53-14॥
[अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; समागमे (samāgame) - assembly; केन (kena) - by whom; देवनम् (devanam) - stake; मे (me) - my; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be; प्रतिपाणः (pratipāṇaḥ) - counter-stake; च (ca) - and; कः (kaḥ) - who; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; अस्ति (asti) - is; ततः (tataḥ) - then; द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - dice-game; प्रवर्तताम् (pravartatām) - let proceed;]
(In this assembly, by whom will my stake be? And who else is the counter-stake? Then let the dice-game proceed.)
In this assembly, who will be my stake? And who else is the counter-stake? Then let the dice-game begin. (2-53-14)
दुर्योधन उवाच॥
duryodhana uvāca॥
[दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Duryodhana said;)
Duryodhana said.
अहं दातास्मि रत्नानां धनानां च विशां पते। मदर्थे देविता चायं शकुनिर्मातुलो मम ॥२-५३-१५॥
ahaṃ dātāsmi ratnānāṃ dhanānāṃ ca viśāṃ pate। madarthe devitā cāyaṃ śakunirmātulo mama ॥2-53-15॥
[अहं (ahaṃ) - I; दाता (dātā) - giver; अस्मि (asmi) - am; रत्नानाम् (ratnānām) - of jewels; धनानाम् (dhanānām) - of riches; च (ca) - and; विशाम् (viśām) - of peoples; पते (pate) - O lord; मदर्थे (madarthe) - for my sake; देविता (devitā) - has been made divine; च (ca) - and; अयम् (ayam) - this; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; मातुलः (mātulaḥ) - maternal uncle; मम (mama) - my;]
(I am the giver of jewels and riches, O lord of peoples; for my sake, this Śakuni, my maternal uncle, has been made divine.)
O lord of peoples, I am the giver of jewels and riches; for my sake, this Śakuni, my maternal uncle, has been exalted to divinity. (2-53-15)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अन्येनान्यस्य विषमं देवनं प्रतिभाति मे। एतद्विद्वन्नुपादत्स्व काममेवं प्रवर्तताम् ॥२-५३-१६॥
anyenānyasya viṣamaṃ devanaṃ pratibhāti me। etadvidvannupādatsva kāmamevaṃ pravartatām ॥2-53-16॥
[अन्येन (anyena) - by another; by a different one; अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of another; of a different one; विषमं (viṣamam) - unequal; unfair; देवनं (devanam) - action; conduct; प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears; seems; मे (me) - to me; एतत् (etat) - this; विद्वन् (vidvan) - O learned one; wise one; उपादत्स्व (upādatsva) - accept; take up; कामम् (kāmam) - indeed; truly; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; in this way; प्रवर्तताम् (pravartatām) - let it proceed; let it be done;]
(By another, of another, unfair action appears to me. O learned one, accept this; indeed, let it proceed thus.)
The action of one towards another seems unfair to me. O wise one, please accept this; let it be carried out in this way. (2-53-16)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage/narrator); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
उपोह्यमाने द्यूते तु राजानः सर्व एव ते। धृतराष्ट्रं पुरस्कृत्य विविशुस्तां सभां ततः ॥२-५३-१७॥
upohyāmāne dyūte tu rājānaḥ sarva eva te। dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ puraskṛtya viviśus tāṃ sabhāṃ tataḥ ॥2-53-17॥
[उपोह्यमाने (upohyāmāne) - when being commenced; (upa-√i, present passive participle, locative singular) द्यूते (dyūte) - in the game of dice; (locative singular) तु (tu) - but; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; (nominative plural) सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they; धृतराष्ट्रं (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhritarashtra; (accusative singular) पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front; (absolutive of pra-√kṛ) विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - entered; (third person plural perfect) तां (tām) - that; (accusative singular, feminine) सभां (sabhām) - assembly; (accusative singular, feminine) ततः (tataḥ) - then;]
(But when the game of dice was being commenced, all those kings, having placed Dhritarashtra in front, then entered that assembly.)
