03.033
Core: Draupadi lectures on Chance Vs destiny Vs Striving, and suggests Yudhisthira to strive.
द्रौपद्युवाच॥
draupadyuvāca॥
[द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadī; (name of the princess) उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Draupadī said;)
Draupadī said.
नावमन्ये न गर्हे च धर्मं पार्थ कथञ्चन। ईश्वरं कुत एवाहमवमंस्ये प्रजापतिम् ॥३-३३-१॥
nāvamanye na garhe ca dharmaṃ pārtha kathañcana। īśvaraṃ kuta evāham avamaṃsye prajāpatim ॥3-33-1॥
[न (na) - not; अवमन्ये (avamanye) - I despise; न (na) - not; गर्हे (garhe) - I censure; च (ca) - and; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way; ईश्वरं (īśvaraṃ) - the Lord; कुत (kuta) - how; एव (eva) - indeed; अहम् (aham) - I; अवमंस्ये (avamaṃsye) - would disrespect; प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - the Lord of creatures;]
(Not I despise, not I censure and duty, O Pārtha, in any way. The Lord, how indeed I would disrespect, the Lord of creatures.)
O Pārtha, I neither despise nor censure duty in any way. How indeed could I ever disrespect the Lord, the Lord of creatures? (3-33-1)
आर्ताहं प्रलपामीदमिति मां विद्धि भारत। भूयश्च विलपिष्यामि सुमनास्तन्निबोध मे ॥३-३३-२॥
ārtāhaṁ pralapāmīdamiti māṁ viddhi bhārata। bhūyaśca vilapiṣyāmi sumanāstannibodha me ॥3-33-2॥
[आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted; अहम् (aham) - I; प्रलपामि (pralapāmi) - I utter; इदम् (idam) - this; इति (iti) - thus; माम् (mām) - me; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; च (ca) - and; विलपिष्यामि (vilapiṣyāmi) - I will lament; सुमनाः (sumanāḥ) - O good-minded one; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; मे (me) - from me;]
(Afflicted I utter this thus; me know, O Bhārata. Again and I will lament, O good-minded one; that understand from me.)
Know me, O Bhārata, as afflicted and uttering this; again, O good-minded one, I will lament—understand that from me. (3-33-2)
कर्म खल्विह कर्तव्यं जातेनामित्रकर्शन। अकर्माणो हि जीवन्ति स्थावरा नेतरे जनाः ॥३-३३-३॥
karma khalv iha kartavyaṃ jātenāmitrakarśana। akarmāṇo hi jīvanti sthāvarā netare janāḥ ॥3-33-3॥
[कर्म (karma) - action; work; खलु (khalu) - indeed; surely; इह (iha) - here; in this world; कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done; obligatory; जातेन (jātena) - by one who is born; अमित्रकर्शन (amitrakarśana) - O subduer of foes; अकर्माणः (akarmāṇaḥ) - those not acting; non-doers; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - live; स्थावरा (sthāvarā) - immobile beings; stationary; न (na) - not; इतरे (itare) - others; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; beings;]
(Action indeed here is to be done by one who is born, O subduer of foes; those not acting indeed live as immobile beings, not other people. (3-33-3))
O subduer of foes, action must indeed be performed by one who is born in this world; for those who do not act live like immobile beings, not like other people. (3-33-3)
आ मातृस्तनपानाच्च यावच्छय्योपसर्पणम्। जङ्गमाः कर्मणा वृत्तिमाप्नुवन्ति युधिष्ठिर ॥३-३३-४॥
ā mātṛstanapānācca yāvacchayyopasarpaṇam। jaṅgamāḥ karmaṇā vṛttim āpnuvanti yudhiṣṭhira ॥3-33-4॥
[आ (ā) - up to; towards; मातृ (mātṛ) - mother; स्तन (stana) - breast; पानात् (pānāt) - from drinking; च (ca) - and; यावत् (yāvat) - as long as; until; शय्या (śayyā) - bed; उपसर्पणम् (upasarpaṇam) - approaching; going near; जङ्गमाः (jaṅgamāḥ) - moving beings; living beings; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; by work; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood; sustenance; आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - attain; obtain; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(Up to and from drinking the mother's breast and as long as approaching the bed, moving beings, by action, attain livelihood, O Yudhishthira.)
From the time of drinking at the mother's breast until approaching the bed, living beings obtain their livelihood through action, O Yudhishthira. (3-33-4)
जङ्गमेषु विशेषेण मनुष्या भरतर्षभ। इच्छन्ति कर्मणा वृत्तिमवाप्तुं प्रेत्य चेह च ॥३-३३-५॥
jaṅgameṣu viśeṣeṇa manuṣyā bharatarṣabha। icchanti karmaṇā vṛttim avāptuṃ pretya ca iha ca ॥3-33-5॥
[जङ्गमेषु (jaṅgameṣu) - among the moving beings; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially; मनुष्या (manuṣyā) - humans; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood; अवाप्तुम् (avāptum) - to obtain; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; च (ca) - and; इह (iha) - here; च (ca) - and;]
(Among the moving beings, especially humans, O bull among the Bharatas, desire by action to obtain livelihood after death and here and.)
O best of the Bharatas, among all moving beings, humans especially desire to obtain their livelihood by action, both here and after death. (3-33-5)
उत्थानमभिजानन्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत। प्रत्यक्षं फलमश्नन्ति कर्मणां लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥३-३३-६॥
utthānam abhijānanti sarvabhūtāni bhārata। pratyakṣaṃ phalam aśnanti karmaṇāṃ lokasākṣikam ॥3-33-6॥
[उत्थानम् (utthānam) - effort; अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - recognize; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - enjoy; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; लोकसाक्षिकम् (lokasākṣikam) - witnessed by the world;]
(Effort recognize all beings O Bhārata; directly fruit enjoy of actions witnessed by the world.)
O Bhārata, all beings recognize effort; they directly enjoy the fruit of actions witnessed by the world. (3-33-6)
पश्यामि स्वं समुत्थानमुपजीवन्ति जन्तवः। अपि धाता विधाता च यथायमुदके बकः ॥३-३३-७॥
paśyāmi svaṃ samutthānam upajīvanti jantavaḥ। api dhātā vidhātā ca yathāyam udake bakaḥ ॥3-33-7॥
[पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see; स्वं (svaṃ) - own; समुत्थानम् (samutthānam) - arising; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - subsist upon; जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - creatures; अपि (api) - even; धाता (dhātā) - creator; विधाता (vidhātā) - ordainer; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - just as; अयम् (ayam) - this; उदके (udake) - in water; बकः (bakaḥ) - heron;]
(I see own arising subsist upon creatures; even creator ordainer and just as this in water heron.)
I see that creatures subsist upon their own arising; even the creator and ordainer, just like this heron in the water. (3-33-7)
स्वकर्म कुरु मा ग्लासीः कर्मणा भव दंशितः। कृत्यं हि योऽभिजानाति सहस्रे नास्ति सोऽस्ति वा ॥३-३३-८॥
svakarma kuru mā glāsīḥ karmaṇā bhava daṃśitaḥ। kṛtyaṃ hi yo'bhijānāti sahasre nāsti so'sti vā ॥3-33-8॥
[स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action; कुरु (kuru) - perform; मा (mā) - do not; ग्लासीः (glāsīḥ) - become weary; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; भव (bhava) - be; दंशितः (daṃśitaḥ) - bitten; afflicted; कृत्यं (kṛtyam) - what is to be done; duty; हि (hi) - indeed; यः (yaḥ) - who; अभिजानाति (abhijānāti) - knows; सहस्रे (sahasre) - among a thousand; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; सः (saḥ) - he; अस्ति (asti) - is; वा (vā) - or;]
(Perform one's own action; do not become weary; by action be afflicted; what is to be done indeed who knows among a thousand there is not he is or.)
