12.068
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said:
किमाहुर्दैवतं विप्रा राजानं भरतर्षभ। मनुष्याणामधिपतिं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-६८-१॥
kim āhur daivataṃ viprā rājānaṃ bharatarṣabha। manuṣyāṇām adhipatiṃ tan me brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-68-1॥
[किम् (kim) - what; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; दैवतं (daivataṃ) - divine being; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brāhmaṇas; राजानम् (rājānam) - king; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - bull among the Bharatas; मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men; अधिपतिम् (adhipatim) - lord; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - grandfather;]
(What do the brāhmaṇas say is the divine being, O bull among the Bharatas? The king, the lord of men—that, tell me, grandfather.)
O revered grandfather, O bull among the Bharatas, tell me: whom do the brāhmaṇas call the divine being among men—the king, the lord of men?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said:
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। बृहस्पतिं वसुमना यथा पप्रच्छ भारत ॥१२-६८-२॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। bṛhaspatiṃ vasumanā yathā papraccha bhārata ॥12-68-2॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; बृहस्पतिम् (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati; वसुमना (vasumanā) - Vasumanas; यथा (yathā) - as; पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history: as Vasumanas asked Bṛhaspati, O Bhārata.)
Here too, an ancient story is told: how Vasumanas questioned Bṛhaspati, O Bhārata.
राजा वसुमना नाम कौसल्यो धीमतां वरः। महर्षिं परिपप्रच्छ कृतप्रज्ञो बृहस्पतिम् ॥१२-६८-३॥
rājā vasumanā nāma kausalyo dhīmatāṃ varaḥ। maharṣiṃ paripapraccha kṛtaprajño bṛhaspatim ॥12-68-3॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; वसुमना (vasumanā) - Vasumanā; नाम (nāma) - named; कौसल्यः (kausalyaḥ) - descendant of Kausalya; धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise; वरः (varaḥ) - best; महर्षिम् (maharṣim) - great sage; परिपप्रच्छ (paripapraccha) - asked; कृतप्रज्ञः (kṛtaprajñaḥ) - one of accomplished wisdom; बृहस्पतिम् (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati;]
(King Vasumanā named, the best among the wise, descendant of Kausalya, asked the great sage Bṛhaspati, one of accomplished wisdom.)
King Vasumanā, the best among the wise and a descendant of Kausalya, asked the great sage Bṛhaspati, who was accomplished in wisdom.
सर्वं वैनयिकं कृत्वा विनयज्ञो बृहस्पतेः। दक्षिणानन्तरो भूत्वा प्रणम्य विधिपूर्वकम् ॥१२-६८-४॥
sarvaṃ vainayikaṃ kṛtvā vinayayajño bṛhaspateḥ। dakṣiṇānantaro bhūtvā praṇamya vidhipūrvakam ॥12-68-4॥
[सर्वं (sarvam) - all; everything; वैनयिकं (vainayikam) - relating to discipline; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; having performed; विनयज्ञः (vinayayajñaḥ) - sacrifice of discipline; बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati; (the preceptor of gods; genitive singular) दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - offering; gift; अनन्तरः (anantaraḥ) - immediately after; next; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; having assumed; प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed; having saluted; विधिपूर्वकम् (vidhipūrvakam) - according to procedure; according to rule;]
(Having performed all that pertains to discipline, the sacrifice of discipline of Bṛhaspati, having become (the one) immediately after the offering, having bowed according to procedure.)
Having completed all the rites of discipline, the Vinaya-sacrifice of Bṛhaspati, and, after the offering, having bowed respectfully according to the prescribed procedure.
विधिं पप्रच्छ राज्यस्य सर्वभूतहिते रतः। प्रजानां हितमन्विच्छन्धर्ममूलं विशां पते ॥१२-६८-५॥
vidhiṃ papraccha rājyasya sarvabhūtahite rataḥ। prajānāṃ hitamanvicchandharmamūlaṃ viśāṃ pate ॥12-68-5॥
[विधिं (vidhiṃ) - procedure; पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked; राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom; सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - in the welfare of all beings; रतः (rataḥ) - engaged; प्रजानां (prajānāṃ) - of the subjects; हितम् (hitam) - welfare; अन्विच्छन् (anvicchan) - seeking; धर्ममूलम् (dharmamūlam) - rooted in dharma; विशां (viśām) - of the people; पते (pate) - O lord; ॥१२-६८-५॥ (॥12-68-5॥) - ;]
(Engaged in the welfare of all beings, seeking the welfare of the subjects, O lord of the people, asked the procedure of the kingdom, rooted in dharma.)
Engaged in the welfare of all beings and seeking the welfare of his subjects, the lord of the people asked about the procedure of governance rooted in dharma.
केन भूतानि वर्धन्ते क्षयं गच्छन्ति केन च। कमर्चन्तो महाप्राज्ञ सुखमत्यन्तमाप्नुयुः ॥१२-६८-६॥
kena bhūtāni vardhante kṣayaṃ gacchanti kena ca। kam arcanto mahāprājña sukham atyantam āpnuyuḥ ॥12-68-6॥
[केन (kena) - by what; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - increase; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - go; केन (kena) - by what; च (ca) - and; कम् (kam) - what; अर्चन्तः (arcantaḥ) - worshipping; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supreme; आप्नुयुः (āpnuyuḥ) - may attain;]
(By what do beings increase, and by what do they go to destruction? Worshipping what, O greatly wise one, may they attain supreme happiness?)
By what do beings grow, and by what do they perish? O greatly wise one, worshipping what may they attain supreme happiness?
इति पृष्टो महाराज्ञा कौसल्येनामितौजसा। राजसत्कारमव्यग्रः शशंसास्मै बृहस्पतिः ॥१२-६८-७॥
iti pṛṣṭo mahārājñā kausalyenāmitaujasā। rājasatkāramavyagraḥ śaśaṃsāsmai bṛhaspatiḥ ॥12-68-7॥
[इति (iti) - thus; पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been asked; महाराज्ञा (mahārājñā) - by the great queen; कौसल्येन (kausalyena) - by Kausalya; अमितौजसा (amitaujasā) - of immeasurable energy; राजसत्कारम् (rājasatkāram) - royal honor; अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - unperturbed; शशंस (śaśaṃsa) - declared; अस्मै (asmai) - to her; बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati;]
(Thus, having been asked by the great queen Kausalya of immeasurable energy, Bṛhaspati, unperturbed, declared to her the royal honor.)
Thus, when asked by the illustrious queen Kausalya, Bṛhaspati, calm and composed, explained to her the royal honors.
राजमूलो महाराज धर्मो लोकस्य लक्ष्यते। प्रजा राजभयादेव न खादन्ति परस्परम् ॥१२-६८-८॥
rājamūlo mahārāja dharmo lokasya lakṣyate। prajā rājabhayādeva na khādanti parasparam ॥12-68-8॥
[राजमूलः (rājamūlaḥ) - having the king as root; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people; लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is observed; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; राजभयात् (rājabhayāt) - from fear of the king; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; खादन्ति (khādanti) - devour; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other;]
(Dharma, O great king, having the king as its root, is observed among the people. The subjects, indeed from fear of the king, do not devour each other.)
O great king, dharma is rooted in the king and is observed among the people. It is out of fear of the king that the subjects do not harm one another.
