04.042

वैशम्पायन उवाच॥

vaiśampāyana uvāca॥

[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]

(Vaiśampāyana said.)

Vaiśampāyana said.

अथ दुर्योधनो राजा समरे भीष्ममब्रवीत्। द्रोणं च रथशार्दूलं कृपं च सुमहारथम् ॥०४-४२-१॥

atha duryodhanaḥ rājā samare bhīṣmam abravīt. droṇaṃ ca rathaśārdūlaṃ kṛpaṃ ca sumahāratham ॥04-42-1॥

[अथ (atha) - then; दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; राजा (rājā) - king; समरे (samare) - in battle; भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhīṣma; अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (he) spoke; द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa; च (ca) - and; रथशार्दूलम् (rathaśārdūlam) - tiger among charioteers; कृपम् (kṛpam) - to Kṛpa; च (ca) - and; सुमहारथम् (sumahāratham) - great charioteer;]

(Then Duryodhana the king in battle to Bhīṣma spoke; to Droṇa and the tiger among charioteers, to Kṛpa and the great charioteer.)

Then King Duryodhana, in the midst of battle, spoke to Bhīṣma, and to Droṇa, the tiger among charioteers, and to Kṛpa, the distinguished charioteer. (04-42-1)

उक्तोऽयमर्थ आचार्यो मया कर्णेन चासकृत्। पुनरेव च वक्ष्यामि न हि तृप्यामि तं ब्रुवन् ॥०४-४२-२॥

ukto'ayam artha ācāryo mayā karṇena cāsakṛt। punareva ca vakṣyāmi na hi tṛpyāmi taṃ bruvan ॥04-42-2॥

[उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; अयम् (ayam) - this; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - teacher; मया (mayā) - by me; कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa; च (ca) - and; असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; तृप्यामि (tṛpyāmi) - I am satisfied; तं (tam) - him (that); ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking;]

(This meaning the teacher, by me and by Karṇa, has been spoken repeatedly. Again indeed I shall speak, for I am not satisfied speaking him.)

This meaning has been repeatedly spoken by the teacher, by me, and by Karṇa. Yet again I shall speak it, for I am not satisfied with speaking about him. (04-42-2)

पराजितैर्हि वस्तव्यं तैश्च द्वादश वत्सरान्। वने जनपदेऽज्ञातैरेष एव पणो हि नः ॥०४-४२-३॥

parājitaiḥ hi vastavyaṃ taiḥ ca dvādaśa vatsarān. vane janapade ajñātaiḥ eṣa eva paṇo hi naḥ ॥04-42-3॥

[पराजितैः (parājitaiḥ) - by those who have been defeated; हि (hi) - indeed; वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - must be dwelt; तैश्च (taiḥ ca) - by them and; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; वत्सरान् (vatsarān) - years; वने (vane) - in the forest; जनपदे (janapade) - in the country; अज्ञातैः (ajñātaiḥ) - unrecognized; एष (eṣa) - this; एव (eva) - indeed; पणः (paṇaḥ) - stipulation; हि (hi) - indeed; नः (naḥ) - our;]

(By those who have been defeated, indeed, must be dwelt by them also for twelve years in the forest and in the country, unrecognized; this indeed is the stipulation for us.)

Those who are defeated, indeed, must live for twelve years both in the forest and in inhabited land, unrecognized by anyone; this is indeed the agreement for us. (04-42-3)

तेषां न तावन्निर्वृत्तं वर्तते तु त्रयोदशम्। अज्ञातवासं बीभत्सुरथास्माभिः समागतः ॥०४-४२-४॥

teṣāṃ na tāvannirvṛttaṃ vartate tu trayodaśam। ajñātavāsaṃ bībhatsur athāsmābhiḥ samāgataḥ ॥04-42-4॥

[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; न (na) - not; तावत् (tāvat) - so far; निर्वृत्तं (nirvṛttam) - completed; वर्तते (vartate) - proceeds; तु (tu) - but; त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteenth; अज्ञातवासं (ajñātavāsaṃ) - incognito dwelling; बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bībhatsu; अथ (atha) - now; अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us; समागतः (samāgataḥ) - has come together;]

(Of them not so far completed proceeds but the thirteenth (year); incognito dwelling Bībhatsu now by us has come together.)

