12.067
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said:
चातुराश्रम्य उक्तोऽत्र चातुर्वर्ण्यस्तथैव च। राष्ट्रस्य यत्कृत्यतमं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-६७-१॥
cāturāśramya ukto'tra cāturvarṇyas tathaiva ca। rāṣṭrasya yat kṛtyatamaṃ tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-67-1॥
[चातुराश्रम्य (cāturāśramya) - relating to the four āśramas; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken; अत्र (atra) - here; चातुर्वर्ण्यः (cāturvarṇyaḥ) - relating to the four varṇas; तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; च (ca) - and; राष्ट्रस्य (rāṣṭrasya) - of the kingdom; यत् (yat) - which; कृत्यतमम् (kṛtyatamam) - the most important duty; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(Relating to the four āśramas has been spoken here, and relating to the four varṇas in the same way; of the kingdom, which is the most important duty, that to me tell, O grandsire.)
The duties of the four āśramas and the four varṇas have been described here in the same way; O grandsire, tell me what is the most important duty of the kingdom.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
राष्ट्रस्यैतत्कृत्यतमं राज्ञ एवाभिषेचनम्। अनिन्द्रमबलं राष्ट्रं दस्यवोऽभिभवन्ति च ॥१२-६७-२॥
rāṣṭrasyaitatkṛtyatamaṃ rājña evābhiṣecanam। anindramabalaṃ rāṣṭraṃ dasyavo'bhibhavanti ca ॥12-67-2॥
[राष्ट्रस्य (rāṣṭrasya) - of the kingdom; एतत् (etat) - this; कृत्यतमम् (kṛtyatamam) - the foremost duty; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; एव (eva) - indeed; अभिषेचनम् (abhiṣecanam) - anointing; अनिन्द्रम् (anindram) - without Indra (without a ruler); अबलम् (abalam) - powerless; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - thieves; अभिभवन्ति (abhibhavanti) - overcome; च (ca) - and;]
(Of the kingdom, this is the foremost duty: indeed, the anointing of the king. A kingdom without Indra (a ruler), powerless, thieves overcome and (it).)
The foremost duty of the kingdom is indeed the anointing of the king. A kingdom without a ruler and powerless is overcome by thieves.
अराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु धर्मो न व्यवतिष्ठते। परस्परं च खादन्ति सर्वथा धिगराजकम् ॥१२-६७-३॥
arājakeṣu rāṣṭreṣu dharmo na vyavatiṣṭhate। parasparaṃ ca khādanti sarvathā dhigarājakam ॥12-67-3॥
[अराजकेषु (arājakeṣu) - in kingdoms without a ruler; राष्ट्रेषु (rāṣṭreṣu) - in countries; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness; न (na) - not; व्यवतिष्ठते (vyavatiṣṭhate) - remains established; परस्परम् (parasparam) - one another; च (ca) - and; खादन्ति (khādanti) - devour; सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way; धिग् (dhig) - condemnation; अराजकम् (arājakam) - absence of a ruler;]
(In kingdoms without a ruler, in countries, righteousness does not remain established. One another and devour in every way; condemnation to the absence of a ruler.)
Where there is no ruler in a country, righteousness does not prevail. People devour one another in every way; truly, the absence of a ruler is to be condemned.
इन्द्रमेनं प्रवृणुते यद्राजानमिति श्रुतिः। यथैवेन्द्रस्तथा राजा सम्पूज्यो भूतिमिच्छता ॥१२-६७-४॥
indram enaṃ pravṛṇute yad rājānam iti śrutiḥ। yathaiva indraḥ tathā rājā sampūjyaḥ bhūtim icchatā ॥12-67-4॥
[इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra; (the Vedic deity; एनम् (enam) - him; (this one; प्रवृणुते (pravṛṇute) - chooses; (selects; यत् (yat) - whom; (that; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; (the ruler; इति (iti) - thus; (so; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - scripture; (Vedic text; यथा (yathā) - just as; (like; एव (eva) - indeed; (certainly; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; (the Vedic deity; तथा (tathā) - so; (in that way; राजा (rājā) - king; (the ruler; सम्पूज्यः (sampūjyaḥ) - worthy of worship; (to be honored; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; (wealth; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; (by the one wishing;]
(Indra him chooses whom king thus scripture. Just as indeed Indra so king worthy of worship prosperity by one desiring.)
The scripture says, "Indra chooses him whom he makes king." Therefore, just as Indra is, so too should a king be worshipped by one who desires prosperity.
नाराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु वस्तव्यमिति वैदिकम्। नाराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु हव्यमग्निर्वहत्यपि ॥१२-६७-५॥
nārājakeṣu rāṣṭreṣu vastavyam iti vaidikam। nārājakṣu rāṣṭreṣu havyam agniḥ vahati api ॥12-67-5॥
[नाराजकेषु (nārājakeṣu) - in kingdoms without a king; राष्ट्रेषु (rāṣṭreṣu) - in countries; वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - should reside; इति (iti) - thus; वैदिकम् (vaidikam) - Vedic (teaching); नाराजकेषु (nārājakeṣu) - in kingdoms without a king; राष्ट्रेषु (rāṣṭreṣu) - in countries; हव्यम् (havyam) - offering (to be sacrificed); अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire; वहति (vahati) - carries; अपि (api) - even;]
(In kingdoms without a king, in countries, one should reside—thus (is) the Vedic (teaching). In kingdoms without a king, in countries, even fire carries the offering.)
