12.066
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said:
श्रुता मे कथिताः पूर्वैश्चत्वारो मानवाश्रमाः। व्याख्यानमेषामाचक्ष्व पृच्छतो मे पितामह ॥१२-६६-१॥
śrutā me kathitāḥ pūrvaiś catvāro mānavāśramāḥ। vyākhyānam eṣām ācakṣva pṛcchato me pitāmaha ॥12-66-1॥
[श्रुता (śrutā) - heard; मे (me) - by me; कथिताः (kathitāḥ) - told; पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the ancients; चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four; मानवाश्रमाः (mānavāśramāḥ) - human stages of life; व्याख्यानम् (vyākhyānam) - explanation; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - explain; पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - asking; मे (me) - to me; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(Heard by me, told by the ancients, the four human stages of life. The explanation of these, explain, to me asking, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, I have heard from the ancients about the four human stages of life. Please explain their meaning to me, as I am asking you.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
विदिताः सर्व एवेह धर्मास्तव युधिष्ठिर। यथा मम महाबाहो विदिताः साधुसंमताः ॥१२-६६-२॥
viditāḥ sarva eveha dharmās tava yudhiṣṭhira। yathā mama mahābāho viditāḥ sādhu-saṃmatāḥ ॥12-66-2॥
[विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; इह (iha) - here; धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - dharmas; तव (tava) - your; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; यथा (yathā) - just as; मम (mama) - to me; महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed; विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known; साधुसंमताः (sādhu-saṃmatāḥ) - approved by the virtuous;]
(Known are all indeed here dharmas to you, Yudhiṣṭhira, just as to me, O mighty-armed, (they are) known, approved by the virtuous.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, all the dharmas here are known to you, just as they are to me, O mighty-armed one, and they are approved by the virtuous.
यत्तु लिङ्गान्तरगतं पृच्छसे मां युधिष्ठिर। धर्मं धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ तन्निबोध नराधिप ॥१२-६६-३॥
yattu liṅgāntaragataṃ pṛcchase māṃ yudhiṣṭhira। dharmaṃ dharmabhṛtāṃ śreṣṭha tannibodha narādhipa ॥12-66-3॥
[यत् (yat) - which; तु (tu) - but; लिङ्ग-अन्तर-गतं (liṅga-antara-gataṃ) - having entered another sign; पृच्छसे (pṛcchase) - you ask; माम् (mām) - me; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; धर्म-भृतां (dharma-bhṛtāṃ) - of the upholders of dharma; श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; नर-अधिप (nara-adhipa) - O king of men;]
(But which, having entered another sign, you ask me, O Yudhishthira, dharma, O best of the upholders of dharma, that understand, O king of men.)
O Yudhishthira, you ask me about the dharma that is hidden in another sign; O best of the upholders of dharma, O king of men, understand that.
सर्वाण्येतानि कौन्तेय विद्यन्ते मनुजर्षभ। साध्वाचारप्रवृत्तानां चातुराश्रम्यकर्मणाम् ॥१२-६६-४॥
sarvāṇyetāni kaunteya vidyante manujarṣabha। sādhvācārapravṛttānāṃ cāturāśramyakarmaṇām ॥12-66-4॥
[सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; एतानि (etāni) - these; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; विद्यन्ते (vidyante) - are found; मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - O best among men; साध्वाचारप्रवृत्तानां (sādhvācārapravṛttānāṃ) - of those engaged in righteous conduct; चातुराश्रम्यकर्मणाम् (cāturāśramyakarmaṇām) - of the duties of the four āśramas;]
(All these, O son of Kunti, O best among men, are found among those engaged in righteous conduct and in the duties of the four āśramas.)
O son of Kunti, O best among men, all these qualities are found among those who are engaged in righteous conduct and in the duties of the four āśramas.
अकामद्वेषयुक्तस्य दण्डनीत्या युधिष्ठिर। समेक्षिणश्च भूतेषु भैक्षाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-५॥
akāmadveṣayuktasya daṇḍanītyā yudhiṣṭhira. samekṣiṇaś ca bhūteṣu bhaikṣāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-5॥
[अकाम (akāma) - without desire; द्वेषयुक्तस्य (dveṣayuktasya) - endowed with hatred; दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the policy of punishment; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira; समेक्षिणः (samekṣiṇaḥ) - one who observes equally; च (ca) - and; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings; भैक्षाश्रमपदं (bhaikṣāśramapadam) - the stage of mendicancy; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; ॥१२-६६-५॥ (॥12-66-5॥) - ;]
(For one who is without desire and endowed with hatred, by the policy of punishment, O Yudhiṣṭhira, and for one who observes equally among beings, the stage of mendicancy should be.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, for one who is free from desire and hatred, who observes all beings equally, the path of mendicancy (bhaikṣāśrama) is appropriate according to the policy of punishment.
