03.245

व्रीहिद्रौणिकपर्व

vrīhī-drauṇika-parva

[व्रीहि (vrīhī) - rice; द्रौणिक (drauṇika) - (related to) a measure (droṇa) vessel; पर्व (parva) - festival;]

(rice measure vessel festival)

Festival of the rice heap (measured in a droṇa vessel)

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun; name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]

(Vaiśampāyana said;)

Vaiśampāyana said.

वने निवसतां तेषां पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम्। वर्षाण्येकादशातीयुः कृच्छ्रेण भरतर्षभ ॥०३-२४५-१॥

vane nivasatāṃ teṣāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ mahātmanām| varṣāṇyekādaśātiyuḥ kṛcchreṇa bharatarṣabha ॥03-245-1॥

[वने (vane) - in the forest; निवसताम् (nivasatām) - dwelling; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas; महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - great-souled; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; एकादश (ekādaśa) - eleven; अतीयुः (atīyuḥ) - passed; कृच्छ्रेण (kṛcchreṇa) - with difficulty; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]

(In the forest, dwelling, of them, of the Pāṇḍavas, great-souled, years eleven passed with difficulty, O best of the Bharatas.)

O best of the Bharatas, for those great-souled Pāṇḍavas dwelling in the forest, eleven years passed with difficulty. (03-245-1)

फलमूलाशनास्ते हि सुखार्हा दुःखमुत्तमम्। प्राप्तकालमनुध्यान्तः सेहुरुत्तमपूरुषाः ॥०३-२४५-२॥

phalamūlāśanās te hi sukhārhā duḥkham uttamam। prāptakālam anudhyāntaḥ sehur uttamapūruṣāḥ॥03-245-2॥

[फलमूलाशनाः (phalamūlāśanāḥ) - they who subsist on fruits and roots; ते (te) - they; हि (hi) - indeed; सुखार्हाः (sukhārhāḥ) - deserving of happiness; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - endured at the proper time; अनुध्यान्तः (anudhyāntaḥ) - reflecting upon; सेहुुः (sehuḥ) - they endured; उत्तम (uttama) - best; पूरुषाः (pūruṣāḥ) - men;]

(They who subsist on fruits and roots, indeed, deserving of happiness, supreme suffering, endured at the proper time, reflecting upon, the best men endured.)

Those who subsist on fruits and roots, truly deserving of happiness, endured the greatest suffering at the appropriate time, contemplating it—such were the noblest of men. (03-245-2)

युधिष्ठिरस्तु राजर्षिरात्मकर्मापराधजम्। चिन्तयन्स महाबाहुर्भ्रातॄणां दुःखमुत्तमम् ॥०३-२४५-३॥

yudhiṣṭhirastu rājarṣirātmakarmāparādhajam। cintayans mahābāhurbhrātṝṇāṃ duḥkhamuttamam॥03-245-3॥

[युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira; तु (tu) - but; राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage; आत्मकर्म (ātmakarma) - his own action; अपराधजम् (aparādhajam) - originated from fault; चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - pondering; महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed; भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of the brothers; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - greatest;]

(Yudhiṣṭhira but the royal sage his own action originated from fault pondering the mighty-armed of the brothers sorrow greatest.)

But Yudhiṣṭhira, the royal sage and mighty-armed, pondering the greatest sorrow of his brothers arising from the fault of his own action. (03-245-3)

न सुष्वाप सुखं राजा हृदि शल्यैरिवार्पितैः। दौरात्म्यमनुपश्यंस्तत्काले द्यूतोद्भवस्य हि ॥०३-२४५-४॥

na suṣvāpa sukhaṁ rājā hṛdi śalyair ivārpitaiḥ. daurātmyam anupaśyaṁs tatkāle dyūtodbhavasya hi ॥03-245-4॥

[न (na) - not; सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - slept; सुखं (sukham) - happily; राजा (rājā) - the king; हृदि (hṛdi) - in (his) heart; शल्यैः (śalyaiḥ) - with arrows (i.e. sharp pains); इव (iva) - as if; अर्पितैः (arpitaiḥ) - fixed; दौरात्म्यं (daurātmyaṁ) - wickedness; अनुपश्यन् (anupaśyan) - seeing repeatedly; तत् (tat) - that; काले (kāle) - at the time; द्यूत (dyūta) - of dice; उद्भवस्य (udbhavasya) - of arising; हि (hi) - indeed;]

(The king did not sleep happily, as if with arrows fixed in (his) heart, seeing repeatedly the wickedness at that time indeed of the arising of dice.)

