12.037
Library: What should be eaten, what is praised as worthy to be given, and who is a worthy recipient?
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said:
एवमुक्तो भगवता धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः। चिन्तयित्वा मुहूर्तं तु प्रत्युवाच तपोधनम् ॥१२-३७-१॥
evam-ukto bhagavatā dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ। cintayitvā muhūrtaṃ tu pratyuvāca tapodhanam ॥12-37-1॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the venerable one; धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of dharma; युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira; चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having reflected; मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment; तु (tu) - but; प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied; तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - to the ascetic;]
(Thus addressed by the venerable one, the king of dharma, Yudhishthira, having reflected for a moment, but, replied to the ascetic.)
Thus, when addressed by the venerable one, Yudhishthira, the king of dharma, paused for a moment in thought and then replied to the ascetic.
किं भक्ष्यं किमभक्ष्यं च किं च देयं प्रशस्यते। किं च पात्रमपात्रं वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-३७-२॥
kiṁ bhakṣyaṁ kimabhakṣyaṁ ca kiṁ ca deyaṁ praśasyate। kiṁ ca pātramapātraṁ vā tanme brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-37-2॥
[किं (kiṁ) - what; भक्ष्यं (bhakṣyam) - to be eaten; किम् (kim) - what; अभक्ष्यं (abhakṣyam) - not to be eaten; च (ca) - and; किं (kiṁ) - what; च (ca) - and; देयं (deyam) - to be given; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; किं (kiṁ) - what; च (ca) - and; पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient; अपात्रं (apātram) - unworthy recipient; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(What is to be eaten, what is not to be eaten, and what is to be given is praised; what is a worthy recipient or an unworthy recipient, that tell me, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, tell me what should be eaten, what should not be eaten, what is praised as worthy to be given, and who is a worthy or unworthy recipient.
व्यास उवाच॥
vyāsa uvāca॥
[व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyāsa; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Vyāsa said;)
Vyāsa said:
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। सिद्धानां चैव संवादं मनोश्चैव प्रजापतेः ॥१२-३७-३॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। siddhānāṃ caiva saṃvādaṃ manoś caiva prajāpateḥ ॥12-37-3॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; सिद्धानाम् (siddhānām) - of the perfected beings; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; संवादम् (saṃvādam) - dialogue; मनोः (manoḥ) - of Manu; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of the progenitor (Prajāpati);]
(Here also they cite this ancient history, the dialogue of the perfected beings and indeed of Manu and indeed of the progenitor (Prajāpati).)
Here too, an ancient story is told: the conversation between the perfected beings, Manu, and Prajāpati.
सिद्धास्तपोव्रतपराः समागम्य पुरा विभुम्। धर्मं पप्रच्छुरासीनमादिकाले प्रजापतिम् ॥१२-३७-४॥
siddhāstapovrataparāḥ samāgamya purā vibhum। dharmaṃ papracchurāsīnamādikāle prajāpatim ॥12-37-4॥
[सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - perfected beings; तपः-व्रत-पराः (tapaḥ-vrata-parāḥ) - devoted to austerity and vows; समागम्य (samāgamya) - having assembled; पुरा (purā) - formerly; विभुम् (vibhum) - the all-pervading (Lord); धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - Dharma (righteousness); पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - asked; आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated; आदि-काले (ādi-kāle) - at the beginning of time; प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - the Lord of creatures (Prajāpati);]
(The perfected beings, devoted to austerity and vows, having assembled formerly, asked the all-pervading Lord, Dharma, who was seated at the beginning of time, Prajāpati.)
Long ago, the perfected beings devoted to austerity and vows assembled and asked Prajāpati, the all-pervading Lord, about Dharma, as he was seated at the beginning of time.
कथमन्नं कथं दानं कथमध्ययनं तपः। कार्याकार्यं च नः सर्वं शंस वै त्वं प्रजापते ॥१२-३७-५॥
katham annaṃ kathaṃ dānaṃ katham adhyayanaṃ tapaḥ। kāryākāryaṃ ca naḥ sarvaṃ śaṃsa vai tvaṃ prajāpate॥12-37-5॥
[कथम् (katham) - how; अन्नम् (annaṃ) - food; कथम् (katham) - how; दानम् (dānaṃ) - gift; कथम् (katham) - how; अध्ययनम् (adhyayanaṃ) - study; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; कार्य (kārya) - duty; अकार्यं (akāryaṃ) - non-duty; च (ca) - and; नः (naḥ) - to us; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; शंस (śaṃsa) - declare; वै (vai) - indeed; त्वम् (tvaṃ) - you; प्रजापते (prajāpate) - O Prajāpati;]
(How (is) food, how (is) gift, how (is) study, (how is) austerity? Duty and non-duty also to us all declare indeed you, O Prajāpati.)
O Prajāpati, please declare to us how food, gift, study, and austerity should be (performed), and also what is duty and non-duty.
तैरेवमुक्तो भगवान्मनुः स्वायम्भुवोऽब्रवीत्। शुश्रूषध्वं यथावृत्तं धर्मं व्याससमासतः ॥१२-३७-६॥
tairevamukto bhagavān manuḥ svāyambhuvo'bravīt। śuśrūṣadhvaṃ yathāvṛttaṃ dharmaṃ vyāsasamāsataḥ ॥12-37-6॥
[तैः (taiḥ) - by them; एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu; स्वायम्भुवः (svāyambhuvaḥ) - descendant of Svayambhu (Brahmā); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said; शुश्रूषध्वम् (śuśrūṣadhvam) - you all should listen (attend to); यथा (yathā) - as; आवृत्तम् (āvṛttam) - conducted (performed); धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma (righteousness); व्याससमासतः (vyāsasamāsataḥ) - in detail and in brief;]
(By them thus addressed, the venerable Manu, descendant of Svayambhu, said: "You all should listen to the dharma as it has been conducted, both in detail and in brief.")
Thus addressed by them, the venerable Manu Svayambhu said: "Listen to the dharma as it has been practiced, both in detail and in summary."
अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तपः। अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः क्षमेज्या धर्मलक्षणम् ॥१२-३७-७॥
adattasyānupādānaṃ dānamadhyayanaṃ tapaḥ। ahiṃsā satyamakrodhaḥ kṣamejyā dharmalakṣaṇam ॥12-37-7॥
[अदत्तस्य (adattasya) - of what is not given; अनुपादानम् (anupādānam) - taking; दानम् (dānam) - giving; अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) - non-violence; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; इज्या (ijyā) - sacrifice; धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of dharma;]
(Taking what is not given, giving, study, austerity, non-violence, truth, absence of anger, forgiveness, sacrifice—these are the characteristics of dharma.)
The characteristics of dharma are: not taking what is not given, generosity, study, austerity, non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, forgiveness, and sacrifice.
य एव धर्मः सोऽधर्मोऽदेशेऽकाले प्रतिष्ठितः। आदानमनृतं हिंसा धर्मो व्यावस्थिकः स्मृतः ॥१२-३७-८॥
ya eva dharmaḥ so'dharmo'deśe'kāle pratiṣṭhitaḥ। ādānam anṛtaṃ hiṃsā dharmo vyāvasthikaḥ smṛtaḥ ॥12-37-8॥
[य (ya) - who; एव (eva) - indeed; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; सः (saḥ) - he; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - adharma; अदेशे (adeśe) - in improper place; अकाले (akāle) - at improper time; प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - established; आदानम् (ādānam) - taking; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; हिंसा (hiṃsā) - violence; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; व्यावस्थिकः (vyāvasthikaḥ) - according to arrangement; स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered;]
(Who indeed is dharma, he is adharma, established in improper place and time. Taking, falsehood, violence—dharma is considered according to arrangement.)
That which is dharma in one context may be adharma in another, if established at the wrong place or time. Taking, falsehood, and violence may be considered dharma according to circumstances.
द्विविधौ चाप्युभावेतौ धर्माधर्मौ विजानताम्। अप्रवृत्तिः प्रवृत्तिश्च द्वैविध्यं लोकवेदयोः ॥१२-३७-९॥
dvividhau cāpyubhāvetau dharmādharmau vijānatām। apravṛttiḥ pravṛttiśca dvaividhyaṃ lokavedayoḥ ॥12-37-9॥
[द्विविधौ (dvividhau) - twofold; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; उभौ (ubhau) - both; एतौ (etau) - these; धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - dharma and adharma; विजानताम् (vijānatām) - of those who know; अप्रवृत्तिः (apravṛttiḥ) - non-engagement; प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - engagement; च (ca) - and; द्वैविध्यं (dvaividhyaṃ) - duality; लोकवेदयोः (lokavedayoḥ) - of the world and the Veda;]
(Twofold and also both these, dharma and adharma, for those who know; non-engagement and engagement and duality of the world and the Veda.)
For those who know, dharma and adharma are both twofold: non-engagement and engagement, representing the duality in worldly and Vedic matters.
अप्रवृत्तेरमर्त्यत्वं मर्त्यत्वं कर्मणः फलम्। अशुभस्याशुभं विद्याच्छुभस्य शुभमेव च ॥१२-३७-१०॥
apravṛtter amartyatvaṃ martyatvaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam। aśubhasyāśubhaṃ vidyāc chubhasya śubham eva ca ॥12-37-10॥
[अप्रवृत्तेः (apravṛtteḥ) - of non-action; अमर्त्यत्वं (amartyatvam) - immortality; मर्त्यत्वं (martyatvam) - mortality; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; अशुभस्य (aśubhasya) - of the unwholesome; अशुभं (aśubham) - unwholesome; विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know; शुभस्य (śubhasya) - of the wholesome; शुभम् (śubham) - wholesome; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Of non-action, immortality; mortality, of action, fruit. Of the unwholesome, unwholesome, one should know; of the wholesome, wholesome indeed and.)
Immortality is the result of non-action; mortality is the fruit of action. One should know that the result of unwholesome acts is unwholesome, and of wholesome acts is wholesome indeed.
एतयोश्चोभयोः स्यातां शुभाशुभतया तथा। दैवं च दैवयुक्तं च प्राणश्च प्रलयश्च ह ॥१२-३७-११॥
etayoś cobhayoḥ syātāṃ śubhāśubhatayā tathā। daivaṃ ca daivayuktaṃ ca prāṇaś ca pralayaś ca ha ॥12-37-11॥
[एतयोः (etayoḥ) - of these two; च (ca) - and; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both; स्याताम् (syātām) - may be; शुभाशुभतया (śubhāśubhatayā) - by auspiciousness and inauspiciousness; तथा (tathā) - likewise; दैवम् (daivam) - divine; च (ca) - and; दैवयुक्तम् (daivayuktam) - endowed with divinity; च (ca) - and; प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - life-breath; च (ca) - and; प्रलयः (pralayaḥ) - dissolution; च (ca) - and; ह (ha) - indeed;]
(Of these two, of both, may there be by auspiciousness and inauspiciousness likewise; divine and endowed with divinity and life-breath and dissolution indeed.)
Of these two, both may exist as auspicious and inauspicious; likewise, there are the divine, the divinely endowed, life-breath, and dissolution indeed.
अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणादशुभानां शुभं फलम्। ऊर्ध्वं भवति संदेहादिह दृष्टार्थमेव वा ॥ अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणात्प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥१२-३७-१२॥
aprekṣā-pūrva-karaṇād aśubhānāṃ śubhaṃ phalam। ūrdhvaṃ bhavati saṃdehād iha dṛṣṭārtham eva vā ॥ aprekṣā-pūrva-karaṇāt prāyaścittaṃ vidhīyate ॥12-37-12॥
[अप्रेक्षा (aprekṣā) - without prior consideration; पूर्व (pūrva) - before; करणात् (karaṇāt) - from the act; अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of inauspicious (acts); शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - afterwards; भवति (bhavati) - arises; सन्देहात् (saṃdehāt) - from doubt; इह (iha) - here; दृष्टार्थम् (dṛṣṭārtham) - for visible result; एव (eva) - only; वा (vā) - or; अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणात् (aprekṣā-pūrva-karaṇāt) - from an act done without prior consideration; प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed;]
(From an act done without prior consideration, the auspicious fruit of inauspicious (acts) arises; afterwards, from doubt, here only for visible result or otherwise. From an act done without prior consideration, expiation is prescribed.)