वेत्त्यादानविसर्गं यो निग्रहानुग्रहौ तथा। यथोक्तवृत्तेर्वीरस्य क्षेमाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-६॥
vettyādānavisargaṃ yo nigrahānugrahau tathā| yathoktavṛttervīrasya kṣemāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-6॥
[वेत्ति (vetti) - knows; आदान (ādāna) - taking; विसर्गं (visargaṃ) - giving away; यः (yaḥ) - who; निग्रह (nigraha) - restraint; अनुग्रहौ (anugrahau) - and favour; तथा (tathā) - also; यथोक्त (yathokta) - as stated; वृत्तेः (vṛtteḥ) - of conduct; वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of the hero; क्षेम (kṣema) - welfare; आश्रम (āśrama) - hermitage; पदं (padaṃ) - state; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes;]
(He who knows taking and giving away, restraint and favour also, as stated, of conduct, of the hero, the state of welfare and hermitage becomes.)
He who understands both the acts of taking and giving, as well as restraint and favour, and who acts according to the prescribed conduct, attains the state of welfare and peace suitable for a hero. (12-66-6)
ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिमित्राणि व्यापन्नानि युधिष्ठिर। समभ्युद्धरमाणस्य दीक्षाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-७॥
jñātisambandhimitrāṇi vyāpannāni yudhiṣṭhira। samabhyuddharamāṇasya dīkṣāśramapadaṃ bhavet॥12-66-7॥
[ज्ञाति (jñāti) - relative; सम्बन्धि (sambandhi) - connected; मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends; व्यापन्नानि (vyāpannāni) - afflicted; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; सम् (sam) - together; अभ्युद्धरमाणस्य (abhyuddharamāṇasya) - of one who is rescuing; दीक्षा (dīkṣā) - initiation; आश्रम (āśrama) - hermitage; पदं (padaṃ) - state; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(Relatives, connected ones, and friends afflicted, O Yudhishthira, for one who is rescuing together, the state of initiation and hermitage should be.)
O Yudhishthira, when one's relatives, connections, and friends are afflicted, for one who is striving to rescue them, the state of initiation and hermitage is appropriate.
आह्निकं भूतयज्ञांश्च पितृयज्ञांश्च मानुषान्। कुर्वतः पार्थ विपुलान्वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-८॥
āhnikam bhūtayajñāṃś ca pitṛyajñāṃś ca mānuṣān। kurvataḥ pārtha vipulān vanyāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-8॥
[आह्निकं (āhnikam) - daily (ritual); भूतयज्ञान् (bhūtayajñān) - offerings to beings; च (ca) - and; पितृयज्ञान् (pitṛyajñān) - offerings to ancestors; च (ca) - and; मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - human (rituals); कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - performing; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; विपुलान् (vipulān) - abundant; वन्याश्रमपदं (vanyāśramapadam) - forest hermitage (stage); भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes;]
(Daily, offerings to beings and offerings to ancestors and human (rituals), performing, O Pārtha, abundant, forest hermitage (stage) becomes.)
O Pārtha, for one performing daily, abundant offerings to beings, ancestors, and humans, the stage of the forest hermitage becomes appropriate.
पालनात्सर्वभूतानां स्वराष्ट्रपरिपालनात्। दीक्षा बहुविधा राज्ञो वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-९॥
pālanātsarvabhūtānāṃ svarāṣṭraparipālanāt। dīkṣā bahuvidhā rājño vanyāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-9॥
[पालनात् (pālanāt) - from protection; from maintenance; सर्वभूतानां (sarvabhūtānāṃ) - of all beings; स्वराष्ट्रपरिपालनात् (svarāṣṭraparipālanāt) - from the protection of one's own kingdom; दीक्षा (dīkṣā) - consecration; initiation; बहुविधा (bahuvidhā) - of many kinds; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; वन्याश्रमपदं (vanyāśramapadam) - the stage of forest hermitage; भवेत् (bhavet) - may become; may be;]
(From the protection of all beings, from the protection of one's own kingdom, the consecration of the king is of many kinds; the stage of forest hermitage may become (his).)
By protecting all beings and his own kingdom, the king's consecration takes many forms; he may then enter the stage of forest hermitage.