Of them, the thirteenth year has not yet been completed; Bībhatsu has now joined us during incognito dwelling. (04-42-4)

अनिवृत्ते तु निर्वासे यदि बीभत्सुरागतः। पुनर्द्वादश वर्षाणि वने वत्स्यन्ति पाण्डवाः ॥०४-४२-५॥

anivṛtte tu nirvāse yadi bībhatsur āgataḥ। punar dvādaśa varṣāṇi vane vatsyanti pāṇḍavāḥ॥04-42-5॥

[अनिवृत्ते (anivṛtte) - not completed; not returned; तु (tu) - but; निर्वासे (nirvāse) - in exile; यदि (yadi) - if; बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bhīmasena; (epithet for Bhīma; here, name of a Pāṇḍava); आगतः (āgataḥ) - has come; has arrived; पुनः (punar) - again; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years; वने (vane) - in the forest; वत्स्यन्ति (vatsyanti) - they will dwell; पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas;]

(Not returned but in exile, if Bhīmasena has arrived, again twelve years in the forest the Pāṇḍavas will dwell.)

But if Bhīmasena returns before the exile is completed, the Pāṇḍavas will have to spend another twelve years in the forest. (04-42-5)

लोभाद्वा ते न जानीयुरस्मान्वा मोह आविशत्। हीनातिरिक्तमेतेषां भीष्मो वेदितुमर्हति ॥०४-४२-६॥

lobhādvā te na jānīyur asmān vā moha āviśat। hīnādhiriktam eteṣāṃ bhīṣmaḥ veditum arhati ॥04-42-6॥

[लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; वा (vā) - or; ते (te) - they; न (na) - not; जानीयुः (jānīyuḥ) - (they) might know; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; वा (vā) - or; मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion; आविशत् (āviśat) - has entered; हीनातिरिक्तम् (hīnādhiriktam) - insufficient or excessive; एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these; भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma; वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know; अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy;]

(Or from greed, they might not know us, or delusion has entered; insufficient or excessive of these, Bhīṣma is worthy to know.)

Or perhaps, because of greed, they do not recognize us, or they have been overtaken by delusion; but regarding what is lacking or in excess among them, it is Bhīṣma who is worthy to know. (04-42-6)

अर्थानां तु पुनर्द्वैधे नित्यं भवति संशयः। अन्यथा चिन्तितो ह्यर्थः पुनर्भवति चान्यथा ॥०४-४२-७॥

arthānāṁ tu punardvaidhe nityaṁ bhavati saṁśayaḥ। anyathā cintito hyarthaḥ punarbhavati cānyathā ॥04-42-7॥

[अर्थानां (arthānāṁ) - of meanings; of objects; of aims; तु (tu) - but; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; द्वैधे (dvaidhe) - in duality; in ambiguity; नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always; भवति (bhavati) - there is; arises; संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt; uncertainty; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; in another way; चिन्तितः (cintitaḥ) - contemplated; thought (of); हि (hi) - indeed; surely; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; object; aim; पुनः (punar) - again; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; happens; च (ca) - and; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; differently;]

(But, of objects (meanings), indeed, again in duality always arises doubt. Otherwise, an object considered indeed again becomes otherwise and otherwise.)

But with regard to meanings, there is always doubt when duality arises; indeed, an object thought of in one way often turns out otherwise. (04-42-7)

उत्तरं मार्गमाणानां मत्स्यसेनां युयुत्सताम्। यदि बीभत्सुरायातस्तेषां कः स्यात्पराङ्मुखः ॥०४-४२-८॥

uttaraṃ mārgamāṇānāṃ matsyasenāṃ yuyutsatām। yadi bībhatsur āyātaḥ teṣāṃ kaḥ syāt parāṅmukhaḥ॥04-42-8॥

[उत्तरं (uttaram) - northern; मार्गमाणानां (mārgamāṇānām) - of those proceeding; मत्स्यसेनां (matsyasenām) - the army of the Matsyas; युयुत्सताम् (yuyutsatām) - desiring to fight; यदि (yadi) - if; बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bhībhatsu (Arjuna); आयातः (āyātaḥ) - has come; तेषां (teṣām) - among those; कः (kaḥ) - who; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turned away;]

(Of those proceeding northwards, the Matsya army desiring to fight—if Bhībhatsu has come, among those, who would be turned away?)

