12.028
Library: Vyasa narrates the song of stone, told to King Janaka, on the importance of time and timely actions.
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (proper noun, name of a sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
ज्ञातिशोकाभितप्तस्य प्राणानभ्युत्सिसृक्षतः। ज्येष्ठस्य पाण्डुपुत्रस्य व्यासः शोकमपानुदत् ॥१२-२८-१॥
jñāti-śokābhitaptasya prāṇān abhyutsisṛkṣataḥ। jyeṣṭhasya pāṇḍu-putrasya vyāsaḥ śokam apānudat ॥12-28-1॥
[ज्ञाति (jñāti) - relative; शोक (śoka) - grief; अभितप्तस्य (abhitaptasya) - afflicted; प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths; अभ्युत्सिसृक्षतः (abhyutsisṛkṣataḥ) - desiring to give up; ज्येष्ठस्य (jyeṣṭhasya) - of the eldest; पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍu-putrasya) - of the son of Pāṇḍu; व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa; शोकम् (śokam) - grief; अपानुदत् (apānudat) - removed;]
(Vyāsa removed the grief of the eldest son of Pāṇḍu, who was afflicted by the grief of relatives and desiring to give up his life-breaths.)
Vyāsa dispelled the sorrow of the eldest Pāṇḍava, who was tormented by the grief of his kin and wished to give up his life.
व्यास उवाच॥
vyāsa uvāca॥
[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Vyāsa said;)
Vyāsa said.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। अश्मगीतं नरव्याघ्र तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-२८-२॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। aśmagītaṃ naravyāghra tan nibodha yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-28-2॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; अश्मगीतम् (aśmagītam) - song of the stone; नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - tiger among men; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history. O tiger among men, understand that 'song of the stone', Yudhiṣṭhira.)
Here too, they recount an ancient story. O Yudhiṣṭhira, best of men, listen to this 'song of the stone'.
अश्मानं ब्राह्मणं प्राज्ञं वैदेहो जनको नृपः। संशयं परिपप्रच्छ दुःखशोकपरिप्लुतः ॥१२-२८-३॥
aśmānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ prājñaṃ vaideho janako nṛpaḥ। saṃśayaṃ paripapraccha duḥkhaśokapariplutaḥ ॥12-28-3॥
[अश्मानम् (aśmānam) - Aśmāna (proper noun); ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - brāhmaṇa (a Brahmin); प्राज्ञम् (prājñam) - wise; वैदेहः (vaidehaḥ) - the Videhan (of Videha); जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka (proper noun); नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; संशयम् (saṃśayam) - doubt; परिपप्रच्छ (paripapraccha) - asked thoroughly; दुःखशोकपरिप्लुतः (duḥkhaśokapariplutaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow and grief;]
(King Janaka of Videha, afflicted by sorrow and grief, thoroughly asked the wise Brahmin Aśmāna his doubt.)
King Janaka of Videha, overwhelmed by sorrow and grief, asked the wise Brahmin Aśmāna about his doubt.
जनक उवाच॥
janaka uvāca॥
[जनक (janaka) - Janaka; (proper noun, name of a king); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Janaka said;)
Janaka said.
आगमे यदि वापाये ज्ञातीनां द्रविणस्य च। नरेण प्रतिपत्तव्यं कल्याणं कथमिच्छता ॥१२-२८-४॥
āgame yadi vāpāye jñātīnāṃ draviṇasya ca। nareṇa pratipattavyaṃ kalyāṇaṃ kathamicchatā ॥12-28-4॥
[आगमे (āgame) - in acquisition; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अपाये (apāye) - in loss; ज्ञातीनां (jñātīnām) - of relatives; द्रविणस्य (draviṇasya) - of wealth; च (ca) - and; नरेण (nareṇa) - by a man; प्रतिपत्तव्यम् (pratipattavyam) - should be undertaken; कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare; कथम् (katham) - how; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring;]
(In acquisition or in loss, of relatives and of wealth, by a man, welfare should be undertaken, how, by one desiring.)
Whether gaining or losing, regarding relatives and wealth, a man who desires welfare should always act in a way that brings about good.
अश्मोवाच॥
aśmovāca॥
[अश्मः (aśmaḥ) - stone; उवाच (uvāca) - spoke;]
(Stone spoke;)
The stone spoke.
उत्पन्नमिममात्मानं नरस्यानन्तरं ततः। तानि तान्यभिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च ॥१२-२८-५॥
utpannam imam ātmānaṃ narasya anantaraṃ tataḥ। tāni tāni abhivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca ॥12-28-5॥
[उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - arisen; इमम् (imam) - this; आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self; नरस्य (narasya) - of man; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; तानि (tāni) - those; तानि (tāni) - those; अभिवर्तन्ते (abhivartante) - come upon; दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows; च (ca) - and; सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures; च (ca) - and;]
(Arisen this self of man, immediately after that, those and those come upon, sorrows and pleasures and.)
As soon as this self arises in a man, thereafter, various sorrows and pleasures come upon him.
तेषामन्यतरापत्तौ यद्यदेवोपसेवते। तत्तद्धि चेतनामस्य हरत्यभ्रमिवानिलः ॥१२-२८-६॥
teṣām anyatarāpattau yadyadeva upasevate। tattaddhi cetanāmasya haratyabhram ivānilaḥ ॥12-28-6॥
[तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अन्यतरापत्तौ (anyatarāpattau) - on the occurrence of either; यत् (yat) - whatever; यद् (yad) - which; एव (eva) - indeed; उपसेवते (upasevate) - attends; तत् (tat) - that; तत् (tat) - that; हि (hi) - indeed; चेतनामस्य (cetanāmasya) - of the conscious being; हरति (harati) - removes; अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud; इव (iva) - like; अनिलः (anilaḥ) - wind;]
(Of them, on the occurrence of either, whatever indeed one attends, that indeed of the conscious being removes, like wind (removes) cloud.)
When either of these occurs, whatever one attends to, that indeed removes the consciousness, just as wind removes a cloud.
अभिजातोऽस्मि सिद्धोऽस्मि नास्मि केवलमानुषः। इत्येवं हेतुभिस्तस्य त्रिभिश्चित्तं प्रसिच्यति ॥१२-२८-७॥
abhijāto'smi siddho'smi nāsmi kevalamānuṣaḥ। ityevaṃ hetubhistasya tribhiścittaṃ prasicyati ॥12-28-7॥
[अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - nobly-born; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - perfected; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; न (na) - not; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; केवल (kevala) - only; मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human; इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - so; हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by causes; तस्य (tasya) - his; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; चित्तम् (cittam) - mind; प्रसिच्यति (prasicyati) - is sprinkled;]
(Nobly-born I am, perfected I am, not I am only human. Thus, by such causes, his mind is sprinkled by three.)
He thinks, "I am nobly-born, I am perfected, I am not merely human." In this way, by these three causes, his mind is influenced.
स प्रसिक्तमना भोगान्विसृज्य पितृसञ्चितान्। परिक्षीणः परस्वानामादानं साधु मन्यते ॥१२-२८-८॥
sa prasiktamanā bhogān visṛjya pitṛsañcitān। parikṣīṇaḥ parasvānām ādānaṃ sādhu manyate ॥12-28-8॥
[स (sa) - he; प्रसिक्तमना (prasiktamanā) - with attached mind; भोगान् (bhogān) - enjoyments; विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned; पितृसञ्चितान् (pitṛsañcitān) - accumulated by ancestors; परिक्षीणः (parikṣīṇaḥ) - impoverished; परस्वानाम् (parasvānām) - of others' wealth; आदानम् (ādānam) - taking; साधु (sādhu) - proper; मन्यते (manyate) - considers;]
(He, with an attached mind, having abandoned enjoyments accumulated by ancestors, being impoverished, considers taking others' wealth proper.)