वेदाध्ययननित्यत्वं क्षमाथाचार्यपूजनम्। तथोपाध्यायशुश्रूषा ब्रह्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-१०॥
vedādhyayana-nityatvaṃ kṣamāthācāryapūjanam। tathopādhyāyaśuśrūṣā brahmāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-10॥
[वेद (veda) - Veda; अध्ययन (adhyayana) - study; नित्यत्वं (nityatvam) - constancy; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forbearance; आचार्य (ācārya) - teacher; पूजनम् (pūjanam) - worship; तथा (tathā) - likewise; उपाध्याय (upādhyāya) - sub-teacher; शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) - service; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; आश्रम (āśrama) - hermitage; पदं (padam) - state; भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes;]
(Veda study constancy, forbearance, teacher worship; likewise, sub-teacher service, Brahman hermitage state becomes.)
Constancy in Vedic study, forbearance, worship of the teacher, and likewise service to the sub-teacher—these constitute the state of the Brahmanical hermitage.
अजिह्ममशठं मार्गं सेवमानस्य भारत। सर्वदा सर्वभूतेषु ब्रह्माश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-११॥
ajihmamaśaṭhaṃ mārgaṃ sevamānasya bhārata। sarvadā sarvabhūteṣu brahmāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-11॥
[अजिह्मम् (ajihmam) - not crooked; अशठम् (aśaṭham) - not deceitful; मार्गम् (mārgam) - path; सेवमानस्य (sevamānasya) - of one following; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always; सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings; ब्रह्माश्रमपदं (brahmāśramapadam) - the state of the hermitage of Brahman; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be;]
(O Bhārata, for one following the path that is not crooked and not deceitful, always among all beings, the state of the hermitage of Brahman may be.)
O Bhārata, for one who always follows the straight and honest path among all beings, the state of the hermitage of Brahman is attained.
वानप्रस्थेषु विप्रेषु त्रैविद्येषु च भारत। प्रयच्छतोऽर्थान्विपुलान्वन्याश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-१२॥
vānaprasthēṣu viprēṣu traividhyēṣu ca bhārata। prayacchatō'rthān vipulān vanyāśramapadaṃ bhavēt ॥12-66-12॥
[वानप्रस्थेषु (vānaprasthēṣu) - among vānaprasthas; (forest-dwellers; विप्रेषु (viprēṣu) - among brāhmaṇas; त्रैविद्येषु (traividhyēṣu) - among those versed in the three Vedas; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; प्रयच्छतः (prayacchataḥ) - giving; अर्थान् (arthān) - wealths; विपुलान् (vipulān) - abundant; वन्याश्रमपदं (vanyāśramapadaṃ) - the state of another āśrama (stage of life); भवेत् (bhavēt) - may become;]
(Among vānaprasthas, among brāhmaṇas, among those versed in the three Vedas, and, O Bhārata, one who gives abundant wealth may attain the state of another āśrama (stage of life).)
O Bhārata, among vānaprasthas, brāhmaṇas, and those learned in the three Vedas, one who gives abundant wealth may attain the next stage of life.
सर्वभूतेष्वनुक्रोशं कुर्वतस्तस्य भारत। आनृशंस्यप्रवृत्तस्य सर्वावस्थं पदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-१३॥
sarvabhūteṣvanukrośaṃ kurvatastasya bhārata। ānṛśaṃsyapravṛttasya sarvāvasthaṃ padaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-13॥
[सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - in all beings; अनुक्रोशं (anukrośam) - compassion; कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - practicing; तस्य (tasya) - of him; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आनृशंस्यप्रवृत्तस्य (ānṛśaṃsyapravṛttasya) - of one engaged in non-cruelty; सर्वावस्थं (sarvāvastham) - in all conditions; पदं (padam) - state; भवेत् (bhavet) - there is;]
(O Bhārata, for him who practices compassion towards all beings, who is engaged in non-cruelty, there is a state in all conditions.)
O Bhārata, one who practices compassion towards all beings and is devoted to non-cruelty attains a state in all circumstances.
बालवृद्धेषु कौरव्य सर्वावस्थं युधिष्ठिर। अनुक्रोशं विदधतः सर्वावस्थं पदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-१४॥
bālavṛddheṣu kauravya sarvāvasthaṃ yudhiṣṭhira। anukrośaṃ vidadhataḥ sarvāvasthaṃ padaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-14॥
[बाल (bāla) - child; वृद्धेषु (vṛddheṣu) - in the old; कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; सर्वावस्थं (sarvāvastham) - in all conditions; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; अनुक्रोशं (anukrośam) - compassion; विदधतः (vidadhataḥ) - practicing; सर्वावस्थं (sarvāvastham) - in all conditions; पदं (padam) - state; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(In children, in the old, O descendant of Kuru, in all conditions, O Yudhiṣṭhira, practicing compassion, in all conditions, the state should be.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, O descendant of Kuru, one should practice compassion towards children and the old in all conditions; in all circumstances, this should be the state.