Of those Matsya warriors moving north to fight, if Bhībhatsu (Arjuna) has arrived, who among them would turn their back? (04-42-8)

त्रिगर्तानां वयं हेतोर्मत्स्यान्योद्धुमिहागताः। मत्स्यानां विप्रकारांस्ते बहूनस्मानकीर्तयन् ॥०४-४२-९॥

trigartānāṃ vayaṃ hetor matsyān yoddhum ihāgatāḥ। matsyānāṃ viprakārāṃs te bahūn asmān akīrtayan ॥04-42-9॥

[त्रिगर्तानां (trigartānāṃ) - of the Trigartas; वयम् (vayam) - we; हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake; मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - the Matsyas; योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight; इह (iha) - here; आगताः (āgatāḥ) - have come; मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - of the Matsyas; विप्रकारान् (viprakārān) - insults; ते (te) - they; बहून् (bahūn) - many; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; अकीर्तयन् (akīrtayan) - reproached;]

(We, for the sake of the Trigartas, have come here to fight the Matsyas. They, of the Matsyas, reproached us with many insults.)

We have come here to fight the Matsyas on behalf of the Trigartas, for the Matsyas have insulted us in many ways. (04-42-9)

तेषां भयाभिपन्नानां तदस्माभिः प्रतिश्रुतम्। प्रथमं तैर्ग्रहीतव्यं मत्स्यानां गोधनं महत् ॥०४-४२-१०॥

teṣāṃ bhayābhipannānāṃ tadasmābhiḥ pratiśrutam। prathamaṃ tairgṛhītabhyaṃ matsyānāṃ godhanaṃ mahat॥04-42-10॥

[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; भयाभिपन्नानां (bhayābhipannānām) - afflicted by fear; तत् (tat) - that; अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us; प्रतिश्रुतम् (pratiśrutam) - promised; प्रथमं (prathamaṃ) - first; तैः (taiḥ) - by them; ग्रहीतव्यम् (gṛhītabhyam) - is to be taken; मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - of the fishermen; गोधनं (godhānaṃ) - cattle; महत् (mahat) - great;]

(Of them, afflicted by fear, that was promised by us. First by them is to be taken the great cattle of the fishermen.)

For those who were afflicted by fear, that was our promise: first, the great cattle of the fishermen must be taken by them. (04-42-10)

सप्तमीमपराह्णे वै तथा नस्तैः समाहितम्। अष्टम्यां पुनरस्माभिरादित्यस्योदयं प्रति ॥०४-४२-११॥

saptamīm aparāhṇe vai tathā nastaiḥ samāhitam। aṣṭamyāṃ punar asmābhir ādityasya udayaṃ prati ॥04-42-11॥

[सप्तमीम् (saptamīm) - on the seventh (lunar day); अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon; वै (vai) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - thus; नस्तैः (nastaiḥ) - by us (being present); समाहितम् (samāhitam) - was assembled; अष्टम्यां (aṣṭamyāṃ) - on the eighth (lunar day); पुनः (punar) - again; अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us; आदित्यस्य (ādityasya) - of (the) sun; उदयम् (udayam) - rise; प्रति (prati) - towards;]

(On the seventh afternoon indeed thus by us was assembled. On the eighth again by us towards the rise of the sun.)

Indeed, thus it was assembled by us on the afternoon of the seventh day. Again, on the eighth day, we (waited) for the sunrise. (04-42-11)

ते वा गावो न पश्यन्ति यदि व स्युः पराजिताः। अस्मान्वाप्यतिसन्धाय कुर्युर्मत्स्येन सङ्गतम् ॥०४-४२-१२॥

te vā gāvo na paśyanti yadi va syuḥ parājitāḥ। asmānvāpyatisandhāya kuryur matsyena saṅgatam ॥04-42-12॥

[ते (te) - they; वा (vā) - or; गावः (gāvaḥ) - the cows; न (na) - not; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; यदि (yadi) - if; व (va) - indeed; or; स्युः (syuḥ) - they might be; पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; also; अतिसन्धाय (atisandhāya) - having made an alliance; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they might do; they might make; मत्स्येन (matsyena) - with Matsya; with the fish (here, King Matsya); सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - union; alliance;]

(They or the cows do not see, if indeed they might be defeated; us or even having allied might make with Matsya an alliance.)