Perform your own duty; do not become weary; do not let yourself be afflicted by action. Indeed, among a thousand, there is hardly one who knows what ought to be done. (3-33-8)
तस्य चापि भवेत्कार्यं विवृद्धौ रक्षणे तथा। भक्ष्यमाणो ह्यनावापः क्षीयते हिमवानपि ॥३-३३-९॥
tasya cāpi bhavet kāryaṃ vivṛddhau rakṣaṇe tathā। bhakṣyamāṇo hy anāvāpaḥ kṣīyate himavān api ॥3-33-9॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; of that; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; even; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; may be; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - action; duty; task; विवृद्धौ (vivṛddhau) - in increase; in growth; रक्षणे (rakṣaṇe) - in protection; तथा (tathā) - thus; likewise; भक्ष्यमाणः (bhakṣyamāṇaḥ) - being eaten; being consumed; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; अनावापः (anāvāpaḥ) - not replenished; not refilled; क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - is diminished; is reduced; हिमवान् (himavān) - Himalaya; the snowy mountain; अपि (api) - also; even;]
(Of him and also there should be action in increase, in protection, thus. Being eaten indeed not replenished is diminished Himalaya also.)
For him too, there must be effort both in growth and in protection; for even the Himalaya, if consumed and not replenished, is diminished. (3-33-9)
उत्सीदेरन्प्रजाः सर्वा न कुर्युः कर्म चेद्यदि। अपि चाप्यफलं कर्म पश्यामः कुर्वतो जनान् ॥ नान्यथा ह्यभिजानन्ति वृत्तिं लोके कथञ्चन ॥३-३३-१०॥
utsīderan prajāḥ sarvā na kuryuḥ karma ced yadi। api ca api aphalaṃ karma paśyāmaḥ kurvataḥ janān ॥ nānyathā hi abhijānanti vṛttiṃ loke kathaṃcana ॥3-33-10॥
[उत्सीदेरन् (utsīderan) - would perish; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures; सर्वा (sarvā) - all; न (na) - not; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - would perform; कर्म (karma) - action; चेत् (cet) - if; यदि (yadi) - if; अपि (api) - even; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - even; अफलम् (aphalam) - fruitless; कर्म (karma) - action; पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see; कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - doing; जनान् (janān) - people; न (na) - not; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; हि (hi) - indeed; अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - they know; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood; लोके (loke) - in the world; कथञ्चन (kathaṃcana) - in any way;]
(Would perish creatures all not would perform action if if; even and even fruitless action we see doing people; not otherwise indeed they know livelihood in the world in any way.)
If all creatures did not perform action, they would perish; even if we see people doing fruitless actions, still, otherwise, people would not know how to maintain their livelihood in the world in any way. (3-33-10)
यश्च दिष्टपरो लोके यश्चायं हठवादकः। उभावपसदावेतौ कर्मबुद्धिः प्रशस्यते ॥३-३३-११॥
yaś ca diṣṭaparo loke yaś cāyaṃ haṭhavādakaḥ। ubhāv apasadāv etau karmabuddhiḥ praśasyate ॥3-33-11॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; दिष्टपरः (diṣṭaparaḥ) - one who depends on fate; लोके (loke) - in the world; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अयम् (ayam) - this; हठवादकः (haṭhavādakaḥ) - one who insists obstinately; उभौ (ubhau) - both; अपसदौ (apasadau) - inferior ones; एतौ (etau) - these two; कर्मबुद्धिः (karmabuddhiḥ) - one whose intellect is on action; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised;]
(Who and one who depends on fate in the world, who and this one who insists obstinately, both these two are inferior ones; one whose intellect is on action is praised.)
In this world, both the person who relies on fate and the one who insists obstinately are considered inferior; the one whose mind is set on action is praised. (3-33-11)
यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं स्वपेत्। अवसीदेत्सुदुर्बुद्धिरामो घट इवाम्भसि ॥३-३३-१२॥
yo hi diṣṭam-upāsīno nirviceṣṭaḥ sukhaṃ svapet। avasīdet sudurbuddhir āmo ghaṭa ivāmbhasi ॥3-33-12॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - fate; उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - sitting near; निर्विचेष्टः (nirviceṣṭaḥ) - inactive; सुखम् (sukham) - comfortably; स्वपेत् (svapet) - sleeps; अवसीदेत् (avasīdet) - would sink; सुदुर्बुद्धिः (sudurbuddhiḥ) - with very poor understanding; आमः (āmaḥ) - raw; घटः (ghaṭaḥ) - pot; इव (iva) - like; अम्भसि (ambhasi) - in water;]
(Who indeed, sitting near fate, inactive, comfortably sleeps, would sink, with very poor understanding, raw pot like in water.)
He who, indeed, sits idly relying on fate and sleeps comfortably without effort, would sink like a raw pot with very poor understanding in water. (3-33-12)
तथैव हठबुद्धिर्यः शक्तः कर्मण्यकर्मकृत्। आसीत न चिरं जीवेदनाथ इव दुर्बलः ॥३-३३-१३॥
tathaiva haṭhabuddhir yaḥ śaktaḥ karmaṇy akarmakṛt। āsīta na ciraṃ jīved anātha iva durbalaḥ ॥3-33-13॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; thus; हठबुद्धिः (haṭhabuddhiḥ) - one with obstinate mind; यः (yaḥ) - who; शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable; able; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; in work; अकर्मकृत् (akarmakṛt) - not performing action; आसीत् (āsīt) - would remain; would be; न (na) - not; चिरम् (ciram) - for long; for a long time; जीवेत् (jīvet) - would live; अनाथ (anātha) - without protector; इव (iva) - like; as if; दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak; feeble;]
(In the same way, one with obstinate mind who is capable, not performing action in work, would remain, would not live for long, like a weak person without protector.)
Likewise, a person of obstinate mind, though capable, who does not act in his duties, would not live long, just like a weak person without a protector. (3-33-13)
अकस्मादपि यः कश्चिदर्थं प्राप्नोति पूरुषः। तं हठेनेति मन्यन्ते स हि यत्नो न कस्यचित् ॥३-३३-१४॥
akasmād api yaḥ kaścid arthaṃ prāpnoti pūruṣaḥ। taṃ haṭheneti manyante sa hi yatno na kasyacit ॥3-33-14॥
[अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - from nowhere; अपि (api) - even; यः (yaḥ) - who; कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone; अर्थम् (artham) - object; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - man; तं (taṃ) - him; हठेन (haṭhena) - by force; इति (iti) - thus; मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they think; सः (saḥ) - that; हि (hi) - indeed; यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort; न (na) - not; कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone;]
(Even from nowhere who someone object attains man; him by force thus they think; that indeed effort not of anyone.)
If a man attains some object even from nowhere, people think he has obtained it by force; for that is not anyone's effort. (3-33-14)
यच्चापि किञ्चित्पुरुषो दिष्टं नाम लभत्युत। दैवेन विधिना पार्थ तद्दैवमिति निश्चितम् ॥३-३३-१५॥
yaccāpi kiñcit puruṣo diṣṭaṃ nāma labhaty uta। daivena vidhinā pārtha tad daivam iti niścitam ॥3-33-15॥
[यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - fate-allotted; नाम (nāma) - so-called; लभते (labhate) - obtains; उत (uta) - indeed; दैवेन (daivena) - by destiny; विधिना (vidhinā) - by ordinance; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; तत् (tat) - that; दैवम् (daivam) - destined; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चितम् (niścitam) - ascertained;]
(Which and also anything man fate-allotted so-called obtains indeed, by destiny by ordinance, O Pārtha, that destined thus ascertained.)