राजा ह्येवाखिलं लोकं समुदीर्णं समुत्सुकम्। प्रसादयति धर्मेण प्रसाद्य च विराजते ॥१२-६८-९॥
rājā hyevākhilaṃ lokaṃ samudīrṇaṃ samutsukam। prasādayati dharmeṇa prasādya ca virājate ॥12-68-9॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; हि (hi) - indeed; एव (eva) - certainly; अखिलं (akhilaṃ) - entire; लोकं (lokaṃ) - world; समुदीर्णं (samudīrṇaṃ) - arisen; समुत्सुकम् (samutsukam) - eager; प्रसादयति (prasādayati) - pleases; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; प्रसाद्य (prasādya) - having pleased; च (ca) - and; विराजते (virājate) - shines;]
(The king indeed certainly the entire world arisen eager pleases by righteousness, having pleased and shines.)
The king, indeed, pleases the entire world, which is arisen and eager, by righteousness; having pleased (them), he shines.
यथा ह्यनुदये राजन्भूतानि शशिसूर्ययोः। अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरपश्यन्तः परस्परम् ॥१२-६८-१०॥
yathā hy anudaye rājan bhūtāni śaśi-sūryayoḥ। andhe tamasi majjeyur apaśyantaḥ parasparam ॥12-68-10॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; हि (hi) - indeed; अनुदये (anudaye) - in the absence of rising; राजन् (rājan) - O king; भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings; शशिसूर्ययोः (śaśi-sūryayoḥ) - of the moon and sun; अन्धे (andhe) - in darkness; तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness; मज्जेयुः (majjeyuḥ) - would sink; अपश्यन्तः (apaśyantaḥ) - not seeing; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other;]
(Just as indeed, O king, in the absence of the rising of the moon and sun, beings would sink in darkness, not seeing each other.)
O king, just as, if the moon and sun did not rise, beings would be immersed in darkness, unable to see one another.
यथा ह्यनुदके मत्स्या निराक्रन्दे विहङ्गमाः। विहरेयुर्यथाकाममभिसृत्य पुनः पुनः ॥१२-६८-११॥
yathā hy anudake matsyā nirākrande vihaṅgamāḥ। vihareyur yathākāmam abhisṛtya punaḥ punaḥ ॥12-68-11॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; हि (hi) - indeed; अनुदके (anudake) - in a place without water; मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fishes; निराक्रन्दे (nirākrande) - in a place without cries (i.e., silent/desolate); विहङ्गमाः (vihaṅgamāḥ) - birds; विहरेयुः (vihareyuḥ) - would roam; यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - as they wish; अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(Just as indeed in a place without water, fishes, and in a place without cries, birds would roam as they wish, having approached again and again.)
Just as, in a place without water, fishes, and in a silent place, birds, would freely roam as they wish, coming and going again and again.
विमथ्यातिक्रमेरंश्च विषह्यापि परस्परम्। अभावमचिरेणैव गच्छेयुर्नात्र संशयः ॥१२-६८-१२॥
vimathyātikrameramśca viṣahyāpi parasparam। abhāvamacireṇaiva gaccheyurnātra saṃśayaḥ ॥12-68-12॥
[विमथ्या (vimathyā) - by churning; by agitation; अतिक्रमैः (atikramaiḥ) - by transgressions; by violations; अंशः (aṃśaḥ) - portion; part; च (ca) - and; विषह्य (viṣahya) - enduring; tolerating; अपि (api) - even; परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually; each other; अभावम् (abhāvam) - non-existence; absence; अचिरेण (acireṇa) - quickly; in a short time; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; गच्छेयुः (gaccheyuḥ) - would go; would reach; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt; uncertainty;]
(By churning, by transgressions, and the portions, even enduring mutually, would quickly indeed go to non-existence; here, there is no doubt.)
If, by agitation and transgressions, the parts even endure each other, they would quickly come to non-existence; there is no doubt about this here.
एवमेव विना राज्ञा विनश्येयुरिमाः प्रजाः। अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरगोपाः पशवो यथा ॥१२-६८-१३॥
evameva vinā rājñā vinaśyeyurimāḥ prajāḥ। andhe tamasi majjeyuragopāḥ paśavo yathā ॥12-68-13॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; विना (vinā) - without; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; विनश्येयुः (vinaśyeyuḥ) - would perish; इमाः (imāḥ) - these; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; अन्धे (andhe) - in darkness; तमसि (tamasi) - in ignorance; मज्जेयुः (majjeyuḥ) - would sink; अगोपाः (agopāḥ) - without a protector; पशवः (paśavaḥ) - cattle; यथा (yathā) - just as;]
(Thus indeed, without the king, these subjects would perish; just as cattle without a protector would sink in darkness and ignorance.)
In the same way, without a king, these people would be destroyed; just as cattle without a herdsman would be lost in darkness and ignorance.
हरेयुर्बलवन्तो हि दुर्बलानां परिग्रहान्। हन्युर्व्यायच्छमानांश्च यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१४॥
hareyur balavanto hi durbalānāṃ parigrahān। hanyur vyāyacchamānāṃś ca yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-14॥
[हरेयुः (hareyuḥ) - would take away; बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - the strong; हि (hi) - indeed; दुर्बलानाम् (durbalānām) - of the weak; परिग्रहान् (parigrahān) - possessions; हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - would destroy; व्यायच्छमानान् (vyāyacchamānān) - those who are striving (to protect themselves); च (ca) - and; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - the king; न (na) - does not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - protect;]
(The strong would take away the possessions of the weak indeed, and would destroy those striving (to protect themselves), if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, the strong will seize the possessions of the weak and destroy those who strive to defend themselves.
यानं वस्त्रमलङ्कारान्रत्नानि विविधानि च। हरेयुः सहसा पापा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१५॥
yānaṃ vastramaḷaṅkārān ratnāni vividhāni ca। hareyuḥ sahasā pāpā yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-15॥
[यानम् (yānam) - vehicle; वस्त्रं (vastram) - cloth; अलङ्कारान् (alaṅkārān) - ornaments; रत्नानि (ratnāni) - gems; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; च (ca) - and; हरेयुः (hareyuḥ) - would steal; सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly; पापाः (pāpāḥ) - evil ones; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Vehicle, cloth, ornaments, gems, various (things) and (all these) would be stolen suddenly by evil ones if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, evil people would suddenly steal vehicles, clothes, ornaments, gems, and various other things.
ममेदमिति लोकेऽस्मिन्न भवेत्सम्परिग्रहः। विश्वलोपः प्रवर्तेत यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१६॥
mamedamiti loke'sminn bhavetsamparigrahaḥ। viśvalopaḥ pravarteta yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-16॥
[मम (mama) - my; of me; इदम् (idam) - this; इति (iti) - thus; so; लोके (loke) - in the world; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; may become; सम्परिग्रहः (samparigrahaḥ) - appropriation; taking possession; विश्वलोपः (viśvalopaḥ) - destruction of all; universal loss; प्रवर्तेत (pravarteta) - would arise; would occur; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect; would govern;]
('My this' thus in this world would be appropriation; universal loss would arise if the king does not protect.)
If in this world people say 'this is mine,' there would be appropriation; if the king does not protect, universal destruction would arise.