The king could not sleep well, as though tormented by arrows in his heart, constantly reflecting on the wickedness that had arisen at the time of the dice game. (03-245-4)

संस्मरन्परुषा वाचः सूतपुत्रस्य पाण्डवः। निःश्वासपरमो दीनो बिभ्रत्कोपविषं महत् ॥०३-२४५-५॥

saṁsmaran paruṣā vācaḥ sūtaputrasya pāṇḍavaḥ। niḥśvāsaparamo dīno bibhrat kopaviṣaṁ mahat॥03-245-5॥

[संस्मरन् (saṁsmaran) - remembering; परुषा (paruṣā) - harsh; वाचः (vācaḥ) - words; सूतपुत्रस्य (sūtaputrasya) - of the son of the charioteer; पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the son of Pāṇḍu; निःश्वासपरमः (niḥśvāsaparamaḥ) - one whose highest activity is sighing; दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected; बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - bearing; कोपविषं (kopaviṣam) - the poison of anger; महत् (mahat) - great;]

(Remembering harsh words of the son of the charioteer, the son of Pāṇḍu, whose greatest act was sighing, dejected, bearing the great poison of anger.)

Remembering the harsh words of the charioteer's son, the son of Pāṇḍu, deeply dejected and sighing, was bearing great anger like poison. (03-245-5)

अर्जुनो यमजौ चोभौ द्रौपदी च यशस्विनी। स च भीमो महातेजाः सर्वेषामुत्तमो बली ॥ युधिष्ठिरमुदीक्षन्तः सेहुर्दुःखमनुत्तमम् ॥०३-२४५-६॥

arjuno yamajau cobhau draupadī ca yaśasvinī। sa ca bhīmo mahātejāḥ sarveṣāmuttamo balī ॥ yudhiṣṭhiramudīkṣantaḥ sehurduḥkhamanuttamam ॥03-245-6॥

[अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; यमजौ (yamajau) - the twin sons of Yama (Nakula and Sahadeva); च (ca) - and; उभौ (ubhau) - both; द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadī; च (ca) - and; यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - renowned; सः (saḥ) - he; च (ca) - and; भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma; महत्-तेजाः (mahat-tejāḥ) - of great energy; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - the best; बली (balī) - powerful; युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira; उदीक्षन्तः (udīkṣantaḥ) - looking at; सेहुः (sehuḥ) - endured; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - greatest;]

(Arjuna, the twin sons of Yama, and both, Draupadī and (she) renowned, he and Bhīma of great energy, of all the best, powerful, Yudhiṣṭhira looking at, endured suffering greatest.)

Arjuna, both the twin sons of Yama, and Draupadī the renowned, as well as Bhīma of great energy, the most powerful of all, looked at Yudhiṣṭhira and together endured the greatest suffering. (03-245-6)

अवशिष्टमल्पकालं मन्वानाः पुरुषर्षभाः। वपुरन्यदिवाकार्षुरुत्साहामर्षचेष्टितैः ॥०३-२४५-७॥

avaśiṣṭamalpakālaṃ manvānāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ। vapuranyadivākārṣurutsāhāmarṣaceṣṭitaiḥ ॥03-245-7॥

[अवशिष्टम् (avaśiṣṭam) - remaining; अल्पकालम् (alpakālam) - little time; मन्वानाः (manvānāḥ) - thinking; पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men; वपुः (vapuḥ) - form; अन्यदिव (anyad iva) - as if different; अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they acted; they behaved; they performed; उत्साहामर्षचेष्टितैः (utsāhāmarṣaceṣṭitaiḥ) - by acts of enthusiasm and impatience;]

(Thinking that a little time remained, the bulls among men acted as if with a different form by acts of enthusiasm and impatience.)

Thinking that only a little time remained, the great men acted as if they possessed another form, through movements of enthusiasm and impatience. (03-245-7)

कस्यचित्त्वथ कालस्य व्यासः सत्यवतीसुतः। आजगाम महायोगी पाण्डवानवलोककः ॥०३-२४५-८॥

kasyacit tv atha kālasya vyāsaḥ satyavatīsutaḥ। ājagāma mahāyogī pāṇḍavān avalokakaḥ॥03-245-8॥

[कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of a certain (person or period); तु (tu) - but; अथ (atha) - then; कालस्य (kālasya) - of time; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; सत्यवतीसुतः (satyavatīsutaḥ) - the son of Satyavatī; आजगाम (ājagāma) - arrived; महायोगी (mahāyogī) - the great yogin; पाण्डवानवलोककः (pāṇḍavān avalokakaḥ) - the observer (or one who looked upon) the Pāṇḍavas;]

(Of a certain (period), but then, of time, Vyāsa, the son of Satyavatī, arrived, the great yogin, the observer of the Pāṇḍavas.)