O Pārtha, whatever so-called fate-allotted thing a man obtains, know for certain that it is destined by the ordinance of destiny. (3-33-15)
यत्स्वयं कर्मणा किञ्चित्फलमाप्नोति पूरुषः। प्रत्यक्षं चक्षुषा दृष्टं तत्पौरुषमिति स्मृतम् ॥३-३३-१६॥
yatsvayaṃ karmaṇā kiñcit phalam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ। pratyakṣaṃ cakṣuṣā dṛṣṭaṃ tat pauruṣam iti smṛtam॥3-33-16॥
[यत् (yat) - which; स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - some; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - person; प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly; चक्षुषा (cakṣuṣā) - by the eye; दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen; तत् (tat) - that; पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - manliness; इति (iti) - thus; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered;]
(Which oneself by action some fruit obtains person, directly by the eye seen, that manliness thus is remembered.)
Whatever fruit a person obtains by his own actions, which is directly seen by the eye, that is remembered as 'manliness'. (3-33-16)
स्वभावतः प्रवृत्तोऽन्यः प्राप्नोत्यर्थानकारणात्। तत्स्वभावात्मकं विद्धि फलं पुरुषसत्तम ॥३-३३-१७॥
svabhāvataḥ pravṛtto'nyaḥ prāpnotyarthānakāraṇāt। tatsvabhāvātmakaṃ viddhi phalaṃ puruṣasattama ॥3-33-17॥
[स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - from one's own nature; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects; अकारणात् (akāraṇāt) - without cause; तत् (tat) - that; स्वभावात्मकं (svabhāvātmakaṃ) - of the nature of one's own disposition; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; फलं (phalaṃ) - result; पुरुषसत्तम (puruṣasattama) - O best of men;]
(From one's own nature, another engaged obtains objects without cause. That, of the nature of one's own disposition, know as the result, O best of men.)
O best of men, know that the result obtained by another, who acts according to his own nature and attains objects without any apparent cause, is indeed the outcome of his inherent disposition. (3-33-17)
एवं हठाच्च दैवाच्च स्वभावात्कर्मणस्तथा। यानि प्राप्नोति पुरुषस्तत्फलं पूर्वकर्मणः ॥३-३३-१८॥
evaṁ haṭhāc ca daivāc ca svabhāvāt karmaṇaḥ tathā। yāni prāpnoti puruṣas tat phalaṁ pūrvakarmaṇaḥ ॥3-33-18॥
[एवं (evaṁ) - thus; हठात् (haṭhāt) - by force; च (ca) - and; दैवात् (daivāt) - by fate; च (ca) - and; स्वभावात् (svabhāvāt) - by one's own nature; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; तथा (tathā) - also; यानि (yāni) - which; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; तत् (tat) - that; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; पूर्वकर्मणः (pūrvakarmaṇaḥ) - of previous action;]
(Thus by force and by fate and by one's own nature, also of action, which a person obtains, that fruit is of previous action.)
Thus, by force, by fate, and by one's own nature, whatever actions a person performs, the results of those are the fruits of previous actions. (3-33-18)
धातापि हि स्वकर्मैव तैस्तैर्हेतुभिरीश्वरः। विदधाति विभज्येह फलं पूर्वकृतं नृणाम् ॥३-३३-१९॥
dhātāpi hi svakarmaiva taistairhetubhirīśvaraḥ। vidadhāti vibhajya iha phalaṃ pūrvakṛtaṃ nṛṇām ॥3-33-19॥
[धाता (dhātā) - the creator; अपि (api) - even; हि (hi) - indeed; स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action; एव (eva) - only; तैः तैः (taiḥ taiḥ) - by those various; हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by causes; ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the Lord; विदधाति (vidadhāti) - distributes; विभज्य (vibhajya) - having divided; इह (iha) - here; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; पूर्वकृतं (pūrvakṛtam) - previously done; नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men;]
(The creator indeed only by one's own action, by those various causes, the Lord distributes, having divided here, the fruit previously done of men.)
Indeed, the creator, the Lord, apportions here the results of men's previous actions, dividing them according to their own deeds and the various causes. (3-33-19)
यद्ध्ययं पुरुषः किञ्चित्कुरुते वै शुभाशुभम्। तद्धातृविहितं विद्धि पूर्वकर्मफलोदयम् ॥३-३३-२०॥
yaddhy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ kiñcit kurute vai śubhāśubham। tad dhātṛvihitaṃ viddhi pūrvakarmaphalodayam ॥3-33-20॥
[यत् (yat) - which; हि (hi) - indeed; अयम् (ayam) - this; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; कुरुते (kurute) - does; वै (vai) - truly; शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - auspicious or inauspicious; तत् (tat) - that; धातृविहितम् (dhātṛvihitam) - ordained by the creator; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; पूर्वकर्मफलोदयम् (pūrvakarmaphalodayam) - arising from the fruit of previous actions;]
(Which indeed this person does anything truly auspicious or inauspicious, that know as ordained by the creator, arising from the fruit of previous actions.)
Whatever actions, good or bad, this person indeed performs, know that to be ordained by the creator and arising from the results of previous deeds. (3-33-20)
कारणं तस्य देहोऽयं धातुः कर्मणि कर्मणि। स यथा प्रेरयत्येनं तथायं कुरुतेऽवशः ॥३-३३-२१॥
kāraṇaṃ tasya deho'yaṃ dhātuḥ karmaṇi karmaṇi। sa yathā prerayat yenaṃ tathāyaṃ kurute'vaśaḥ ॥3-33-21॥
[कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause; reason; तस्य (tasya) - of him; his; देहः (dehaḥ) - body; अयम् (ayam) - this; धातुः (dhātuḥ) - element; constituent; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; in deed; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; in deed; सः (saḥ) - he; यथा (yathā) - as; just as; प्रेरयति (prerayati) - impels; sets in motion; एनम् (enam) - him; this one; तथा (tathā) - so; in that way; अयम् (ayam) - this; कुरुते (kurute) - does; acts; अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless; not independent;]
(The cause of him is this body, the element in action, in action. He, just as impels him, so this one acts helpless.)
The cause for him is this body, which is the element involved in action after action. Just as it is impelled, so does this one act helplessly. (3-33-21)
तेषु तेषु हि कृत्येषु विनियोक्ता महेश्वरः। सर्वभूतानि कौन्तेय कारयत्यवशान्यपि ॥३-३३-२२॥
teṣu teṣu hi kṛtyeṣu viniyoktā maheśvaraḥ। sarvabhūtāni kaunteya kārayaty avaśāny api ॥3-33-22॥
[तेषु (teṣu) - in those; तेषु (teṣu) - in those; हि (hi) - indeed; कृत्येषु (kṛtyeṣu) - in actions to be done; विनियोक्ता (viniyoktā) - the assigner; महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - the great lord; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; कारयति (kārayati) - causes to act; अवशानि (avaśāni) - those without independence; अपि (api) - even;]
(In those, in those indeed, in actions to be done, the assigner, the great lord, all beings, O son of Kunti, causes to act, those without independence, even.)
O son of Kunti, the great lord, who is the assigner, indeed causes all beings, even those without independence, to act in those various actions to be done. (3-33-22)
मनसार्थान्विनिश्चित्य पश्चात्प्राप्नोति कर्मणा। बुद्धिपूर्वं स्वयं धीरः पुरुषस्तत्र कारणम् ॥३-३३-२३॥
manasārthān viniścitya paścāt prāpnoti karmaṇā। buddhipūrvaṃ svayaṃ dhīraḥ puruṣas tatra kāraṇam ॥3-33-23॥
[मनसा (manasā) - by the mind; अर्थान् (arthān) - objects; विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having ascertained; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; बुद्धिपूर्वं (buddhipūrvam) - preceded by intellect; स्वयं (svayam) - oneself; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - the wise; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; तत्र (tatra) - there; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause;]
(By the mind, having ascertained objects, afterwards obtains by action; preceded by intellect, oneself, the wise person is there the cause.)