They, that is, the cows, may not pay attention if they are defeated; or, having made an alliance, they might join together with Matsya against us. (04-42-12)

अथ वा तानुपायातो मत्स्यो जानपदैः सह। सर्वया सेनया सार्धमस्मान्योद्धुमुपागतः ॥०४-४२-१३॥

atha vā tān-upāyātaḥ matsyaḥ jānapadaiḥ saha। sarvayā senayā sārdham-asmān-yoddhum-upāgataḥ ॥04-42-13॥

[अथ (atha) - now; then; moreover; वा (vā) - or; तानुपायातः (tān-upāyātaḥ) - to them (tān), having approached (upāyātaḥ); मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - the king of Matsya; जानपदैः (jānapadaiḥ) - with the countrymen; with the people of the realm; सह (saha) - together with; सर्वया सेनया (sarvayā senayā) - with the entire army; सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight; उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has come;]

(Now or, having approached them, Matsya together with the countrymen, with the entire army, together, to fight us has come.)

Or else, Matsya, having approached them with the people of his realm and the entire army, has come together to fight us. (04-42-13)

तेषामेव महावीर्यः कश्चिदेव पुरःसरः। अस्माञ्जेतुमिहायातो मत्स्यो वापि स्वयं भवेत् ॥०४-४२-१४॥

teṣāmeva mahāvīryaḥ kaścideva puraḥsaraḥ। asmāñ jetum ihāyāto matsyo vāpi svayaṃ bhavet ॥04-42-14॥

[तेषाम् एव (teṣām eva) - of them indeed; महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great strength; कश्चित् एव (kaścid eva) - some one indeed; पुरःसरः (puraḥsaraḥ) - leader; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer; इह (iha) - here; आयातः (āyātaḥ) - has come; मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish; वा अपि (vā api) - or even; स्वयम् (svayam) - himself; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be;]

(Of them indeed, some one of great strength, leader, to conquer us, here has come; a fish or even he himself may be.)

Indeed, among them, some powerful leader has come here to conquer us; perhaps it is a fish or he himself. (04-42-14)

यद्येष राजा मत्स्यानां यदि बीभत्सुरागतः। सर्वैर्योद्धव्यमस्माभिरिति नः समयः कृतः ॥०४-४२-१५॥

yady eṣa rājā matsyānāṃ yadi bībhatsur āgataḥ। sarvair yoddhavyam asmābhir iti naḥ samayaḥ kṛtaḥ ॥04-42-15॥

[यदि (yadi) - if; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; राजा (rājā) - king; मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - of the Matsyas; यदि (yadi) - if; बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bībhatsu (Arjuna); आगतः (āgataḥ) - has come; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - it must be fought; अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us; इति (iti) - thus; नः (naḥ) - our; समयः (samayaḥ) - agreement; कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - has been made;]

(If this is the king of the Matsyas, if Bībhatsu has come, by all it must be fought by us—thus, our agreement has been made.)

If this is the king of the Matsyas, and if Bībhatsu (Arjuna) has come, then it is agreed by us all that we must fight. (04-42-15)

अथ कस्मात्स्थिता ह्येते रथेषु रथसत्तमाः। भीष्मो द्रोणः कृपश्चैव विकर्णो द्रौणिरेव च ॥०४-४२-१६॥

atha kasmātsṭhitā hyete ratheṣu rathasattamāḥ। bhīṣmo droṇaḥ kṛpaścaiva vikarṇo drauṇireva ca ॥04-42-16॥

[अथ (atha) - now; then; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - for what reason; why; स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing; remaining; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; रथेषु (ratheṣu) - on chariots; रथसत्तमाः (rathasattamāḥ) - best among chariot-warriors; भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma; द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa; कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarṇa; द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman); एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]

(Now, for what reason indeed are these, best among chariot-warriors, standing on the chariots—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, and indeed Vikarṇa and the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) also?)