Then, at a certain time, Vyāsa, the son of Satyavatī, the great yogin and observer of the Pāṇḍavas, arrived. (03-245-8)

तमागतमभिप्रेक्ष्य कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। प्रत्युद्गम्य महात्मानं प्रत्यगृह्णाद्यथाविधि ॥०३-२४५-९॥

tam āgatam abhiprekṣya kuntī-putro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ। pratyudgamya mahātmānam pratyagṛhṇād yathā-vidhi॥03-245-9॥

[तम् (tam) - him; आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived; अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen; कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntī-putraḥ) - son of Kuntī; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira; प्रत्युद्गम्य (pratyudgamya) - having gone forth to meet; महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one; प्रत्यगृह्णात् (pratyagṛhṇāt) - received (him); यथाविधि (yathā-vidhi) - according to custom;]

(Having seen him arrived, the son of Kuntī, Yudhiṣṭhira, having gone forth to meet the great-souled one, received (him) according to custom.)

When he saw him arrive, Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī, went out to meet the great-souled one and received him according to custom. (03-245-9)

तमासीनमुपासीनः शुश्रूषुर्नियतेन्द्रियः। तोषयन्प्रणिपातेन व्यासं पाण्डवनन्दनः ॥०३-२४५-१०॥

tam āsīnam upāsīnaḥ śuśrūṣur niyatendriyaḥ। toṣayan praṇipātena vyāsaṃ pāṇḍavanandanaḥ॥03-245-10॥

[तम् (tam) - him; आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated; उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - having approached; शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - desirous of serving; नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - with controlled senses; तोषयन् (toṣayan) - gratifying; प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by prostration; व्यासम् (vyāsam) - Vyāsa; पाण्डवनन्दनः (pāṇḍavanandanaḥ) - the delight of the Pāṇḍavas (Arjuna);]

(Him seated, having approached, desirous of serving, with controlled senses, gratifying by prostration, Vyāsa, the delight of the Pāṇḍavas (Arjuna).)

Arjuna, the delight of the Pāṇḍavas, having approached Vyāsa who was seated, desirous of service and with controlled senses, gratified him by prostration. (03-245-10)

तानवेक्ष्य कृशान्पौत्रान्वने वन्येन जीवतः। महर्षिरनुकम्पार्थमब्रवीद्बाष्पगद्गदम् ॥०३-२४५-११॥

tān avekṣya kṛśān pautrān vane vanyena jīvataḥ। maharṣir anukampārtham abravīt bāṣpa-gadgadam ॥03-245-11॥

[तान् (tān) - them; (accusative plural masculine); अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen; (absolutive of √īkṣ, to see); कृशान् (kṛśān) - emaciated; thin; (accusative plural masculine of kṛśa); पौत्रान् (pautrān) - grandsons; (accusative plural masculine of pautra); वने (vane) - in the forest; (locative singular); वन्येन (vanyena) - with forest-produce; (instrumental singular of vanya); जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living; surviving; (accusative plural masculine); महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - the great sage; (nominative singular masculine); अनुकम्पार्थम् (anukampārtham) - for the sake of compassion; (for the purpose of pity); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke; said; (third person singular, past tense of √brū); बाष्पगद्गदम् (bāṣpa-gadgadam) - choked with tears; (gadgada = trembling, bāṣpa = tears);]

(Them having seen emaciated grandsons in the forest living by forest-produce, the great sage, for the sake of compassion, spoke choked with tears.)

Seeing his emaciated grandsons living on forest fare in the forest, the great sage, moved by compassion, spoke with a voice choked with tears. (03-245-11)

युधिष्ठिर महाबाहो शृणु धर्मभृतां वर। नातप्ततपसः पुत्र प्राप्नुवन्ति महत्सुखम् ॥०३-२४५-१२॥

yudhiṣṭhira mahābāho śṛṇu dharmabhṛtāṃ vara। nātaptatapasaḥ putra prāpnuvanti mahatsukham ॥03-245-12॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun); महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; (vocative); शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; (imperative); धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtāṃ) - of the upholders of dharma; (genitive plural); वर (vara) - best; (vocative); न (na) - not; अतप्ततपसः (ataptatapasaḥ) - those whose austerities are not practiced; (genitive plural); पुत्र (putra) - O son; (vocative); प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - attain; (present 3rd person plural); महत्सुखम् (mahatsukham) - great happiness;]

(Yudhishthira, O mighty-armed, listen, O best of the upholders of dharma, not those whose austerities are not practiced, O son, attain great happiness.)