A wise person first ascertains objects by the mind, then later attains them through action; with intellect as the forerunner, he himself is the cause there. (3-33-23)
सङ्ख्यातुं नैव शक्यानि कर्माणि पुरुषर्षभ। अगारनगराणां हि सिद्धिः पुरुषहैतुकी ॥३-३३-२४॥
saṅkhyātuṃ naiva śakyāni karmāṇi puruṣarṣabha। agāranagarāṇāṃ hi siddhiḥ puruṣahaitukī ॥3-33-24॥
[सङ्ख्यातुम् (saṅkhyātum) - to enumerate; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; शक्यानि (śakyāni) - possible; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best of men; अगारनगराणाम् (agāranagarāṇām) - of houses and cities; हि (hi) - indeed; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; पुरुषहैतुकी (puruṣahaitukī) - caused by man;]
(To enumerate not indeed possible actions O best of men. Of houses and cities indeed success caused by man.)
O best of men, it is not possible to enumerate all actions. The success of houses and cities indeed depends on human effort. (3-33-24)
तिले तैलं गवि क्षीरं काष्ठे पावकमन्ततः। धिया धीरो विजानीयादुपायं चास्य सिद्धये ॥३-३३-२५॥
tile tailaṁ gavi kṣīraṁ kāṣṭhe pāvakam-antataḥ। dhiyā dhīraḥ vijānīyād-upāyaṁ ca asya siddhaye ॥3-33-25॥
[तिले (tile) - in sesame seed; तैलं (tailaṁ) - oil; गवि (gavi) - in cow; क्षीरं (kṣīraṁ) - milk; काष्ठे (kāṣṭhe) - in wood; पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire; अन्ततः (antataḥ) - within; धिया (dhiyā) - by intelligence; धीरो (dhīraḥ) - the wise; विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - should know; उपायं (upāyaṁ) - means; च (ca) - and; अस्य (asya) - of this; सिद्धये (siddhaye) - for accomplishment;]
(In sesame seed, oil; in cow, milk; in wood, fire within; by intelligence, the wise should know the means also for its accomplishment.)
Just as oil is in sesame seed, milk in the cow, and fire within wood, so too, by intelligence, the wise should discern the means for accomplishing this. (3-33-25)
ततः प्रवर्तते पश्चात्करणेष्वस्य सिद्धये। तां सिद्धिमुपजीवन्ति कर्मणामिह जन्तवः ॥३-३३-२६॥
tataḥ pravartate paścātkaraṇeṣv asya siddhaye। tāṃ siddhim upajīvanti karmaṇām iha jantavaḥ ॥3-33-26॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - from that; then; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds; sets in motion; पश्चात् (paścāt) - after; afterwards; करणेषु (karaṇeṣu) - in the instruments; in the senses; अस्य (asya) - of this; his; सिद्धये (siddhaye) - for accomplishment; for attainment; तां (tāṃ) - that (feminine); सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - accomplishment; attainment; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - subsist upon; live by; कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions; of deeds; इह (iha) - here; in this world; जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - creatures; living beings;]
(Then proceeds afterwards in the instruments for the accomplishment of this. That accomplishment living beings here subsist upon of actions.)
Then, afterwards, it proceeds into the senses for the accomplishment of this; living beings here subsist upon that accomplishment of actions. (3-33-26)
कुशलेन कृतं कर्म कर्त्रा साधु विनिश्चितम्। इदं त्वकुशलेनेति विशेषादुपलभ्यते ॥३-३३-२७॥
kuśalena kṛtaṃ karma kartrā sādhu viniścitam। idaṃ tvakuśaleneti viśeṣādupalabhyate ॥3-33-27॥
[कुशलेन (kuśalena) - by the skillful one; कृतं (kṛtam) - done; कर्म (karma) - action; कर्त्रा (kartrā) - by the doer; साधु (sādhu) - well; विनिश्चितम् (viniścitam) - ascertained; इदं (idaṃ) - this; तु (tu) - but; अकुशलेन (akuśalena) - by the unskillful one; इति (iti) - thus; विशेषात् (viśeṣāt) - especially; उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived;]
(Action done by the skillful one is well ascertained by the doer; but this, by the unskillful one, thus, is especially perceived.)
An action performed by a skillful person is properly determined by the doer; but this is especially recognized as being done by an unskillful person. (3-33-27)
इष्टापूर्तफलं न स्यान्न शिष्यो न गुरुर्भवेत्। पुरुषः कर्मसाध्येषु स्याच्चेदयमकारणम् ॥३-३३-२८॥
iṣṭāpūrta-phalaṃ na syān na śiṣyo na gurur bhavet। puruṣaḥ karma-sādhyeṣu syāc ced ayam akāraṇam ॥3-33-28॥
[इष्टापूर्तफलं (iṣṭāpūrta-phalaṃ) - the fruit of iṣṭa and pūrta; (iṣṭa: sacrifices; pūrta: charitable works; phala: fruit;) न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; न (na) - not; शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple; न (na) - not; गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; कर्मसाध्येषु (karma-sādhyeṣu) - in those accomplished by action; (karma: action; sādhya: to be accomplished; -ṣu: in;) स्यात् (syāt) - would be; चेत् (cet) - if; अयम् (ayam) - this; अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without cause;]
(The fruit of iṣṭa and pūrta would not be, nor would there be disciple nor teacher; man would not exist among those accomplished by action, if this were causeless.)
If there were no cause, then the fruits of sacrifices and charitable works would not exist, nor would there be disciple or teacher; a man would not exist among things accomplished by action. (3-33-28)
कर्तृत्वादेव पुरुषः कर्मसिद्धौ प्रशस्यते। असिद्धौ निन्द्यते चापि कर्मनाशः कथं त्विह ॥३-३३-२९॥
kartṛtvādeva puruṣaḥ karmasiddhau praśasyate। asiddhau nindyate cāpi karmanāśaḥ kathaṃ tv iha ॥3-33-29॥
[कर्तृत्वात् (kartṛtvāt) - from agency; एव (eva) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; कर्मसिद्धौ (karmasiddhau) - in accomplishment of action; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; असिद्धौ (asiddhau) - in non-accomplishment; निन्द्यते (nindyate) - is blamed; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; कर्मनाशः (karmanāśaḥ) - destruction of action; कथम् (katham) - how; तु (tu) - but; इह (iha) - here;]
(From agency indeed man in accomplishment of action is praised; in non-accomplishment is blamed and also destruction of action how but here.)
It is because of agency alone that a man is praised for the accomplishment of action; in case of non-accomplishment, he is blamed, and also, how can there be destruction of action here? (3-33-29)
सर्वमेव हठेनैके दिष्टेनैके वदन्त्युत। पुरुषप्रयत्नजं केचित्त्रैधमेतन्निरुच्यते ॥३-३३-३०॥
sarvameva haṭhenaike diṣṭenaike vadantyuta। puruṣaprayatnajaṃ kecittraidhametannirucyate ॥3-33-30॥
[सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; हठेन (haṭhena) - by force; by obstinacy; एके (eke) - some; certain people; दिष्टेन (diṣṭena) - by fate; by destiny; एके (eke) - some; certain people; वदन्ति (vadanti) - say; speak; उत (uta) - and; also; पुरुष (puruṣa) - man; person; प्रयत्नजम् (prayatnajaṃ) - arising from effort; produced by exertion; केचित् (kecit) - some; certain ones; त्रैधम् (traidham) - threefold; in three ways; एतत् (etat) - this; निरुच्यते (nirucyate) - is explained; is described;]
(All indeed some say by force, some by fate, and some say it arises from human effort; this is explained in three ways.)