Now, why are these best among chariot-warriors—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, Vikarṇa, and the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)—standing on the chariots? (4-42-16)

सम्भ्रान्तमनसः सर्वे काले ह्यस्मिन्महारथाः। नान्यत्र युद्धाच्छ्रेयोऽस्ति तथात्मा प्रणिधीयताम् ॥०४-४२-१७॥

sambhrānta-manasaḥ sarve kāle hy asmin mahārathāḥ। na anyatra yuddhāt śreyaḥ asti tathā ātmā praṇidhīyatām॥04-42-17॥

[सम्भ्रान्तमनसः (sambhrānta-manasaḥ) - with agitated minds; सर्वे (sarve) - all; काले (kāle) - in the time; ह्यस्मिन् (hy asmin) - indeed in this; महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors; न (na) - not; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle; श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - better; अस्ति (asti) - exists; तथा (tathā) - therefore; आत्मा (ātmā) - the self; प्रणिधीयताम् (praṇidhīyatām) - let be devoted; ॥०४-४२-१७॥ (॥04-42-17॥) - ;]

(With agitated minds all great chariot-warriors in this time indeed; not elsewhere from battle better exists; therefore let the self be devoted.)

All the great chariot-warriors now have agitated minds; there is no greater good than battle elsewhere, therefore let the self be devoted to it. (04-42-17)

आच्छिन्ने गोधनेऽस्माकमपि देवेन वज्रिणा। यमेन वापि सङ्ग्रामे को हास्तिनपुरं व्रजेत् ॥०४-४२-१८॥

ācchinne godhane'smākam api devena vajriṇā. yamena vāpi saṅgrāme ko hāstinapuraṃ vrajet ॥04-42-18॥

[आच्छिन्ने (ācchinne) - when destroyed; severed; cut off; गोधने (godhane) - herds of cows; अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our; अपि (api) - even; देवेन (devena) - by the god; वज्रिणा (vajriṇā) - by the wielder of the thunderbolt; (Indra); यमेन (yamena) - by Yama; (god of death;) वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; कः (kaḥ) - who; हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - Hastinapura; व्रजेत् (vrajet) - would go;]

(When our herds of cows are destroyed, even by the god wielder of the thunderbolt, or even by Yama in battle, who would go to Hastinapura?)

If even our herds of cows are destroyed by Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt, or by Yama in battle, then who would go to Hastinapura? (04-42-18)

शरैरभिप्रणुन्नानां भग्नानां गहने वने। को हि जीवेत्पदातीनां भवेदश्वेषु संशयः ॥ आचार्यं पृष्ठतः कृत्वा तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥०४-४२-१९॥

śarair abhipraṇunnānām bhagnānām gahane vane। ko hi jīvet padātīnāṃ bhaved aśveṣu saṃśayaḥ॥ ācāryaṃ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā tathā nītir vidhīyatām ॥04-42-19॥

[शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows; अभिप्रणुन्नानाम् (abhipraṇunnānām) - driven (or struck) about; भग्नानाम् (bhagnānām) - broken; गहने (gahane) - in the dense; वने (vane) - forest; कः (kaḥ) - who; हि (hi) - indeed; जीवेत् (jīvet) - would live; पदातीनाम् (padātīnām) - of foot soldiers; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; अश्वेषु (aśveṣu) - for the horses; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - the teacher (Acharya); पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed; तथा (tathā) - thus; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - strategy; विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - should be established or arranged;]

(Of those driven by arrows, broken, in the dense forest, who indeed would live among the foot soldiers? Would there be any doubt regarding the horses? Having placed the teacher behind, thus should the strategy be arranged. (04-42-19))

Who among the foot soldiers, struck by arrows and broken in the dense forest, could possibly survive? Surely there would be no doubt concerning the horses. Having placed the teacher at the rear, thus should the strategy be organized. (04-42-19)

जानाति हि मतं तेषामतस्त्रासयतीव नः। अर्जुनेनास्य सम्प्रीतिमधिकामुपलक्षये ॥०४-४२-२०॥

jānāti hi mataṃ teṣām atas trāsayatīva naḥ। arjunenāsya samprītim adhikām upalakṣaye ॥04-42-20॥

[जानाति (jānāti) - he knows; हि (hi) - indeed; मतं (mataṃ) - opinion; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; त्रासयतीव (trāsayatīva) - seems to frighten; नः (naḥ) - us; अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna; अस्य (asya) - his; सम्प्रीतिम् (samprītim) - special affection; अधिकाम् (adhikām) - greater; उपलक्षये (upalakṣaye) - I perceive;]

(He knows indeed the opinion of them, therefore he seems to frighten us. By Arjuna, of him, greater affection I perceive.)