Yudhishthira, O mighty-armed, listen, O best of those who uphold dharma. O son, those whose austerities are not performed do not attain great happiness. (03-245-12)

सुखदुःखे हि पुरुषः पर्यायेणोपसेवते। नात्यन्तमसुखं कश्चित्प्राप्नोति पुरुषर्षभ ॥०३-२४५-१३॥

sukhaduḥkhe hi puruṣaḥ paryāyeṇopasevate। nātyantamasukhaṃ kaścit prāpnoti puruṣarṣabha ॥03-245-13॥

[सुखदुःखे (sukha-duḥkhe) - happiness and sorrow; हि (hi) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person; पर्यायेण (paryāyeṇa) - alternately; in turn; उपसेवते (upasevate) - experiences; enjoys; न (na) - not; अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - utterly; absolutely; असुखं (asukhaṃ) - unhappiness; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; someone; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; obtains; पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best of men;]

(Happiness and sorrow indeed a person alternately experiences. Not utterly unhappiness anyone attains, O best of men.)

Indeed, a person experiences happiness and sorrow in turns. O best of men, no one attains only utter unhappiness. (03-245-13)

प्रज्ञावांस्त्वेव पुरुषः संयुक्तः परया धिया। उदयास्तमयज्ञो हि न शोचति न हृष्यति ॥०३-२४५-१४॥

prajñāvāṁstveva puruṣaḥ saṁyuktaḥ parayā dhiyā। udayāstamayajño hi na śocati na hṛṣyati॥03-245-14॥

[प्रज्ञावान् (prajñāvān) - possessed of wisdom; तु (tu) - but; एव (eva) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined; परया (parayā) - with supreme; धिया (dhiyā) - intelligence; उदयास्तमयज्ञः (udayāstamayajñaḥ) - knower of rise and setting; हि (hi) - indeed; न (na) - not; शोचति (śocati) - grieves; न (na) - not; हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices;]

(But indeed, a person possessed of wisdom, joined with supreme intelligence, a knower of rise and setting, indeed does not grieve, does not rejoice.)

But indeed, a wise person united with supreme intelligence, knowing both rise and fall, neither grieves nor rejoices. (03-245-14)

सुखमापतितं सेवेद्दुःखमापतितं सहेत्। कालप्राप्तमुपासीत सस्यानामिव कर्षकः ॥०३-२४५-१५॥

sukham-āpatitaṃ seved-duḥkham-āpatitaṃ sahet। kālaprāptam-upāsīta sasyānām-iva karṣakaḥ ॥03-245-15॥

[सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; आपतितम् (āpatitam) - having come; सेवेत् (sevet) - should enjoy; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow; आपतितम् (āpatitam) - having come; सहेत् (sahet) - should endure; कालप्राप्तम् (kālaprāptam) - attained in its time; उपासीत (upāsīta) - should await; सस्यानाम् (sasyānām) - of crops; इव (iva) - like; कर्षकः (karṣakaḥ) - farmer;]

(Happiness having come one should enjoy; sorrow having come one should endure. That which is attained in its time one should await, like a farmer (awaits) the crops.)

One should enjoy happiness that arrives, endure sorrow that comes, and wait for what comes in due season, just as a farmer waits for his crops. (03-245-15)

तपसो हि परं नास्ति तपसा विन्दते महत्। नासाध्यं तपसः किञ्चिदिति बुध्यस्व भारत ॥०३-२४५-१६॥

tapaso hi paraṁ nāsti tapasā vindate mahat। nāsādhyaṁ tapasaḥ kiñciditi buddhyasva bhārata॥03-245-16॥

[तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of penance;, हि (hi) - indeed;, परम् (param) - higher;, नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not;, तपसा (tapasā) - by penance;, विन्दते (vindate) - one attains;, महत् (mahat) - great;, न (na) - not;, असाध्यम् (asādhyam) - unattainable;, तपसः (tapasaḥ) - to penance;, किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything;, इति (iti) - thus;, बुध्यस्व (buddhyasva) - know;, भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]

(Indeed, for penance there is nothing higher; by penance one attains the great. Nothing is unattainable by penance—thus know, O Bhārata.)

Indeed, for penance there is nothing higher; by penance one attains greatness. Nothing is unattainable by penance—know this, O Bhārata. (03-245-16)

सत्यमार्जवमक्रोधः संविभागो दमः शमः। अनसूयाविहिंसा च शौचमिन्द्रियसंयमः ॥ साधनानि महाराज नराणां पुण्यकर्मणाम् ॥०३-२४५-१७॥

satyam ārjavam akrodhaḥ saṃvibhāgo damaḥ śamaḥ। anasūyā-vihiṃsā ca śaucam indriya-saṃyamaḥ॥ sādhanāni mahārāja narāṇāṃ puṇyakarmaṇām॥03-245-17॥

[सत्य (satya) - truthfulness; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness; अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger; संविभागः (saṃvibhāgaḥ) - sharing; distribution; दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint; शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquillity; अनसूया (anasūyā) - absence of envy; विहिंसा (vihiṃsā) - non-violence; च (ca) - and; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; इन्द्रियसंयमः (indriya-saṃyamaḥ) - control of the senses; साधनानि (sādhanāni) - means; instruments; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; नराणाम् (narāṇām) - of men; पुण्यकर्मणाम् (puṇya-karmaṇām) - of those of meritorious deeds;]

(Truthfulness, straightforwardness, absence of anger, sharing, self-restraint, tranquillity, absence of envy, non-violence, and purity, and control of the senses — are the means, O great king, of men of meritorious deeds.)