बलात्कृतेषु भूतेषु परित्राणं कुरूद्वह। शरणागतेषु कौरव्य कुर्वन्गार्हस्थ्यमावसेत् ॥१२-६६-१५॥
balātkṛteṣu bhūteṣu paritrāṇaṃ kurūdvaha| śaraṇāgateṣu kauravya kurvan gārhasthyam āvaset ॥12-66-15॥
[बलात्कृतेषु (balātkṛteṣu) - in those who have been violated by force; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings; परित्राणं (paritrāṇam) - protection; कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of the Kurus; शरणागतेषु (śaraṇāgateṣu) - in those who have taken refuge; कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - household duties; आवसेत् (āvaset) - should dwell;]
(O best of the Kurus, among beings who have been violated by force, protection (should be given); O descendant of Kuru, among those who have taken refuge, performing household duties, one should dwell.)
O best of the Kurus, one should provide protection to beings who have been violated by force; O descendant of Kuru, among those who have sought refuge, one should live performing household duties.
चराचराणां भूतानां रक्षामपि च सर्वशः। यथार्हपूजां च सदा कुर्वन्गार्हस्थ्यमावसेत् ॥१२-६६-१६॥
carācarāṇāṃ bhūtānāṃ rakṣām api ca sarvaśaḥ। yathārhapūjāṃ ca sadā kurvan gārhasthyam āvaset ॥12-66-16॥
[चराचराणाम् (carācarāṇām) - of moving and unmoving; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - protection; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way; यथा-अर्ह-पूजाम् (yathā-arha-pūjām) - as is appropriate-worship; च (ca) - and; सदा (sadā) - always; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder's duties; आवसेत् (āvaset) - should dwell;]
(One should dwell in the householder's life, always performing the protection of all beings, both moving and unmoving, and also, in every way, performing worship as is appropriate.)
He should live as a householder, always protecting all beings, both moving and unmoving, and performing proper worship as appropriate.
ज्येष्ठानुज्येष्ठपत्नीनां भ्रातॄणां पुत्रनप्तृणाम्। निग्रहानुग्रहौ पार्थ गार्हस्थ्यमिति तत्तपः ॥१२-६६-१७॥
jyeṣṭhānu-jyeṣṭha-patnīnāṃ bhrātṝṇāṃ putra-naptṝṇām। nigrahānugrahau pārtha gārhasthyam iti tat tapaḥ ॥12-66-17॥
[ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha) - elder; अनुज्येष्ठ (anu-jyeṣṭha) - younger than the elder; पत्नीनां (patnīnāṃ) - of the wives; भ्रातॄणां (bhrātṝṇāṃ) - of the brothers; पुत्र (putra) - of the sons; नप्तृणाम् (naptṝṇām) - of the grandsons; निग्रह (nigraha) - restraint; अनुग्रहौ (anugrahau) - and favour; पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - household duties; इति (iti) - thus; तत् (tat) - that; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity;]
(Restraint and favour, O Pārtha, towards the wives of elders and younger, brothers, sons, and grandsons—this is called household austerity.)
O Pārtha, restraint and favour towards the wives of elders and younger, brothers, sons, and grandsons—this is regarded as the austerity of householders.
साधूनामर्चनीयानां प्रजासु विदितात्मनाम्। पालनं पुरुषव्याघ्र गृहाश्रमपदं भवेत् ॥१२-६६-१८॥
sādhūnām arcanīyānām prajāsu viditātmanām। pālanaṃ puruṣavyāghra gṛhāśramapadaṃ bhavet ॥12-66-18॥
[साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous; अर्चनीयानाम् (arcanīyānām) - of those who are to be worshipped; प्रजासु (prajāsu) - among the people; विदितात्मनाम् (viditātmanām) - of those whose self is known; पालनम् (pālanam) - protection; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men; गृहाश्रमपदम् (gṛhāśramapadam) - the state of householder; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(O tiger among men, the state of householder should be for the protection of the virtuous, those who are to be worshipped, and those among the people whose self is known.)
O best of men, the householder's life should be for the protection of the virtuous, the venerable, and those among the people who have realized their true self.