मातरं पितरं वृद्धमाचार्यमतिथिं गुरुम्। क्लिश्नीयुरपि हिंस्युर्वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१७॥
mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vṛddham-ācāryam-atithiṃ gurum। kliśnīyur-api hiṃsyur-vā yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-17॥
[मातरम् (mātaram) - mother; पितरम् (pitaram) - father; वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - elder; आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - teacher; अतिथिम् (atithim) - guest; गुरुम् (gurum) - preceptor; क्लिश्नीयुः (kliśnīyuḥ) - may be afflicted; अपि (api) - even; हिंस्युः (hiṃsyuḥ) - may be harmed; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - protects;]
(Mother, father, elder, teacher, guest, preceptor—may be afflicted or even harmed if the king does not protect (them).)
If the king does not protect, then even the mother, father, elder, teacher, guest, or preceptor may be afflicted or harmed.
पतेद्बहुविधं शस्त्रं बहुधा धर्मचारिषु। अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१८॥
pated bahuvidhaṃ śastraṃ bahudhā dharmacāriṣu। adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syād yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-18॥
[पतेत् (pated) - would fall; (from the root पत्, to fall; optative) बहुविधं (bahuvidhaṃ) - of many kinds; शस्त्रं (śastram) - weapon; (here: punishment, instrument of discipline;) बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways; धर्मचारिषु (dharmacāriṣu) - among those who practice dharma; अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; प्रगृहीतः (pragṛhītaḥ) - taken up; (from प्र-√ग्रह्, to seize, to take up;) स्यात् (syāt) - would be; (optative of अस्, to be;) यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect; (optative of √पाल्, to protect, to govern;);]
(The weapon of many kinds would fall in many ways among those who practice dharma; unrighteousness would be taken up if the king would not protect.)
If the king does not protect, then various kinds of punishment would fall in many ways even upon those who practice dharma, and unrighteousness would prevail.
वधबन्धपरिक्लेशो नित्यमर्थवतां भवेत्। ममत्वं च न विन्देयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-१९॥
vadha-bandha-parikleśo nityam arthavatāṃ bhavet। mamatvaṃ ca na vindeyur yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-19॥
[वध (vadha) - killing; बन्ध (bandha) - binding; परिक्लेशः (parikleśaḥ) - affliction; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; अर्थवताम् (arthavatām) - of the wealthy; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; ममत्वम् (mamatvam) - sense of possession; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; विन्देयुः (vindeyuḥ) - would obtain; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Killing, binding, and affliction would always be for the wealthy; and the sense of possession would not be obtained if the king did not protect.)
If the king did not protect, killing, binding, and affliction would always befall the wealthy, and they would not have any sense of possession.
अन्तश्चाकाशमेव स्याल्लोकोऽयं दस्युसाद्भवेत्। पतेच्च नरकं घोरं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२०॥
antaś cākāśam eva syāl loko 'yaṃ dasyu-sād bhavet। patec ca narakaṃ ghoraṃ yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-20॥
[अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside; within; च (ca) - and; आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky; ether; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; may be; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; people; अयम् (ayam) - this; दस्यु-सात् (dasya-sāt) - to the hands of robbers; to the power of bandits; भवेत् (bhavet) - would become; would be; पतेत् (patet) - would fall; च (ca) - and; नरकम् (narakam) - hell; घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible; dreadful; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect; would govern;]
(Inside would indeed be like the sky; this world would fall into the hands of robbers; and would fall into terrible hell if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, this world would become as empty as the sky within, fall into the hands of robbers, and descend into terrible hell.
न योनिपोषो वर्तेत न कृषिर्न वणिक्पथः। मज्जेद्धर्मस्त्रयी न स्याद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२१॥
na yonipoṣo varteta na kṛṣirna vaṇikpathaḥ। majjed dharmastrayī na syādyadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-21॥
[न (na) - not; योनिपोषः (yonipoṣaḥ) - protection of progeny; वर्तेत (varteta) - would exist; न (na) - not; कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture; न (na) - not; वणिक्पथः (vaṇikpathaḥ) - trade route; मज्जेत् (majjet) - would sink; धर्मस्त्रयी (dharmastrayī) - the threefold dharma; न (na) - not; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Not protection of progeny would exist, not agriculture, not trade route; would sink the threefold dharma, would not be, if the king would not protect.)
If the king did not protect, there would be no protection of progeny, no agriculture, no trade, and the threefold dharma would sink and not exist.
न यज्ञाः सम्प्रवर्तेरन्विधिवत्स्वाप्तदक्षिणाः। न विवाहाः समाजा वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२२॥
na yajñāḥ sampravarteran vidhivat svāpta-dakṣiṇāḥ। na vivāhāḥ samājā vā yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-22॥
[न (na) - not; यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - sacrifices; सम्प्रवर्तेरन् (sampravarteran) - would proceed; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; स्वाप्तदक्षिणाः (svāpta-dakṣiṇāḥ) - with properly obtained fees; न (na) - not; विवाहाः (vivāhāḥ) - marriages; समाजाः (samājāḥ) - assemblies; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Not sacrifices would proceed according to rule with properly obtained fees; not marriages, assemblies or, if king not would protect.)
If the king does not protect, then sacrifices with properly obtained fees, marriages, or assemblies would not proceed according to rule.
न वृषाः सम्प्रवर्तेरन्न मथ्येरंश्च गर्गराः। घोषाः प्रणाशं गच्छेयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२३॥
na vṛṣāḥ sampravarteran na mathyeraṃś ca gargarāḥ| ghoṣāḥ praṇāśaṃ gaccheyur yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-23॥
[न (na) - not; वृषाः (vṛṣāḥ) - bulls; सम्प्रवर्तेरन् (sampravarteran) - would move; न (na) - not; मथ्येरन् (mathyeran) - would be churned; च (ca) - and; गर्गराः (gargarāḥ) - grinders; घोषाः (ghoṣāḥ) - villages; प्रणाशं (praṇāśam) - destruction; गच्छेयुः (gaccheyuḥ) - would go; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Not bulls would move, not grinders would be churned, villages would go to destruction if the king would not protect.)
If the king did not protect, bulls would not move, grinders would not be churned, and villages would go to ruin.
त्रस्तमुद्विग्नहृदयं हाहाभूतमचेतनम्। क्षणेन विनशेत्सर्वं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२४॥
trastam udvigna-hṛdayam hāhā-bhūtam acetanam। kṣaṇena vinaśet sarvaṃ yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-24॥
[त्रस्तम् (trastam) - frightened; उद्विग्नहृदयं (udvigna-hṛdayam) - with agitated heart; हाहाभूतम् (hāhā-bhūtam) - become panic-stricken; अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious; क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment; विनशेत् (vinaśet) - would perish; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - were to protect;]
(Frightened, with an agitated heart, panic-stricken, unconscious, in a moment all would perish if the king were not to protect.)
If the king does not protect, then in a moment, everything—frightened, panic-stricken, and unconscious—would perish.
न संवत्सरसत्राणि तिष्ठेयुरकुतोभयाः। विधिवद्दक्षिणावन्ति यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२५॥
na saṃvatsarasatrāṇi tiṣṭheyurakutobhayāḥ। vidhivad dakṣiṇā vanti yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-25॥
[न (na) - not; संवत्सर (saṃvatsara) - year; सत्राणि (satrāṇi) - sacrifices; तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuh) - would remain; अकुतोभयाः (akutobhayāḥ) - free from all fear; विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule; दक्षिणाः (dakṣiṇāḥ) - gifts; वन्ति (vanti) - would be present; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Not the yearly sacrifices would remain free from all fear; according to rule, gifts would be present if the king would not protect.)
If the king does not protect, then even the yearly sacrifices would not remain free from all fear, nor would the gifts be properly given.