He, whose mind is attached, having given up the enjoyments accumulated by his ancestors and being impoverished, considers it proper to take the wealth of others.
तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानमसाम्प्रतम्। प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभिः ॥१२-२८-९॥
tamatikrāntamaryādamādadānamasāmpratam। pratiṣedhanti rājāno lubdhā mṛgamiveṣubhiḥ ॥12-28-9॥
[तम् (tam) - him; अतिक्रान्त (atikrānta) - transgressed; मर्यादम् (maryādam) - boundary; आददानम् (ādadānam) - taking; असाम्प्रतम् (asāmpratam) - not appropriate (not timely); प्रतिषेधन्ति (pratiṣedhanti) - restrain; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; लुब्धाः (lubdhāḥ) - greedy; मृगम् (mṛgam) - deer; इव (iva) - like; इषुभिः (eṣubhiḥ) - with arrows;]
(Him, who has transgressed the boundary, taking what is not appropriate, the greedy kings restrain like a deer with arrows.)
Greedy kings restrain him who has crossed the boundary and taken what is not appropriate, just as they would restrain a deer with arrows.
ये च विंशतिवर्षा वा त्रिंशद्वर्षाश्च मानवाः। परेण ते वर्षशतान्न भविष्यन्ति पार्थिव ॥१२-२८-१०॥
ye ca viṃśativarṣā vā triṃśadvarṣāś ca mānavāḥ। pareṇa te varṣaśatān na bhaviṣyanti pārthiva ॥12-28-10॥
[ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; विंशतिवर्षा (viṃśativarṣā) - twenty years old; वा (vā) - or; त्रिंशद्वर्षाः (triṃśadvarṣāḥ) - thirty years old; च (ca) - and; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; परेण (pareṇa) - by much; ते (te) - they; वर्षशतान् (varṣaśatān) - hundred years; न (na) - not; भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - will become; पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king;]
(Who and those twenty years old or thirty years old humans, by much, they hundred years will not become, O king.)
O king, those humans who are twenty or thirty years old now, by far, will not reach a hundred years.
तेषां परमदुःखानां बुद्ध्या भेषजमादिशेत्। सर्वप्राणभृतां वृत्तं प्रेक्षमाणस्ततस्ततः ॥१२-२८-११॥
teṣāṃ paramaduḥkhānāṃ buddhyā bheṣajamādiśet। sarvapraāṇabhṛtāṃ vṛttaṃ prekṣamāṇastatastataḥ ॥12-28-11॥
[तेषां (teṣām) - of them; परमदुःखानां (paramaduḥkhānām) - of the extremely afflicted; बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intelligence; भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - remedy; आदिशेत् (ādiśet) - should prescribe; सर्वप्राणभृताम् (sarvapraāṇabhṛtām) - of all living beings; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct; प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing; ततस्ततः (tatastataḥ) - here and there;]
(Of them, of the extremely afflicted, with intelligence, remedy should prescribe; of all living beings, conduct observing, here and there.)
He should, with intelligence, prescribe remedies for those who are extremely afflicted; observing the conduct of all living beings here and there.
मानसानां पुनर्योनिर्दुःखानां चित्तविभ्रमः। अनिष्टोपनिपातो वा तृतीयं नोपपद्यते ॥१२-२८-१२॥
mānasānāṃ punaryonirduḥkhānāṃ cittavibhramaḥ। aniṣṭopanipāto vā tṛtīyaṃ nopapadyate ॥12-28-12॥
[मानसानाम् (mānasānām) - of the mental (beings); पुनः (punaḥ) - again; योनिः (yoniḥ) - birth; दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - of sufferings; चित्तविभ्रमः (citta-vibhramaḥ) - confusion of mind; अनिष्टोपनिपातः (aniṣṭa-upanipātaḥ) - falling into misfortune; वा (vā) - or; तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - a third (option); न (na) - not; उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - arises;]
(Of the mental (beings), again, birth, of sufferings, confusion of mind, falling into misfortune or a third (option) does not arise.)
For beings of mental origin, rebirth, suffering, or confusion of mind, or falling into misfortune—no third alternative arises.
एवमेतानि दुःखानि तानि तानीह मानवम्। विविधान्युपवर्तन्ते तथा सांस्पर्शकानि च ॥१२-२८-१३॥
evametāni duḥkhāni tāni tānīha mānavam। vividhānyupavartante tathā sāṃsparśakāni ca ॥12-28-13॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एतानि (etāni) - these; दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings; तानि (tāni) - those; तानि (tāni) - those; इह (iha) - here; मानवम् (mānavam) - man; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - befall; तथा (tathā) - so; सांस्पर्शकानि (sāṃsparśakāni) - arising from contact; च (ca) - and;]
(Thus, these sufferings, those, those, here, man. Various befall, so, arising from contact, and.)
Thus, all these sufferings, of various kinds, befall man here, as well as those arising from contact.
जरामृत्यू ह भूतानि खादितारौ वृकाविव। बलिनां दुर्बलानां च ह्रस्वानां महतामपि ॥१२-२८-१४॥
jarāmṛtyū ha bhūtāni khāditārau vṛkāviva। balināṃ durbalānāṃ ca hrasvānāṃ mahatāmapi ॥12-28-14॥
[जरा (jarā) - old age; मृत्यू (mṛtyu) - death; ह (ha) - indeed; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; खादितारौ (khāditārau) - the two eaters; वृकौ (vṛkau) - wolves; इव (iva) - like; बलिनां (balināṃ) - of the strong; दुर्बलानां (durbalānāṃ) - of the weak; च (ca) - and; ह्रस्वानां (hrasvānāṃ) - of the small; महताम् (mahatām) - of the great; अपि (api) - even;]
(Old age and death indeed are the two eaters of beings, like wolves, of the strong, of the weak, and of the small, even of the great.)
Old age and death devour all beings, just as wolves do, whether they are strong, weak, small, or even great.
न कश्चिज्जात्वतिक्रामेज्जरामृत्यू ह मानवः। अपि सागरपर्यन्तां विजित्येमां वसुन्धराम् ॥१२-२८-१५॥
na kaścijjātvatikrāmejjārāmṛtyū ha mānavaḥ। api sāgaraparyantāṃ vijityemāṃ vasundharām ॥12-28-15॥
[न (na) - not; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; जातु (jātu) - ever; अतिक्रामेत् (atikrāmet) - transgresses; जरामृत्यू (jarāmṛtyū) - old age and death; ह (ha) - indeed; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being; अपि (api) - even; सागरपर्यन्ताम् (sāgaraparyantām) - up to the ocean; विजित्य (vijitya) - having conquered; इमाम् (imām) - this; वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - earth;]
(Not anyone ever transgresses old age and death indeed, a human being; even having conquered this earth up to the ocean.)
No human being ever escapes old age and death, even if he conquers this entire earth up to the ocean.
सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं भूतानां पर्युपस्थितम्। प्राप्तव्यमवशैः सर्वं परिहारो न विद्यते ॥१२-२८-१६॥
sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ bhūtānāṃ paryupasthitam। prāptavyamavaśaiḥ sarvaṃ parihāro na vidyate ॥12-28-16॥
[सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; पर्युपस्थितम् (paryupasthitam) - presented; प्राप्तव्यम् (prāptavyam) - to be obtained; अवशैः (avaśaiḥ) - by those without control; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; परिहारः (parihāraḥ) - removal; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists;]
(Happiness or if or sorrow of beings presented, all to be obtained by those without control, removal not exists.)
Whether happiness or sorrow comes to beings, all that must be experienced by those who lack control; there is no escape from it.
पूर्वे वयसि मध्ये वाप्युत्तमे वा नराधिप। अवर्जनीयास्तेऽर्था वै काङ्क्षिताश्च ततोऽन्यथा ॥१२-२८-१७॥
pūrve vayasi madhye vāpyuttame vā narādhipa। avarjanīyāste'rthā vai kāṅkṣitāśca tato'nyathā ॥12-28-17॥
[पूर्वे (pūrve) - in former; earlier; वयसि (vayasi) - in age; in youth; मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle; in the midst; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; also; उत्तमे (uttame) - in the best; in the highest; वा (vā) - or; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king; lord of men; अवर्जनीयाः (avarjanīyāḥ) - to be acquired; to be collected; ते (te) - those; अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - objects; wealth; aims; वै (vai) - indeed; काङ्क्षिताः (kāṅkṣitāḥ) - desired; wished for; च (ca) - and; ततः (tataḥ) - than that; from that; अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise; differently;]
(In former age, in the middle, or even in the best, O king, those objects indeed to be acquired and desired, otherwise than that.)
O king, whether in youth, middle age, or old age, those objects which are to be acquired and desired should be sought; otherwise, it is not so.
सुप्रियैर्विप्रयोगश्च सम्प्रयोगस्तथाप्रियैः। अर्थानर्थौ सुखं दुःखं विधानमनुवर्तते ॥१२-२८-१८॥
supriyair-viprayogaś ca samprayogas tathāpriyaiḥ। arthānarthau sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vidhānam anuvartate ॥12-28-18॥
[सुप्रियैः (supriyaiḥ) - with very dear ones; विप्रयोगः (viprayogaḥ) - separation; च (ca) - and; सम्प्रयोगः (samprayogaḥ) - union; तथा (tathā) - also; अप्रियैः (apriyaiḥ) - with unpleasant ones; अर्थ (artha) - gain; अनर्थौ (anarthau) - and loss; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - and sorrow; विधानम् (vidhānam) - arrangement; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows;]
(Separation with very dear ones and union with unpleasant ones, gain and loss, happiness and sorrow—the arrangement follows.)
Separation from those who are very dear and union with those who are unpleasant, gain and loss, happiness and sorrow—all these occur according to arrangement (destiny or order).
प्रादुर्भावश्च भूतानां देहन्यासस्तथैव च। प्राप्तिव्यायामयोगश्च सर्वमेतत्प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१२-२८-१९॥
prādurbhāvaś ca bhūtānāṃ dehanyāsas tathaiva ca। prāptivyāyāmayogaś ca sarvam etat pratiṣṭhitam ॥12-28-19॥
[प्रादुर्भावः (prādurbhāvaḥ) - manifestation; creation; च (ca) - and; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; देह-न्यासः (deha-nyāsaḥ) - embodiment; assumption of a body; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; likewise; च (ca) - and; प्राप्ति-व्यायाम-योगः (prāpti-vyāyāma-yogaḥ) - attainment, effort, and union; च (ca) - and; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; everything; एतत् (etat) - this; प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established; fixed;]
(Manifestation and of beings, embodiment likewise and, attainment, effort, and union and, all this is established.)
The manifestation of beings, their embodiment, as well as attainment, effort, and union—all these are established.
गन्धवर्णरसस्पर्शा निवर्तन्ते स्वभावतः। तथैव सुखदुःखानि विधानमनुवर्तते ॥१२-२८-२०॥
gandhavarṇarasasparśā nivartante svabhāvataḥ। tathaiva sukhaduḥkhāni vidhānamanuvartate ॥12-28-20॥
[गन्ध (gandha) - smell; वर्ण (varṇa) - color; रस (rasa) - taste; स्पर्शा (sparśā) - touches; निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - turn away; स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - by nature; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; सुख (sukha) - pleasures; दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - pains; विधानम् (vidhānam) - arrangement; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows;]
(Smell, color, taste, and touches turn away by nature. In the same way, pleasures and pains, the arrangement follows.)
Smell, color, taste, and touch naturally cease. Similarly, pleasure and pain follow the arrangement.
आसनं शयनं यानमुत्थानं पानभोजनम्। नियतं सर्वभूतानां कालेनैव भवन्त्युत ॥१२-२८-२१॥
āsanaṃ śayanaṃ yānam utthānaṃ pāna-bhojanam। niyataṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ kālenaiva bhavanty uta ॥12-28-21॥
[आसनम् (āsanam) - sitting; seat; शयनम् (śayanam) - lying down; bed; यानम् (yānam) - movement; vehicle; उत्थानम् (utthānam) - rising; getting up; पानभोजनम् (pāna-bhojanam) - drinking and eating; नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed; regulated; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) - of all beings; कालेनैव (kālenaiva) - by time alone; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - happen; occur; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Sitting, lying down, movement, rising, drinking and eating — these are fixed for all beings and indeed happen only by time.)
Sitting, lying down, movement, rising, drinking and eating are all regulated for every being and occur only in due time.
वैद्याश्चाप्यातुराः सन्ति बलवन्तः सुदुर्बलाः। स्त्रीमन्तश्च तथा षण्ढा विचित्रः कालपर्ययः ॥१२-२८-२२॥
vaidyāś cāpy āturāḥ santi balavantaḥ sudurbalāḥ। strīmantaś ca tathā ṣaṇḍhā vicitraḥ kālaparyayaḥ ॥12-28-22॥
[वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) - physicians; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; आतुराः (āturāḥ) - patients; सन्ति (santi) - are; बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - strong; सुदुर्बलाः (sudurbalāḥ) - very weak; स्त्रीमन्तः (strīmantaḥ) - having women; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - likewise; षण्ढाः (ṣaṇḍhāḥ) - impotent; विचित्रः (vicitraḥ) - variegated; कालपर्ययः (kālaparyayaḥ) - change of time;]
(Physicians and also patients are strong, very weak, having women, and likewise impotent; the change of time is variegated.)
Both physicians and patients may be strong or very weak, may have women or be impotent; the change of time is diverse.
कुले जन्म तथा वीर्यमारोग्यं धैर्यमेव च। सौभाग्यमुपभोगश्च भवितव्येन लभ्यते ॥१२-२८-२३॥
kule janma tathā vīryam ārogyaṃ dhairyam eva ca। saubhāgyam upabhogaś ca bhavitavyena labhyate ॥12-28-23॥
[कुले (kule) - in a family; जन्म (janma) - birth; तथा (tathā) - and also; वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength; आरोग्यम् (ārogyaṃ) - health; धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and; सौभाग्यम् (saubhāgyam) - good fortune; उपभोगः (upabhogaḥ) - enjoyment; च (ca) - and; भवितव्येन (bhavitavyena) - by destiny; लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained;]
(In a family, birth and also strength, health, courage indeed and; good fortune and enjoyment are obtained by destiny.)
Birth in a family, strength, health, courage, good fortune, and enjoyment are all attained by destiny.