आश्रमस्थानि सर्वाणि यस्तु वेश्मनि भारत। आददीतेह भोज्येन तद्गार्हस्थ्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-६६-१९॥
āśramasthāni sarvāṇi yastu veśmani bhārata। ādadīteha bhojyena tadgārhasthyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-66-19॥
[आश्रमस्थानि (āśramasthāni) - places of hermitages; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; वेश्मनि (veśmani) - in the house; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आददीते (ādadīte) - takes; इह (iha) - here; भोज्येन (bhojyena) - with food; तत् (tat) - that; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householdership; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Whoever, O Bhārata, in the house here takes all the places of hermitages with food, that is householdership, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Bhārata, whoever in the house here supports all the hermitages with food, that is true householdership, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
यः स्थितः पुरुषो धर्मे धात्रा सृष्टे यथार्थवत्। आश्रमाणां स सर्वेषां फलं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ॥१२-६६-२०॥
yaḥ sthitaḥ puruṣo dharme dhātrā sṛṣṭe yathārthavat। āśramāṇāṃ sa sarveṣāṃ phalaṃ prāpnotyanuttamam ॥12-66-20॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - established; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator; सृष्टे (sṛṣṭe) - created; यथार्थवत् (yathārthavat) - in accordance with reality; आश्रमाणां (āśramāṇāṃ) - of the āśramas; सः (saḥ) - he; सर्वेषां (sarveṣāṃ) - of all; फलं (phalaṃ) - fruit; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed;]
(Whoever person is established in dharma created by the Creator in accordance with reality, he obtains the unsurpassed fruit of all the āśramas.)
Whoever is firmly established in the dharma created by the Creator, in accordance with reality, attains the highest fruit of all the āśramas.
यस्मिन्न नश्यन्ति गुणाः कौन्तेय पुरुषे सदा। आश्रमस्थं तमप्याहुर्नरश्रेष्ठं युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-६६-२१॥
yasmin naśyanti guṇāḥ kaunteya puruṣe sadā। āśramasthaṃ tamapyāhur naraśreṣṭhaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-66-21॥
[यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom; नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are destroyed; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; पुरुषे (puruṣe) - in a person; सदा (sadā) - always; आश्रमस्थम् (āśramastham) - residing in an āśrama; तम् (tam) - him; अपि (api) - even; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call; नरश्रेष्ठम् (naraśreṣṭham) - the best among men; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(In whom, O son of Kunti, the qualities are always destroyed in a person, him even residing in an āśrama, they call the best among men, Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, even one residing in an āśrama, in whom the qualities are always destroyed, is called the best among men, O son of Kunti.
स्थानमानं वयोमानं कुलमानं तथैव च। कुर्वन्वसति सर्वेषु ह्याश्रमेषु युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-६६-२२॥
sthānamānaṃ vayomānaṃ kulamānaṃ tathaiva ca। kurvan vasati sarveṣu hy āśrameṣu yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-66-22॥
[स्थानमानं (sthānamānaṃ) - place-measure; वयोमानं (vayomānaṃ) - age-measure; कुलमानं (kulamānaṃ) - family-measure; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; च (ca) - and; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; वसति (vasati) - dwells; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all; हि (hi) - indeed; आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in hermitages; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira;]
(Place-measure, age-measure, family-measure, just so and, doing, dwells, in all, indeed, in hermitages, Yudhishthira.)
O Yudhishthira, one who acts according to the measure of place, age, and family, indeed dwells harmoniously in all hermitages.
देशधर्मांश्च कौन्तेय कुलधर्मांस्तथैव च। पालयन्पुरुषव्याघ्र राजा सर्वाश्रमी भवेत् ॥१२-६६-२३॥
deśadharmāṃś ca kaunteya kuladharmāṃs tathaiva ca। pālayan puruṣavyāghra rājā sarvāśramī bhavet ॥12-66-23॥
[देशधर्मान् (deśadharmān) - duties of the land; च (ca) - and; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; कुलधर्मान् (kuladharmān) - duties of the family; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - tiger among men; राजा (rājā) - king; सर्वाश्रमी (sarvāśramī) - one who belongs to all āśramas; भवेत् (bhavet) - should become;]
(O son of Kunti, protecting the duties of the land and likewise the duties of the family, the king, tiger among men, should become one who belongs to all āśramas.)
O son of Kunti, a king, the tiger among men, should uphold both the duties of the land and the family, and thus become one who is established in all stages of life.
काले विभूतिं भूतानामुपहारांस्तथैव च। अर्हयन्पुरुषव्याघ्र साधूनामाश्रमे वसेत् ॥१२-६६-२४॥
kāle vibhūtiṃ bhūtānām upahārāṃs tathaiva ca। arhayann puruṣavyāghra sādhūnām āśrame vaset ॥12-66-24॥
[काले (kāle) - at the proper time; विभूतिम् (vibhūtim) - sacred offering; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; उपहारान् (upahārān) - gifts; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; अर्हयन् (arhayan) - honoring; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - tiger among men; साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous; आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage; वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell;]
(At the proper time, sacred offering, of beings, gifts, in the same way, and, honoring, tiger among men, of the virtuous, in the hermitage, should dwell.)