ब्राह्मणाश्चतुरो वेदान्नाधीयेरंस्तपस्विनः। विद्यास्नातास्तपःस्नाता यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२६॥
brāhmaṇāś caturō vēdān nādhīyēraṁs tapasvinaḥ। vidyāsnātās tapaḥsnātā yadi rājā na pālayēt ॥12-68-26॥
[ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brāhmaṇas; चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four; वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas; न (na) - not; अधीयेरन् (adhīyēran) - should study; तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics; विद्या-स्नाताः (vidyā-snātāḥ) - bathed in knowledge; तपः-स्नाताः (tapaḥ-snātāḥ) - bathed in austerity; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayēt) - should protect;]
(Brāhmaṇas, the four Vedas, should not study, ascetics, bathed in knowledge, bathed in austerity, if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, then Brāhmaṇas, even if they have studied the four Vedas, are ascetics, bathed in knowledge and austerity, should not study.
हस्तो हस्तं स मुष्णीयाद्भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः। भयार्तं विद्रवेत्सर्वं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२७॥
hasto hastaṃ sa muṣṇīyādbhidyeraṃsarvasetavaḥ। bhayārtaṃ vidravetsarvaṃ yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-27॥
[हस्तः (hastaḥ) - hand; हस्तं (hastaṃ) - hand; सः (saḥ) - he; मुष्णीयात् (muṣṇīyāt) - should steal; भिद्येरन् (bhidyeraṃ) - would be broken; सर्वसेतवः (sarvasetavaḥ) - all barriers; भयार्तम् (bhayārtam) - afflicted by fear; विद्रवेत् (vidravet) - would flee; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - should protect;]
(Hand would steal hand, all barriers would be broken; all afflicted by fear would flee, if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, one hand would steal from another, all barriers would be broken, and everyone afflicted by fear would flee.
न लभेद्धर्मसंश्लेषं हतविप्रहतो जनः। कर्ता स्वेच्छेन्द्रियो गच्छेद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२८॥
na labhed dharmasaṃśleṣaṃ hataviprahato janaḥ। kartā svecchendriyo gacched yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-28॥
[न (na) - not; लभेत् (labhet) - would obtain; धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; संश्लेषं (saṃśleṣaṃ) - union; हत (hata) - destroyed; विप्रहतः (viprahataḥ) - bereft of wise men; जनः (janaḥ) - people; कर्त्ता (kartā) - doer; स्वेच्छा (svecchā) - own will; इन्द्रियः (indriyaḥ) - senses; गच्छेत् (gacchet) - would go; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Not would obtain union with righteousness the people bereft of wise men. The doer, following his own will and senses, would go if the king would not protect.)
People deprived of wise men do not attain union with righteousness. If the king does not protect, everyone acts according to his own will and desires.
अनयाः सम्प्रवर्तेरन्भवेद्वै वर्णसङ्करः। दुर्भिक्षमाविशेद्राष्ट्रं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१२-६८-२९॥
anayāḥ sampravarteran bhaved vai varṇasaṅkaraḥ। durbhikṣam āviśed rāṣṭraṃ yadi rājā na pālayet ॥12-68-29॥
[अनयाः (anayāḥ) - of unrighteousness; सम्प्रवर्तेरन् (sampravarteran) - would arise; भवेत् (bhavet) - would be; वै (vai) - indeed; वर्णसङ्करः (varṇasaṅkaraḥ) - mixing of castes; दुर्भिक्षम् (durbhikṣam) - famine; आविशेत् (āviśet) - would enter; राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect;]
(Of unrighteousness would arise, indeed, mixing of castes; famine would enter the kingdom if the king does not protect.)
If the king does not protect, then unrighteousness would arise, there would indeed be a mixing of castes, and famine would enter the kingdom.
विवृत्य हि यथाकामं गृहद्वाराणि शेरते। मनुष्या रक्षिता राज्ञा समन्तादकुतोभयाः ॥१२-६८-३०॥
vivṛtya hi yathākāmaṃ gṛhadvārāṇi śerate। manuṣyā rakṣitā rājñā samantādakutobhayāḥ ॥12-68-30॥
[विवृत्य (vivṛtya) - having opened; हि (hi) - indeed; यथा (yathā) - as; कामम् (kāmam) - they wish; गृहद्वाराणि (gṛhadvārāṇi) - house doors; शेरते (śerate) - they sleep; मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans; रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; समन्तात् (samantāt) - on all sides; अकुतोभयाः (akutobhayāḥ) - free from any fear;]
(Having opened as they wish the house doors, indeed, humans protected by the king sleep on all sides, free from any fear.)
Indeed, people, protected by the king, sleep with their house doors open as they wish, everywhere, free from any fear.
नाक्रुष्टं सहते कश्चित्कुतो हस्तस्य लङ्घनम्। यदि राजा मनुष्येषु त्राता भवति धार्मिकः ॥१२-६८-३१॥
nākr̥ṣṭaṃ sahate kaścitkuto hastasya laṅghanam। yadi rājā manuṣyeṣu trātā bhavati dhārmikaḥ ॥12-68-31॥
[नाक्रुष्टम् (nākr̥ṣṭam) - not-insulted; सहते (sahate) - endures; कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone; कुतः (kutaḥ) - how; हस्तस्य (hastasya) - of the hand; लङ्घनम् (laṅghanam) - transgression; यदि (yadi) - if; राजा (rājā) - king; मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among men; त्राता (trātā) - protector; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous;]
(Not-insulted endures anyone; how of the hand transgression? If king among men protector becomes righteous.)
No one endures an unprovoked insult; then how could one tolerate the transgression of the hand? If the king among men is a righteous protector.
स्त्रियश्चापुरुषा मार्गं सर्वालङ्कारभूषिताः। निर्भयाः प्रतिपद्यन्ते यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥१२-६८-३२॥
striyaś cāpuruṣā mārgaṃ sarvālaṅkārabhūṣitāḥ। nirbhayāḥ pratipadyante yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ ॥12-68-32॥
[स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women; च (ca) - and; अपुरुषाः (apuruṣāḥ) - men; मार्गम् (mārgam) - road; सर्व (sarva) - all; अलङ्कार (alaṅkāra) - ornaments; भूषिताः (bhūṣitāḥ) - adorned; निर्भयाः (nirbhayāḥ) - fearless; प्रतिपद्यन्ते (pratipadyante) - proceed; यदा (yadā) - when; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king;]
(Women and men, adorned with all ornaments, proceed fearlessly on the road when the king protects.)
When the king protects, women and men, adorned with all ornaments, walk fearlessly on the road.
धर्ममेव प्रपद्यन्ते न हिंसन्ति परस्परम्। अनुगृह्णन्ति चान्योन्यं यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥१२-६८-३३॥
dharmam-eva prapadyante na hiṁsanti parasparam। anugṛhṇanti ca anyonyaṁ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ ॥12-68-33॥
[धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रपद्यन्ते (prapadyante) - resort to; न (na) - not; हिंसन्ति (hiṁsanti) - harm; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other; अनुगृह्णन्ति (anugṛhṇanti) - support; च (ca) - and; अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - one another; यदा (yadā) - when; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king;]
(They indeed resort to dharma, do not harm each other, and support one another, when the king protects.)
When the king protects, people indeed adhere to dharma, do not harm each other, and support one another.