But as the game of dice was about to begin, all the kings, with Dhritarashtra at their head, entered that assembly. (2-53-17)
भीष्मो द्रोणः कृपश्चैव विदुरश्च महामतिः। नातीवप्रीतमनसस्तेऽन्ववर्तन्त भारत ॥२-५३-१८॥
bhīṣmo droṇaḥ kṛpaścaiva viduraśca mahāmatiḥ। nātīvaprītamanasaste'nvavartanta bhārata ॥2-53-18॥
[भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma; द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa; कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura; च (ca) - and; महामतिः (mahāmatiḥ) - great-minded; न (na) - not; अतीव (atīva) - excessively; प्रीतमनसः (prītamanasaḥ) - with pleased minds; ते (te) - they; अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - followed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, and indeed Vidura, the great-minded, they did not follow with excessively pleased minds, O Bhārata.)
Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, and Vidura, the wise, did not follow with much pleasure in their hearts, O Bhārata. (2-53-18)
ते द्वंद्वशः पृथक्चैव सिंहग्रीवा महौजसः। सिंहासनानि भूरीणि विचित्राणि च भेजिरे ॥२-५३-१९॥
te dvaṃdvaśaḥ pṛthak ca eva siṃhagrīvā mahaujasaḥ। siṃhāsanāni bhūrīṇi vicitrāṇi ca bhejire ॥2-53-19॥
[ते (te) - they; द्वंद्वशः (dvaṃdvaśaḥ) - in pairs; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सिंहग्रीवा (siṃhagrīvā) - lion-necked ones; महौजसः (mahaujasaḥ) - of great energy; सिंहासनानि (siṃhāsanāni) - lion-thrones; भूरीणि (bhūrīṇi) - many; विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - variegated; च (ca) - and; भेजिरे (bhejire) - occupied;]
(They, in pairs and also separately, the lion-necked ones of great energy, occupied many and variegated lion-thrones.)
Those lion-necked warriors of great energy, both in pairs and individually, occupied many splendid and varied lion-thrones. (2-53-19)
शुशुभे सा सभा राजन्राजभिस्तैः समागतैः। देवैरिव महाभागैः समवेतैस्त्रिविष्टपम् ॥२-५३-२०॥
śuśubhe sā sabhā rājan rājabhis taiḥ samāgataiḥ। devair iva mahābhāgaiḥ samavetaiḥ triviṣṭapam ॥2-53-20॥
[शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone; was resplendent; सा (sā) - that; she; सभा (sabhā) - assembly; hall; राजन् (rājan) - O king; राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings; तैः (taiḥ) - by those; समागतैः (samāgataiḥ) - assembled; gathered; देवैः (devaiḥ) - by gods; इव (iva) - like; as if; महाभागैः (mahābhāgaiḥ) - by greatly fortunate ones; समवेतैः (samavetaiḥ) - assembled; gathered; त्रिविष्टपम् (triviṣṭapam) - heaven; the abode of gods;]
(That assembly, O king, shone, having been gathered by those kings, like heaven gathered by the greatly fortunate gods.)
O king, that assembly shone with the presence of those kings who had assembled there, just as heaven shines when the greatly fortunate gods are gathered together. (2-53-20)
सर्वे वेदविदः शूराः सर्वे भास्वरमूर्तयः। प्रावर्तत महाराज सुहृद्द्यूतमनन्तरम् ॥२-५३-२१॥
sarve vedavidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ। prāvartata mahārāja suhṛddyūtamanantaram ॥2-53-21॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Veda; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - valiant; सर्वे (sarve) - all; भास्वरमूर्तयः (bhāsvaramūrtayaḥ) - radiant forms; प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - commenced; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; सुहृद्द्यूतमनन्तरम् (suhṛddyūtamanantaram) - the friendly game of dice thereafter;]
(All knowers of the Veda, valiant, all radiant forms, commenced, O great king, the friendly game of dice thereafter.)