O great king, truthfulness, straightforwardness, absence of anger, sharing, self-control, tranquillity, absence of envy, non-violence, purity, and control over the senses are the means for men who perform virtuous actions. (03-245-17)

अधर्मरुचयो मूढास्तिर्यग्गतिपरायणाः। कृच्छ्रां योनिमनुप्राप्य न सुखं विन्दते जनाः ॥०३-२४५-१८॥

adharmarucayo mūḍhās tiryaggatiparāyaṇāḥ। kṛcchrāṃ yonim anuprāpya na sukhaṃ vindate janāḥ ॥03-245-18॥

[अधर्मरुचयः (adharmarucayaḥ) - those whose inclination is towards unrighteousness; मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - fools; तिर्यक्-गति-परायणाः (tiryak-gati-parāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to the path of animals; कृच्छ्रां (kṛcchrāṃ) - difficult; योनिम् (yonim) - birth; अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having reached; न (na) - not; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; विन्दते (vindate) - attains; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]

(Those whose inclination is towards unrighteousness, fools, devoted to the path of animals, having reached a difficult birth, people do not attain happiness.)

Foolish people inclined to unrighteousness, attached to the path of animals, having attained a difficult birth, do not find happiness. (03-245-18)

इह यत्क्रियते कर्म तत्परत्रोपभुज्यते। तस्माच्छरीरं युञ्जीत तपसा नियमेन च ॥०३-२४५-१९॥

iha yat kriyate karma tat paratra upabhujyate। tasmāt śarīraṃ yuñjīta tapasā niyamena ca॥03-245-19॥

[इह (iha) - here; यत् (yat) - what; क्रियते (kriyate) - is done; कर्म (karma) - action; तत् (tat) - that; परत्र (paratra) - in the next world; उपभुज्यते (upabhujyate) - is enjoyed; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; शरीरं (śarīram) - body; युञ्जीत (yuñjīta) - should be engaged; तपसा (tapasā) - with austerity; नियमेन (niyamena) - with discipline; च (ca) - and;]

(Here, what action is done, that is enjoyed in the next world. Therefore, the body should be engaged with austerity and discipline.)

Whatever action is performed here is experienced in the next world; therefore, one should employ the body with austerity and discipline. (03-245-19)

यथाशक्ति प्रयच्छेच्च सम्पूज्याभिप्रणम्य च। काले पात्रे च हृष्टात्मा राजन्विगतमत्सरः ॥०३-२४५-२०॥

yathāśakti prayacchec ca sampūjyābhipraṇamya ca| kāle pātre ca hṛṣṭātmā rājan vigatamatsaraḥ ॥03-245-20॥

[यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to ability; प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - should give; च (ca) - and; सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having duly honored; अभिप्रणम्य (abhipraṇamya) - after respectfully bowing; च (ca) - and; काले (kāle) - at the proper time; पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient; च (ca) - and; हृष्टात्मा (hṛṣṭātmā) - with a delighted mind; राजन् (rājan) - O king; विगतमत्सरः (vigatamatsaraḥ) - free from envy;]

(According to ability, one should give and, having duly honored and after respectfully bowing, at the proper time, to a worthy recipient, and with a delighted mind, O king, free from envy.)

O king, one should give according to one’s ability, properly honoring and bowing to the worthy recipient, at the right time, with a delighted mind, and free from envy. (03-245-20)

सत्यवादी लभेतायुरनायासमथार्जवी। अक्रोधनोऽनसूयश्च निर्वृतिं लभते पराम् ॥०३-२४५-२१॥

satyavādī labhetāyur anāyāsam athārjavī। akrodhano'nasūyaś ca nirvṛtiṁ labhate parām ॥03-245-21॥

[सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker; one who speaks truth; लभेत (labheta) - obtains; may gain; आयुः (āyuḥ) - life-span; longevity; अनायासम् (anāyāsam) - without trouble; ease; अथ (atha) - and; furthermore; आर्जवी (ārjavī) - (one who is) upright; honest; अक्रोधनः (akrodhanaḥ) - not angry; free from anger; अनसूयः (anasūyaḥ) - not envious; without jealousy; च (ca) - and; निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - peace; contentment; लभते (labhate) - obtains; attains; पराम् (parām) - supreme; highest;]

(Truth-speaker obtains life-span, without trouble, and upright person; not angry, not envious and attains supreme peace.)