The Vedic teaching is that one should reside in countries without a king. Even in such countries, fire carries the offering.
अथ चेदभिवर्तेत राज्यार्थी बलवत्तरः। अराजकानि राष्ट्राणि हतराजानि वा पुनः ॥१२-६७-६॥
atha ced abhivarteta rājyārthī balavattaraḥ। arājakāni rāṣṭrāṇi hatarājāni vā punaḥ ॥12-67-6॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; चेत् (cet) - if; अभिवर्तेत (abhivarteta) - should overpower; should prevail; राज्यार्थी (rājyārthī) - one desiring the kingdom; seeker of sovereignty; बलवत्तरः (balavattaraḥ) - stronger; more powerful; अराजकानि (arājakāni) - without rulers; anarchical; राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - kingdoms; states; हतराजानि (hatarājāni) - whose kings are slain; with slain rulers; वा (vā) - or; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(Now, if the seeker of sovereignty who is stronger should overpower, (he may take) kingdoms without rulers or with slain kings again.)
If a stronger claimant to the throne prevails, he may take over kingdoms that are without rulers or whose kings have been slain.
प्रत्युद्गम्याभिपूज्यः स्यादेतदत्र सुमन्त्रितम्। न हि पापात्पापतरमस्ति किञ्चिदराजकात् ॥१२-६७-७॥
pratyudgamyābhipūjyaḥ syādetadatra sumantritam। na hi pāpātpāpataramasti kiñcidrājakāt ॥12-67-7॥
[प्रति-उद्गम्य (prati-udgamya) - having gone forth to meet; अभि-पूज्यः (abhi-pūjyaḥ) - having been duly honored; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; एतत् (etat) - this; अत्र (atra) - here; सुमन्त्रितम् (sumantritam) - well-advised; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; पापात् (pāpāt) - from evil; पापतरम् (pāpataram) - more evil; अस्ति (asti) - there is; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; राजकात् (rājakāt) - than a king;]
(Having gone forth to meet and having been duly honored, this here should be well-advised. Indeed, there is nothing more evil than a king from evil.)
One who is met and honored should be well-advised in this matter. Truly, there is nothing more wicked than a king who is evil.
स चेत्समनुपश्येत समग्रं कुशलं भवेत्। बलवान्हि प्रकुपितः कुर्यान्निःशेषतामपि ॥१२-६७-८॥
sa cet sam-anupaśyet samagraṃ kuśalaṃ bhavet। balavān hi prakupitaḥ kuryān niḥśeṣatām api ॥12-67-8॥
[स (sa) - he; चेत् (cet) - if; समानुपश्येत् (sam-anupaśyet) - should completely perceive; समग्रं (samagram) - entire; कुशलं (kuśalam) - welfare; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; बलवान् (balavān) - the strong; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रकुपितः (prakupitaḥ) - enraged; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - might do; निःशेषताम् (niḥśeṣatām) - complete destruction; अपि (api) - even;]
(He, if should completely perceive the entire welfare, would be (so). For the strong, indeed, when enraged, might even cause complete destruction.)
If he should fully consider the entire welfare, it would be good. For a strong person, when enraged, might even bring about total destruction.
भूयांसं लभते क्लेशं या गौर्भवति दुर्दुहा। सुदुहा या तु भवति नैव तां क्लेशयन्त्युत ॥१२-६७-९॥
bhūyāṁsaṁ labhate kleśaṁ yā gaurbhavati durduhā। suduhā yā tu bhavati naiva tāṁ kleśayantyuta ॥12-67-9॥
[भूयांसम् (bhūyāṁsam) - greater; more; लभते (labhate) - obtains; receives; क्लेशम् (kleśam) - pain; trouble; या (yā) - who; which; गौः (gauḥ) - cow; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; is; दुर्दुहा (durduhā) - difficult to milk; hard-yielding; सुदुहा (suduhā) - easy to milk; good-yielding; या (yā) - who; which; तु (tu) - but; however; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; is; नैव (naiva) - not at all; never; ताम् (tām) - her; that one; क्लेशयन्ति (kleśayanti) - cause pain; trouble; उत (uta) - indeed; certainly;]
(Greater pain obtains who the cow becomes hard-yielding. Easy-yielding who but becomes, not at all her do they trouble indeed.)
One who has a cow that is hard to milk suffers greater trouble. But if the cow is easy to milk, they do not trouble her at all, indeed.