Some say that everything happens by force, some say by fate, and some say it is due to human effort; thus, this is explained in three ways. (3-33-30)
न चैवैतावता कार्यं मन्यन्त इति चापरे। अस्ति सर्वमदृश्यं तु दिष्टं चैव तथा हठः ॥ दृश्यते हि हठाच्चैव दिष्टाच्चार्थस्य सन्ततिः ॥३-३३-३१॥
na caiva etāvatā kāryaṃ manyanta iti ca apare। asti sarvam adṛśyaṃ tu diṣṭaṃ caiva tathā haṭhaḥ ॥ dṛśyate hi haṭhāc caiva diṣṭāc ca arthasya santatiḥ ॥3-33-31॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; एतावता (etāvatā) - by this much; कार्यं (kāryaṃ) - action; मन्यन्त (manyanta) - they think; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; अपरे (apare) - others; अस्ति (asti) - there is; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; अदृश्यं (adṛśyaṃ) - unseen; तु (tu) - but; दिष्टं (diṣṭaṃ) - fate; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - so; हठः (haṭhaḥ) - force; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; हि (hi) - indeed; हठात् (haṭhāt) - from force; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दिष्टात् (diṣṭāt) - from fate; च (ca) - and; अर्थस्य (arthasya) - of the result; सन्ततिः (santatiḥ) - continuity;]
(not and indeed by this much action they think thus and others; there is all unseen but fate and indeed so force; is seen indeed from force and indeed from fate and of the result continuity;)
Some do not think that action alone is everything; others say that all is unseen, but fate and force are also so. Indeed, the continuity of results is seen both from force and from fate. (3-33-31)
किञ्चिद्दैवाद्धठात्किञ्चित्किञ्चिदेव स्वकर्मतः। पुरुषः फलमाप्नोति चतुर्थं नात्र कारणम् ॥ कुशलाः प्रतिजानन्ति ये तत्त्वविदुषो जनाः ॥३-३३-३२॥
kiñcid daivād dhaṭhāt kiñcit kiñcid eva svakarmataḥ। puruṣaḥ phalam āpnoti caturthaṃ na atra kāraṇam॥ kuśalāḥ pratijānanti ye tattvaviduṣaḥ janāḥ॥3-33-32॥
[किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - a little; दैवाद् (daivāt) - by fate; ढठात् (dhaṭhāt) - by effort; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - a little; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - a little; एव (eva) - indeed; स्वकर्मतः (svakarmataḥ) - from one's own action; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains; चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - the fourth; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause; कुशलाः (kuśalāḥ) - the skilled; प्रतिजानन्ति (pratijānanti) - declare; ये (ye) - who; तत्त्वविदुषः (tattvaviduṣaḥ) - knowers of truth; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(A little by fate, a little by effort, a little indeed from one's own action, a person obtains the fruit; the fourth (factor) is not a cause here. The skilled, who are knowers of truth, declare (this). (3-33-32))
A person attains results partly by fate, partly by effort, and partly by their own actions; there is no fourth cause here. This is declared by the skilled people who know the truth. (3-33-32)
तथैव धाता भूतानामिष्टानिष्टफलप्रदः। यदि न स्यान्न भूतानां कृपणो नाम कश्चन ॥३-३३-३३॥
tathaiva dhātā bhūtānāmiṣṭāniṣṭaphalapradaḥ। yadi na syānna bhūtānāṃ kṛpaṇo nāma kaścana॥3-33-33॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; thus; just so; धाता (dhātā) - the supporter; the sustainer; the creator; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; इष्ट (iṣṭa) - desired; pleasing; अनिष्ट (aniṣṭa) - undesired; unpleasant; फल (phala) - fruit; result; प्रदः (pradaḥ) - giver; bestower; यदि (yadi) - if; न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; न (na) - not; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; कृपणः (kṛpaṇaḥ) - miserable; pitiable; नाम (nāma) - by name; called; कश्चन (kaścana) - anyone; any;]
(In the same way, the supporter of beings is the giver of desired and undesired fruits. If he were not, then among beings, there would not be anyone called miserable.)
In the same way, the sustainer of beings gives both desired and undesired results. If this were not so, then among beings, there would be no one known as miserable. (3-33-33)
यं यमर्थमभिप्रेप्सुः कुरुते कर्म पूरुषः। तत्तत्सफलमेव स्याद्यदि न स्यात्पुराकृतम् ॥३-३३-३४॥
yaṃ yam artham abhiprepsuḥ kurute karma pūruṣaḥ। tat tat saphalam eva syād yadi na syāt purākṛtam ॥3-33-34॥
[यं (yaṃ) - which; यम् (yam) - which; अर्थम् (artham) - object; अभिप्रेप्सुः (abhiprepsuḥ) - desiring; कुरुते (kurute) - does; कर्म (karma) - action; पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - person; तत्तत् (tat tat) - that very; सफलम् (saphalam) - fruitful; एव (eva) - indeed; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; यदि (yadi) - if; न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; पुराकृतम् (purākṛtam) - done previously;]
(Which, whichever object desiring does action person, that very fruitful indeed would be if not would be done previously.)
Whatever object a person desires and acts for, that very thing would indeed bear fruit, if it had not already been accomplished previously. (3-33-34)
त्रिद्वारामर्थसिद्धिं तु नानुपश्यन्ति ये नराः। तथैवानर्थसिद्धिं च यथा लोकास्तथैव ते ॥३-३३-३५॥
tridvārām arthasiddhiṃ tu nānupaśyanti ye narāḥ। tathaivānarthasiddhiṃ ca yathā lokās tathaiva te ॥3-33-35॥
[त्रि (tri) - three; द्वाराम् (dvārām) - doors; अर्थसिद्धिं (arthasiddhiṃ) - attainment of purpose; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; अनुपश्यन्ति (anupaśyanti) - perceive; ये (ye) - who; नराः (narāḥ) - men; तथा (tathā) - likewise; एव (eva) - indeed; अनर्थसिद्धिं (anarthasiddhiṃ) - attainment of misfortune; च (ca) - and; यथा (yathā) - as; लोकाः (lokāḥ) - people; तथा (tathā) - so; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - they;]
(But the men who do not perceive the attainment of purpose through the three doors, likewise indeed the attainment of misfortune and as people, so indeed they.)
But those men who do not recognize the attainment of purpose through the three doors, likewise attain misfortune; just as the people (do), so do they. (3-33-35)
कर्तव्यं त्वेव कर्मेति मनोरेष विनिश्चयः। एकान्तेन ह्यनीहोऽयं पराभवति पूरुषः ॥३-३३-३६॥
kartavyaṁ tveva karmeti manoreṣa viniścayaḥ। ekāntena hyanīho'yaṁ parābhavati pūruṣaḥ ॥3-33-36॥
[कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṁ) - to be done; तु (tu) - but; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्म (karma) - action; इति (iti) - thus; मनोः (manoḥ) - of the mind; एष (eṣa) - this; विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - decision; एकान्तेन (ekāntena) - absolutely; हि (hi) - indeed; अनीहः (anīhaḥ) - inactive; अयम् (ayam) - this; पराभवति (parābhavati) - is defeated; पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - man;]
(To be done but indeed action thus of the mind this decision; absolutely indeed inactive this is defeated man;)
The mind's decision is: 'Action is indeed to be done.' For a man who is absolutely inactive is surely defeated. (3-33-36)
कुर्वतो हि भवत्येव प्रायेणेह युधिष्ठिर। एकान्तफलसिद्धिं तु न विन्दत्यलसः क्वचित् ॥३-३३-३७॥
kurvato hi bhavatyeva prāyeṇeha yudhiṣṭhira। ekāntaphalasiddhiṃ tu na vindatyalasaḥ kvacit ॥3-33-37॥
[कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of one who acts; हि (hi) - indeed; भवति (bhavati) - happens; एव (eva) - certainly; प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - generally; इह (iha) - here; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; एकान्तफलसिद्धिम् (ekāntaphalasiddhim) - attainment of definite result; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; विन्दति (vindati) - obtains; अलसः (alasaḥ) - the lazy one; क्वचित् (kvacit) - at any time;]
(Of one who acts, indeed, it certainly happens generally here, O Yudhiṣṭhira; but attainment of definite result, the lazy one does not obtain at any time.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, for one who acts, success generally occurs here; but the lazy person never attains definite results. (3-33-37)
असम्भवे त्वस्य हेतुः प्रायश्चित्तं तु लक्ष्यते। कृते कर्मणि राजेन्द्र तथानृण्यमवाप्यते ॥३-३३-३८॥
asambhave tvasya hetuḥ prāyaścittaṃ tu lakṣyate। kṛte karmaṇi rājendra tathānṛṇyam avāpyate ॥3-33-38॥
[असम्भवे (asambhave) - in the impossibility; तु (tu) - but; अस्य (asya) - of this; हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause; प्रायश्चित्तं (prāyaścittam) - expiation; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is prescribed; कृते (kṛte) - when done; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in the act; राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king; तथा (tathā) - thus; अनृण्यम् (anṛṇyam) - freedom from debt; अवाप्यते (avāpyate) - is attained;]
(In the impossibility, but, of this, cause, expiation, is prescribed. When the act is done, O king, thus, freedom from debt, is attained.)