यजन्ते च त्रयो वर्णा महायज्ञैः पृथग्विधैः। युक्ताश्चाधीयते शास्त्रं यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥१२-६८-३४॥
yajante ca trayo varṇā mahāyajñaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ। yuktāś cādhīyate śāstraṃ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ॥12-68-34॥
[यजन्ते (yajante) - they sacrifice; च (ca) - and; त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three; वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - classes; महायज्ञैः (mahāyajñaiḥ) - with great sacrifices; पृथग्विधैः (pṛthagvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds; युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged; च (ca) - and; अधीयते (adhīyate) - studies; शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture; यदा (yadā) - when; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king;]
(The three classes also sacrifice with great sacrifices of various kinds; and being engaged, study the scripture, when the king protects.)
The three classes perform various great sacrifices and, being engaged, study the scriptures when the king offers protection.
वार्तामूलो ह्ययं लोकस्त्रय्या वै धार्यते सदा। तत्सर्वं वर्तते सम्यग्यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥१२-६८-३५॥
vārtāmūlo hy ayaṃ lokaḥ trayyā vai dhāryate sadā। tat sarvaṃ vartate samyag yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ॥12-68-35॥
[वार्ता (vārtā) - livelihood; मूलः (mūlaḥ) - root; हि (hi) - indeed; अयम् (ayam) - this; लोकः (lokaḥ) - world; त्रय्या (trayyā) - by the three Vedas; वै (vai) - indeed; धार्यते (dhāryate) - is supported; सदा (sadā) - always; तत् (tat) - that; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; वर्तते (vartate) - proceeds; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; यदा (yadā) - when; रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king;]
(Livelihood is indeed the root of this world; by the three Vedas, indeed, it is always supported. All that proceeds properly when the king protects.)
Livelihood is truly the foundation of this world; it is always upheld by the three Vedas. Everything functions properly when the king protects it.
यदा राजा धुरं श्रेष्ठामादाय वहति प्रजाः। महता बलयोगेन तदा लोकः प्रसीदति ॥१२-६८-३६॥
yadā rājā dhuraṃ śreṣṭhām ādāya vahati prajāḥ। mahatā balayogena tadā lokaḥ prasīdati ॥12-68-36॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; राजा (rājā) - king; धुरं (dhuraṃ) - burden; श्रेष्ठाम् (śreṣṭhām) - best; आदाय (ādāya) - having taken; वहति (vahati) - carries; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; महता (mahatā) - by great; बलयोगेन (balayogena) - with the union of strength; तदा (tadā) - then; लोकः (lokaḥ) - the people; प्रसीदति (prasīdati) - become pleased;]
(When the king, having taken up the best burden, carries (it) for the subjects with great union of strength, then the people become pleased.)
When the king assumes the highest responsibility and bears it for his subjects with great strength, then the people are content.
यस्याभावे च भूतानामभावः स्यात्समन्ततः। भावे च भावो नित्यः स्यात्कस्तं न प्रतिपूजयेत् ॥१२-६८-३७॥
yasyābhāve ca bhūtānām abhāvaḥ syāt samantataḥ। bhāve ca bhāvo nityaḥ syāt kaḥ taṃ na pratipūjayet ॥12-68-37॥
[यस्य (yasya) - of whom; अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence; च (ca) - and; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings; अभावः (abhāvaḥ) - non-existence; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - everywhere; भावे (bhāve) - in the presence; च (ca) - and; भावः (bhāvaḥ) - existence; नित्यः (nityaḥ) - eternal; स्यात् (syāt) - would be; कः (kaḥ) - who; तं (taṃ) - him; न (na) - not; प्रतिपूजयेत् (pratipūjayet) - would not worship;]
(Of whom, in the absence, and of beings non-existence would be everywhere; in the presence, and existence eternal would be; who him not would worship?)
Who would not worship him, in whose absence all beings would cease to exist everywhere, and in whose presence existence is eternal?
तस्य यो वहते भारं सर्वलोकसुखावहम्। तिष्ठेत्प्रियहिते राज्ञ उभौ लोकौ हि यो जयेत् ॥१२-६८-३८॥
tasya yo vahate bhāraṃ sarvalokasukhāvaham। tiṣṭhetpriyahite rājña ubhau lokau hi yo jayet॥12-68-38॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; यः (yaḥ) - who; वहते (vahate) - bears; भारम् (bhāram) - burden; सर्वलोकसुखावहम् (sarvalokasukhāvaham) - bringing happiness to all worlds; तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - should stand; प्रियहिते (priyahite) - in the dear and beneficial; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; उभौ (ubhau) - both; लोकौ (lokau) - worlds; हि (hi) - indeed; यः (yaḥ) - who; जयेत् (jayet) - conquers;]
(Of him, who bears the burden bringing happiness to all worlds, who should stand in the dear and beneficial of the king, indeed, who conquers both worlds.)
He who bears the burden that brings happiness to all people, who stands for what is dear and beneficial to the king, truly conquers both worlds.
यस्तस्य पुरुषः पापं मनसाप्यनुचिन्तयेत्। असंशयमिह क्लिष्टः प्रेत्यापि नरकं पतेत् ॥१२-६८-३९॥
yas tasya puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ manasāpy anucintayet। asaṃśayam iha kliṣṭaḥ pretyāpi narakaṃ patet ॥12-68-39॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; तस्य (tasya) - of him; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; पापं (pāpaṃ) - sin; मनसा (manasā) - by mind; अपि (api) - even; अनुचिन्तयेत् (anucintayet) - should contemplate; असंशयम् (asaṃśayam) - without doubt; इह (iha) - here; क्लिष्टः (kliṣṭaḥ) - afflicted; प्रेत्य (pretya) - having died; अपि (api) - even; नरकं (narakaṃ) - hell; पतेत् (patet) - should fall;]
(Whoever man should even contemplate sin by mind, without doubt, here is afflicted, and even after death should fall into hell.)
Whoever even mentally contemplates sin, that man, without doubt, suffers here and, after death, falls into hell.
न हि जात्ववमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः। महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति ॥१२-६८-४०॥
na hi jātvavamantavyo manuṣya iti bhūmipaḥ। mahatī devatā hyeṣā nararūpeṇa tiṣṭhati ॥12-68-40॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; जातु (jātu) - ever; अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - to be despised; मनुष्यः (manuṣyaḥ) - a man; इति (iti) - thus; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king; महती (mahatī) - great; देवता (devatā) - divinity; हि (hi) - indeed; एषा (eṣā) - this; नररूपेण (nararūpeṇa) - in the form of a man; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - abides;]
(Indeed, a man is never to be despised, thus (says) the king. This great divinity indeed abides in the form of a man.)
A man should never be despised, says the king, for a great divinity truly dwells in human form.
कुरुते पञ्च रूपाणि कालयुक्तानि यः सदा। भवत्यग्निस्तथादित्यो मृत्युर्वैश्रवणो यमः ॥१२-६८-४१॥
kurute pañca rūpāṇi kālayuktāni yaḥ sadā। bhavatyagnistathādityo mṛtyurvaiśravaṇo yamaḥ ॥12-68-41॥
[कुरुते (kurute) - does; creates; makes; पञ्च (pañca) - five; रूपाणि (rūpāṇi) - forms; कालयुक्तानि (kālayuktāni) - endowed with time; associated with time; यः (yaḥ) - who; सदा (sadā) - always; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; is; अग्निः (agniḥ) - Agni; fire; तथा (tathā) - thus; likewise; आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - Āditya; the Sun; मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death; वैश्रवणः (vaiśravaṇaḥ) - Vaiśravaṇa; Kubera; यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama; god of death;]
(He who always creates five forms associated with time becomes Agni, thus Āditya, death, Vaiśravaṇa, Yama.)