One who speaks the truth attains a long life and ease, and an honest person, free from anger and jealousy, attains the highest peace. (03-245-21)

दान्तः शमपरः शश्वत्परिक्लेशं न विन्दति। न च तप्यति दान्तात्मा दृष्ट्वा परगतां श्रियम् ॥०३-२४५-२२॥

dāntaḥ śamaparaḥ śaśvat-parikleśaṃ na vindati। na ca tapyati dāntātmā dṛṣṭvā paragatāṃ śriyam ॥03-245-22॥

[दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - controlled; subdued; self-restrained; शमपरः (śamaparaḥ) - one intent on tranquility; who takes refuge in calmness; शश्वत् (śaśvat) - always; ever; परिक्लेशं (parikleśaṃ) - distress; affliction; न (na) - not; विन्दति (vindati) - finds; attains; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; तप्यति (tapyati) - grieves; is tormented; दान्तात्मा (dāntātmā) - one whose self is subdued; with restrained mind; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; परगतां (paragatāṃ) - gone to another (person); departed; श्रियं (śriyam) - prosperity; wealth;]

(The self-restrained, intent on tranquility, always does not find distress. Nor does he grieve, the controlled self, having seen prosperity gone to another.)

One who is self-restrained and devoted to tranquility never experiences constant affliction; nor does a person of subdued mind grieve upon seeing wealth passing to another. (03-245-22)

संविभक्ता च दाता च भोगवान्सुखवान्नरः। भवत्यहिंसकश्चैव परमारोग्यमश्नुते ॥०३-२४५-२३॥

saṃvibhaktā ca dātā ca bhogavān sukhavān naraḥ। bhavati ahiṃsakaś ca eva param ārogyam aśnute ॥03-245-23॥

[संविभक्ता (saṃvibhaktā) - one who distributes; च (ca) - and; दाता (dātā) - giver; च (ca) - and; भोगवान् (bhogavān) - enjoyer; सुखवान् (sukhavān) - happy; नरः (naraḥ) - man; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अहिंसकः (ahiṃsakaḥ) - non-violent; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; परम् (param) - supreme; आरोग्यम् (ārogyam) - health; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]

(One who distributes and gives, the man who is an enjoyer and happy, becomes non-violent and indeed attains supreme health.)

A man who shares and gives, and who enjoys happiness, becomes non-violent and truly attains supreme health. (03-245-23)

मान्यान्मानयिता जन्म कुले महति विन्दति। व्यसनैर्न तु संयोगं प्राप्नोति विजितेन्द्रियः ॥०३-२४५-२४॥

mānyān mānayitā janma kule mahati vindati। vyasanaiḥ na tu saṃyogaṃ prāpnoti vijitendriyaḥ॥03-245-24॥

[मान्यान् (mānyān) - those worthy of honor; मानयिता (mānayitā) - one who honors; जन्म (janma) - birth; कुले (kule) - in a family; महति (mahati) - of greatness; विन्दति (vindati) - obtains; व्यसनैः (vyasanaiḥ) - with afflictions; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; संयोगं (saṃyogam) - association; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses;]

(One who honors those worthy of honor obtains birth in a family of greatness; but does not attain association with afflictions, having conquered the senses.)

He who honors those worthy of honor is born in a noble family; but one who has mastered his senses does not come into contact with misfortune. (03-245-24)

शुभानुशयबुद्धिर्हि संयुक्तः कालधर्मणा। प्रादुर्भवति तद्योगात्कल्याणमतिरेव सः ॥०३-२४५-२५॥

śubhānuśayabuddhir hi saṁyuktaḥ kāladharmaṇā। prādurbhavati tadyogāt kalyāṇamatir eva saḥ॥03-245-25॥

[शुभ (śubha) - auspicious; good; benevolent; beneficial; अनुशय (anuśaya) - latent disposition; mental tendency; inclination; बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect; understanding; wisdom; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - united; joined; endowed; कालधर्मणा (kāladharmaṇā) - by the course of time; through temporal law; प्रादुर्भवति (prādurbhavati) - arises; manifests; comes into being; तत् (tat) - that; its; योगात् (yogāt) - by the conjunction; by the union; कल्याणमति (kalyāṇamati) - wholesome mind; auspicious intention; good-minded; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; सः (saḥ) - he; that one;]

(A mind inclined to goodness indeed, united with the force of time, arises by that union as that person possessing a wholesome mind indeed.)

One whose intellect is inclined toward goodness, when united with the destiny of time, manifestly becomes a person of auspicious understanding. (03-245-25)

युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥

[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)

Yudhiṣṭhira said.