When an inauspicious act is performed without prior consideration, an auspicious result may arise; subsequently, due to doubt, expiation is prescribed here for a visible result or otherwise. Therefore, expiation is prescribed for acts done without prior consideration.
क्रोधमोहकृते चैव दृष्टान्तागमहेतुभिः। शरीराणामुपक्लेशो मनसश्च प्रियाप्रिये ॥ तदौषधैश्च मन्त्रैश्च प्रायश्चित्तैश्च शाम्यति ॥१२-३७-१३॥
krodhamohakṛte caiva dṛṣṭāntāgamhetubhiḥ। śarīrāṇām upakleśo manasaś ca priyāpriye॥ tad auṣadhaiś ca mantraiś ca prāyaścittaiś ca śāmyati॥12-37-13॥
[क्रोध (krodha) - anger; मोह (moha) - delusion; कृते (kṛte) - caused by; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दृष्टान्त (dṛṣṭānta) - example; आगम (āgama) - scripture; हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by causes; शरीराणाम् (śarīrāṇām) - of bodies; उपक्लेशः (upakleśaḥ) - affliction; मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind; च (ca) - and; प्रिय (priya) - pleasant; अप्रिय (apriya) - unpleasant; तत् (tat) - that; औषधैः (auṣadhaiḥ) - by medicines; च (ca) - and; मन्त्रैः (mantraiḥ) - by mantras; च (ca) - and; प्रायश्चित्तैः (prāyaścittaiḥ) - by expiations; च (ca) - and; शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides;]
(Affliction of bodies and of the mind, caused by anger and delusion, and also by examples, scriptures, and causes, regarding pleasant and unpleasant, that subsides by medicines, mantras, and expiations.)
Afflictions of the body and mind, arising from anger, delusion, examples, scriptures, and causes, concerning what is pleasant and unpleasant, are calmed by medicines, mantras, and acts of expiation.
जातिश्रेण्यधिवासानां कुलधर्मांश्च सर्वतः। वर्जयेन्न हि तं धर्मं येषां धर्मो न विद्यते ॥१२-३७-१४॥
jātiśreṇyadhivāsānāṃ kuladharmāṃś ca sarvataḥ। varjayen na hi taṃ dharmaṃ yeṣāṃ dharmo na vidyate ॥12-37-14॥
[जाति (jāti) - caste; श्रेणि (śreṇi) - guild; अधिवासानाम् (adhivāsānām) - of the residences; कुलधर्मान् (kuladharmān) - family duties; च (ca) - and; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - entirely; वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; तं (taṃ) - that; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - duty; येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty; न (na) - not; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists;]
(Of caste, guild, and residences, and family duties entirely, one should avoid; indeed, not that duty of whom duty does not exist.)
One should entirely avoid the duties of caste, guild, residence, and family, for those for whom such duties do not exist.
दश वा वेदशास्त्रज्ञास्त्रयो वा धर्मपाठकाः। यद्ब्रूयुः कार्य उत्पन्ने स धर्मो धर्मसंशये ॥१२-३७-१५॥
daśa vā vedaśāstrajñāstrayo vā dharmapāṭhakāḥ। yadbrūyuḥ kārya utpanne sa dharmo dharmasaṃśaye ॥12-37-15॥
[दश (daśa) - ten; वा (vā) - or; वेदशास्त्रज्ञाः (vedaśāstrajñāḥ) - knowers of Vedic scriptures; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; वा (vā) - or; धर्मपाठकाः (dharmapāṭhakāḥ) - teachers of dharma; यत् (yat) - what; ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they may say; कार्ये (kārye) - in an action; उत्पन्ने (utpanne) - arisen; सः (saḥ) - that; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; धर्मसंशये (dharmasaṃśaye) - in a doubt about dharma;]
(Ten or knowers of Vedic scriptures, or three teachers of dharma—what they may say when an action has arisen, that is dharma in a doubt about dharma.)
If there is doubt about dharma, whatever ten knowers of the Vedic scriptures or three teachers of dharma declare when an issue arises, that is to be regarded as dharma.
अरुणा मृत्तिका चैव तथा चैव पिपीलकाः। श्लेष्मातकस्तथा विप्रैरभक्ष्यं विषमेव च ॥१२-३७-१६॥
aruṇā mṛttikā caiva tathā caiva pipīlakāḥ। śleṣmātakastathā viprairabhakṣyaṃ viṣameva ca ॥12-37-16॥
[अरुणा (aruṇā) - reddish clay; मृत्तिका (mṛttikā) - earth; clay; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पिपीलकाः (pipīlakāḥ) - ants; श्लेष्मातकः (śleṣmātakaḥ) - śleṣmātaka tree; तथा (tathā) - likewise; विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by brāhmaṇas; अभक्ष्यम् (abhakṣyam) - not to be eaten; विषम् (viṣam) - poison; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Reddish clay, earth, and likewise ants, śleṣmātaka tree likewise, by brāhmaṇas not to be eaten, poison indeed and.)
Reddish clay, earth, ants, and the śleṣmātaka tree, as well as poison, are all not to be eaten by brāhmaṇas.
अभक्ष्या ब्राह्मणैर्मत्स्याः शकलैर्ये विवर्जिताः। चतुष्पात्कच्छपादन्यो मण्डूका जलजाश्च ये ॥१२-३७-१७॥
abhakṣyā brāhmaṇair matsyāḥ śakalair ye vivarjitāḥ। catuṣpāt kacchapād anyo maṇḍūkā jalajāś ca ye ॥12-37-17॥
[अभक्ष्या (abhakṣyāḥ) - not to be eaten; ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brāhmaṇas; मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fishes; शकलैः (śakalaiḥ) - with scales; ये (ye) - which; विवर्जिताः (vivarjitāḥ) - excluded; चतुष्पात् (catuṣpāt) - four-footed; कच्छपात् (kacchapāt) - from tortoise; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; मण्डूका (maṇḍūkāḥ) - frogs; जलजाः (jalajāḥ) - aquatic beings; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - which;]
(Not to be eaten by Brāhmaṇas are fishes with scales which are excluded, four-footed, other than tortoise, frogs, and aquatic beings which (are so).)