At the proper time, honoring the sacred offerings and gifts of beings in the same way, O tiger among men, one should dwell in the hermitage of the virtuous.
दशधर्मगतश्चापि यो धर्मं प्रत्यवेक्षते। सर्वलोकस्य कौन्तेय राजा भवति सोऽऽश्रमी ॥१२-६६-२५॥
daśadharmagataścāpi yo dharmaṃ pratyavekṣate। sarvalokasya kaunteya rājā bhavati so'śramī ॥12-66-25॥
[दश (daśa) - ten; धर्मगतः (dharmagataḥ) - gone to (endowed with) dharma; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; यः (yaḥ) - who; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; प्रत्यवेक्षते (pratyavekṣate) - examines; सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all people; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; राजा (rājā) - king; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; सः (saḥ) - he; अश्रमि (aśramī) - not belonging to an āśrama (order of life);]
(He who, endowed with the ten dharmas, also examines dharma, O son of Kunti, he becomes the king of all people, not belonging to any āśrama.)
O son of Kunti, he who possesses the tenfold dharma and also examines dharma becomes the king of all people, transcending the orders of life.
ये धर्मकुशला लोके धर्मं कुर्वन्ति साधवः। पालिता यस्य विषये पादोंऽशस्तस्य भूपतेः ॥१२-६६-२६॥
ye dharmakuśalā loke dharmaṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ। pālitā yasya viṣaye pādo'ṃśas tasya bhūpateḥ ॥12-66-26॥
[ये (ye) - who; धर्मकुशला (dharmakuśalāḥ) - skilled in dharma; लोके (loke) - in the world; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - perform; साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - the virtuous; पालिता (pālitāḥ) - protected; यस्य (yasya) - whose; विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain; पादोंऽशः (pādo'ṃśaḥ) - a portion of the merit; तस्य (tasya) - of him; भूपतेः (bhūpateḥ) - of the king;]
(Who are skilled in dharma in the world, the virtuous perform dharma; protected (they are) whose in the domain, a portion of the merit is of that king.)
Those who are skilled in dharma in the world, the virtuous who perform dharma, being protected in whose domain, a portion of their merit belongs to that king.
धर्मारामान्धर्मपरान्ये न रक्षन्ति मानवान्। पार्थिवाः पुरुषव्याघ्र तेषां पापं हरन्ति ते ॥१२-६६-२७॥
dharmārāmāndharmaparānye na rakṣanti mānavān। pārthivāḥ puruṣavyāghra teṣāṃ pāpaṃ haranti te ॥12-66-27॥
[धर्मारामाः (dharmārāmāḥ) - those who delight in dharma; अधर्मपरान्ये (adharmaparānye) - others devoted to adharma; न (na) - not; रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect; मानवान् (mānavān) - humans; पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - tiger among men; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; हरन्ति (haranti) - remove; ते (te) - they;]
(Those who delight in dharma, others devoted to adharma, do not protect humans. Kings, O tiger among men, remove the sin of those.)
Those who delight in dharma and those devoted to adharma do not protect people; O tiger among men, it is the kings who remove their sins.
ये च रक्षासहायाः स्युः पार्थिवानां युधिष्ठिर। ते चैवांशहराः सर्वे धर्मे परकृतेऽनघ ॥१२-६६-२८॥
ye ca rakṣāsahāyāḥ syuḥ pārthivānāṃ yudhiṣṭhira। te caiva aṃśaharāḥ sarve dharme prakṛte anagha ॥12-66-28॥
[ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection; सहायाः (sahāyāḥ) - helpers; स्युः (syuḥ) - may be; पार्थिवानां (pārthivānāṃ) - of kings; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; ते (te) - they; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अंशहराः (aṃśaharāḥ) - sharers of portion; सर्वे (sarve) - all; धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness; प्रकृते (prakṛte) - in the natural order; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one;]
(Who and the helpers in protection may be of the kings, O Yudhishthira. They indeed, all sharers of portion, in righteousness, in the natural order, O sinless one.)
O Yudhishthira, those who are the helpers in the protection of kings, they all, being sharers of the portion, indeed act in righteousness and in accordance with the natural order, O sinless one.