भगवन्दानधर्माणां तपसो वा महामुने। किं स्विद्बहुगुणं प्रेत्य किं वा दुष्करमुच्यते ॥०३-२४५-२६॥

bhagavan dāna-dharmāṇāṃ tapaso vā mahāmune। kiṃ svid bahuguṇaṃ pretya kiṃ vā duṣkaram ucyate॥03-245-26॥

[भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one; दानधर्माणां (dāna-dharmāṇām) - of the virtuous acts of giving; तपसः (tapasas) - of austerity; वा (vā) - or; महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage; किं (kiṃ) - what; स्वित् (svid) - indeed; बहुगुणं (bahuguṇam) - most meritorious; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; किं (kiṃ) - what; वा (vā) - or; दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to perform; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]

(O venerable one, of the virtuous acts of giving or austerity, O great sage, what indeed is most meritorious after death, or what is said to be difficult to perform?)

O venerable one, among the meritorious acts of giving and austerity, O great sage, what indeed is considered the most virtuous after death, and what is said to be difficult to perform? (03-245-26)

व्यास उवाच॥

vyāsa uvāca॥

[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vyāsa said;)

Vyāsa said;

दानान्न दुष्करतरं पृथिव्यामस्ति किञ्चन। अर्थे हि महती तृष्णा स च दुःखेन लभ्यते ॥०३-२४५-२७॥

dānān na duṣkarataraṁ pṛthivyām asti kiñcana। arthe hi mahatī tṛṣṇā sa ca duḥkhena labhyate ॥03-245-27॥

[दानात् (dānāt) - than gift-giving; न (na) - not; दुष्करतरम् (duṣkarataram) - more difficult; पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth; अस्ति (asti) - there is; किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything; अर्थे (arthe) - for wealth; हि (hi) - indeed; महती (mahatī) - great; तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā) - thirst; सः (saḥ) - it; च (ca) - and; दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with hardship; लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained;]

(Than gift-giving, not more difficult on earth is anything. For wealth indeed great thirst; it and with hardship is obtained.)

There is nothing on earth more difficult than giving. There is indeed a great craving for wealth, and it is obtained only with hardship. (03-245-27)

परित्यज्य प्रियान्प्राणान्धनार्थं हि महाहवम्। प्रविशन्ति नरा वीराः समुद्रमटवीं तथा ॥०३-२४५-२८॥

parityajya priyān prāṇān dhanārthaṃ hi mahāhavam। praviśanti narā vīrāḥ samudram aṭavīṃ tathā ॥03-245-28॥

[परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having given up; प्रियान् (priyān) - dear ones; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives; धनार्थं (dhanārtham) - for the sake of wealth; हि (hi) - indeed; महाहवम् (mahāhavam) - great battle; प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - enter; नराः (narāḥ) - men; वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes; समुद्रम् (samudram) - ocean; अटवीं (aṭavīṃ) - forest; तथा (tathā) - similarly;]

(Having abandoned dear ones and lives, indeed for the sake of wealth, men, heroes, enter the great battle, the ocean, and the forest similarly.)

For the sake of wealth, heroes abandon their dear ones and even their lives, and men enter into great battles, the ocean, and the forest as well. (03-245-28)

कृषिगोरक्ष्यमित्येके प्रतिपद्यन्ति मानवाः। पुरुषाः प्रेष्यतामेके निर्गच्छन्ति धनार्थिनः ॥०३-२४५-२९॥

kṛṣigorakṣyamityeke pratipadyanti mānavāḥ। puruṣāḥ preṣyatāmeke nirgacchanti dhanārthinaḥ ॥03-245-29॥

[कृषिगोरक्ष्यम् (kṛṣigorakṣyam) - agriculture and cow protection; इति (iti) - thus; एके (eke) - some; प्रतिपद्यन्ति (pratipadyanti) - undertake; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - men; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; प्रेष्यताम् (preṣyatām) - servitude; एके (eke) - some; निर्गच्छन्ति (nirgacchanti) - depart; धनार्थिनः (dhanārthinaḥ) - seeking wealth;]

(Agriculture and cow protection thus some undertake men. Men servitude some depart seeking wealth.)

Some men undertake agriculture and cow protection. Other men go out as servants, seeking wealth. (03-245-29)

तस्य दुःखार्जितस्यैवं परित्यागः सुदुष्करः। न दुष्करतरं दानात्तस्माद्दानं मतं मम ॥०३-२४५-३०॥

tasya duḥkhārjitasyaivaṃ parityāgaḥ suduṣkaraḥ। na duṣkarataraṃ dānāttasmāddānaṃ mataṃ mama ॥03-245-30॥

[तस्य (tasya) - of that;, दुःखार्जितस्य (duḥkhārjitasya) - obtained by suffering;, एवं (evaṃ) - thus;, परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - renunciation;, सुदुष्करः (suduṣkaraḥ) - very difficult;, न (na) - not;, दुष्करतरं (duṣkarataraṃ) - more difficult;, दानात् (dānāt) - than giving;, तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore;, दानं (dānaṃ) - gift;, मतं (mataṃ) - regarded;, मम (mama) - by me;]

(Of that obtained by suffering, thus the renunciation is very difficult. Not more difficult than giving; therefore, giving is regarded by me.)