He who always assumes five forms associated with time becomes Agni, the Sun, Death, Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera), and Yama.
यदा ह्यासीदतः पापान्दहत्युग्रेण तेजसा। मिथ्योपचरितो राजा तदा भवति पावकः ॥१२-६८-४२॥
yadā hy āsīd ataḥ pāpān dahaty ugreṇa tejasā। mithyopacarito rājā tadā bhavati pāvakaḥ॥12-68-42॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; हि (hi) - indeed; अासीदतः (āsīd ataḥ) - was from him; पापान् (pāpān) - sins; दहति (dahati) - burns; उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - with fierce; तेजसा (tejasā) - energy; मिथ्या-उपचरितः (mithyopacaritaḥ) - falsely accused; राजा (rājā) - king; तदा (tadā) - then; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire;]
(When indeed from him was, sins burns with fierce energy; the king falsely accused then becomes fire.)
When the king is falsely accused, then he, burning away sins with fierce energy, becomes like fire.
यदा पश्यति चारेण सर्वभूतानि भूमिपः। क्षेमं च कृत्वा व्रजति तदा भवति भास्करः ॥१२-६८-४३॥
yadā paśyati cāreṇa sarvabhūtāni bhūmipaḥ। kṣemaṃ ca kṛtvā vrajati tadā bhavati bhāskaraḥ ॥12-68-43॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; पश्यति (paśyati) - sees; चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of a spy; सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king; क्षेमं (kṣemaṃ) - welfare; च (ca) - and; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; व्रजति (vrajati) - goes; तदा (tadā) - then; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - the sun;]
(When the king, by means of a spy, sees all beings and, having ensured welfare, goes, then he becomes the sun.)
When the king, through the agency of a spy, observes all beings and, having ensured their welfare, proceeds, then he becomes like the sun.
अशुचींश्च यदा क्रुद्धः क्षिणोति शतशो नरान्। सपुत्रपौत्रान्सामात्यांस्तदा भवति सोऽन्तकः ॥१२-६८-४४॥
aśucīṁś ca yadā kruddhaḥ kṣiṇoti śataśo narān। saputrapautrānsāmātyāṁs tadā bhavati so'ntakaḥ॥12-68-44॥
[अशुचीन् (aśucīn) - impure ones; च (ca) - and; यदा (yadā) - when; क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry; क्षिणोति (kṣiṇoti) - destroys; शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds; नरान् (narān) - men; सपुत्रपौत्रान् (saputrapautrān) - with sons and grandsons; सामात्यान् (sāmātyān) - with ministers; तदा (tadā) - then; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; सः (saḥ) - he; अन्तकः (antakaḥ) - death; ॥१२-६८-४४॥ (॥12-68-44॥) - ॥12-68-44॥;]
(And when angry, he destroys impure men by hundreds, with sons, grandsons, and ministers; then he becomes death.)
When, in anger, he destroys impure men by the hundreds, along with their sons, grandsons, and ministers, then he becomes like Death itself.
यदा त्वधार्मिकान्सर्वांस्तीक्ष्णैर्दण्डैर्नियच्छति। धार्मिकांश्चानुगृह्णाति भवत्यथ यमस्तदा ॥१२-६८-४५॥
yadā tvadhārmikānsarvāṃstīkṣṇairdaṇḍairniyacchati। dhārmikāṃścānugṛhṇāti bhavatyatha yamastadā ॥12-68-45॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; तु (tu) - but; अधार्मिकान् (adhārmikān) - unrighteous ones; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp; दण्डैः (daṇḍaiḥ) - punishments; नियच्छति (niyacchati) - restrains; धार्मिकान् (dhārmikān) - righteous ones; च (ca) - and; अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - favors; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अथ (atha) - then; यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death); तदा (tadā) - at that time;]
(When, but, all unrighteous ones, with sharp punishments, restrains; righteous ones, and, favors; becomes, then, Yama, at that time.)
When Yama restrains all the unrighteous with sharp punishments and favors the righteous, then he truly becomes Yama at that time.
यदा तु धनधाराभिस्तर्पयत्युपकारिणः। आच्छिनत्ति च रत्नानि विविधान्यपकारिणाम् ॥१२-६८-४६॥
yadā tu dhanadhārābhis tarpayaty upakāriṇaḥ। ācchinnatti ca ratnāni vividhāny apakāriṇām ॥12-68-46॥
[यदा (yadā) - when; तु (tu) - but; धनधाराभिः (dhanadhārābhiḥ) - with streams of wealth; तर्पयति (tarpayati) - satisfies; उपकारिणः (upakāriṇaḥ) - benefactors; आच्छिनत्ति (ācchinnatti) - takes away; च (ca) - and; रत्नानि (ratnāni) - gems; विविधानि (vividhāni) - various; अपकारिणाम् (apakāriṇām) - from malefactors;]
(But when (he) satisfies benefactors with streams of wealth, and takes away various gems from malefactors.)
But when he rewards benefactors with streams of wealth and takes away various gems from wrongdoers.
श्रियं ददाति कस्मैचित्कस्माच्चिदपकर्षति। तदा वैश्रवणो राजँल्लोके भवति भूमिपः ॥१२-६८-४७॥
śriyaṃ dadāti kasmaicit kasmāc cid apakarṣati। tadā vaiśravaṇo rājaṃl loke bhavati bhūmipaḥ ॥12-68-47॥
[श्रियं (śriyam) - prosperity; ददाति (dadāti) - gives; कस्मैचित् (kasmaicit) - to someone; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from someone; चित् (cit) - indeed; अपकर्षति (apakarṣati) - takes away; तदा (tadā) - then; वैश्रवणः (vaiśravaṇaḥ) - Vaiśravaṇa; राजन् (rājan) - king; लोके (loke) - in the world; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - lord of the earth;]
(Prosperity gives to someone, from someone indeed takes away. Then Vaiśravaṇa, king, in the world becomes lord of the earth.)
Prosperity is given to some and taken away from others; then Vaiśravaṇa becomes the king, the lord of the earth, in the world.
नास्यापवादे स्थातव्यं दक्षेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा। धर्म्यमाकाङ्क्षता लाभमीश्वरस्यानसूयता ॥१२-६८-४८॥
nāsyāpavāde sthātavyaṃ dakṣeṇākliṣṭakarmaṇā। dharmyamakāṅkṣatā lābhāmīśvarasyānasūyatā ॥12-68-48॥
[न (na) - not; अस्य (asya) - of this; अपवादे (apavāde) - in blame; स्थातव्यम् (sthātavyam) - should remain; दक्षेण (dakṣeṇa) - by the skillful; अक्लिष्टकर्मणा (akliṣṭakarmaṇā) - by one whose actions are unwearied; धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous; आकाङ्क्षता (ākāṅkṣatā) - desiring; लाभम् (lābham) - gain; ईश्वरस्य (īśvarasya) - of the Lord; अनसूयता (anasūyatā) - absence of envy;]
(One should not remain in blame; by the skillful whose actions are unwearied, desiring righteous gain, absence of envy towards the Lord.)
One should not remain in blame; a skillful person whose actions are unwearied, desiring righteous gain, and without envy towards the Lord.