यदतप्तं प्रणमति न तत्सन्तापयन्त्युत। यच्च स्वयं नतं दारु न तत्संनामयन्त्यपि ॥१२-६७-१०॥
yadataptaṃ praṇamati na tatsantāpayantyuta। yacca svayaṃ nataṃ dāru na tatsaṃnāmayantyapi ॥12-67-10॥
[यत् (yat) - which; अतप्तं (ataptaṃ) - not heated; प्रणमति (praṇamati) - bends; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; सन्तापयन्ति (santāpayanti) - cause to be heated; उत (uta) - indeed; यत् (yat) - which; च (ca) - and; स्वयं (svayaṃ) - by itself; नतं (nataṃ) - bent; दारु (dāru) - wood; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; संनामयन्ति (saṃnāmayanti) - cause to be bent; अपि (api) - even;]
(Which not heated bends not, that indeed they do not cause to be heated. And which by itself is bent wood, that even they do not cause to be bent.)
That which does not bend when not heated, they do not heat it. And wood which is already bent by itself, they do not bend it further.
एतयोपमया धीरः संनमेत बलीयसे। इन्द्राय स प्रणमते नमते यो बलीयसे ॥१२-६७-११॥
etayopamayā dhīraḥ saṁnameta balīyase। indrāya sa praṇamate namate yo balīyase ॥12-67-11॥
[एतयोः (etayoḥ) - of these two; उपमया (upamayā) - by the comparison; धीरः (dhīraḥ) - the wise one; संनमेत (saṁnameta) - should bow down; बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger; इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra; सः (saḥ) - he; प्रणमते (praṇamate) - bows down; नमते (namate) - bows; यः (yaḥ) - who; बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger;]
(By the comparison of these two, the wise one should bow down to the stronger. He bows down to Indra, he bows to the one who is stronger.)
By this comparison, the wise should bow to the stronger. He bows to Indra, he bows to whoever is stronger.
तस्माद्राजैव कर्तव्यः सततं भूतिमिच्छता। न धनार्थो न दारार्थस्तेषां येषामराजकम् ॥१२-६७-१२॥
tasmādrājaiva kartavyaḥ satataṃ bhūtimicchatā। na dhanārtho na dārārthasteṣāṃ yeṣāmarājakam ॥12-67-12॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; राजा (rājā) - king; एव (eva) - indeed; कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be established; सततम् (satatam) - always; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring; न (na) - not; धनार्थः (dhanārthaḥ) - for the sake of wealth; न (na) - not; दारार्थः (dārārthaḥ) - for the sake of wife; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those; येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom; अराजकम् (arājakam) - without a king;]
(Therefore, indeed a king should be established always by one desiring prosperity; not for the sake of wealth, not for the sake of wife, for those of whom there is no king.)
Therefore, one who desires prosperity should always establish a king; for those without a king, neither wealth nor wife is secure.
प्रीयते हि हरन्पापः परवित्तमराजके। यदास्य उद्धरन्त्यन्ये तदा राजानमिच्छति ॥१२-६७-१३॥
prīyate hi haran pāpaḥ paravittam arājake। yadā asya uddharanti anye tadā rājānam icchati ॥12-67-13॥
[प्रीयते (prīyate) - is pleased; is delighted; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; हरन् (haran) - stealing; taking away; पापः (pāpaḥ) - a sinner; evil person; परवित्तम् (paravittam) - another's wealth; अराजके (arājake) - in the absence of a king; in anarchy; यदा (yadā) - when; अस्य (asya) - his; of him; उद्धरन्ति (uddharanti) - lift up; rescue; अन्ये (anye) - others; तदा (tadā) - then; राजानम् (rājānam) - the king; इच्छति (icchati) - desires; wishes;]
(Indeed, a sinner stealing another's wealth is pleased in the absence of a king. When others rescue him, then he desires the king.)
A sinner who steals another's wealth is happy when there is no king. But when others seize him, then he wishes for the king.
पापा अपि तदा क्षेमं न लभन्ते कदाचन। एकस्य हि द्वौ हरतो द्वयोश्च बहवोऽपरे ॥१२-६७-१४॥
pāpā api tadā kṣemaṃ na labhante kadācana। ekasya hi dvau harato dvayośca bahavo'pare ॥12-67-14॥
[पापा (pāpā) - evil ones; अपि (api) - even; तदा (tadā) - then; क्षेमं (kṣemaṃ) - well-being; न (na) - not; लभन्ते (labhante) - obtain; कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time; एकस्य (ekasya) - of one; हि (hi) - indeed; द्वौ (dvau) - two; हरतः (harataḥ) - who take away; द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of two; च (ca) - and; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; अपरे (apare) - others;]
(Evil ones even then well-being not obtain at any time. Of one indeed two who take away, of two and many others.)
Even evil ones do not ever attain well-being. Of one, indeed, two take away, and of two, many others.
अदासः क्रियते दासो ह्रियन्ते च बलात्स्त्रियः। एतस्मात्कारणाद्देवाः प्रजापालान्प्रचक्रिरे ॥१२-६७-१५॥
adāsaḥ kriyate dāso hriyante ca balātstriyaḥ। etasmātkāraṇāddevāḥ prajāpālānpṛcakrire ॥12-67-15॥
[अदासः (adāsaḥ) - not-a-slave; क्रियते (kriyate) - is made; दासः (dāsaḥ) - a slave; ह्रियन्ते (hriyante) - are carried away; च (ca) - and; बलात् (balāt) - by force; स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; एतस्मात् (etasmāt) - from this; कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - reason; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; प्रजापालान् (prajāpālān) - protectors of beings; प्रचक्रिरे (pracakrire) - appointed;]
(Not-a-slave is made a slave, and women are carried away by force; from this reason, the gods appointed protectors of beings.)