Thus, renouncing what has been obtained with suffering is very difficult. Nothing is more difficult than giving; therefore, giving is, in my opinion, the highest. (03-245-30)

विशेषस्त्वत्र विज्ञेयो न्यायेनोपार्जितं धनम्। पात्रे देशे च काले च साधुभ्यः प्रतिपादयेत् ॥०३-२४५-३१॥

viśeṣas tv atra vijñeyo nyāyenopārjitaṃ dhanam। pātre deśe ca kāle ca sādhubhyaḥ pratipādayet॥03-245-31॥

[विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction; special rule; तु (tu) - but; however; अत्र (atra) - here; विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - to be known; should be understood; न्यायेन (nyāyena) - by justice; by fairness; उपार्जितं (upārjitam) - acquired; earned; धनम् (dhanam) - wealth; पात्रे (pātre) - to a deserving person; देशे (deśe) - in the place; in the locality; च (ca) - and; काले (kāle) - in the time; at the right time; च (ca) - and; साधुभ्यः (sādhubhyaḥ) - to the good (people); to the virtuous; प्रति्पादयेत् (pratipādayet) - should give; should deliver;]

(But here, a special rule should be known: wealth acquired by justice, to a deserving person in place and time and to the virtuous should give.)

But here, a special rule is to be understood: wealth that is acquired justly should be given to deserving persons, at the right place and time, and to the virtuous. (03-245-31)

अन्यायसमुपात्तेन दानधर्मो धनेन यः। क्रियते न स कर्तारं त्रायते महतो भयात् ॥०३-२४५-३२॥

anyāyasamupāttena dānadharmo dhanena yaḥ। kriyate na sa kartāraṃ trāyate mahato bhayāt॥03-245-32॥

[अन्यायसमुपात्तेन (anyāya-samupāttena) - by what is wrongfully acquired; दानधर्मः (dāna-dharmaḥ) - the virtue of giving; धनेन (dhanena) - with wealth; यः (yaḥ) - which; क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed; न (na) - not; सः (saḥ) - that; कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the doer; त्रायते (trāyate) - protects; महतः (mahataḥ) - from great; भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear;]

(The virtue of giving which is performed with wealth wrongfully acquired does not protect the doer from great fear.)

A charitable act performed with wealth obtained unjustly does not save the giver from great danger. (03-245-32)

पात्रे दानं स्वल्पमपि काले दत्तं युधिष्ठिर। मनसा सुविशुद्धेन प्रेत्यानन्तफलं स्मृतम् ॥०३-२४५-३३॥

pātre dānaṃ svalpam-api kāle dattaṃ yudhiṣṭhira. manasā suviśuddhena pretyānantaphalaṃ smṛtam ॥03-245-33॥

[पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient; दानं (dānaṃ) - gift; स्वल्पमपि (svalpam-api) - even a little; काले (kāle) - at the proper time; दत्तं (dattaṃ) - given; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; मनसा (manasā) - with the mind; सुविशुद्धेन (suviśuddhena) - very pure; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; अनन्तफलं (anantaphalaṃ) - infinite fruit; स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is regarded;]

(To a worthy recipient, gift, even a little, at the proper time, given, O Yudhiṣṭhira, with a very pure mind, after death, infinite fruit, is regarded.)

O Yudhiṣṭhira, even a little gift given at the proper time to a worthy recipient with a very pure mind is considered to yield infinite results after death. (03-245-33)

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। व्रीहिद्रोणपरित्यागाद्यत्फलं प्राप मुद्गलः ॥०३-२४५-३४॥

atrāpy udāharantīm am itihāsaṃ purātanam। vrīhi-droṇa-parityāgād yat phalaṃ prāpa mudgalaḥ॥03-245-34॥

[अत्र अपि (atra api) - here also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical account; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; व्रीहि- д्रोण- परित्यागात् (vrīhi-droṇa-parityāgāt) - from the abandonment of a measure of rice; यत् (yat) - which; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; प्राप (prāpa) - obtained; मुद्गलः (mudgalaḥ) - Mudgala (the sage);]

(Here also they cite this ancient historical account: from the abandonment of a measure of rice, the fruit which Mudgala obtained.)

Here, too, they cite the following ancient story: the reward that Mudgala received from giving up a measure of rice. (03-245-34)