सन्ति पुत्राः सुबहवो दरिद्राणामनिच्छताम्। बहूनामिच्छतां नास्ति समृद्धानां विचेष्टताम् ॥१२-२८-२४॥
santi putrāḥ subahavo daridrāṇām anicchatām। bahūnām icchatāṃ nāsti samṛddhānāṃ viceṣṭatām॥12-28-24॥
[सन्ति (santi) - are; exist; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; सुबहवः (subahavaḥ) - many; दरिद्राणाम् (daridrāṇām) - of the poor; अनिच्छताम् (anicchatām) - of those not desiring; बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many; इच्छताम् (icchatām) - of those desiring; नास्ति (nāsti) - there is not; समृद्धानाम् (samṛddhānām) - of the prosperous; विचेष्टताम् (viceṣṭatām) - of those striving;]
(There are many sons of the poor who do not desire. Of many who desire, there are not (many sons) of the prosperous who strive.)
The poor who do not desire have many sons, but among the prosperous who strive, even those who desire do not have many sons.
व्याधिरग्निर्जलं शस्त्रं बुभुक्षा श्वापदं विषम्। रज्ज्वा च मरणं जन्तोरुच्चाच्च पतनं तथा ॥१२-२८-२५॥
vyādhir agnir jalaṃ śastraṃ bubhukṣā śvāpadaṃ viṣam | rajjvā ca maraṇaṃ jantor uccāc ca patanaṃ tathā ॥12-28-25॥
[व्याधि (vyādhi) - disease; अग्नि (agni) - fire; जलम् (jalam) - water; शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon; बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā) - hunger; श्वापदम् (śvāpadam) - wild animal; विषम् (viṣam) - poison; रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by rope; च (ca) - and; मरणम् (maraṇam) - death; जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a creature; उच्चात् (uccāt) - from a height; च (ca) - and; पतनम् (patanam) - falling; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Disease, fire, water, weapon, hunger, wild animal, poison, by rope and death, of a creature, from a height and falling, also.)
Disease, fire, water, weapons, hunger, wild animals, poison, death by rope, and falling from a height are also causes of death for a creature.
निर्याणं यस्य यद्दिष्टं तेन गच्छति हेतुना। दृश्यते नाभ्यतिक्रामन्नतिक्रान्तो न वा पुनः ॥१२-२८-२६॥
niryāṇaṃ yasya yaddiṣṭaṃ tena gacchati hetunā। dṛśyate nābhyatikrāmannatikrānto na vā punaḥ ॥12-28-26॥
[निर्याणम् (niryāṇam) - departure; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; यत् (yat) - which; दिष्टम् (diṣṭam) - ordained; तेन (tena) - by that; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; हेतुना (hetunā) - by cause; दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; न (na) - not; अभ्यतिक्रामन् (abhyatikrāman) - transgressing; अतिक्रान्तः (atikrāntaḥ) - having transgressed; न (na) - not; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(Departure which is ordained for whom, by that cause he goes; it is seen, not transgressing, not having transgressed, nor again.)
One departs at the time ordained for him, by that cause; it is seen that no one transgresses, nor has transgressed, nor will transgress again.
दृश्यते हि युवैवेह विनश्यन्वसुमान्नरः। दरिद्रश्च परिक्लिष्टः शतवर्षो जनाधिप ॥१२-२८-२७॥
dṛśyate hi yuvaiveha vinaśyan vasumān naraḥ। daridraś ca parikliṣṭaḥ śatavarṣo janādhipa ॥12-28-27॥
[दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen; हि (hi) - indeed; युवा (yuvā) - a young man; एव (eva) - only; इह (iha) - here; विनश्यन् (vinaśyan) - perishing; वसुमान् (vasumān) - wealthy; नरः (naraḥ) - man; दरिद्रः (daridraḥ) - poor; च (ca) - and; परिक्लिष्टः (parikliṣṭaḥ) - afflicted; शतवर्षः (śatavarṣaḥ) - hundred years old; जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - king;]
(Indeed, here a young man, even though wealthy, is seen perishing; and a poor, afflicted king of a hundred years is also seen.)
It is seen that even a wealthy young man perishes here, while a poor and afflicted king may live to a hundred years.
अकिञ्चनाश्च दृश्यन्ते पुरुषाश्चिरजीविनः। समृद्धे च कुले जाता विनश्यन्ति पतङ्गवत् ॥१२-२८-२८॥
akiñcanāś ca dṛśyante puruṣāś cirajīvinaḥ। samṛddhe ca kule jātā vinaśyanti pataṅgavat ॥12-28-28॥
[अकिञ्चनाः (akiñcanāḥ) - those without possessions; च (ca) - and; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; चिरजीविनः (cirajīvinaḥ) - long-lived; समृद्धे (samṛddhe) - in prosperous; च (ca) - and; कुले (kule) - family; जाता (jātā) - born; विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - perish; पतङ्गवत् (pataṅgavat) - like moths;]
(Those without possessions and men who are long-lived are seen; those born in a prosperous family perish like moths.)
There are people without possessions and some who live long; even those born in prosperous families perish like moths.
प्रायेण श्रीमतां लोके भोक्तुं शक्तिर्न विद्यते। काष्ठान्यपि हि जीर्यन्ते दरिद्राणां नराधिप ॥१२-२८-२९॥
prāyeṇa śrīmatāṃ loke bhoktuṃ śaktir na vidyate। kāṣṭhāny api hi jīryante daridrāṇāṃ narādhipa ॥12-28-29॥
[प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - generally; श्रीमतां (śrīmatāṃ) - of the wealthy; लोके (loke) - in the world; भोक्तुं (bhoktuṃ) - to enjoy; शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) - power; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; काष्ठानि (kāṣṭhāni) - wood pieces; अपि (api) - even; हि (hi) - indeed; जीर्यन्ते (jīryante) - decay; दरिद्राणां (daridrāṇāṃ) - of the poor; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king;]
(Generally, in the world, the power to enjoy does not exist for the wealthy. Even the wood pieces indeed decay for the poor, O king.)
O king, generally in this world, the wealthy lack the power to enjoy, while even the wood of the poor decays away.
अहमेतत्करोमीति मन्यते कालचोदितः। यद्यदिष्टमसन्तोषाद्दुरात्मा पापमाचरन् ॥१२-२८-३०॥
aham etat karomīti manyate kālacoditaḥ। yadyad iṣṭam asantoṣād durātmā pāpam ācaran ॥12-28-30॥
[अहम् (aham) - I; एतत् (etat) - this; करोमि (karomi) - do; इति (iti) - thus; मन्यते (manyate) - thinks; कालचोदितः (kālacoditaḥ) - impelled by time; यत्-यत् (yat-yat) - whatever; इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired; असन्तोषात् (asantoṣāt) - from dissatisfaction; दुरात्मा (durātmā) - wicked-minded; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; आचरन् (ācaran) - committing;]
(I this do thus thinks impelled by time; whatever desired from dissatisfaction wicked-minded sin committing.)
The wicked-minded person, impelled by time, thinks, "I am doing this"; from dissatisfaction, whatever is desired, he commits sin.
स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं प्रसङ्गान्निन्दिता बुधैः। दृश्यन्ते चापि बहवः सम्प्रसक्ता बहुश्रुताः ॥१२-२८-३१॥
striyo'kṣā mṛgayā pānaṃ prasaṅgān ninditā budhaiḥ। dṛśyante cāpi bahavaḥ samprasaktā bahuśrutāḥ॥12-28-31॥
[स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - dice; मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting; पानम् (pānam) - drinking; प्रसङ्गात् (prasaṅgāt) - from association; निन्दिताः (ninditāḥ) - condemned; बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; सम्प्रसक्ताः (samprasaktāḥ) - attached; बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - learned ones;]
(Women, dice, hunting, drinking, from association, are condemned by the wise; and also, many learned ones are seen attached (to these).)