He surely knows their opinion; therefore, he seems to frighten us. In Arjuna, I perceive he has greater affection. (04-42-20)

तथा हि दृष्ट्वा बीभत्सुमुपायान्तं प्रशंसति। यथा सेना न भज्येत तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥०४-४२-२१॥

tathā hi dṛṣṭvā bībhatsum upāyāntaṃ praśaṃsati. yathā senā na bhajyeta tathā nītir vidhīyatām ॥04-42-21॥

[तथा (tathā) - in that way; हि (hi) - indeed; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing; बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - fearful (one); उपायान्तम् (upāyāntam) - approaching; प्रशंसति (praśaṃsati) - praised; यथा (yathā) - so that; सेना (senā) - army; न (na) - not; भज्येत (bhajyeta) - be broken; तथा (tathā) - in that manner; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - strategy; विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - should be arranged;]

(In that way indeed, seeing the fearful one approaching, (he) praised (him). So that the army may not be broken, in that manner the strategy should be arranged.)

Thus, indeed, seeing the fearful one approaching, he praises him. In such a way that the army is not broken, let the strategy be arranged. (04-42-21)

अदेशिका महारण्ये ग्रीष्मे शत्रुवशं गता। यथा न विभ्रमेत्सेना तथा नीतिर्विधीयताम् ॥०४-४२-२२॥

adeśikā mahāraṇye grīṣme śatruvaśaṃ gatā। yathā na vibhrametsenā tathā nītirvidhīyatām॥04-42-22॥

[अदेशिका (adeśikā) - without a guide; महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in a great forest; ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in the summer; शत्रुवशं (śatruvaśaṃ) - under the power of the enemy; गता (gatā) - having gone; यथा (yathā) - as; न (na) - not; विभ्रमेत् (vibhramet) - would wander; सेना (senā) - the army; तथा (tathā) - so; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy; विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - should be established;]

(Without a guide, in a great forest, in the summer, having come under the power of the enemy — as the army would not wander, so should policy be established.)

Just as, in a great forest in the heat of summer, an army without a guide, fallen under enemy control, would not falter (if well arranged), so let the policy be established. (04-42-22)

अश्वानां हेषितं श्रुत्वा का प्रशंसा भवेत्परे। स्थाने वापि व्रजन्तो वा सदा हेषन्ति वाजिनः ॥०४-४२-२३॥

aśvānāṃ heṣitaṃ śrutvā kā praśaṃsā bhavet pare. sthāne vā api vrajantaḥ vā sadā heṣanti vājinaḥ ॥04-42-23॥

[अश्वानां (aśvānām) - of horses; हेषितं (heṣitam) - neighing; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; का (kā) - what; प्रशंसा (praśaṃsā) - praise; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; परे (pare) - (for) others; स्थाने (sthāne) - in a place; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; व्रजन्तः (vrajantaḥ) - going; वा (vā) - or; सदा (sadā) - always; हेषन्ति (heṣanti) - neigh; वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - the steeds;]

(Hearing the neighing of horses, what praise would there be for others? In the place or even going, or always the steeds neigh.)

What praise is there for others on hearing the neighing of horses? Whether staying in a place or moving about, steeds always neigh. (04-42-23)

सदा च वायवो वान्ति नित्यं वर्षति वासवः। स्तनयित्नोश्च निर्घोषः श्रूयते बहुशस्तथा ॥०४-४२-२४॥

sadā ca vāyavo vānti nityaṃ varṣati vāsavaḥ. stanayitnoś ca nirghoṣaḥ śrūyate bahuśas tathā ॥04-42-24॥

[सदा (sadā) - always; च (ca) - and; वायवः (vāyavaḥ) - winds; वान्ति (vānti) - blow; नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly; वर्षति (varṣati) - rains; वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra; स्तनयित्नः (stanayitnaḥ) - of thunder; (genitive singular) च (ca) - and; निर्घोषः (nirghoṣaḥ) - roar; श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard; बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times; तथा (tathā) - thus;]

(Always and winds blow, constantly Indra rains. And the roar of thunder is heard many times thus.)