न हि राज्ञः प्रतीपानि कुर्वन्सुखमवाप्नुयात्। पुत्रो भ्राता वयस्यो वा यद्यप्यात्मसमो भवेत् ॥१२-६८-४९॥
na hi rājñaḥ pratīpāni kurvan sukham avāpnuyāt. putro bhrātā vayasyō vā yadyapy ātmasamo bhavet ॥12-68-49॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; प्रतीपानि (pratīpāni) - contrary acts; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - would attain; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother; वयस्यः (vayasyaḥ) - friend; वा (vā) - or; यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if; आत्मसमः (ātmasamaḥ) - equal to oneself; भवेत् (bhavet) - may be;]
(Not indeed by doing contrary acts to the king would one attain happiness; son, brother, or friend, even if he may be equal to oneself.)
No one attains happiness by acting against the king; whether he is a son, brother, or friend, even if he is equal to oneself.
कुर्यात्कृष्णगतिः शेषं ज्वलितोऽनिलसारथिः। न तु राज्ञाभिपन्नस्य शेषं क्वचन विद्यते ॥१२-६८-५०॥
kuryāt-kṛṣṇagatiḥ śeṣaṃ jvalito'nilasārathiḥ। na tu rājñābhipannasya śeṣaṃ kvacana vidyate ॥12-68-50॥
[कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; (optative of kṛ, to do;) कृष्णगतिः (kṛṣṇagatiḥ) - having the course of Kṛṣṇa (darkness, night); शेषं (śeṣam) - the remainder; (that which is left;) ज्वलितः (jvalitaḥ) - inflamed; (burning;) अनिलसारथिः (anilasārathiḥ) - whose charioteer is wind; (epithet of fire;) न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king; अभिपन्नस्य (abhipannasya) - of one who is subdued; (overcome;) शेषं (śeṣam) - remainder; क्वचन (kvacana) - anywhere; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists;]
(Should do, having the course of Kṛṣṇa (night), the remainder, inflamed, whose charioteer is wind. Not but by the king of one who is subdued, the remainder anywhere exists.)
The remainder, having the course of Kṛṣṇa (night), should be consumed by fire whose charioteer is wind. But for one who is subdued by the king, no remainder exists anywhere.
तस्य सर्वाणि रक्ष्याणि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्। मृत्योरिव जुगुप्सेत राजस्वहरणान्नरः ॥१२-६८-५१॥
tasya sarvāṇi rakṣyāṇi dūrataḥ parivarjayet। mṛtyoriva jugupseta rājasvaharaṇānnaraḥ ॥12-68-51॥
[तस्य (tasya) - of him; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; रक्ष्याणि (rakṣyāṇi) - things to be protected; दूरतः (dūrataḥ) - from a distance; परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - should avoid; मृत्योरिव (mṛtyoriva) - like from death; जुगुप्सेत (jugupseta) - should shun; राजस्वहरणात् (rājasvaharaṇāt) - from the seizure of royal revenue; नरः (naraḥ) - a man;]
(Of him, all things to be protected should be avoided from a distance; like from death, a man should shun the seizure of royal revenue.)
One should keep away from all things that must be protected by him; just as one shuns death, a man should avoid the seizure of royal revenue.
नश्येदभिमृशन्सद्यो मृगः कूटमिव स्पृशन्। आत्मस्वमिव संरक्षेद्राजस्वमिह बुद्धिमान् ॥१२-६८-५२॥
naśyed abhimṛśan sadyo mṛgaḥ kūṭam iva spṛśan। ātmasvam iva saṁrakṣed rājasvam iha buddhimān ॥12-68-52॥
[नश्येत् (naśyet) - would perish; अभिमृशन् (abhimṛśan) - touching; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - animal; कूटम् (kūṭam) - trap; इव (iva) - like; स्पृशन् (spṛśan) - touching; आत्मस्वम् (ātmasvam) - one's own property; इव (iva) - like; संरक्षेत् (saṁrakṣet) - should protect; राजस्वम् (rājasvam) - royal property; इह (iha) - here; बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - wise person;]
(An animal, immediately perishing by touching a trap, so should a wise person here protect royal property as his own property.)
Just as an animal perishes instantly upon touching a trap, so too should a wise person here protect royal property as he would his own.
महान्तं नरकं घोरमप्रतिष्ठमचेतसः। पतन्ति चिररात्राय राजवित्तापहारिणः ॥१२-६८-५३॥
mahāntaṃ narakaṃ ghoram apratiṣṭham acetasaḥ। patanti cirarātrāya rājavittāpahāriṇaḥ ॥12-68-53॥
[महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great; large; नरकम् (narakam) - hell; घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible; dreadful; अप्रतिष्ठम् (apratiṣṭham) - unstable; without foundation; अचेतसः (acetasaḥ) - unwise; senseless; पतन्ति (patanti) - fall; descend; चिररात्राय (cirarātrāya) - for a long night; for a long time; राजवित्तापहारिणः (rājavittāpahāriṇaḥ) - those who steal royal wealth;]
(The unwise fall into a great, terrible, unstable hell for a long time, those who steal royal wealth.)
Those who steal the king's wealth, being unwise, fall into a great and dreadful hell without foundation for a long duration.
राजा भोजो विराट्सम्राट्क्षत्रियो भूपतिर्नृपः। य एवं स्तूयते शब्दैः कस्तं नार्चितुमिच्छति ॥१२-६८-५४॥
rājā bhojo virātsamrāṭkṣatriyo bhūpatir nṛpaḥ। ya evaṃ stūyate śabdaiḥ kaḥ taṃ nārcitum icchati ॥12-68-54॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; भोजः (bhojaḥ) - Bhoja (proper name); विराट् (virāṭ) - great; vast; सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - Kṣatriya (warrior class); भूपतिः (bhūpatiḥ) - lord of the earth; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; यः (yaḥ) - who; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; स्तूयते (stūyate) - is praised; शब्दैः (śabdaiḥ) - by words; कः (kaḥ) - who; तम् (tam) - him; न (na) - not; अर्चितुम् (arcitum) - to worship; इच्छति (icchati) - desires;]
(King Bhoja, great, emperor, Kṣatriya, lord of the earth, king; who thus is praised by words, who him not to worship desires?)
King Bhoja, the great emperor, Kṣatriya, lord of the earth—who, being praised in such words, would not wish to worship him?
तस्माद्बुभूषुर्नियतो जितात्मा संयतेन्द्रियः। मेधावी स्मृतिमान्दक्षः संश्रयेत महीपतिम् ॥१२-६८-५५॥
tasmādbubhūṣurniyato jitātmā saṃyatendriyaḥ। medhāvī smṛtimāndakṣaḥ saṃśrayeta mahīpatim ॥12-68-55॥
[तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; बुभूषुः (bubhūṣuḥ) - desiring to live; नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled; जितात्मा (jitātmā) - one who has conquered the self; संयत-इन्द्रियः (saṃyata-indriyaḥ) - one whose senses are restrained; मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent; स्मृतिमान् (smṛtimān) - possessed of memory; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - skillful; संश्रयेत् (saṃśrayet) - should seek refuge; महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king;]
(Therefore, one desiring to live, self-controlled, who has conquered the self, whose senses are restrained, intelligent, possessed of memory, skillful, should seek refuge in the king.)
Therefore, a person who wishes to live, who is self-controlled, disciplined, intelligent, mindful, and skillful, should seek the protection of the king.