But when it is impossible, O king, the cause for this is that expiation is prescribed; when the act is performed, thus freedom from debt is attained. (3-33-38)
अलक्ष्मीराविशत्येनं शयानमलसं नरम्। निःसंशयं फलं लब्ध्वा दक्षो भूतिमुपाश्नुते ॥३-३३-३९॥
alakṣmīr āviśaty enaṃ śayānam alasaṃ naram। niḥsaṃśayaṃ phalaṃ labdhvā dakṣo bhūtim upāśnute ॥3-33-39॥
[अलक्ष्मीः (alakṣmīḥ) - misfortune; आविशति (āviśati) - enters; एनम् (enam) - him; शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down; अलसं (alasaṃ) - lazy; नरम् (naram) - man; निःसंशयम् (niḥsaṃśayam) - without doubt; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - the diligent; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - enjoys;]
(Misfortune enters him, the man lying down, lazy. Without doubt, having obtained the fruit, the diligent enjoys prosperity.)
Misfortune befalls a man who lies down in laziness. Without doubt, the diligent one, having attained the result, enjoys prosperity. (3-33-39)
अनर्थं संशयावस्थं वृण्वते मुक्तसंशयाः। धीरा नराः कर्मरता न तु निःसंशयं क्वचित् ॥३-३३-४०॥
anarthaṃ saṃśayāvasthaṃ vṛṇvate muktasaṃśayāḥ। dhīrā narāḥ karmaratā na tu niḥsaṃśayaṃ kvacit ॥3-33-40॥
[अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune; संशय-अवस्थम् (saṃśaya-avastham) - state of doubt; वृण्वते (vṛṇvate) - choose; मुक्त-संशयाः (mukta-saṃśayāḥ) - those freed from doubt; धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast; नराः (narāḥ) - men; कर्म-रताः (karma-ratāḥ) - engaged in action; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; निःसंशयम् (niḥsaṃśayam) - without doubt; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere;]
(Those freed from doubt do not choose misfortune, the state of doubt; steadfast men engaged in action, but not without doubt, anywhere.)
Those who are free from doubt do not choose misfortune or a state of doubt; steadfast men engaged in action are never entirely without doubt anywhere. (3-33-40)
एकान्तेन ह्यनर्थोऽयं वर्ततेऽस्मासु साम्प्रतम्। न तु निःसंशयं न स्यात्त्वयि कर्मण्यवस्थिते ॥३-३३-४१॥
ekāntena hy anartho'yaṃ vartate'smāsu sāmpratam। na tu niḥsaṃśayaṃ na syāt tvayi karmaṇy avasthite ॥3-33-41॥
[एकान्तेन (ekāntena) - exclusively; definitely; thoroughly; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - misfortune; calamity; अयम् (ayam) - this; वर्तते (vartate) - exists; is present; अस्मासु (asmāsu) - among us; in us; साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - at present; now; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; निःसंशयम् (niḥsaṃśayam) - without doubt; certainly; न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; would occur; त्वयि (tvayi) - in you; upon you; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action; in duty; अवस्थिते (avasthite) - being steadfast; being established;]
(Exclusively indeed misfortune this exists among us at present. But without doubt not would be in you being steadfast in action.)
This misfortune exists solely among us at present. But without doubt, it would not occur if you were steadfast in your duty. (3-33-41)
अथ वा सिद्धिरेव स्यान्महिमा तु तथैव ते। वृकोदरस्य बीभत्सोर्भ्रात्रोश्च यमयोरपि ॥३-३३-४२॥
atha vā siddhireva syān mahimā tu tathaiva te। vṛkodarasya bībhatsor bhrātroś ca yamayor api ॥3-33-42॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; वा (vā) - or; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; accomplishment; एव (eva) - indeed; only; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; might be; महिमा (mahimā) - greatness; glory; तु (tu) - but; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; likewise; ते (te) - your; of you; वृकोदरस्य (vṛkodarasya) - of Vṛkodara (Bhīma); बीभत्सोः (bībhatsor) - of Bībhatsu (Arjuna); भ्रात्रोः (bhrātroḥ) - of the two brothers; च (ca) - and; यमयोः (yamayoḥ) - of the two sons of Yama (Nakula and Sahadeva); अपि (api) - also;]
(Now or success indeed may be; greatness but just so of you; of Vṛkodara, of Bībhatsu, of the two brothers and of the two sons of Yama also.)
Now, it may be that success itself is yours; but greatness is likewise yours, as also of Vṛkodara, Bībhatsu, the two brothers, and the sons of Yama. (3-33-42)
अन्येषां कर्म सफलमस्माकमपि वा पुनः। विप्रकर्षेण बुध्येत कृतकर्मा यथा फलम् ॥३-३३-४३॥
anyeṣāṃ karma saphalam asmākam api vā punaḥ। viprakārṣeṇa budhyeta kṛtakarmā yathā phalam ॥3-33-43॥
[अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others; कर्म (karma) - action; सफलम् (saphalam) - fruitful; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us; अपि (api) - also; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; विप्रकर्षेण (viprakārṣeṇa) - by separation; बुध्येत (budhyeta) - should understand; कृतकर्मा (kṛtakarmā) - one who has performed action; यथा (yathā) - as; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
(Of others action fruitful, of us also or again; by separation should understand, one who has performed action as fruit.)
One should discern, by distinction, whether the actions of others or our own are fruitful or not; just as one who has performed an action understands its result. (3-33-43)
पृथिवीं लाङ्गलेनैव भित्त्वा बीजं वपत्युत। आस्तेऽथ कर्षकस्तूष्णीं पर्जन्यस्तत्र कारणम् ॥३-३३-४४॥
pṛthivīṃ lāṅgalenaiva bhittvā bījaṃ vapatyuta। āste'tha karṣakastūṣṇīṃ parjanyastatra kāraṇam ॥3-33-44॥
[पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṃ) - earth (accusative singular); लाङ्गलेन (lāṅgalena) - by the plough; एव (eva) - indeed; भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having broken; बीजं (bījaṃ) - seed (accusative singular); वपति (vapati) - sows; उत (uta) - and; आस्ते (āste) - remains; अथ (atha) - then; कर्षकः (karṣakaḥ) - the ploughman; तूष्णीं (tūṣṇīṃ) - in silence; पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain (cloud); तत्र (tatra) - there; कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause;]
(Having broken the earth indeed by the plough, he sows the seed and remains; then the ploughman in silence, rain there (is) the cause.)