When a free man is made a slave and women are abducted by force, for this reason the gods appointed protectors of beings.
राजा चेन्न भवेल्लोके पृथिव्यां दण्डधारकः। शूले मत्स्यानिवापक्ष्यन्दुर्बलान्बलवत्तराः ॥१२-६७-१६॥
rājā cen na bhavel loke pṛthivyāṃ daṇḍadhārakaḥ। śūle matsyān ivāpakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ ॥12-67-16॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; चेत् (cet) - if; न (na) - not; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; लोके (loke) - in the world; पृथिव्यां (pṛthivyāṃ) - on earth; दण्डधारकः (daṇḍadhārakaḥ) - holder of the rod (enforcer of law/order); शूले (śūle) - on a stake; मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - fishes; इव (iva) - like; अपक्ष्यन् (apakṣyan) - would devour; दुर्बलान् (durbalān) - the weak; बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - the stronger; ॥१२-६७-१६॥ (॥12-67-16॥) - ;]
(If in the world on earth there were not a king, a holder of the rod, the stronger would devour the weak like fishes on a stake.)
If there were no king, no upholder of law in the world, the strong would devour the weak, just as bigger fish eat the smaller ones.
अराजकाः प्रजाः पूर्वं विनेशुरिति नः श्रुतम्। परस्परं भक्षयन्तो मत्स्या इव जले कृशान् ॥१२-६७-१७॥
arājakāḥ prajāḥ pūrvaṃ vineśur iti naḥ śrutam। parasparaṃ bhakṣayanto matsyā iva jale kṛśān॥12-67-17॥
[अराजकाः (arājakāḥ) - without rulers; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; पूर्वं (pūrvam) - formerly; विनेशुः (vineśuḥ) - perished; इति (iti) - thus; नः (naḥ) - to us; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - has been heard; परस्परं (parasparam) - one another; भक्षयन्तः (bhakṣayantaḥ) - eating; मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fishes; इव (iva) - like; जले (jale) - in water; कृशान् (kṛśān) - the weak;]
(Subjects without rulers formerly perished, thus we have heard. Like fishes in water, eating one another, the weak.)
We have heard that in former times, subjects without rulers perished; like fishes in water, the weak were eaten by the stronger.
ताः समेत्य ततश्चक्रुः समयानिति नः श्रुतम्। वाक्क्रूरो दण्डपुरुषो यश्च स्यात्पारदारिकः ॥ यश्च न स्वमथादद्यात्त्याज्या नस्तादृशा इति ॥१२-६७-१८॥
tāḥ sametya tataś cakruḥ samayān iti naḥ śrutam। vākkrūro daṇḍapuruṣo yaś ca syāt pārādārikaḥ॥ yaś ca na svam athādadyāt tyājyā nas tādṛśā iti॥12-67-18॥
[ताः (tāḥ) - they (those women); समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled; ततः (tataḥ) - then; चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - did; समयान् (samayān) - agreements; इति (iti) - thus; नः (naḥ) - to us; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - was heard; वाक्क्रूरः (vākkrūraḥ) - harsh in speech; दण्डपुरुषः (daṇḍapuruṣaḥ) - punishing person; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; स्यात् (syāt) - may be; पारदारिकः (pārādārikaḥ) - adulterer; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; स्वम् (svam) - his own; अथ (atha) - then; आदद्यात् (ādadyāt) - would take; त्याज्याः (tyājyāḥ) - to be abandoned; नः (naḥ) - by us; तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such ones; इति (iti) - thus;]
(They, having assembled, then made agreements—thus we have heard. One who is harsh in speech, a punishing person, and one who may be an adulterer, and one who does not take his own (share)—such ones are to be abandoned by us—thus (it is said).)
Those women, having gathered, made agreements—so we have heard. A person who is harsh in speech, who punishes, who is an adulterer, or who does not take his own share—such people are to be abandoned by us—thus it is said:
विश्वासनार्थं वर्णानां सर्वेषामविशेषतः। तास्तथा समयं कृत्वा समये नावतस्थिरे ॥१२-६७-१९॥
viśvāsanārthaṃ varṇānāṃ sarveṣām aviśeṣataḥ। tās tathā samayaṃ kṛtvā samaye nāvatasthire ॥12-67-19॥
[विश्वासनार्थम् (viśvāsanārtham) - for the purpose of trust; वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of classes; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; अविशेषतः (aviśeṣataḥ) - without distinction; ताः (tāḥ) - they; तथा (tathā) - thus; समयम् (samayam) - agreement; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; समये (samaye) - at the time; न (na) - not; अवतस्थिरे (avatasthire) - remained firm; ॥१२-६७-१९॥ (॥12-67-19॥) - ;]
(For the purpose of trust, of all classes, without distinction, they thus, having made an agreement, at the time, did not remain firm.)
For the sake of trust among all classes without distinction, they made an agreement, but at the appointed time, they did not keep to it.