सर्वाश्रमपदे ह्याहुर्गार्हस्थ्यं दीप्तनिर्णयम्। पावनं पुरुषव्याघ्र यं वयं पर्युपास्महे ॥१२-६६-२९॥
sarvāśramapade hy āhur gārhasthyaṃ dīptanirṇayam। pāvanaṃ puruṣavyāghra yaṃ vayaṃ paryupāsmahe ॥12-66-29॥
[सर्वाश्रमपदे (sarvāśramapade) - in all stages of life; in all āśrama positions; हि (hi) - indeed; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householdership; the state of a householder; दीप्तनिर्णयम् (dīptanirṇayam) - of shining decision; of clear determination; पावनम् (pāvanam) - purifying; पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men; यम् (yam) - which; वयम् (vayam) - we; पर्युपास्महे (paryupāsmahe) - we approach; we worship;]
(In all āśrama positions, indeed, they say householdership is of shining decision; purifying, O tiger among men, which we approach.)
O tiger among men, it is said that householdership, which we approach, is the most decisive and purifying among all stages of life.
आत्मोपमस्तु भूतेषु यो वै भवति मानवः। न्यस्तदण्डो जितक्रोधः स प्रेत्य लभते सुखम् ॥१२-६६-३०॥
ātmopamastu bhūteṣu yo vai bhavati mānavaḥ। nyastadaṇḍo jitakrodhaḥ sa pretya labhate sukham ॥12-66-30॥
[आत्मोपमः (ātmopamaḥ) - comparing (others) to oneself; तु (tu) - but; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among beings; यः (yaḥ) - who; वै (vai) - indeed; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human; न्यस्तदण्डः (nyastadaṇḍaḥ) - one who has laid down the rod (ceased from harming); जितक्रोधः (jitakrodhaḥ) - one who has conquered anger; सः (saḥ) - he; प्रेत्य (pretya) - having departed (after death); लभते (labhate) - obtains; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]
(But among beings, the human who indeed becomes one who compares (others) to himself, who has laid down the rod, who has conquered anger, he, having departed, obtains happiness.)
But among all beings, that human who treats others as himself, who has renounced violence and conquered anger, attains happiness after death.
धर्मोत्थिता सत्त्ववीर्या धर्मसेतुवटाकरा। त्यागवाताध्वगा शीघ्रा नौस्त्वा सन्तारयिष्यति ॥१२-६६-३१॥
dharmotthitā sattvavīryā dharmasetuvatākarā। tyāgavātādhvagā śīghrā naustvā santārayiṣyati ॥12-66-31॥
[धर्मोत्थिता (dharmotthitā) - arisen from dharma; सत्त्ववीर्या (sattvavīryā) - having the strength of courage; धर्मसेतुवटाकरा (dharmasetuvatākarā) - making a strong embankment of dharma; त्यागवाताध्वगा (tyāgavātādhvagā) - moving on the path by the wind of renunciation; शीघ्रा (śīghrā) - swift; नौः (nauḥ) - boat; त्वा (tvā) - you; सन्तारयिष्यति (santārayiṣyati) - will carry across;]
(Arisen from dharma, having the strength of courage, making a strong embankment of dharma, moving on the path by the wind of renunciation, the swift boat will carry you across.)
The swift boat, built upon dharma, powered by courage and renunciation, will surely carry you across.
यदा निवृत्तः सर्वस्मात्कामो योऽस्य हृदि स्थितः। तदा भवति सत्त्वस्थस्ततो ब्रह्म समश्नुते ॥१२-६६-३२॥
yadā nivṛttaḥ sarvasmātkāmo yo'sya hṛdi sthitaḥ। tadā bhavati sattvasthastato brahma samaśnute ॥12-66-32॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - withdrawn; सर्वस्मात् (sarvasmāt) - from all; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; यः (yaḥ) - who; अस्य (asya) - of him; हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - abiding; तदा (tadā) - then; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; सत्त्वस्थः (sattvasthaḥ) - established in sattva; ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter; ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; समश्नुते (samaśnute) - attains;]
(When desire has been withdrawn from all (objects), he who abides in the heart, then he becomes established in sattva; thereafter, he attains Brahman.)
When all desires have been withdrawn from the heart, and the one who abides there is established in sattva, then he attains Brahman.
सुप्रसन्नस्तु भावेन योगेन च नराधिप। धर्मं पुरुषशार्दूल प्राप्स्यसे पालने रतः ॥१२-६६-३३॥
suprasannas tu bhāvena yogena ca narādhipa | dharmaṃ puruṣaśārdūla prāpsyase pālane rataḥ ||12-66-33||
[सुप्रसन्नः (suprasannaḥ) - very pleased; तु (tu) - but; भावेन (bhāvena) - with feeling; योगेन (yogena) - with union; च (ca) - and; नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - righteousness; पुरुषशार्दूल (puruṣaśārdūla) - O best of men; प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain; पालने (pālani) - in protection; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged;]
(Very pleased but with feeling and with union, O king, righteousness, O best of men, you will attain, engaged in protection.)