Brāhmaṇas must not eat those fishes with scales which are excluded, nor four-footed aquatic creatures other than tortoises, nor frogs, nor any other aquatic beings.
भासा हंसाः सुपर्णाश्च चक्रवाका बकाः प्लवाः। कङ्को मद्गुश्च गृध्राश्च काकोलूकं तथैव च ॥१२-३७-१८॥
bhāsā haṃsāḥ suparṇāś ca cakravākā bakāḥ plavāḥ। kaṅko madguś ca gṛdhrāś ca kākolūkaṃ tathaiva ca ॥12-37-18॥
[भासा (bhāsā) - herons; हंसाः (haṃsāḥ) - swans; सुपर्णाः (suparṇāḥ) - eagles; च (ca) - and; चक्रवाकाः (cakravākāḥ) - ruddy geese; बकाः (bakāḥ) - cranes; प्लवाः (plavāḥ) - diving birds; कङ्कः (kaṅkaḥ) - heron; मद्गुः (madguḥ) - pintail duck; च (ca) - and; गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures; च (ca) - and; काकोलूकं (kākolūkaṃ) - crows and owls; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and;]
(Herons, swans, eagles, and ruddy geese, cranes, diving birds, heron, pintail duck and vultures and crows and owls likewise and.)
Herons, swans, eagles, ruddy geese, cranes, diving birds, herons, pintail ducks, vultures, and also crows and owls were present there.
क्रव्यादाः पक्षिणः सर्वे चतुष्पादाश्च दंष्ट्रिणः। येषां चोभयतो दन्ताश्चतुर्दंष्ट्राश्च सर्वशः ॥१२-३७-१९॥
kravyādāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ sarve catuṣpādāś ca daṃṣṭriṇaḥ। yeṣāṃ cobhayato dantāś caturdaṃṣṭrāś ca sarvaśaḥ॥12-37-19॥
[क्रव्यादाः (kravyādāḥ) - flesh-eaters; पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds; सर्वे (sarve) - all; चतुष्पादाः (catuṣpādāḥ) - quadrupeds; च (ca) - and; दंष्ट्रिणः (daṃṣṭriṇaḥ) - those with fangs; येषां (yeṣāṃ) - of whom; च (ca) - and; उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides; दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - teeth; चतुर्दंष्ट्राः (caturdaṃṣṭrāḥ) - those with four fangs; च (ca) - and; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely;]
(Flesh-eaters, birds, all quadrupeds and those with fangs; of whom on both sides teeth, those with four fangs and entirely.)
All flesh-eating birds, all quadrupeds, and all those with fangs; those whose teeth are on both sides, and those with four fangs entirely.
एडकाश्वखरोष्ट्रीणां सूतिकानां गवामपि। मानुषीणां मृगीणां च न पिबेद्ब्राह्मणः पयः ॥१२-३७-२०॥
eḍaka-aśva-khara-uṣṭrīṇāṃ sūtikānāṃ gavām api। mānuṣīṇāṃ mṛgīṇāṃ ca na pibet brāhmaṇaḥ payaḥ ॥12-37-20॥
[एडक (eḍaka) - of the he-goat; अश्व (aśva) - of the horse; खर (khara) - of the donkey; उष्ट्रीणां (uṣṭrīṇām) - of the she-camels; सूतिकानां (sūtikānām) - of those who have recently given birth; गवाम् (gavām) - of cows; अपि (api) - even; मानुषीणां (mānuṣīṇām) - of human females; मृगीणां (mṛgīṇām) - of female deer; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa; पयः (payaḥ) - milk;]
(A Brāhmaṇa should not drink the milk of he-goats, horses, donkeys, she-camels, those who have recently given birth, cows even, human females, and female deer.)
A Brāhmaṇa must not drink the milk of he-goats, horses, donkeys, she-camels, animals that have recently given birth, cows (in such a state), human females, or female deer.
प्रेतान्नं सूतिकान्नं च यच्च किञ्चिदनिर्दशम्। अभोज्यं चाप्यपेयं च धेन्वा दुग्धमनिर्दशम् ॥१२-३७-२१॥
pretānnaṃ sūtikānnaṃ ca yac ca kiñcid anirdaśam। abhojyaṃ cāpy apeyaṃ ca dhenvā dugdham anirdaśam ॥12-37-21॥
[प्रेतान्नं (pretānnam) - food of the dead; सूतिकान्नं (sūtikānnam) - food of a woman after childbirth; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; अनिर्दशम् (anirdaśam) - not cut (not divided into pieces); अभोज्यं (abhojyam) - not to be eaten; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अपेयं (apeyam) - not to be drunk; च (ca) - and; धेन्वा (dhenvā) - by a cow; दुग्धम् (dugdham) - milk; अनिर्दशम् (anirdaśam) - not cut (not divided into pieces);]
(Food of the dead, food of a woman after childbirth, and anything which is not cut; also what is not to be eaten, not to be drunk, and milk not cut (not divided) by a cow.)
Food offered to the dead, food of a woman after childbirth, anything not divided into pieces, as well as what is inedible, undrinkable, and milk not separated by a cow, are all prohibited.
तक्ष्णश्चर्मावकर्तुश्च पुंश्चल्या रजकस्य च। चिकित्सकस्य यच्चान्नमभोज्यं रक्षिणस्तथा ॥१२-३७-२२॥
takṣṇaś carmāvakartuś ca puṁścalyā rajakasya ca। cikitsakasya yac cānnam abhojyaṁ rakṣiṇas tathā॥12-37-22॥
[तक्ष्णः (takṣṇaḥ) - carpenter; चर्म (carma) - leather; अवकर्तुः (avakartuḥ) - of the remover; च (ca) - and; पुंश्चल्या (puṁścalyā) - of an unchaste woman; रजकस्य (rajakasya) - of the washerman; च (ca) - and; चिकित्सकस्य (cikitsakasya) - of the physician; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; अन्नम् (annam) - food; अभोज्यम् (abhojyam) - not to be eaten; रक्षिणः (rakṣiṇaḥ) - of the guard; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(The leather of the carpenter and of the remover, and of an unchaste woman, and of the washerman; and the food of the physician, which is not to be eaten, likewise of the guard.)