Always, the winds blow and Indra constantly brings rain. Likewise, the roar of thunder is heard many times. (04-42-24)

किमत्र कार्यं पार्थस्य कथं वा स प्रशस्यते। अन्यत्र कामाद्द्वेषाद्वा रोषाद्वास्मासु केवलात् ॥०४-४२-२५॥

kim atra kāryaṁ pārthasya kathaṁ vā sa praśasyate। anyatra kāmād dveṣād vā roṣād vā asmāsu kevalāt ॥04-42-25॥

[किम् (kim) - what; अत्र (atra) - here; कार्यं (kāryam) - to be done; पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Pārtha (Arjuna); कथं (kathaṁ) - how; वा (vā) - or; सः (sa) - he; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred; वा (vā) - or; रोषात् (roṣāt) - from anger; वा (vā) - or; अस्मासु (asmāsu) - towards us; केवलात् (kevalāt) - merely;]

(What here is to be done by Pārtha, how or he is praised? Elsewhere, from desire, from hatred or from anger or towards us merely.)

What action does Pārtha have here to do, and how is he to be praised? Or is it only elsewhere, from desire, hatred, or anger, or directed solely at us? (04-42-25)

आचार्या वै कारुणिकाः प्राज्ञाश्चापायदर्शिनः। नैते महाभये प्राप्ते सम्प्रष्टव्याः कथञ्चन ॥०४-४२-२६॥

ācāryā vai kāruṇikāḥ prājñāś cāpaya-darśinaḥ। naite mahā-bhaye prāpte sampraṣṭavyāḥ kathaṁcana॥04-42-26॥

[आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - teachers; वै (vai) - indeed; कारुणिकाः (kāruṇikāḥ) - compassionate; प्राज्ञाः (prājñāḥ) - wise; च (ca) - and; अपायदर्शिनः (apāya-darśinaḥ) - those who foresee danger; न (na) - not; एते (ete) - these; महाभये (mahā-bhaye) - in great danger; प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when arisen; सम्प्रष्टव्याः (sampraṣṭavyāḥ) - to be consulted; कथञ्चन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstance;]

(Teachers indeed compassionate, wise and those who foresee danger, these in great danger when arisen are not to be consulted under any circumstance.)

Teachers who are compassionate, wise, and discerning of danger should never be consulted when great danger has already arisen. (04-42-26)

प्रासादेषु विचित्रेषु गोष्ठीष्वावसथेषु च। कथा विचित्राः कुर्वाणाः पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥०४-४२-२७॥

prāsādeṣu vicitreṣu goṣṭhīṣvāvasatheṣu ca। kathā vicitrāḥ kurvāṇāḥ paṇḍitās tatra śobhanāḥ॥04-42-27॥

[प्रासादेषु (prāsādeṣu) - in palaces; (locative plural of prāsāda) विचित्रेषु (vicitreṣu) - in various (splendid, wonderful); (locative plural of vicitra) गोष्ठीषु (goṣṭhīṣu) - in assemblies; (locative plural of goṣṭhī) आवसथेषु (āvasatheṣu) - in residences; (locative plural of āvasatha) च (ca) - and; कथा (kathā) - stories; विचित्राः (vicitrāḥ) - varied; (nominative plural feminine of vicitra) कुर्वाणाः (kurvāṇāḥ) - performing; telling; (present active participle, nominative plural masculine of kṛ) पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - learned ones; (nominative plural masculine of paṇḍita) तत्र (tatra) - there; शोभनाः (śobhanāḥ) - splendid; excellent; (nominative plural masculine of śobhana);]

(In palaces, in various (wonderful) places, in assemblies, in residences and; stories varied, performing (telling), learned ones, there, splendid.)