Having broken the earth with the plough, the ploughman sows the seed and then waits in silence; there, rain is the cause. (3-33-44)
वृष्टिश्चेन्नानुगृह्णीयादनेनास्तत्र कर्षकः। यदन्यः पुरुषः कुर्यात्कृतं तत्सकलं मया ॥३-३३-४५॥
vṛṣṭiś cen nānugṛhṇīyād anenāsta tra karṣakaḥ। yad anyaḥ puruṣaḥ kuryāt kṛtaṃ tat sakalaṃ mayā॥3-33-45॥
[वृष्टिः (vṛṣṭiḥ) - rain; चेत् (cet) - if; न (na) - not; अनुगृह्णीयात् (anugṛhṇīyāt) - would favor; अनेन (anena) - by this; अस्त (asta) - there is; त्र (tra) - there; कर्षकः (karṣakaḥ) - farmer; यत् (yat) - what; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do; कृतम् (kṛtam) - done; तत् (tat) - that; सकलम् (sakalaṃ) - all; मया (mayā) - by me;]
(Rain if not would favor by this, there is there farmer. What other person would do, done that all by me. (3-33-45))
If rain does not favor him, there is no farmer there. Whatever another person may do, all that is done by me. (3-33-45)
तच्चेदफलमस्माकं नापराधोऽस्ति नः क्वचित्। इति धीरोऽन्ववेक्ष्यैव नात्मानं तत्र गर्हयेत् ॥३-३३-४६॥
tac ced phalam asmākaṃ nāparādho'sti naḥ kvacit। iti dhīro'nvavekṣyaiva nātmānaṃ tatra garhayet ॥3-33-46॥
[तत् (tat) - that; चेत् (cet) - if; फलम् (phalam) - result; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; न (na) - not; अपराधः (aparādhaḥ) - fault; अस्ति (asti) - is; नः (naḥ) - of us; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; इति (iti) - thus; धीः (dhīḥ) - wise; रः (raḥ) - person; अन्ववेक्ष्य (anvavekṣya) - having examined; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself; तत्र (tatra) - there; गर्हयेत् (garhayet) - should blame;]
(That if the result is ours, not fault is of us anywhere; thus the wise person, having examined indeed, should not blame oneself there;)
If the result is ours, and there is no fault of ours anywhere, then, having examined thus, the wise person should not blame himself there. (3-33-46)
कुर्वतो नार्थसिद्धिर्मे भवतीति ह भारत। निर्वेदो नात्र गन्तव्यो द्वावेतौ ह्यस्य कर्मणः ॥ सिद्धिर्वाप्यथ वासिद्धिरप्रवृत्तिरतोऽन्यथा ॥३-३३-४७॥
kurvato nārthasiddhir me bhavatīti ha bhārata। nirvedo nātra gantavyo dvāvetau hy asya karmaṇaḥ ॥ siddhir vāpy atha vā siddhir apravṛttir ato'nyathā ॥3-33-47॥
[कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of one acting; न (na) - not; अर्थसिद्धिः (arthasiddhiḥ) - attainment of purpose; मे (me) - to me; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; इति (iti) - thus; ह (ha) - indeed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; निर्वेदः (nirvedaḥ) - despondency; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; गन्तव्यः (gantavyaḥ) - to be gone; द्वौ (dvau) - two; एतौ (etau) - these; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - of this; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अथ (atha) - or; वा (vā) - or; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success; अप्रवृत्तिः (apravṛttiḥ) - non-commencement; अतः (ataḥ) - from this; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise;]
(Of one acting, not attainment of purpose to me becomes thus indeed, O Bhārata. Despondency not here to be gone; two these indeed of this action: success or even or success, non-commencement from this otherwise.)
O Bhārata, thinking 'I do not attain my purpose by acting,' one should not fall into despondency here; for there are only two outcomes of action: success or failure, or otherwise, non-commencement. (3-33-47)
बहूनां समवाये हि भावानां कर्म सिध्यति। गुणाभावे फलं न्यूनं भवत्यफलमेव वा ॥ अनारम्भे तु न फलं न गुणो दृश्यतेऽच्युत ॥३-३३-४८॥
bahūnāṃ samavāye hi bhāvānāṃ karma sidhyati। guṇābhāve phalaṃ nyūnaṃ bhavatyaphalameva vā ॥ anārambhe tu na phalaṃ na guṇo dṛśyate'cyuta ॥3-33-48॥
[बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many; समवाये (samavāye) - in the coming together; हि (hi) - indeed; भावानाम् (bhāvānām) - of entities; कर्म (karma) - action; सिध्यति (sidhyati) - is accomplished; गुण-अभावे (guṇa-abhāve) - in the absence of qualities; फलम् (phalam) - result; न्यूनम् (nyūnam) - deficient; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अफलम्-एव (aphalam-eva) - fruitless indeed; वा (vā) - or; अनारम्भे (anārambhe) - in the absence of undertaking; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; फलम् (phalam) - result; न (na) - not; गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; अच्युत (acyuta) - O Acyuta;]
(Of many, in the coming together indeed, of entities, action is accomplished. In the absence of qualities, the result becomes deficient or indeed fruitless. In the absence of undertaking, but, not result, not quality is seen, O Acyuta. (3-33-48))
Action is accomplished only by the coming together of many entities. If qualities are absent, the result is deficient or even fruitless. But if there is no undertaking, O Acyuta, neither result nor quality is seen. (3-33-48)
देशकालावुपायांश्च मङ्गलं स्वस्ति वृद्धये। युनक्ति मेधया धीरो यथाशक्ति यथाबलम् ॥३-३३-४९॥
deśakālāvupāyāṁś ca maṅgalaṁ svasti vṛddhaye। yunakti medhayā dhīro yathāśakti yathābalam ॥3-33-49॥
[देश (deśa) - place; काल (kāla) - time; उपायान् (upāyān) - means; च (ca) - and; मङ्गलम् (maṅgalam) - auspiciousness; स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being; वृद्धये (vṛddhaye) - for increase; युनक्ति (yunakti) - joins; मेधया (medhayā) - with intelligence; धीरो (dhīraḥ) - wise person; यथा (yathā) - according to; शक्ति (śakti) - capacity; यथा (yathā) - according to; बलम् (balam) - strength;]
(Place, time, means, and auspiciousness, well-being for increase; joins with intelligence the wise person according to capacity, according to strength.)
A wise person, using intelligence, combines place, time, means, auspiciousness, and well-being for growth, acting according to his capacity and strength. (3-33-49)
अप्रमत्तेन तत्कार्यमुपदेष्टा पराक्रमः। भूयिष्ठं कर्मयोगेषु सर्व एव पराक्रमः ॥३-३३-५०॥
apramattena tat kāryam upadeṣṭā parākramaḥ। bhūyiṣṭhaṃ karmayogeṣu sarva eva parākramaḥ ॥3-33-50॥
[अप्रमत्तेन (apramattena) - by the one who is not negligent; तत् (tat) - that; कार्यं (kāryam) - action; उपदेष्टा (upadeṣṭā) - instructor; पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - effort; भूयिष्ठं (bhūyiṣṭham) - mostly; कर्मयोगेषु (karmayogeṣu) - in the disciplines of action; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - effort;]
(By the one who is not negligent, that action, instructor, effort. Mostly, in the disciplines of action, all indeed is effort.)
The action should be performed by one who is not negligent; the instructor is effort. In the disciplines of action, effort is indeed the most important of all. (3-33-50)
यं तु धीरोऽन्ववेक्षेत श्रेयांसं बहुभिर्गुणैः। साम्नैवार्थं ततो लिप्सेत्कर्म चास्मै प्रयोजयेत् ॥३-३३-५१॥
yaṃ tu dhīro'nvavekṣeta śreyāṃsaṃ bahubhirguṇaiḥ। sāmnaivārthaṃ tato lipset karma cāsmai prayojayet ॥3-33-51॥
[यं (yaṃ) - whom; तु (tu) - but; धीः (dhīraḥ) - wise man; अन्ववेक्षेत (anvavekṣeta) - should examine; श्रेयांसम् (śreyāṃsam) - better; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - qualities; साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation; एव (eva) - indeed; अर्थम् (artham) - purpose; ततः (tataḥ) - then; लिप्सेत् (lipset) - should desire; कर्म (karma) - action; च (ca) - and; अस्मै (asmai) - for him; प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should employ;]
(But the wise man should examine whom is better by many qualities; by conciliation indeed should desire the purpose, then should employ action for him.)