The leather from a carpenter, a remover, an unchaste woman, and a washerman, as well as food from a physician and a guard, should not be consumed.
गणग्रामाभिशस्तानां रङ्गस्त्रीजीविनश्च ये। परिवित्तिनपुंषां च बन्दिद्यूतविदां तथा ॥१२-३७-२३॥
gaṇagrāmābhiśastānāṃ raṅgastrījīvinaś ca ye। parivittinapuṃṣāṃ ca bandidyūtavidāṃ tathā॥12-37-23॥
[गण (gaṇa) - group; ग्राम (grāma) - village; अभिशस्तानां (abhiśastānāṃ) - of the cursed; रङ्ग (raṅga) - stage; स्त्री (strī) - woman; जीविनः (jīvinaḥ) - those who live; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - who; परिवित्ति (parivitti) - of the paramour; नपुंषां (napuṃṣām) - of the impotent men; च (ca) - and; बन्दि (bandi) - of bards; द्यूत (dyūta) - of gamblers; विदां (vidām) - of the knowers; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Of the cursed among groups and villages, and those who live by stage-women, and those who are paramours, of impotent men, and also of bards, gamblers, and knowers.)
Those who are cursed in groups and villages, those who live by stage-women, paramours, impotent men, bards, gamblers, and such persons.
वार्यमाणाहृतं चान्नं शुक्तं पर्युषितं च यत्। सुरानुगतमुच्छिष्टमभोज्यं शेषितं च यत् ॥१२-३७-२४॥
vāryamāṇāhṛtaṃ cānnaṃ śuktaṃ paryuṣitaṃ ca yat। surānugatamucchiṣṭamabhojyaṃ śeṣitaṃ ca yat ॥12-37-24॥
[वार्यमाण (vāryamāṇa) - being restrained; आहृतं (āhṛtam) - brought; च (ca) - and; अन्नं (annaṃ) - food; शुक्तं (śuktam) - fermented; पर्युषितं (paryuṣitam) - stale; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which; सुर (sura) - liquor; अनुगतम् (anugatam) - followed by; उच्छिष्टम् (ucchiṣṭam) - leftover; अभोज्यं (abhojyaṃ) - inedible; शेषितं (śeṣitam) - remnant; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - which;]
(Food which is brought while being restrained, and which is fermented, stale, or whatever is followed by liquor, leftover, inedible, or remnant.)
Food that is brought against restraint, fermented, stale, associated with liquor, leftover, inedible, or remnants, is unfit for consumption.
पिष्टमांसेक्षुशाकानां विकाराः पयसस्तथा। सक्तुधानाकरम्भाश्च नोपभोज्याश्चिरस्थिताः ॥१२-३७-२५॥
piṣṭamāṃsekṣuśākānāṃ vikārāḥ payasastathā। saktudhānākarambhāśca nopabhojyāścirasthitāḥ ॥12-37-25॥
[पिष्ट (piṣṭa) - ground; (as in ground grains); मांस (māṃsa) - meat; (flesh); इक्षु (ikṣu) - sugarcane; (Saccharum officinarum); शाकानां (śākānāṃ) - of vegetables; (greens); विकाराः (vikārāḥ) - derivatives; (products, modifications); पयसः (payasaḥ) - of milk; (milk's); तथा (tathā) - also; (likewise); सक्तु (saktu) - roasted flour; (parched grain flour); धान (dhāna) - rice; (grain); आ (ā) - and; (together with); करम्भाः (karambhāḥ) - mixtures; (gruel, mash); च (ca) - and; (also); न (na) - not; (no); उपभोज्याः (upabhojyāḥ) - to be eaten; (fit for consumption); चिरस्थिताः (cirasthitāḥ) - long-stored; (kept for a long time);]
(Ground (grains), meat, sugarcane, of vegetables derivatives, of milk also; roasted flour, rice, and mixtures and not to be eaten long-stored.)
Derivatives of ground grains, meat, sugarcane, vegetables, and milk, as well as roasted flour, rice, and mixtures, if long-stored, are not to be consumed.
पायसं कृसरं मांसमपूपाश्च वृथा कृताः। अभोज्याश्चाप्यभक्ष्याश्च ब्राह्मणैर्गृहमेधिभिः ॥१२-३७-२६॥
pāyasaṃ kṛsaraṃ māṃsam apūpāś ca vṛthā kṛtāḥ। abhojyāś cāpy abhakṣyāś ca brāhmaṇair gṛhamedhibhiḥ ॥12-37-26॥
[पायसं (pāyasaṃ) - milk-rice; rice pudding; कृसरं (kṛsaraṃ) - porridge; gruel; मांसम् (māṃsam) - meat; अपूपाः (apūpāḥ) - cakes; fried cakes; च (ca) - and; वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain; uselessly; कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made; prepared; अभोज्याः (abhojyāḥ) - inedible; not to be eaten; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अभक्ष्याः (abhakṣyāḥ) - unfit to be eaten; forbidden food; च (ca) - and; ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by the Brāhmaṇas; गृहमेधिभिः (gṛhamedhibhiḥ) - by householders;]
(Milk-rice, porridge, meat, and cakes were made in vain; inedible and forbidden foods also by the Brāhmaṇas who are householders.)
Milk-rice, porridge, meat, and cakes were prepared in vain; they became inedible and forbidden to eat even by Brāhmaṇas who are householders.
देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च मुनीन्गृह्याश्च देवताः। पूजयित्वा ततः पश्चाद्गृहस्थो भोक्तुमर्हति ॥१२-३७-२७॥
devān pitṝn manuṣyāṃś ca munīn gṛhyāṃś ca devatāḥ। pūjayitvā tataḥ paścād gṛhastho bhoktum arhati ॥12-37-27॥
[देवान् (devān) - gods; पितॄन् (pitṝn) - ancestors; मनुष्यांश् (manuṣyāṃś) - humans; च (ca) - and; मुनीन् (munīn) - sages; गृह्यांश् (gṛhyāṃś) - household deities; च (ca) - and; देवताः (devatāḥ) - divinities; पूजयित्वा (pūjayitvā) - having worshipped; ततः (tataḥ) - then; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat; अर्हति (arhati) - is entitled;]
(gods, ancestors, humans, and sages, household deities and divinities having worshipped, then afterwards householder to eat is entitled.)
After worshipping the gods, ancestors, humans, sages, and household deities, the householder is then entitled to eat.
यथा प्रव्रजितो भिक्षुर्गृहस्थः स्वगृहे वसेत्। एवंवृत्तः प्रियैर्दारैः संवसन्धर्ममाप्नुयात् ॥१२-३७-२८॥
yathā pravrajito bhikṣur gṛhasthaḥ svagṛhe vaset। evaṃvṛttaḥ priyair dāraiḥ saṃvasan dharmam āpnuyāt ॥12-37-28॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; प्रव्रजितः (pravrajitaḥ) - one who has gone forth; भिक्षुः (bhikṣuḥ) - mendicant; गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder; स्वगृहे (svagṛhe) - in his own house; वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell; एवंवृत्तः (evaṃvṛttaḥ) - in this manner conducting himself; प्रियैः (priyaiḥ) - with beloved; दारैः (dāraiḥ) - with wives; संवसन् (saṃvasan) - living together; धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness; आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - should attain;]
(Just as a mendicant who has gone forth should dwell in his own house as a householder, so conducting himself, living together with beloved wives, he should attain righteousness.)
Just as a mendicant who has renounced the world should live in his own house as a householder, in the same way, conducting himself thus, living with his beloved wives, he should attain righteousness.
न दद्याद्यशसे दानं न भयान्नोपकारिणे। न नृत्तगीतशीलेषु हासकेषु च धार्मिकः ॥१२-३७-२९॥
na dadyād yaśase dānaṃ na bhayān nopakāriṇe। na nṛtta-gīta-śīleṣu hāsakeṣu ca dhārmikaḥ॥12-37-29॥
[न (na) - not; दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give; यशसे (yaśase) - for fame; दानम् (dānam) - gift; न (na) - not; भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear; न (na) - not; उपकारिणे (upakāriṇe) - to one who is not helpful; न (na) - not; नृत्त (nṛtta) - dance; गीत (gīta) - song; शीलेषु (śīleṣu) - among those of such habits; हासकेषु (hāsakeṣu) - among jesters; च (ca) - and; धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person;]
(One should not give a gift for fame, nor out of fear, nor to one who is not helpful; nor should a righteous person (associate) among those of dancing, singing habits, or among jesters.)
A righteous person should not give gifts for the sake of fame, out of fear, or to those who are not helpful; nor should he associate with those devoted to dancing, singing, or jesting.
न मत्ते नैव चोन्मत्ते न स्तेने न चिकित्सके। न वाग्घीने विवर्णे वा नाङ्गहीने न वामने ॥१२-३७-३०॥
na matte naiva conmatte na stene na cikitsake। na vāgghīne vivarṇe vā nāṅgahīne na vāmane॥12-37-30॥
[न (na) - not; मत्ते (matte) - in the intoxicated; नैव (na eva) - not indeed; च (ca) - and; उन्मत्ते (unmatte) - in the insane; न (na) - not; स्तेने (stene) - in the thief; न (na) - not; चिकित्सके (cikitsake) - in the physician; न (na) - not; वाग्घीने (vāgghīne) - in the eloquent; विवर्णे (vivarṇe) - in the discolored; वा (vā) - or; न (na) - not; अङ्गहीने (aṅgahīne) - in the one without limbs; न (na) - not; वामने (vāmane) - in the dwarf;]
(Not in the intoxicated, nor indeed in the insane, nor in the thief, nor in the physician, nor in the eloquent, nor in the discolored, or in the one without limbs, nor in the dwarf.)
There is no (prescribed) act in the intoxicated, nor indeed in the insane, nor in the thief, nor in the physician, nor in the eloquent, nor in the discolored, or in the one without limbs, nor in the dwarf.
न दुर्जने दौष्कुले वा व्रतैर्वा यो न संस्कृतः। अश्रोत्रिये मृतं दानं ब्राह्मणेऽब्रह्मवादिनि ॥१२-३७-३१॥
na durjane dauṣkule vā vratairvā yo na saṃskṛtaḥ। aśrotriye mṛtaṃ dānaṃ brāhmaṇe'brahmavādini ॥12-37-31॥
[न (na) - not; दुर्जने (durjane) - in a wicked person; दौष्कुले (dauṣkule) - in a bad family; वा (vā) - or; व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows; वा (vā) - or; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; संस्कृतः (saṃskṛtaḥ) - purified; अश्रोत्रिये (aśrotriye) - in a non-Vedic scholar; मृतं (mṛtam) - dead (thing); दानं (dānam) - gift; ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - to a Brāhmaṇa; अब्रह्मवादिनि (abrahmavādini) - not speaking of Brahman;]
(Not in a wicked person, or in a bad family, or by vows, who is not purified; a gift of a dead (thing) to a Brāhmaṇa who is not a speaker of Brahman, or not a Vedic scholar.)
A person who is not purified, whether by birth in a wicked family, by vows, or otherwise, and a gift of a dead thing to a Brāhmaṇa who is not a Vedic scholar or does not speak of Brahman, are not proper.
असम्यक्चैव यद्दत्तमसम्यक्च प्रतिग्रहः। उभयोः स्यादनर्थाय दातुरादातुरेव च ॥१२-३७-३२॥
asamyak caiva yad dattam asamyak ca pratigrahaḥ। ubhayoḥ syād anarthāya dātur ādātur eva ca॥12-37-32॥
[असम्यक् (asamyak) - not properly; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यत् (yat) - which; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; असम्यक् (asamyak) - not properly; च (ca) - and; प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance; उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - for both; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - for harm; दातुः (dātur) - of the giver; आदातुः (ādātur) - of the receiver; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(That which is not properly given and not properly accepted, for both, may be for harm, of the giver and of the receiver indeed and.)