In palaces, in various places, in assemblies, and in residences, the learned ones there who tell varied stories are splendid. (04-42-27)

बहून्याश्चर्यरूपाणि कुर्वन्तो जनसंसदि। इष्वस्त्रे चारुसन्धाने पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥०४-४२-२८॥

bahūny āścarya-rūpāṇi kurvanto jana-saṃsadi। iṣv-astre cāru-sandhāne paṇḍitās tatra śobhanāḥ ॥04-42-28॥

[बहूनि (bahūni) - many; आश्चर्यरूपाणि (āścarya-rūpāṇi) - wondrous forms; कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - doing; जनसंसदि (jana-saṃsadi) - in the assembly of people; इष्वस्त्रे (iṣv-astre) - in the art of bows and weapons; चारुसन्धाने (cāru-sandhāne) - in skillful joining (in aiming/linking); पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - wise ones; तत्र (tatra) - there; शोभनाः (śobhanāḥ) - splendid;]

(Many wondrous forms doing in the assembly of people, in the art of bows and weapons, in skillful joining, wise ones there (are) splendid.)

Those skilled ones, performing many wondrous feats in the assembly, are splendid there in the expert use and handling of bows and weapons. (04-42-28)

परेषां विवरज्ञाने मनुष्याचरितेषु च। अन्नसंस्कारदोषेषु पण्डितास्तत्र शोभनाः ॥०४-४२-२९॥

pareṣāṃ vivarajñāne manuṣyācariteṣu ca। annasaṃskāradoṣeṣu paṇḍitās-tatra śobhanāḥ॥04-42-29॥

[परेषां (pareṣāṃ) - of others; विवरज्ञाने (vivarajñāne) - in the knowledge of faults; मनुष्याचरितेषु (manuṣyācariteṣu) - in human behaviors; च (ca) - and; अन्नसंस्कारदोषेषु (annasaṃskāradoṣeṣu) - in faults of food preparation; पण्डिताः (paṇḍitāḥ) - the learned; तत्र (tatra) - there; शोभनाः (śobhanāḥ) - excellent;]

(Of others in the knowledge of faults, in human behaviors and in faults of food preparation, the learned there are excellent.)

The learned are excellent at discerning the faults of others, whether in human behavior or in the preparation of food. (04-42-29)

पण्डितान्पृष्ठतः कृत्वा परेषां गुणवादिनः। विधीयतां तथा नीतिर्यथा वध्येत वै परः ॥०४-४२-३०॥

paṇḍitān pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā pareṣāṃ guṇavādinaḥ। vidhīyatāṃ tathā nītir yathā vadhyeta vai paraḥ॥04-42-30॥

[पण्डितान् (paṇḍitān) - learned people; पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the back; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed; परेषां (pareṣāṃ) - of others; गुणवादिनः (guṇavādinaḥ) - speaking of merits; विधीयताम् (vidhīyatām) - let it be established; तथा (tathā) - in such a manner; नीतिः (nītiḥ) - policy; यथा (yathā) - so that; वध्येत (vadhyeta) - may be killed; वै (vai) - indeed; परः (paraḥ) - the other (enemy);]

(Having placed the learned people at the back, and those who speak of others' merits, let such a policy be established so that the other (enemy) may indeed be killed.)

After relegating the learned and those who praise the virtues of others to the background, let a policy be devised such that the enemy may indeed be destroyed. (04-42-30)

गावश्चैव प्रतिष्ठन्तां सेनां व्यूहन्तु माचिरम्। आरक्षाश्च विधीयन्तां यत्र योत्स्यामहे परान् ॥०४-४२-३१॥

gāvaścaiva pratiṣṭhantāṃ senāṃ vyūhantu māciram | ārakṣāśca vidhīyantāṃ yatra yotsyāmahe parān ||04-42-31||

[गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - certainly; प्रतिष्ठन्तां (pratiṣṭhantām) - let them be placed; सेनां (senām) - army; व्यूहन्तु (vyūhantu) - let (them) arrange in formation; मा (mā) - not; अचिरम् (aciram) - late; आरक्षाः (ārakṣāḥ) - guards; च (ca) - and; विधीयन्तां (vidhīyantām) - let them be appointed; यत्र (yatra) - where; योत्स्यामहे (yotsyāmahe) - (we) shall fight; परान् (parān) - enemies;]

(Cows and certainly let (them) be placed, let the army be arranged in formation, let it not be late. And let guards be appointed where we shall fight the enemies.)

Let the cows be placed securely and the army be arranged in formation quickly; let guards also be appointed where we shall fight the enemies. (04-42-31)