सहितास्तास्तदा जग्मुरसुखार्ताः पितामहम्। अनीश्वरा विनश्यामो भगवन्नीश्वरं दिश ॥१२-६७-२०॥
sahitās tās tadā jagmur asukhārtāḥ pitāmaham। anīśvarā vinaśyāmo bhagavan nīśvaraṃ diśa ॥12-67-20॥
[सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - together; ताः (tāḥ) - they (those women); तदा (tadā) - then; जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - went; असुखार्ताः (asukhārtāḥ) - distressed by unhappiness; पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - to the grandsire; अनीश्वराः (anīśvarāḥ) - powerless; विनश्यामः (vinaśyāmaḥ) - we are perishing; भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord; ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - the Lord; दिश (diśa) - show; ॥१२-६७-२०॥ (॥12-67-20॥) -;]
(Together they then went, distressed by unhappiness, to the grandsire. Powerless, we are perishing. O Lord, show us the Lord.)
Together, those women then went to the grandsire, distressed by unhappiness. Powerless, we are perishing. O Lord, show us the Lord.
यं पूजयेम सम्भूय यश्च नः परिपालयेत्। ताभ्यो मनुं व्यादिदेश मनुर्नाभिननन्द ताः ॥१२-६७-२१॥
yaṃ pūjayema sambhūya yaś ca naḥ paripālayet। tābhyo manuṃ vyādideśa manur nābhinananda tāḥ ॥12-67-21॥
[यं (yaṃ) - whom; पूजयेम (pūjayema) - we should worship; सम्भूय (sambhūya) - having assembled; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; नः (naḥ) - us; परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - should protect; ताभ्यः (tābhyaḥ) - to them; मनुम् (manum) - Manu; व्यादिदेश (vyādideśa) - instructed; मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu; न (na) - not; अभिननन्द (abhinananda) - welcomed; ताः (tāḥ) - them;]
(Whom we should worship, having assembled, and who should protect us—to them Manu instructed Manu did not welcome them.)
After assembling, those whom we should worship and who should protect us—Manu instructed them, but Manu did not welcome them.
मनुरुवाच॥
manuruvāca॥
[मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu; (the progenitor of mankind); उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Manu said;)
Manu said:
बिभेमि कर्मणः क्रूराद्राज्यं हि भृशदुष्करम्। विशेषतो मनुष्येषु मिथ्यावृत्तिषु नित्यदा ॥१२-६७-२२॥
bibhemi karmaṇaḥ krūrādrājyaṃ hi bhṛśaduṣkaram। viśeṣato manuṣyeṣu mithyāvṛttiṣu nityadā ॥12-67-22॥
[बिभेमि (bibhemi) - I fear; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; क्रूरात् (krūrāt) - from cruel; राज्यम् (rājyaṃ) - kingdom; हि (hi) - indeed; भृशदुष्करम् (bhṛśaduṣkaram) - very difficult; विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially; मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among men; मिथ्यावृत्तिषु (mithyāvṛttiṣu) - in those of false conduct; नित्यदा (nityadā) - always;]
(I fear the action of a cruel kingdom indeed, (for it is) very difficult; especially among men, always in those of false conduct.)
I am afraid of the actions of a cruel kingdom, for they are very difficult to bear; especially always among men of false conduct.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
तमब्रुवन्प्रजा मा भैः कर्मणैनो गमिष्यति। पशूनामधिपञ्चाशद्धिरण्यस्य तथैव च ॥ धान्यस्य दशमं भागं दास्यामः कोशवर्धनम् ॥१२-६७-२३॥
tam abruvan prajā mā bhaiḥ karmaṇā enaḥ gamiṣyati। paśūnām adhipaṃ cāśad dhiraṇyasya tathaiva ca ॥ dhānyasya daśamaṃ bhāgaṃ dāsyāmaḥ kośavardhanam ॥12-67-23॥
[तम् (tam) - to him; अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; मा (mā) - do not; भैः (bhaiḥ) - fear; कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action; एनः (enaḥ) - sin; गमिष्यति (gamiṣyati) - will go; पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of cattle; अधिप (adhipa) - lord; अशद्धि (aśad dhi) - eat indeed; रण्यस्य (raṇyasya) - of gold; तथैव (tathaiva) - likewise; च (ca) - and; धान्यस्य (dhānyasya) - of grain; दशमं (daśamaṃ) - tenth; भागं (bhāgaṃ) - part; दास्यामः (dāsyāmaḥ) - we shall give; कोशवर्धनम् (kośavardhanam) - for treasury increase;]
(To him the subjects said: "Do not fear; by action the sin will go." The lord of cattle will indeed eat, likewise of gold; of grain, the tenth part we shall give for treasury increase.)
The subjects said to him: "Do not be afraid; the sin will be removed by action." The lord of cattle will take his share, likewise of gold; of grain, we will give a tenth part for the increase of the treasury.