Women, gambling, hunting, and drinking are condemned by the wise due to their associations; yet, even among the learned, many are seen to be attached to them.
इति कालेन सर्वार्थानीप्सितानीप्सितानि च। स्पृशन्ति सर्वभूतानि निमित्तं नोपलभ्यते ॥१२-२८-३२॥
iti kālena sarvārthānīpsitānīpsitāni ca। spṛśanti sarvabhūtāni nimittaṃ nopalabhyate ॥12-28-32॥
[इति (iti) - thus; कालेन (kālena) - by time; सर्वार्थानि (sarvārthāni) - all objects; इप्सितानि (īpsitāni) - desired; इप्सितानि (īpsitāni) - desired; च (ca) - and; स्पृशन्ति (spṛśanti) - touch; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; निमित्तम् (nimittam) - cause; न (na) - not; उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived;]
(Thus, by time, all objects, desired and undesired, touch all beings; the cause is not perceived.)
Thus, in time, all beings experience all objects, both desired and undesired; the cause is not perceived.
वायुमाकाशमग्निं च चन्द्रादित्यावहःक्षपे। ज्योतींषि सरितः शैलान्कः करोति बिभर्ति वा ॥१२-२८-३३॥
vāyum ākāśam agniṃ ca candrādityāv ahaḥkṣape। jyotīṃṣi saritaḥ śailān kaḥ karoti bibharti vā ॥12-28-33॥
[वा (vā) - or;]
(Air, space, fire, and the moon and sun, day and night, lights, rivers, mountains—who does or supports (all these)?)
Who is it that creates or sustains the air, space, fire, the moon and sun, day and night, the lights, rivers, and mountains?
शीतमुष्णं तथा वर्षं कालेन परिवर्तते। एवमेव मनुष्याणां सुखदुःखे नरर्षभ ॥१२-२८-३४॥
śītamuṣṇaṃ tathā varṣaṃ kālena parivartate। evameva manuṣyāṇāṃ sukhaduḥkhe nararṣabha ॥12-28-34॥
[शीत (śīta) - cold; उष्णं (uṣṇam) - heat; तथा (tathā) - likewise; वर्षं (varṣam) - rain; कालेन (kālena) - by time; परिवर्तते (parivartate) - changes; एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; मनुष्याणां (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; सुख (sukha) - happiness; दुःखे (duḥkhe) - sorrow; नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best of men;]
(Cold, heat, likewise rain, by time changes. Thus indeed, O best of men, happiness and sorrow of men (also change).)
Just as cold, heat, and rain change with time, O best of men, so too do happiness and sorrow in people's lives.
नौषधानि न शास्त्राणि न होमा न पुनर्जपाः। त्रायन्ते मृत्युनोपेतं जरया वापि मानवम् ॥१२-२८-३५॥
nauṣadhāni na śāstrāṇi na homā na punarjapāḥ। trāyante mṛtyunopetaṃ jarayā vāpi mānavam ॥12-28-35॥
[नौषधानि (nauṣadhāni) - medicines; न (na) - not; शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - scriptures; न (na) - not; होमाः (homāḥ) - oblations; न (na) - not; पुनर्जपाः (punarjapāḥ) - repeated recitations; त्रायन्ते (trāyante) - protect; मृत्युनोपेतम् (mṛtyunopetam) - afflicted by death; जरया (jarayā) - by old age; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; मानवम् (mānavam) - a human;]
(Medicines, not scriptures, not oblations, not repeated recitations protect a human afflicted by death or even by old age.)
Neither medicines, nor scriptures, nor oblations, nor repeated recitations can save a human who is afflicted by death or even by old age.
यथा काष्ठं च काष्ठं च समेयातां महोदधौ। समेत्य च व्यतीयातां तद्वद्भूतसमागमः ॥१२-२८-३६॥
yathā kāṣṭhaṃ ca kāṣṭhaṃ ca sameyātāṃ mahodadhau। sametya ca vyatīyātāṃ tadvad bhūtasamāgamaḥ ॥12-28-36॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; काष्ठं (kāṣṭham) - a log; च (ca) - and; काष्ठं (kāṣṭham) - a log; च (ca) - and; समेयातां (sameyātām) - might meet together; महोदधौ (mahodadhau) - in the great ocean; समेत्य (sametya) - having come together; च (ca) - and; व्यतीयातां (vyatīyātām) - might pass away; तद्वत् (tadvat) - in the same way; भूतसमागमः (bhūtasamāgamaḥ) - the meeting of beings;]
(Just as a log and a log might meet together in the great ocean, having come together and might pass away, in the same way is the meeting of beings.)
Just as two logs may meet by chance in the vast ocean, come together for a while, and then drift apart, so too is the meeting of living beings.
ये चापि पुरुषैः स्त्रीभिर्गीतवाद्यैरुपस्थिताः। ये चानाथाः परान्नादाः कालस्तेषु समक्रियः ॥१२-२८-३७॥
ye cāpi puruṣaiḥ strībhirgītavādyairupasthitāḥ। ye cānāthāḥ parānnādāḥ kālasteṣu samakriyaḥ ॥12-28-37॥
[ये (ye) - those; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - by men; स्त्रीभिः (strībhiḥ) - by women; गीतवाद्यैः (gītavādyaiḥ) - by singing and musical instruments; उपस्थिताः (upasthitāḥ) - attended; ये (ye) - those; च (ca) - and; अनाथाः (anāthāḥ) - helpless; परान्नादाः (parānnādāḥ) - eaters of others' food; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; तेषु (teṣu) - among them; समक्रियः (samakriyaḥ) - equal in action;]
(Those who are attended by men and women with singing and musical instruments, and those who are helpless, eaters of others' food—time is equal in action among them.)
Time acts equally among all—whether they are attended by men and women with music, or are helpless and dependent on others' food.
मातृपितृसहस्राणि पुत्रदारशतानि च। संसारेष्वनुभूतानि कस्य ते कस्य वा वयम् ॥१२-२८-३८॥
mātṛpitṛsahasrāṇi putradāraśatāni ca। saṃsāreṣvanubhūtāni kasya te kasya vā vayam ॥12-28-38॥
[मातृ (mātṛ) - mother; पितृ (pitṛ) - father; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; पुत्र (putra) - son; दार (dāra) - wife; शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds; च (ca) - and; संसारेषु (saṃsāreṣu) - in cycles of existence; अनुभूतानि (anubhūtāni) - experienced; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; ते (te) - those; कस्य (kasya) - of whom; वा (vā) - or; वयम् (vayam) - we;]
(Thousands of mothers and fathers, hundreds of sons and wives, have been experienced in cycles of existence; of whom are those, of whom or are we?)
We have experienced thousands of mothers and fathers, and hundreds of sons and wives, in the cycles of existence; to whom do they belong, and to whom do we belong?