But the wise man should examine who is superior by many qualities; then, by conciliation alone, he should seek his purpose and employ action for him. (3-33-51)
व्यसनं वास्य काङ्क्षेत विनाशं वा युधिष्ठिर। अपि सिन्धोर्गिरेर्वापि किं पुनर्मर्त्यधर्मिणः ॥३-३३-५२॥
vyasanaṃ vā asya kāṅkṣeta vināśaṃ vā yudhiṣṭhira। api sindhoḥ gireḥ vā api kiṃ punar martyadharmiṇaḥ ॥3-33-52॥
[व्यसनं (vyasanaṃ) - misfortune; वा (vā) - or; अस्य (asya) - of him; काङ्क्षेत (kāṅkṣeta) - should desire; विनाशं (vināśaṃ) - destruction; वा (vā) - or; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; अपि (api) - even; सिन्धोः (sindhoḥ) - of the ocean; गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; किं (kiṃ) - what; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; मर्त्यधर्मिणः (martyadharmiṇaḥ) - of one subject to mortality;]
(Misfortune or his one should desire, destruction or, Yudhiṣṭhira; even of the ocean, of the mountain or even, what again of one subject to mortality; (3-33-52))
O Yudhiṣṭhira, one may wish for the misfortune or destruction even of the ocean or the mountain; what then to say of one who is subject to mortality? (3-33-52)
उत्थानयुक्तः सततं परेषामन्तरैषणे। आनृण्यमाप्नोति नरः परस्यात्मन एव च ॥३-३३-५३॥
utthānayuktaḥ satataṃ pareṣām antaraiṣaṇe. ānṛṇyam āpnoti naraḥ parasya ātmana eva ca ॥3-33-53॥
[उत्थानयुक्तः (utthānayuktaḥ) - endowed with effort; सततम् (satatam) - always; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; अन्तरैषणे (antaraiṣaṇe) - in the seeking within; आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt; आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains; नरः (naraḥ) - man; परस्य (parasya) - of another; आत्मन (ātmana) - of self; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Endowed with effort, always, in the seeking within of others, freedom from debt attains man of another, of self indeed and.)
A man who is always endowed with effort and seeks within others attains freedom from debt, both with respect to others and himself. (3-33-53)
न चैवात्मावमन्तव्यः पुरुषेण कदाचन। न ह्यात्मपरिभूतस्य भूतिर्भवति भारत ॥३-३३-५४॥
na caiva ātmā avamantavyaḥ puruṣeṇa kadācana। na hi ātma-paribhūtasya bhūtir bhavati bhārata ॥3-33-54॥
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; आत्मा (ātmā) - self; अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - to be despised; पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; आत्मपरिभूतस्य (ātma-paribhūtasya) - of one whose self is despised; भूतिः (bhūtiḥ) - prosperity; भवति (bhavati) - arises; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Not and indeed the self is to be despised by a person at any time. Not indeed of one whose self is despised does prosperity arise, O Bhārata.)
The self should never be despised by anyone at any time. For, O Bhārata, prosperity does not arise for one whose self is despised. (3-33-54)
एवं संस्थितिका सिद्धिरियं लोकस्य भारत। चित्रा सिद्धिगतिः प्रोक्ता कालावस्थाविभागतः ॥३-३३-५५॥
evaṃ saṃsthitikā siddhir iyaṃ lokasya bhārata। citrā siddhigatiḥ proktā kālāvasthā-vibhāgataḥ ॥3-33-55॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; संस्थितिका (saṃsthitikā) - pertaining to establishment; सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - accomplishment; इयं (iyaṃ) - this (feminine); लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; चित्रा (citrā) - varied; सिद्धिगतिः (siddhigatiḥ) - the course of accomplishment; प्रोक्ता (proktā) - has been spoken; कालावस्थाविभागतः (kālāvasthā-vibhāgataḥ) - by division of time and state;]
(Thus, pertaining to establishment, this accomplishment of the world, O Bhārata; the varied course of accomplishment has been spoken by division of time and state.)
Thus, O Bhārata, this accomplishment of the world pertaining to establishment, and the varied course of accomplishment, has been described according to the divisions of time and state. (3-33-55)
ब्राह्मणं मे पिता पूर्वं वासयामास पण्डितम्। सोऽस्मा अर्थमिमं प्राह पित्रे मे भरतर्षभ ॥३-३३-५६॥
brāhmaṇaṃ me pitā pūrvaṃ vāsayāmāsa paṇḍitam। so'smā artham imaṃ prāha pitre me bharatarṣabha ॥3-33-56॥
[ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa; (a) brāhmaṇa; मे (me) - my; (to/for) me; पिता (pitā) - father; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; before; वासयामास (vāsayāmāsa) - caused to dwell; made stay; पण्डितम् (paṇḍitam) - learned; wise; scholar; सः (saḥ) - he; अस्मै (asmai) - to him; अर्थम् (artham) - meaning; sense; matter; इमम् (imam) - this; प्राह (prāha) - spoke; said; पित्रे (pitre) - to the father; मे (me) - my; (to/for) me; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - bull among the Bharatas; O best of the Bharatas;]
(A brāhmaṇa, my father formerly caused to dwell, a learned one. He to him this meaning spoke, to my father, O bull among the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, formerly my father caused a learned brāhmaṇa to dwell (with us). He spoke this meaning to my father. (3-33-56)
नीतिं बृहस्पतिप्रोक्तां भ्रातॄन्मेऽग्राहयत्पुरा। तेषां साङ्कथ्यमश्रौषमहमेतत्तदा गृहे ॥३-३३-५७॥
nītiṃ bṛhaspatiproktaṃ bhrātṝn me'grāhayat purā। teṣāṃ sāṅkathyam aśrauṣam aham etat tadā gṛhe ॥3-33-57॥
[नीतिं (nītiṃ) - conduct; बृहस्पतिप्रोक्तां (bṛhaspati-proktāṃ) - spoken by Bṛhaspati; भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers; मे (me) - to me; अग्राहयत् (agrāhayat) - caused to accept; पुरा (purā) - formerly; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; साङ्कथ्यम् (sāṅkathyam) - conversation; अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard; अहम् (aham) - I; एतत् (etat) - this; तदा (tadā) - then; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house;]
(The conduct spoken by Bṛhaspati my brothers caused me to accept formerly. Of them the conversation I heard I this then in the house.)
Formerly, my brothers made me accept the conduct spoken by Bṛhaspati. At that time, I heard their conversation in the house. (3-33-57)
स मां राजन्कर्मवतीमागतामाह सान्त्वयन्। शुश्रूषमाणामासीनां पितुरङ्के युधिष्ठिर ॥३-३३-५८॥
sa māṃ rājan karmavatīm āgatām āha sāntvayan। śuśrūṣamāṇām āsīnām pitur aṅke yudhiṣṭhira ॥3-33-58॥
[स (sa) - he; माम् (mām) - me; राजन् (rājan) - O king; कर्मवतीम् (karmavatīm) - Karmavatī (name of a place); आगताम् (āgatām) - arrived; आह (āha) - said; सान्त्वयन् (sāntvayan) - consoling; शुश्रूषमाणाम् (śuśrūṣamāṇām) - serving; आसीनाम् (āsīnām) - sitting; पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father; अङ्के (aṅke) - on the lap; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(He, O king, to me who had arrived at Karmavatī, said, consoling, to me serving, sitting on the lap of the father, Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O king, he consoled me, who had arrived at Karmavatī, as I sat on my father's lap, serving, Yudhiṣṭhira. (3-33-58)