मुख्येन शस्त्रपत्रेण ये मनुष्याः प्रधानतः। भवन्तं तेऽनुयास्यन्ति महेन्द्रमिव देवताः ॥१२-६७-२४॥
mukhyena śastrapatreṇa ye manuṣyāḥ pradhānataḥ। bhavantaṃ te'nu yāsyanti mahendram iva devatāḥ ॥12-67-24॥
[मुख्येन (mukhyena) - by the chief; by the principal; शस्त्रपत्रेण (śastrapatreṇa) - by the blade of a weapon; by a weapon's edge; ये (ye) - who; those who; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - men; human beings; प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - chiefly; primarily; भवन्तं (bhavantaṃ) - you; your honor; ते (te) - they; अनुयास्यन्ति (anu yāsyanti) - will follow; will go after; महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - Mahendra; Indra, the great lord; इव (iva) - like; as; देवताः (devatāḥ) - gods; deities;]
(By the chief weapon's blade, those men chiefly will follow you, as the gods (follow) Mahendra (Indra).)
Those men, led by the chief weapon, will primarily follow you, just as the gods follow Mahendra (Indra).
स त्वं जातबलो राजन्दुष्प्रधर्षः प्रतापवान्। सुखे धास्यसि नः सर्वान्कुबेर इव नैरृतान् ॥१२-६७-२५॥
sa tvaṃ jātabalo rājan duṣpradharṣaḥ pratāpavān। sukhe dhāsyasi naḥ sarvān kubera iva nairṛtān ॥12-67-25॥
[स (sa) - he; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; जातबलः (jātabalaḥ) - one whose strength is innate; राजन् (rājan) - O king; दुष्प्रधर्षः (duṣpradharṣaḥ) - difficult to overcome; प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - possessing splendor; सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness; धास्यसि (dhāsyasi) - you will keep; नः (naḥ) - us; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; कुबेर (kubera) - Kubera; इव (iva) - like; नैरृतान् (nairṛtān) - the beings of Nairṛta;]
(He, you, whose strength is innate, O king, difficult to overcome, possessing splendor, in happiness you will keep us all, like Kubera (keeps) the beings of Nairṛta.)
O king, you, whose strength is innate, unconquerable and glorious, will keep all of us in happiness, just as Kubera keeps the beings of Nairṛta.
यं च धर्मं चरिष्यन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः। चतुर्थं तस्य धर्मस्य त्वत्संस्थं नो भविष्यति ॥१२-६७-२६॥
yaṃ ca dharmaṃ cariṣyanti prajā rājñā surakṣitāḥ। caturthaṃ tasya dharmasya tvatsaṃsthaṃ no bhaviṣyati ॥12-67-26॥
[यं (yaṃ) - which; च (ca) - and; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - duty; चरिष्यन्ति (cariṣyanti) - will practice; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; सुरक्षिताः (surakṣitāḥ) - protected; चतुर्थं (caturthaṃ) - fourth; तस्य (tasya) - of that; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of duty; त्वत्संस्थं (tvatsaṃstham) - established by you; नः (naḥ) - for us; भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be;]
(Which duty the subjects protected by the king will practice, the fourth part of that duty established by you will be for us.)
Whatever duty the subjects protected by the king practice, a fourth part of that duty established by you will accrue to us.
तेन धर्मेण महता सुखलब्धेन भावितः। पाह्यस्मान्सर्वतो राजन्देवानिव शतक्रतुः ॥१२-६७-२७॥
tena dharmeṇa mahatā sukhalabdhena bhāvitaḥ। pāhyasmānsarvato rājan devāniva śatakratuḥ॥12-67-27॥
[तेन (tena) - by that; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma; महता (mahatā) - by great; सुखलब्धेन (sukhalabdhena) - by obtained happiness; भावितः (bhāvitaḥ) - nourished; पाहि (pāhi) - protect; अस्मान् (asmān) - us; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides; राजन् (rājan) - O king; देवान् (devān) - the gods; इव (iva) - like; शतक्रतुः (śatakratuḥ) - Indra;]
(By that great dharma, by obtained happiness, nourished, protect us from all sides, O king, like Indra (protects) the gods.)
O king, being nourished by that great dharma and the happiness obtained from it, protect us from all sides like Indra protects the gods.
विजयायाशु निर्याहि प्रतपन्रश्मिमानिव। मानं विधम शत्रूणां धर्मो जयतु नः सदा ॥१२-६७-२८॥
vijayāyāśu niryāhi pratapanraśmimāniva। mānaṃ vidhama śatrūṇāṃ dharmo jayatu naḥ sadā ॥12-67-28॥
[विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory; आशु (āśu) - quickly; निर्याहि (niryāhi) - go forth; प्रतपन्रश्मिमान् (pratapanraśmimān) - having scorching rays; इव (iva) - like; मानं (mānam) - pride; विधम (vidhama) - destroy; शत्रूणां (śatrūṇāṃ) - of the enemies; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; जयतु (jayatu) - may conquer; नः (naḥ) - our; सदा (sadā) - always;]
(For victory, quickly go forth like the one with scorching rays; destroy the pride of the enemies; may our dharma always conquer.)
Go forth swiftly for victory like the sun with scorching rays; destroy the pride of the enemies; may our dharma always prevail.