नैवास्य कश्चिद्भविता नायं भवति कस्यचित्। पथि सङ्गतमेवेदं दारबन्धुसुहृद्गणैः ॥१२-२८-३९॥
naivāsya kaścidbhavitā nāyaṃ bhavati kasyacit। pathi saṅgatamevedaṃ dārabandhusuḥṛdgaṇaiḥ ॥12-28-39॥
[न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - of him; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; भविता (bhavitā) - will be; न (na) - not; अयम् (ayam) - this one; भवति (bhavati) - is; कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone; पथि (pathi) - on the path; सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - joined; एव (eva) - indeed; इदं (idaṃ) - this; दार (dāra) - wife; बन्धु (bandhu) - relative; सुहृत् (suḥṛt) - friend; गणैः (gaṇaiḥ) - by groups;]
(Not indeed of him anyone will be, nor is this one of anyone. On the path, this association indeed is with groups of wife, relatives, and friends.)
No one truly belongs to anyone, nor does anyone belong to this one. On the journey, this companionship is only with groups of wife, relatives, and friends.
क्वासं क्वास्मि गमिष्यामि को न्वहं किमिहास्थितः। कस्मात्कमनुशोचेयमित्येवं स्थापयेन्मनः ॥ अनित्ये प्रियसंवासे संसारे चक्रवद्गतौ ॥१२-२८-४०॥
kvāsaṃ kvāsmi gamiṣyāmi ko nvahaṃ kimihāsthitaḥ। kasmātkamanuśoceyamityevaṃ sthāpayenmanaḥ ॥ anitye priyasaṃvāse saṃsāre cakravad-gatau ॥12-28-40॥
[क्व (kva) - where; अस्मि (asmi) - am I; गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - will go; कः (kaḥ) - who; नु (nu) - indeed; अहम् (aham) - I; किम् (kim) - what; इह (iha) - here; आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - am situated; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; कम् (kam) - whom; अनुशोचेयम् (anuśoceyam) - should I grieve; इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this way; स्थापयेत् (sthāpayet) - should establish; मनः (manaḥ) - the mind; अनित्ये (anitye) - in the impermanent; प्रिय (priya) - dear; संवासे (saṃvāse) - association; संसारे (saṃsāre) - in the world; चक्रवत् (cakravat) - like a wheel; गतौ (gatau) - in the movement;]
(Where am I, where will I go, who indeed am I, what am I doing here? Why, for whom should I grieve—thus should one establish the mind. In the impermanent association with the dear ones, in the world moving like a wheel.)
One should reflect: "Where am I, where will I go, who truly am I, what am I doing here? Why, for whom should I grieve?" In this way, one should steady the mind, realizing that association with loved ones in this world is impermanent and ever-revolving like a wheel.
न दृष्टपूर्वं प्रत्यक्षं परलोकं विदुर्बुधाः। आगमांस्त्वनतिक्रम्य श्रद्धातव्यं बुभूषता ॥१२-२८-४१॥
na dṛṣṭapūrvaṃ pratyakṣaṃ paralokaṃ vidur-budhāḥ। āgamāṃs-tvanatikramya śraddhātavyaṃ bubhūṣatā ॥12-28-41॥
[न (na) - not; दृष्टपूर्वं (dṛṣṭapūrvaṃ) - seen before; प्रत्यक्षं (pratyakṣam) - directly perceived; परलोकं (paralokaṃ) - other world; विदुः (viduḥ) - know; बुधाः (budhāḥ) - wise ones; आगमान् (āgamān) - scriptures; तु (tu) - but; अनतिक्रम्य (anatikramya) - not transgressing; श्रद्धातव्यम् (śraddhātavyam) - should be believed; बुभूषता (bubhūṣatā) - by one desiring to live;]
(Not seen before, directly perceived, the other world, the wise know not; but not transgressing the scriptures, should be believed by one desiring to live.)
The wise do not know the other world through direct perception, as it has not been seen before; therefore, one who desires to live should believe in the scriptures without transgressing them.
कुर्वीत पितृदैवत्यं धर्माणि च समाचरेत्। यजेच्च विद्वान्विधिवत्त्रिवर्गं चाप्यनुव्रजेत् ॥१२-२८-४२॥
kurvīta pitṛdaivatyaṃ dharmāṇi ca samācaret। yajec ca vidvān vidhivat trivargaṃ cāpy anuvrajet ॥12-28-42॥
[कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should perform; पितृदैवत्यं (pitṛdaivatyaṃ) - ancestral and divine rites; धर्माणि (dharmāṇi) - righteous acts; च (ca) - and; समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should properly practice; यजेत् (yajet) - should sacrifice; च (ca) - and; विद्वान् (vidvān) - the learned one; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; त्रिवर्गं (trivargaṃ) - the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma); च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अनुव्रजेत् (anuvrajet) - should follow;]
(Should perform ancestral and divine rites, and should properly practice righteous acts; the learned one should also sacrifice according to rule, and should follow the three aims (dharma, artha, kāma).)
One should perform ancestral and divine rites and properly practice righteous acts; the learned person should also offer sacrifices according to rule and pursue the three aims of life (dharma, artha, and kāma).
संनिमज्जज्जगदिदं गम्भीरे कालसागरे। जरामृत्युमहाग्राहे न कश्चिदवबुध्यते ॥१२-२८-४३॥
saṁnimajjaj-jagad-idaṁ gambhīre kāla-sāgare| jarā-mṛtyu-mahā-grāhe na kaścid-avabudhyate ॥12-28-43॥
[संनिमज्जत् (saṁnimajjat) - completely sinking; जगत् (jagat) - the world; इदं (idaṁ) - this; गम्भीरे (gambhīre) - in the deep; कालसागरे (kāla-sāgare) - in the ocean of time; जरामृत्युमहाग्राहे (jarā-mṛtyu-mahā-grāhe) - with the great alligator of old age and death; न (na) - not; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - realizes;]
(This world is completely sinking in the deep ocean of time, with the great alligator of old age and death; not anyone realizes.)
No one realizes that this world is sinking in the deep ocean of time, seized by the great alligator of old age and death.
आयुर्वेदमधीयानाः केवलं सपरिग्रहम्। दृश्यन्ते बहवो वैद्या व्याधिभिः समभिप्लुताः ॥१२-२८-४४॥
āyurvedam adhīyānāḥ kevalaṃ saparigraham। dṛśyante bahavo vaidyā vyādhibhiḥ samabhiplutāḥ ॥12-28-44॥
[आयुर्वेदम् (āyurvedam) - science of life; ayurveda; अधीयानाः (adhīyānāḥ) - studying; reciting; केवलम् (kevalam) - only; merely; सपरिग्रहम् (saparigraham) - with possessions; with attachments; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; are observed; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) - physicians; doctors; व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by diseases; with diseases; समभिप्लुताः (samabhiplutāḥ) - completely afflicted; overwhelmed;]
(Those studying Ayurveda only with possessions are seen, many physicians completely afflicted by diseases.)
Many physicians who study Ayurveda only for material gain are themselves seen to be afflicted by diseases.
ते पिबन्तः कषायांश्च सर्पींषि विविधानि च। न मृत्युमतिवर्तन्ते वेलामिव महोदधिः ॥१२-२८-४५॥
te pibantaḥ kaṣāyāṃś ca sarpīṃṣi vividhāni ca। na mṛtyumativartante velām iva mahodadhiḥ ॥12-28-45॥
[ते (te) - they; पिबन्तः (pibantaḥ) - drinking; कषायान् (kaṣāyān) - astringent substances; च (ca) - and; सर्पींषि (sarpīṃṣi) - clarified butters; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death; अतिवर्तन्ते (ativartante) - cross over; वेलाम् (velām) - boundary; इव (iva) - like; महोदधिः (mahodadhiḥ) - great ocean;]
(They, drinking astringent substances and various clarified butters, do not cross over death, like the great ocean (does not cross) its boundary.)