O great king, all the valiant knowers of the Veda, all radiant in form, then commenced the friendly game of dice. (2-53-21)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
अयं बहुधनो राजन्सागरावर्तसम्भवः। मणिर्हारोत्तरः श्रीमान्कनकोत्तमभूषणः ॥२-५३-२२॥
ayaṃ bahudhanō rājan sāgarāvartasambhavaḥ। maṇihārōttaraḥ śrīmān kanakōttamabhūṣaṇaḥ ॥2-53-22॥
[अयम् (ayam) - this; बहुधनः (bahudhanaḥ) - possessing much wealth; राजन् (rājan) - O king; सागरावर्तसम्भवः (sāgarāvartasambhavaḥ) - originating from the whirlpool of the ocean; मणिहारोत्तरः (maṇihārōttaraḥ) - the best among pearl necklaces; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - possessed of splendour; कनकोत्तमभूषणः (kanakōttamabhūṣaṇaḥ) - adorned with the finest gold;]
(This, possessing much wealth, O king, originating from the whirlpool of the ocean, the best among pearl necklaces, possessed of splendour, adorned with the finest gold.)
O king, this splendid and wealthy necklace, originating from the ocean's whirlpool, is the finest among pearl necklaces and is adorned with the best gold. (2-53-22)
एतद्राजन्धनं मह्यं प्रतिपाणस्तु कस्तव। भवत्वेष क्रमस्तात जयाम्येनं दुरोदरम् ॥२-५३-२३॥
etad rājandhanaṃ mahyaṃ pratipāṇas tu kas tava। bhavatv eṣa kramas tāta jayāmy enaṃ durodaram ॥2-53-23॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; राजन् (rājan) - O king; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; मह्यम् (mahyam) - to me; प्रतिपाणः (pratipāṇaḥ) - counter-pledge; तु (tu) - but; कः (kaḥ) - who; तव (tava) - yours; भवतु (bhavatu) - let it be; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; क्रमः (kramaḥ) - order; तात (tāta) - dear one; जयामि (jayāmi) - I shall conquer; एनम् (enam) - him; दुरोदरम् (durodaram) - Duryodhana; ॥२-५३-२३॥ (॥2-53-23॥) -;]
(This, O king, wealth to me, counter-pledge but who yours? Let it be this order, dear one. I shall conquer him, Duryodhana. (2-53-23))
O king, this wealth is mine; but who is your counter-pledge? Let this be the order, dear one. I shall conquer Duryodhana. (2-53-23)
दुर्योधन उवाच॥
duryodhana uvāca॥
[दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - Duryodhana; (proper noun) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak;);]
(Duryodhana said;)
Duryodhana said.
सन्ति मे मणयश्चैव धनानि विविधानि च। मत्सरश्च न मेऽर्थेषु जयाम्येनं दुरोदरम् ॥२-५३-२४॥
santi me maṇayaścaiva dhanāni vividhāni ca। matsaraśca na me'rtheṣu jayāmyenaṃ durodaram ॥2-53-24॥
[सन्ति (santi) - are; exist; मे (me) - to me; for me; मणयः (maṇayaḥ) - jewels; gems; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; धनानि (dhanāni) - wealths; riches; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; of many kinds; च (ca) - and; मत्सरः (matsaraḥ) - envy; jealousy; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; मे (me) - to me; for me; अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - in objects; in wealth; जयामि (jayāmi) - I conquer; I overcome; एनम् (enam) - this; him; दुरोदरम् (durodaram) - Duryodhana; (lit.) one with a difficult belly;]
(There are for me indeed jewels and various kinds of wealth; and envy is not in me regarding objects; I conquer this Duryodhana.)
I have jewels and various kinds of wealth, and I do not have envy for possessions; I overcome this Duryodhana. (2-53-24)
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
ततो जग्राह शकुनिस्तानक्षानक्षतत्त्ववित्। जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२-५३-२५॥
tato jagrāha śakunistānakṣānakṣatattvavit। jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata ॥2-53-25॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; जग्राह (jagrāha) - he seized; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; तान् (tān) - those; अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice; अक्षतत्त्ववित् (akṣatattvavit) - knower of the true nature of dice; जितम् (jitam) - conquered; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira; अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke;]
(Then Śakuni, the knower of the true nature of dice, seized those dice. Śakuni indeed spoke to Yudhishthira, 'Conquered.')
Then Śakuni, who understood the true nature of dice, took up the dice and said to Yudhishthira, 'It is won.' (2-53-25)