If something is not properly given or not properly accepted, it may bring harm to both the giver and the receiver.
यथा खदिरमालम्ब्य शिलां वाप्यर्णवं तरन्। मज्जते मज्जते तद्वद्दाता यश्च प्रतीच्छकः ॥१२-३७-३३॥
yathā khadiramālambya śilāṃ vāpyarṇavaṃ taran। majjate majjate tadvaddātā yaśca pratīcchakaḥ ॥12-37-33॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; खदिरम् (khadiram) - khadira wood; आलम्ब्य (ālambya) - holding onto; शिलाम् (śilām) - a stone; वा (vā) - or; अपि (api) - even; अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - the ocean; तरन् (taran) - crossing; मज्जते (majjate) - sinks; मज्जते (majjate) - sinks; तद्वत् (tadvat) - in the same way; दाता (dātā) - the giver; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; प्रतीच्छकः (pratīcchakaḥ) - the receiver;]
(Just as, holding onto khadira wood or even a stone, crossing the ocean, one sinks, sinks; in the same way, the giver and the receiver (of gifts) sink.)
Just as one who tries to cross the ocean by holding onto khadira wood or a stone sinks, so too do both the giver and the receiver of gifts sink.
काष्ठैरार्द्रैर्यथा वह्निरुपस्तीर्णो न दीप्यते। तपःस्वाध्यायचारित्रैरेवं हीनः प्रतिग्रही ॥१२-३७-३४॥
kāṣṭhair ārdrair yathā vahniḥ upastīrṇaḥ na dīpyate। tapaḥ-svādhyāya-cāritraiḥ evaṃ hīnaḥ pratigrahī ॥12-37-34॥
[काष्ठैः (kāṣṭhaiḥ) - by wood; आर्द्रैः (ārdriaiḥ) - by wet; यथा (yathā) - just as; वह्निः (vahniḥ) - fire; उपस्तीर्णः (upastīrṇaḥ) - covered; न (na) - not; दीप्यते (dīpyate) - is kindled; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; स्वाध्याय (svādhyāya) - self-study; चारित्रैः (cāritraiḥ) - by conduct; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; हीनः (hīnaḥ) - devoid; प्रतिग्रही (pratigrahī) - recipient;]
(Just as fire covered by wet wood is not kindled, thus a recipient devoid of austerity, self-study, and conduct (is not kindled).)
Just as fire covered with wet wood does not blaze, so too a recipient lacking in austerity, self-study, and good conduct does not shine.
कपाले यद्वदापः स्युः श्वदृतौ वा यथा पयः। आश्रयस्थानदोषेण वृत्तहीने तथा श्रुतम् ॥१२-३७-३५॥
kapāle yadvad āpaḥ syuḥ śvadr̥tau vā yathā payaḥ। āśrayasthānadoṣeṇa vr̥ttahīne tathā śrutam ॥12-37-35॥
[कपाले (kapāle) - in a skull; यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as; आपः (āpaḥ) - waters; स्युः (syuḥ) - would be; श्वदृतौ (śvadr̥tau) - in a dog's vessel; वा (vā) - or; यथा (yathā) - just as; पयः (payaḥ) - milk; आश्रयस्थानदोषेण (āśrayasthānadoṣeṇa) - due to the fault of the place of support; वृत्तहीने (vr̥ttahīne) - when conduct is lacking; तथा (tathā) - so; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - scripture;]
(In a skull, just as waters would be, or in a dog's vessel, just as milk, due to the fault of the place of support, when conduct is lacking, so is scripture.)
Scripture, when not accompanied by proper conduct, is like water in a skull or milk in a dog's vessel—tainted by the fault of its support.
निर्मन्त्रो निर्व्रतो यः स्यादशास्त्रज्ञोऽनसूयकः। अनुक्रोशात्प्रदातव्यं दीनेष्वेवं नरेष्वपि ॥१२-३७-३६॥
nirmantro nirvrato yaḥ syādaśāstrajño'nasūyakaḥ। anukrośāt pradātavyaṃ dīneṣvevaṃ nareṣvapi ॥12-37-36॥
[निर्मन्त्रः (nirmantraḥ) - without mantra; निर्व्रतः (nirvrataḥ) - without vow; यः (yaḥ) - who; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; अशास्त्रज्ञः (aśāstrajñaḥ) - ignorant of śāstra; अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - non-envious; अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - out of compassion; प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be given; दीनेषु (dīneṣu) - to the poor; एवम् (evam) - thus; नरेषु (nareṣu) - to men; अपि (api) - also;]
(To one who is without mantra, without vow, who may be ignorant of śāstra, non-envious, out of compassion, it should be given to the poor, thus also to men.)
Charity should be given, out of compassion, even to those who lack mantras, vows, or scriptural knowledge, provided they are free from envy, to the poor and to people in general.
न वै देयमनुक्रोशाद्दीनायाप्यपकारिणे। आप्ताचरितमित्येव धर्म इत्येव वा पुनः ॥१२-३७-३७॥
na vai deyam anukrośād dīnāyāpy apakāriṇe। āptācaritam ity eva dharma ity eva vā punaḥ ॥12-37-37॥
[न (na) - not; वै (vai) - indeed; देयम् (deyam) - should be given; अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - out of compassion; दीनाय (dīnāya) - to the miserable; अपि (api) - even; अपकारिणे (apakāriṇe) - to the wrongdoer; आप्ताचरितम् (āptācaritam) - conducted by the trustworthy; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - only; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; इति (iti) - thus; एव (eva) - only; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(Not indeed should it be given out of compassion to the miserable, even to the wrongdoer. That which is conducted by the trustworthy, thus only is dharma, thus only or again.)
One should not give merely out of compassion to the miserable, even to a wrongdoer. That which is practiced by the trustworthy alone is dharma, or so it is said again.