कृतज्ञं प्राज्ञमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिं जितेन्द्रियम्। धर्मनित्यं स्थितं स्थित्यां मन्त्रिणं पूजयेन्नृपः ॥१२-६८-५६॥
kṛtajñaṃ prājñam akṣudraṃ dṛḍhabhaktiṃ jitendriyam। dharmanityaṃ sthitaṃ sthityāṃ mantriṇaṃ pūjayen nṛpaḥ ॥12-68-56॥
[कृतज्ञम् (kṛtajñam) - one who is grateful; प्राज्ञम् (prājñam) - wise; अक्षुद्रम् (akṣudram) - not petty; दृढभक्तिम् (dṛḍhabhaktim) - firm in devotion; जितेन्द्रियम् (jitendriyam) - one who has conquered the senses; धर्मनित्यम् (dharmanityam) - always righteous; स्थितम् (sthitam) - steadfast; स्थित्याम् (sthityām) - in stability; मन्त्रिणम् (mantriṇam) - minister; पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should honor; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king;]
(The king should honor a minister who is grateful, wise, not petty, firm in devotion, has conquered the senses, always righteous, steadfast, and established in stability.)
A king should honor as his minister one who is grateful, wise, magnanimous, steadfast in devotion, self-controlled, ever righteous, firm, and established in stability.
दृढभक्तिं कृतप्रज्ञं धर्मज्ञं संयतेन्द्रियम्। शूरमक्षुद्रकर्माणं निषिद्धजनमाश्रयेत् ॥१२-६८-५७॥
dṛḍhabhaktiṃ kṛtaprajñaṃ dharmajñaṃ saṃyatendriyam। śūram akṣudrakarmāṇaṃ niṣiddhajanam āśrayet ॥12-68-57॥
[दृढभक्तिम् (dṛḍhabhaktim) - firm devotion; कृतप्रज्ञम् (kṛtaprajñam) - one of accomplished wisdom; धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - knower of dharma; संयत-इन्द्रियम् (saṃyata-indriyam) - one whose senses are controlled; शूरम् (śūram) - heroic; अक्शुद्र-कर्माणम् (akṣudra-karmāṇam) - not of petty actions; निषिद्ध-जनम् (niṣiddha-janam) - avoiding prohibited people; आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - one should associate with;]
(One should associate with one of firm devotion, accomplished wisdom, knower of dharma, whose senses are controlled, heroic, not of petty actions, and who avoids prohibited people.)
One should seek the company of a person who is firmly devoted, wise, knowledgeable in dharma, self-controlled, heroic, not engaged in petty deeds, and who avoids the company of the prohibited.
राजा प्रगल्भं पुरुषं करोति; राजा कृशं बृंहयते मनुष्यम्। राजाभिपन्नस्य कुतः सुखानि; राजाभ्युपेतं सुखिनं करोति ॥१२-६८-५८॥
rājā pragalbhaṃ puruṣaṃ karoti; rājā kṛśaṃ bṛṃhayate manuṣyam. rājābhipannasya kutaḥ sukhāni; rājābhyupetaṃ sukhinaṃ karoti ॥12-68-58॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; प्रगल्भं (pragalbham) - bold; पुरुषं (puruṣam) - man; करोति (karoti) - makes; राजा (rājā) - king; कृशं (kṛśam) - weak; बृंहयते (bṛṃhayate) - strengthens; मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - person; राजाभिपन्नस्य (rājābhipannasya) - of one opposed by the king; कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence; सुखानि (sukhāni) - pleasures; राजाभ्युपेतं (rājābhyupetaṃ) - favored by the king; सुखिनं (sukhinaṃ) - happy; करोति (karoti) - makes;]
(The king makes a man bold; the king strengthens a weak person. Of one opposed by the king, whence pleasures? The king makes one favored by him happy.)
The king makes a man bold and strengthens the weak. One who is opposed by the king, how can he have happiness? The king makes the one he favors happy.
राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीयो; गतिः प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च। यमाश्रिता लोकमिमं परं च; जयन्ति सम्यक्पुरुषा नरेन्द्रम् ॥१२-६८-५९॥
rājā prajānāṃ hṛdayaṃ garīyo; gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā sukhamuttamaṃ ca। yamāśritā lokamimaṃ paraṃ ca; jayanti samyakpuruṣā narendram ॥12-68-59॥
[राजा (rājā) - king; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects; हृदयं (hṛdayam) - heart; गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - greater; गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge; प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness; उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme; च (ca) - and; यम् (yam) - whom; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - having taken refuge; लोकम् (lokam) - world; इमम् (imam) - this; परम् (param) - other; च (ca) - and; जयन्ति (jayanti) - conquer; सम्यक् (samyak) - rightly; पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; नरेन्द्रम् (narendram) - the king;]
(The king is the greater heart of the subjects; (he is) the refuge, foundation, and supreme happiness. Those who have taken refuge in him conquer this world and the next, rightly, O men, the king.)
The king is truly the heart and greatest refuge of his people; he is their foundation and highest happiness. Those who take refuge in him, O men, rightly attain success in this world and the next, conquering all, with the king.
नराधिपश्चाप्यनुशिष्य मेदिनीं; दमेन सत्येन च सौहृदेन। महद्भिरिष्ट्वा क्रतुभिर्महायशा; स्त्रिविष्टपे स्थानमुपैति सत्कृतम् ॥१२-६८-६०॥
narādhipaś cāpy anuśiṣya medinīṃ; damena satyena ca sauhṛdena. mahadbhir iṣṭvā kratu-bhir mahā-yaśāḥ; striviṣṭape sthānam upaiti satkṛtam ॥12-68-60॥
[नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; अनुशिष्य (anuśiṣya) - having instructed; मेदिनीं (medinīm) - the earth; दमेन (damena) - by self-restraint; सत्येन (satyena) - by truth; च (ca) - and; सौहृदेन (sauhṛdena) - by friendship; महत्भिः (mahatbhiḥ) - by great (ones); इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having worshipped; क्रतुभिः (kratubhiḥ) - with sacrifices; महायशाः (mahā-yaśāḥ) - of great fame; स्त्रिविष्टपे (striviṣṭape) - in heaven; स्थानम् (sthānam) - place; उपैति (upaiti) - attains; सत्कृतम् (satkṛtam) - honored;]
(The king, having instructed the earth, by self-restraint, by truth and by friendship, having worshipped with great sacrifices, of great fame, attains an honored place in heaven.)
The king, after instructing the earth and ruling with self-restraint, truth, and friendship, and having performed great sacrifices, attains an honored place in heaven.
स एवमुक्तो गुरुणा कौसल्यो राजसत्तमः। प्रयत्नात्कृतवान्वीरः प्रजानां परिपालनम् ॥१२-६८-६१॥
sa evam-ukto guruṇā kausalyo rājasattamaḥ। prayatnāt kṛtavān vīraḥ prajānāṃ paripālanam ॥12-68-61॥
[स (sa) - he; एवम् (evam) - thus; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed; गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher; कौसल्यः (kausalyaḥ) - Kausalya's son; राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - best among kings; प्रयत्नात् (prayatnāt) - with effort; कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - did; वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects; परिपालनम् (paripālanam) - protection;]
(He, thus addressed by the teacher, Kausalya's son, best among kings, with effort did the protection of the subjects, the hero.)
Thus addressed by his teacher, the heroic Kausalya, best among kings, diligently protected his subjects.