O king, if you are very pleased, with sincerity and dedication, O best of men, you will attain righteousness by being engaged in protection.
वेदाध्ययनशीलानां विप्राणां साधुकर्मणाम्। पालने यत्नमातिष्ठ सर्वलोकस्य चानघ ॥१२-६६-३४॥
vedādhyayanaśīlānāṃ viprāṇāṃ sādhukarmaṇām। pālane yatnamātiṣṭha sarvalokasya cānagha ॥12-66-34॥
[वेद-अध्ययन-शीलानाम् (veda-adhyayana-śīlānām) - of those whose nature is the study of the Vedas; विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brāhmaṇas; साधु-कर्मणाम् (sādhu-karmaṇām) - of those who perform virtuous deeds; पालने (pālne) - in protection; यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort; आतिष्ठ (ātiṣṭha) - undertake; सर्व-लोकस्य (sarva-lokasya) - of all the worlds; च (ca) - and; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one;]
(Of those whose nature is the study of the Vedas, of the Brāhmaṇas, of those who perform virtuous deeds— in their protection, undertake effort, and of all the worlds, O sinless one.)
O sinless one, make every effort to protect the Brāhmaṇas who are devoted to the study of the Vedas and to virtuous deeds, as well as all the worlds.
वने चरति यो धर्ममाश्रमेषु च भारत। रक्षया तच्छतगुणं धर्मं प्राप्नोति पार्थिवः ॥१२-६६-३५॥
vane carati yo dharmamāśrameṣu ca bhārata। rakṣayā tacchataguṇaṃ dharmaṃ prāpnoti pārthivaḥ ॥12-66-35॥
[वने (vane) - in the forest; चरति (carati) - moves; (or) lives; यः (yaḥ) - who; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; (righteousness, duty;) आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the āśramas; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; रक्षया (rakṣayā) - by protection; तत् (tat) - that; शतगुणम् (śataguṇam) - hundredfold; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains; पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king;]
(In the forest, who lives, who in the āśramas, O Bhārata, by protection, that hundredfold dharma attains, the king.)
O Bhārata, the king who protects dharma in the forest and in the āśramas attains that dharma a hundredfold.
एष ते विविधो धर्मः पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ कीर्तितः। अनुतिष्ठ त्वमेनं वै पूर्वैर्दृष्टं सनातनम् ॥१२-६६-३६॥
eṣa te vividho dharmaḥ pāṇḍavaśreṣṭha kīrtitaḥ। anutiṣṭha tvam enaṃ vai pūrvair dṛṣṭaṃ sanātanam ॥12-66-36॥
[एष (eṣa) - this; ते (te) - to you; विविधः (vividhaḥ) - various; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; पाण्डवश्रेष्ठ (pāṇḍavaśreṣṭha) - O best of the Pāṇḍavas; कीर्तितः (kīrtitaḥ) - has been declared; अनुतिष्ठ (anutiṣṭha) - perform; त्वम् (tvam) - you; एनम् (enam) - this; वै (vai) - indeed; पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the ancients; दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen; सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal;]
(This various dharma has been declared to you, O best of the Pāṇḍavas. You indeed perform this, which has been seen as eternal by the ancients.)
O best of the Pāṇḍavas, this manifold dharma has been explained to you. Now, perform this, for it has been regarded as eternal by the ancients.
चातुराश्रम्यमेकाग्रः चातुर्वर्ण्यं च पाण्डव। धर्मं पुरुषशार्दूल प्राप्स्यसे पालने रतः ॥१२-६६-३७॥
cāturāśramyamekāgraḥ cāturvarṇyaṃ ca pāṇḍava। dharmaṃ puruṣaśārdūla prāpsyase pālane rataḥ ॥12-66-37॥
[चातुराश्रम्य (cāturāśramya) - relating to the four āśramas; एकाग्रः (ekāgraḥ) - one-pointed; च (ca) - and; चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - relating to the four varṇas; च (ca) - and; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava; धर्मम् (dharmaṃ) - dharma; पुरुषशार्दूल (puruṣaśārdūla) - O best among men; प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain; पालने (pālani) - in protection; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged;]
(Relating to the four āśramas, one-pointed, and relating to the four varṇas, and, O Pāṇḍava, dharma, O best among men, you will attain, engaged in protection.)
O Pāṇḍava, being single-minded in upholding the four āśramas and the four varṇas, and being devoted to the protection of dharma, O best among men, you will attain righteousness.