स निर्ययौ महातेजा बलेन महता वृतः। महाभिजनसम्पन्नस्तेजसा प्रज्वलन्निव ॥१२-६७-२९॥
sa niryyayau mahātejā balena mahatā vṛtaḥ। mahābhijanasampannastejasā prajvalanniva ॥12-67-29॥
[स (sa) - he; निर्ययौ (niryyayau) - departed; महातेजा (mahātejā) - of great brilliance; बलेन (balena) - with strength; महता (mahatā) - great; वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded; महाभिजनसम्पन्नः (mahābhijanasampannaḥ) - endowed with noble lineage; तेजसा (tejasā) - with splendor; प्रज्वलन् (prajvalan) - blazing; इव (iva) - as if;]
(He departed, of great brilliance, surrounded by great strength, endowed with noble lineage, blazing with splendor as if.)
He, endowed with great brilliance and noble lineage, departed surrounded by mighty strength, blazing with splendor as if aflame.
तस्य तां महिमां दृष्ट्वा महेन्द्रस्येव देवताः। अपतत्रसिरे सर्वे स्वधर्मे च दधुर्मनः ॥१२-६७-३०॥
tasya tāṃ mahimāṃ dṛṣṭvā mahendrasyeva devatāḥ। apatatrasure sarve svadharme ca dadhurmanaḥ ॥12-67-30॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; तां (tāṃ) - that; महिमाम् (mahimām) - greatness; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; महेन्द्रस्य (mahendrasya) - of Mahendra (Indra); इव (iva) - like; देवताः (devatāḥ) - the gods; अपतत्रसिरे (apatatrasire) - became afraid; सर्वे (sarve) - all; स्वधर्मे (svadharme) - in their own duty; च (ca) - and; दधुः (dadhuḥ) - held; मनः (manaḥ) - mind;]
(Having seen that greatness of him, the gods, like (they would) of Mahendra, all became afraid and held their mind in their own duty.)
When the gods saw that greatness of his, just as they would with Mahendra, they all became afraid and fixed their minds on their own duties.
ततो महीं परिययौ पर्जन्य इव वृष्टिमान्। शमयन्सर्वतः पापान्स्वकर्मसु च योजयन् ॥१२-६७-३१॥
tato mahīṃ pariyayau parjanya iva vṛṣṭimān। śamayansarvataḥ pāpān svakarmasu ca yojayan ॥12-67-31॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; महीं (mahīm) - earth; परिययौ (pariyayau) - he went around; पर्जन्य (parjanya) - cloud; इव (iva) - like; वृष्टिमान् (vṛṣṭimān) - possessing rain; शमयन् (śamayan) - pacifying; सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - everywhere; पापान् (pāpān) - sins; स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their own actions; च (ca) - and; योजयन् (yojayan) - engaging;]
(Then he went around the earth like a rain-bearing cloud, pacifying sins everywhere and engaging (people) in their own actions.)
Then he moved about the earth like a rain-filled cloud, dispelling sins everywhere and engaging people in their own duties.
एवं ये भूतिमिच्छेयुः पृथिव्यां मानवाः क्वचित्। कुर्यू राजानमेवाग्रे प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् ॥१२-६७-३२॥
evaṃ ye bhūtim iccheyuḥ pṛthivyāṃ mānavāḥ kvacit। kuryu rājanam evāgre prajānugrahakāraṇāt ॥12-67-32॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; ये (ye) - who; भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity; इच्छेयुः (iccheyuḥ) - would desire; पृथिव्यां (pṛthivyāṃ) - on earth; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans; क्वचित् (kvacit) - at any time; कुर्यु (kuryu) - should make; राजानम् (rājanam) - king; एव (eva) - only; अग्रे (agre) - at the front; प्रजानुग्रहकारणात् (prajānugrahakāraṇāt) - for the sake of the people's welfare;]
(Thus, who would desire prosperity on earth, humans at any time should make the king only at the front for the sake of the people's welfare.)
Therefore, whoever among humans on earth desires prosperity at any time should appoint the king alone at the forefront for the sake of the people's welfare.
नमस्येयुश्च तं भक्त्या शिष्या इव गुरुं सदा। देवा इव सहस्राक्षं प्रजा राजानमन्तिके ॥१२-६७-३३॥
namasyeyuś ca taṃ bhaktyā śiṣyā iva guruṃ sadā। devā iva sahasrākṣaṃ prajā rājānam antike ॥12-67-33॥
[नमस्येयुः (namasyeyuḥ) - would bow; (from nam, to bow) च (ca) - and; तं (taṃ) - him; भक्त्या (bhaktyā) - with devotion; शिष्याः (śiṣyāḥ) - disciples; इव (iva) - like; गुरुं (guruṃ) - teacher; सदा (sadā) - always; देवाः (devāḥ) - gods; इव (iva) - like; सहस्राक्षं (sahasrākṣaṃ) - the thousand-eyed (Indra); प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; अन्तिके (antike) - in the presence (of);]
(And would bow to him with devotion, like disciples to a teacher always, like gods to the thousand-eyed (Indra); the subjects to the king in the presence (of him).)
And they would always bow to him with devotion, just as disciples do to a teacher, and as the gods do to the thousand-eyed Indra; so too did the subjects in the presence of the king.