Even though they drink astringent substances and various kinds of clarified butter, they do not overcome death, just as the great ocean does not cross its boundary.
रसायनविदश्चैव सुप्रयुक्तरसायनाः। दृश्यन्ते जरया भग्ना नगा नागैरिवोत्तमैः ॥१२-२८-४६॥
rasāyanavidaścaiva suprayuktarasāyanāḥ। dṛśyante jarayā bhagnā nagā nāgairivotttamaiḥ ॥12-28-46॥
[रसायनविदः (rasāyanavidaḥ) - knowers of rasāyana; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सुप्रयुक्तरसायनाः (suprayuktarasāyanāḥ) - those who have properly used rasāyana; दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen; जरया (jarayā) - by old age; भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken; नगाः (nagāḥ) - trees; नागैः (nágaiḥ) - by elephants; इव (iva) - like; उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - by the best;]
(Knower of rasāyana and indeed those who have properly used rasāyana are seen broken by old age, like trees by the best elephants.)
Even those who know rasāyana and have properly used it are seen broken by old age, just as trees are broken by the best elephants.
तथैव तपसोपेताः स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने रताः। दातारो यज्ञशीलाश्च न तरन्ति जरान्तकौ ॥१२-२८-४७॥
tathaiva tapasopetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ। dātāro yajñaśīlāśca na taranti jarāntakau॥12-28-47॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; तपसोपेताः (tapasopetāḥ) - endowed with austerity; स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने (svādhyāyābhyasane) - engaged in the practice of self-study; रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted; दातारः (dātāraḥ) - givers; यज्ञशीलाः (yajñaśīlāḥ) - having the nature of sacrifice; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; तरन्ति (taranti) - cross over; जरान्तकौ (jarāntakau) - old age and death;]
(In the same way, those endowed with austerity, devoted to the practice of self-study, givers, and those having the nature of sacrifice, do not cross over old age and death.)
Similarly, those who are endowed with austerity, devoted to self-study, generous, and inclined to sacrifice, do not overcome old age and death.
न ह्यहानि निवर्तन्ते न मासा न पुनः समाः। जातानां सर्वभूतानां न पक्षा न पुनः क्षपाः ॥१२-२८-४८॥
na hy ahāni nivartante na māsā na punaḥ samāḥ। jātānāṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ na pakṣā na punaḥ kṣapāḥ॥12-28-48॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; अहानि (ahāni) - days; निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - return; न (na) - not; मासाः (māsāḥ) - months; न (na) - not; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; समाः (samāḥ) - years; जातानाम् (jātānām) - of those born; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; न (na) - not; पक्षा (pakṣāḥ) - fortnights; न (na) - not; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; क्षपाः (kṣapāḥ) - nights;]
(Indeed, the days do not return, nor the months, nor again the years; for all beings that are born, neither the fortnights nor again the nights return.)
For all living beings that are born, the days, months, years, fortnights, and nights never return again.
सोऽयं विपुलमध्वानं कालेन ध्रुवमध्रुवः। नरोऽवशः समभ्येति सर्वभूतनिषेवितम् ॥१२-२८-४९॥
so'yaṃ vipulamadhvānaṃ kālena dhruvamadhruvaḥ। naro'vaśaḥ samabhyeti sarvabhūtaniṣevitam ॥12-28-49॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अयम् (ayam) - this; विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast; अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path; कालेन (kālena) - by time; ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certain; अध्रुवः (adhruvaḥ) - uncertain; नरः (naraḥ) - man; अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless; समभ्येति (samabhyeti) - approaches; सर्वभूत (sarvabhūta) - all beings; निषेवितम् (niṣevitam) - frequented;]
(He, this vast path, by time, certain (and) uncertain, man helpless approaches, frequented by all beings.)
He, being helpless, traverses this vast path of life, which is certain and uncertain by the force of time, and is frequented by all beings.
देहो वा जीवतोऽभ्येति जीवो वाभ्येति देहतः। पथि सङ्गतमेवेदं दारैरन्यैश्च बन्धुभिः ॥१२-२८-५०॥
deho vā jīvato'bhyeti jīvo vābhyeti dehataḥ। pathi saṅgatamevedaṃ dārairanyaiśca bandhubhiḥ ॥12-28-50॥
[देहः (dehaḥ) - body; वा (vā) - or; जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of the living (person); अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches; comes near; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - soul; living being; वा (vā) - or; अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches; comes near; देहतः (dehataḥ) - from the body; पथि (pathi) - on the path; सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - joined; accompanied; एव (eva) - indeed; only; इदं (idaṃ) - this; दारैः (dāraiḥ) - by wives; अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others; च (ca) - and; बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives;]
(The body either approaches the living (soul), or the soul approaches from the body. On the path, this (body) is indeed only accompanied by wives, others, and relatives.)
Either the body joins the living soul, or the soul departs from the body. On the journey (of life), this body is accompanied only by wives, other people, and relatives.
नायमत्यन्तसंवासो लभ्यते जातु केनचित्। अपि स्वेन शरीरेण किमुतान्येन केनचित् ॥१२-२८-५१॥
nāyam atyanta-saṃvāso labhyate jātu kenacit। api svena śarīreṇa kim utānyena kenacit॥12-28-51॥
[न (na) - not; अयम् (ayam) - this; अत्यन्त (atyanta) - perpetual; संवासः (saṃvāsaḥ) - association; लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained; जातु (jātu) - ever; केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone; अपि (api) - even; स्वेन (svena) - by one's own; शरीरेण (śarīreṇa) - body; किम् (kim) - what; उत (uta) - indeed; अन्येन (anyena) - by another; केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone;]
(This perpetual association is not ever obtained by anyone; even with one's own body, what to say of another by anyone?)
This constant association is never attained by anyone; even with one's own body, let alone with another.
क्व नु तेऽद्य पिता राजन्क्व नु तेऽद्य पितामहः। न त्वं पश्यसि तानद्य न त्वां पश्यन्ति तेऽपि च ॥१२-२८-५२॥
kva nu te'dya pitā rājan kva nu te'dya pitāmahaḥ। na tvaṃ paśyasi tān adya na tvāṃ paśyanti te'pi ca॥12-28-52॥
[क्व (kva) - where; नु (nu) - indeed; ते (te) - your; अद्य (adya) - today; पिता (pitā) - father; राजन् (rājan) - O king; क्व (kva) - where; नु (nu) - indeed; ते (te) - your; अद्य (adya) - today; पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather; न (na) - not; त्वम् (tvam) - you; पश्यसि (paśyasi) - see; तान् (tān) - them; अद्य (adya) - today; न (na) - not; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; ते (te) - they; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and;]
(Where indeed is your father today, O king? Where indeed is your grandfather today? You do not see them today, nor do they see you, also.)
O king, where is your father today, and where is your grandfather? Today, you do not see them, nor do they see you.
न ह्येव पुरुषो द्रष्टा स्वर्गस्य नरकस्य वा। आगमस्तु सतां चक्षुर्नृपते तमिहाचर ॥१२-२८-५३॥
na hyeva puruṣo draṣṭā svargasya narakasya vā। āgamastu satāṃ cakṣurnṛpate tamihācara ॥12-28-53॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; एव (eva) - certainly; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - seer; स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven; नरकस्य (narakasya) - of hell; वा (vā) - or; आगमः (āgamaḥ) - scripture; तु (tu) - but; सताम् (satām) - of the good; चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - eye; नृपते (nṛpate) - O king; तम् (tam) - that; इह (iha) - here; आचर (ācara) - practice; ॥१२-२८-५३॥ (॥12-28-53॥) - ॥12-28-53॥;]
(Not indeed certainly man seer of heaven of hell or. Scripture but of the good eye O king. That here practice.)