निष्कारणं स्म तद्दत्तं ब्राह्मणे धर्मवर्जिते। भवेदपात्रदोषेण न मेऽत्रास्ति विचारणा ॥१२-३७-३८॥
niṣkāraṇaṃ sma taddattaṃ brāhmaṇe dharmavarjite। bhavedapātradoṣeṇa na me'trāsti vicāraṇā ॥12-37-38॥
[निष्कारणम् (niṣkāraṇam) - without cause; स्म (sma) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; दत्तम् (dattam) - given; ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - to a brāhmaṇa; धर्मवर्जिते (dharmavarjite) - devoid of dharma; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; अपात्रदोषेण (apātradoṣeṇa) - by the fault of unworthiness; न (na) - not; मे (me) - to me; अत्र (atra) - here; अस्ति (asti) - is; विचारणा (vicāraṇā) - consideration;]
(Without cause, indeed, that given to a brāhmaṇa devoid of dharma would be by the fault of unworthiness; not to me here is consideration.)
If something is given without cause to a brāhmaṇa who is devoid of dharma, it is tainted by the fault of unworthiness; I have no consideration here.
यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः। ब्राह्मणश्चानधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नामधारकाः ॥१२-३७-३९॥
yathā dārumayo hastī yathā carmamayo mṛgaḥ। brāhmaṇaś cānadhīyānas trayas te nāmadhārakāḥ ॥12-37-39॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; दारुमयः (dārumayaḥ) - wooden; हस्ती (hastī) - elephant; यथा (yathā) - just as; चर्ममयः (carmamayaḥ) - made of skin; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - animal; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brāhmaṇa; च (ca) - and; अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - not studying (the Veda); त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; ते (te) - they; नामधारकाः (nāmadhārakāḥ) - name-bearers; १२-३७-३९ (12-37-39) - 12-37-39;]
(Just as a wooden elephant, just as an animal made of skin, a brāhmaṇa who does not study (the Veda)—these three are name-bearers.)
Just as a wooden elephant or an animal made of skin, so too a brāhmaṇa who does not study the Veda—these three are only brāhmaṇas in name.
यथा षण्ढोऽफलः स्त्रीषु यथा गौर्गवि चाफला। शकुनिर्वाप्यपक्षः स्यान्निर्मन्त्रो ब्राह्मणस्तथा ॥१२-३७-४०॥
yathā ṣaṇḍho'phalaḥ strīṣu yathā gaurgavi cāphalā| śakunirvāpyapakṣaḥ syānnirmantrō brāhmaṇastathā ॥12-37-40॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; षण्ढः (ṣaṇḍhaḥ) - a eunuch; अफलः (aphalaḥ) - fruitless; स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women; यथा (yathā) - just as; गौः (gauḥ) - a cow; गवि (gavi) - among cows; च (ca) - and; अफलः (aphalā) - fruitless; शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - a bird; वा (vā) - or; अपक्षः (apakṣaḥ) - wingless; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; निर्मन्त्रः (nirmantraḥ) - without mantras; ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmaṇa; तथा (tathā) - so; ॥१२-३७-४०॥ (॥12-37-40॥) -;]
(Just as a eunuch is fruitless among women, just as a cow is fruitless among cows, or a bird may be wingless, so is a Brāhmaṇa without mantras.)
Just as a eunuch is fruitless among women, just as a cow is fruitless among cows, or a bird may be wingless, so too is a Brāhmaṇa without mantras.
ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः। यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥१२-३७-४१॥
grāma-dhānyaṃ yathā śūnyaṃ yathā kūpaś ca nirjalaḥ। yathā hutam anagnau ca tathaiva syān nirākṛtau ॥12-37-41॥
[ग्रामधान्यं (grāma-dhānyam) - village grain; यथा (yathā) - just as; शून्यं (śūnyam) - empty; यथा (yathā) - just as; कूपः (kūpaḥ) - well; च (ca) - and; निर्जलः (nirjalaḥ) - without water; यथा (yathā) - just as; हुतम् (hutam) - offering; अनग्नौ (anagnau) - in a fireless (place); च (ca) - and; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; निराकृतौ (nirākṛtau) - when rejected;]
(Village grain just as empty, just as a well and without water, just as offering in a fireless (place) and in the same way would be when rejected.)
Just as village grain is useless when empty, just as a well is useless without water, and just as an offering is useless in a fireless place, so too is something useless when rejected.
देवतानां पितॄणां च हव्यकव्यविनाशनः। शत्रुरर्थहरो मूर्खो न लोकान्प्राप्तुमर्हति ॥१२-३७-४२॥
devatānāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ca havyakavyavināśanaḥ। śatrurarthaharo mūrkho na lokānprāptumarhati ॥12-37-42॥
[देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the gods; पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of the ancestors; च (ca) - and; हव्यकव्यविनाशनः (havyakavyavināśanaḥ) - destroyer of offerings to gods and ancestors; शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy; अर्थहरः (arthaharaḥ) - one who takes away wealth; मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - fool; न (na) - not; लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to attain; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(The destroyer of offerings to gods and ancestors, the enemy, the taker of wealth, the fool, does not deserve to attain the worlds.)
One who destroys offerings to gods and ancestors, who is an enemy, who takes away others' wealth, or who is a fool, does not deserve to attain the worlds.
एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं यथा वृत्तं युधिष्ठिर। समासेन महद्ध्येतच्छ्रोतव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥१२-३७-४३॥
etat te kathitaṃ sarvaṃ yathā vṛttaṃ yudhiṣṭhira। samāsena mahad hy etac chrotavyaṃ bharatarṣabha ॥12-37-43॥
[एतत् (etat) - this; ते (te) - to you; कथितं (kathitaṃ) - told; सर्वं (sarvaṃ) - all; यथा (yathā) - as; वृत्तं (vṛttaṃ) - happened; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; समासेन (samāsena) - in summary; महत् (mahat) - great; हि (hi) - indeed; एतत् (etat) - this; श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas;]
(This to you has been told all as happened, O Yudhiṣṭhira. In summary, this great (matter) indeed is to be heard, O bull among the Bharatas.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, all this has been told to you as it happened. In summary, this great matter is to be heard, O best of the Bharatas.