सत्कृतं स्वजनेनेह परोऽपि बहु मन्यते। स्वजनेन त्ववज्ञातं परे परिभवन्त्युत ॥१२-६७-३४॥
satkṛtaṃ svajaneneha paro'pi bahu manyate। svajanena tvavajñātaṃ pare paribhavantyuta ॥12-67-34॥
[सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - well-honored; स्वजनेन (svajanena) - by one's own people; इह (iha) - here; परः (paraḥ) - another; अपि (api) - even; बहु (bahu) - much; मन्यते (manyate) - considers; स्वजनेन (svajanena) - by one's own people; तु (tu) - but; अवज्ञातम् (avajñātam) - disregarded; परे (pare) - others; परिभवन्ति (paribhavanti) - insult; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Well-honored by one's own people here, even another considers much. But disregarded by one's own people, others indeed insult.)
If someone is respected by their own people here, even outsiders value them highly. But if disregarded by their own, others certainly insult them.
राज्ञः परैः परिभवः सर्वेषामसुखावहः। तस्माच्छत्रं च पत्रं च वासांस्याभरणानि च ॥१२-६७-३५॥
rājñaḥ paraiḥ paribhavaḥ sarveṣāmasukhāvahaḥ। tasmācchatraṃ ca patraṃ ca vāsāṃsyābharaṇāni ca ॥12-67-35॥
[राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; परैः (paraiḥ) - by others; परिभवः (paribhavaḥ) - insult; सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all; असुखावहः (asukhāvahaḥ) - bringing unhappiness; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; छत्रम् (chatram) - umbrella; च (ca) - and; पत्रम् (patram) - fan; च (ca) - and; वासांसि (vāsāṃsi) - garments; आभरणानि (ābharaṇāni) - ornaments; च (ca) - and;]
(The insult of the king by others brings unhappiness to all; therefore, the umbrella, fan, garments, and ornaments (should be given).)
When a king is insulted by others, it brings unhappiness to everyone; therefore, the umbrella, fan, garments, and ornaments should be provided.
भोजनान्यथ पानानि राज्ञे दद्युर्गृहाणि च। आसनानि च शय्याश्च सर्वोपकरणानि च ॥१२-६७-३६॥
bhojanānyatha pānāni rājñe dadyurgr̥hāṇi ca| āsanāni ca śayyāśca sarvopakaraṇāni ca ॥12-67-36॥
[भोजनानि (bhojanāni) - foods; अथ (atha) - then; पानानि (pānāni) - drinks; राज्ञे (rājñe) - to the king; दद्यु: (dadyuḥ) - they should give; गृहाणि (gr̥hāṇi) - houses; च (ca) - and; आसनानि (āsanāni) - seats; च (ca) - and; शय्याः (śayyāḥ) - beds; च (ca) - and; सर्वोपकरणानि (sarvopakaraṇāni) - all implements; च (ca) - and;]
(Foods then drinks to the king they should give, houses and seats and beds and all implements and.)
They should provide the king with food, drinks, houses, seats, beds, and all necessary implements.
गुप्तात्मा स्याद्दुराधर्षः स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता। आभाषितश्च मधुरं प्रतिभाषेत मानवान् ॥१२-६७-३७॥
guptātmā syād durādharṣaḥ smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā। ābhāṣitaś ca madhuraṃ pratibhāṣeta mānavān ॥12-67-37॥
[गुप्तात्मा (guptātmā) - one whose self is guarded; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; दुराधर्षः (durādharṣaḥ) - difficult to overcome; स्मितपूर्व (smita-pūrva) - preceded by a smile; अभिभाषिता (abhibhāṣitā) - addressed; आभाषितः (ābhāṣitaḥ) - spoken to; च (ca) - and; मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweetly; प्रतिभाषेत (pratibhāṣeta) - should reply; मानवान् (mānavān) - to men;]
(One whose self is guarded should be difficult to overcome, addressed preceded by a smile; and when spoken to, should reply sweetly to men.)
A person should guard his inner self, be difficult to overcome, speak with a smile, and when addressed, respond sweetly to others.
कृतज्ञो दृढभक्तिः स्यात्संविभागी जितेन्द्रियः। ईक्षितः प्रतिवीक्षेत मृदु चर्जु च वल्गु च ॥१२-६७-३८॥
kṛtajño dṛḍhabhaktiḥ syātsaṃvibhāgī jitendriyaḥ। īkṣitaḥ prativīkṣeta mṛdu carju ca valgu ca ॥12-67-38॥
[कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - one who is grateful; दृढभक्तिः (dṛḍhabhaktiḥ) - firm in devotion; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; संविभागी (saṃvibhāgī) - one who shares (with others); जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses; ईक्षितः (īkṣitaḥ) - when looked at; प्रतिवीक्षेत (prativīkṣeta) - should look back; मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle; च (ca) - and; अर्जु (arju) - honest; च (ca) - and; वल्गु (valgu) - charming; च (ca) - and;]
(One who is grateful, firm in devotion, should be one who shares (with others), who has conquered the senses; when looked at, he should look back; gentle, and honest, and charming, and.)
He should be grateful, steadfast in devotion, generous, self-controlled; when someone looks at him, he should return the gaze; he should be gentle, honest, and charming.