O king, no man is indeed a seer of heaven or hell; but scripture is the eye of the good—practice that here.
चरितब्रह्मचर्यो हि प्रजायेत यजेत च। पितृदेवमहर्षीणामानृण्यायानसूयकः ॥१२-२८-५४॥
caritabrahmacaryo hi prajāyeta yajeta ca। pitṛdevamaharṣīṇāmānṛṇyāyānasūyakaḥ ॥12-28-54॥
[चरित (carita) - practiced; ब्रह्मचर्यः (brahmacaryaḥ) - celibacy; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रजायेत (prajāyeta) - should beget offspring; यजेत (yajeta) - should perform sacrifices; च (ca) - and; पितृ (pitṛ) - of ancestors; देव (deva) - of gods; महर्षीणाम् (maharṣīṇām) - of great sages; आनृण्याय (ānṛṇyāya) - for freedom from debt; अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - without envy;]
(Having practiced celibacy indeed, one should beget offspring and perform sacrifices; for freedom from debt to ancestors, gods, and great sages, being without envy.)
After practicing celibacy, one should marry and perform sacrifices, thus fulfilling obligations to ancestors, gods, and sages, and remaining free from envy.
स यज्ञशीलः प्रजने निविष्टः; प्राग्ब्रह्मचारी प्रविभक्तपक्षः। आराधयन्स्वर्गमिमं च लोकं; परं च मुक्त्वा हृदयव्यलीकम् ॥१२-२८-५५॥
sa yajñaśīlaḥ prajane niviṣṭaḥ; prāgbrahmacārī pravibhaktapakṣaḥ. ārādhayan svargam imaṃ ca lokaṃ; paraṃ ca muktvā hṛdayavyalīkam ॥12-28-55॥
[स (sa) - he; यज्ञशीलः (yajñaśīlaḥ) - of sacrificial nature; प्रजने (prajane) - among people; निविष्टः (niviṣṭaḥ) - established; प्राक् (prāk) - formerly; ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student; प्रविभक्त (pravibhakta) - well-divided; पक्षः (pakṣaḥ) - side; आराधयन् (ārādhayan) - worshipping; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; इमम् (imam) - this; च (ca) - and; लोकम् (lokam) - world; परम् (param) - higher; च (ca) - and; मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having abandoned; हृदय (hṛdaya) - heart; व्यलीकम् (vyalīkam) - deceit;]
(He, of sacrificial nature, established among people; formerly a celibate student, with well-divided side. Worshipping heaven and this world; and the higher, having abandoned deceit of the heart.)
He, possessing a sacrificial disposition and established among people, who was formerly a celibate student with a well-disciplined mind, worshipped both heaven and this world; and, having abandoned all deceit from his heart, also attained the higher realm.
सम्यग्घि धर्मं चरतो नृपस्य; द्रव्याणि चाप्याहरतो यथावत्। प्रवृत्तचक्रस्य यशोऽभिवर्धते; सर्वेषु लोकेषु चराचरेषु ॥१२-२८-५६॥
samyagghi dharmaṃ carato nṛpasya; dravyāṇi cāpyāharato yathāvat। pravṛttacakrasya yaśo'bhivardhate; sarveṣu lokeṣu carācareṣu ॥12-28-56॥
[सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; हि (hi) - indeed; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; चरतः (carataḥ) - practicing; नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king; द्रव्याणि (dravyāṇi) - resources; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; आहरतः (āharataḥ) - acquiring; यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly; प्रवृत्तचक्रस्य (pravṛttacakrasya) - of him whose wheel of activity is set in motion; यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame; अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - increases; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - worlds; चराचरेषु (carācareṣu) - among moving and unmoving beings;]
(Indeed, for the king who properly practices duty and also properly acquires resources, the fame of him whose wheel of activity is set in motion increases in all worlds among moving and unmoving beings.)
When a king properly follows dharma and rightly acquires resources, his fame spreads everywhere, among all beings, both moving and unmoving.
व्यास उवाच॥
vyāsa uvāca॥
[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Vyāsa said;)
Vyāsa said.
इत्येवमाज्ञाय विदेहराजो; वाक्यं समग्रं परिपूर्णहेतुः। अश्मानमामन्त्र्य विशुद्धबुद्धि; र्ययौ गृहं स्वं प्रति शान्तशोकः ॥१२-२८-५७॥
ityevamājñāya videharājo; vākyaṃ samagraṃ paripūrṇahetuḥ. aśmānamāmantrya viśuddhabuddhiḥ; yayau gṛhaṃ svaṃ prati śāntaśokaḥ ॥12-28-57॥
[इति (iti) - thus; एवम् (evam) - in this manner; आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood; विदेहराजः (videharājaḥ) - the king of Videha; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the statement; समग्रम् (samagram) - entire; परिपूर्णहेतुः (paripūrṇahetuḥ) - having complete reason; अश्मानम् (aśmānam) - the stone; आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having addressed; विशुद्धबुद्धिः (viśuddhabuddhiḥ) - of pure intellect; ययौ (yayau) - went; गृहम् (gṛham) - to the house; स्वम् (svam) - his own; प्रति (prati) - towards; शान्तशोकः (śāntaśokaḥ) - with grief calmed;]
(Thus, having understood in this manner, the king of Videha, having fully comprehended the statement with complete reason, having addressed the stone, with pure intellect, went towards his own house, with grief calmed.)
Thus, understanding everything in this way, the king of Videha, after addressing the stone and with a purified mind, went to his own house, his sorrow having been calmed.
तथा त्वमप्यच्युत मुञ्च शोक; मुत्तिष्ठ शक्रोपम हर्षमेहि। क्षात्रेण धर्मेण मही जिता ते; तां भुङ्क्ष्व कुन्तीसुत मा विषादीः ॥१२-२८-५८॥
tathā tvam apy acyuta muñca śoka; muttiṣṭha śakropama harṣam ehi. kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa mahī jitā te; tāṃ bhuṅkṣva kuntīsuta mā viṣādīḥ ॥12-28-58॥
[तथा (tathā) - in that manner; त्वम् (tvam) - you; अपि (api) - also; अच्युत (acyuta) - O infallible one; मुञ्च (muñca) - release; शोक (śoka) - sorrow; मुत्तिष्ठ (muttiṣṭha) - arise; शक्रोपम (śakropama) - like Indra; हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy; एहि (ehi) - attain; क्षात्रेण (kṣātreṇa) - by the warrior's; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by the dharma; मही (mahī) - the earth; जिता (jitā) - conquered; ते (te) - by you; ताम् (tām) - her; भुङ्क्ष्व (bhuṅkṣva) - enjoy; कुन्तीसुत (kuntīsuta) - O son of Kuntī; मा (mā) - do not; विषादीः (viṣādīḥ) - be despondent;]
(In that manner, you also, O Acyuta, release sorrow; arise, like Indra, attain joy. By the warrior's dharma, the earth has been conquered by you; enjoy her, O son of Kuntī, do not be despondent.)
Therefore, you too, O Acyuta, cast off your sorrow; rise up, like Indra, and embrace joy. By the warrior's code, you have conquered the earth; enjoy it, O son of Kuntī, and do not grieve.
