12.094
वामदेव उवाच॥
vāmadeva uvāca॥
[वामदेव (vāmadeva) - Vāmadeva; (proper name); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vāmadeva said;)
Vāmadeva said.
यत्राधर्मं प्रणयते दुर्बले बलवत्तरः। तां वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति ये भवन्ति तदन्वयाः ॥१२-९४-१॥
yatrādharmaṃ praṇayate durbale balavattaraḥ। tāṃ vṛttim-upajīvanti ye bhavanti tadanvayāḥ ॥12-94-1॥
[यत्र (yatra) - where; अधर्मं (adharmaṃ) - unrighteousness; प्रणयते (praṇayate) - causes to prevail; दुर्बले (durbale) - upon the weak; बलवत्तरः (balavattaraḥ) - the stronger; तां (tāṃ) - that; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - conduct; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - live by; ये (ye) - those who; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; तदन्वयाः (tadanvayāḥ) - their descendants;]
(Where the stronger causes unrighteousness to prevail upon the weak, those who are their descendants live by that conduct.)
Wherever the strong oppress the weak with unrighteousness, their descendants continue to follow that way of life.
राजानमनुवर्तन्ते तं पापाभिप्रवर्तकम्। अविनीतमनुष्यं तत्क्षिप्रं राष्ट्रं विनश्यति ॥१२-९४-२॥
rājānam anuvartante taṃ pāpābhipravartakam। avinīta-manuṣyaṃ tat kṣipraṃ rāṣṭraṃ vinaśyati ॥12-94-2॥
[राजानम् (rājānam) - king; (accusative singular) अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - follow; (they) तं (taṃ) - him; (that) पाप-अभि-प्रवर्तकम् (pāpa-abhi-pravartakam) - one who leads towards evil; अविनीत-मनुष्यं (avinīta-manuṣyam) - undisciplined man; (accusative singular) तत् (tat) - that; क्षिप्रं (kṣipram) - quickly; राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭram) - kingdom; (accusative singular) विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes; (it) ॥१२-९४-२॥ (॥12-94-2॥) -;]
(They follow the king, him who leads towards evil. The kingdom of an undisciplined man, that quickly perishes.)
People follow the king, even if he leads them to evil. The kingdom ruled by an undisciplined person quickly perishes.
यद्वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति प्रकृतिस्थस्य मानवाः। तदेव विषमस्थस्य स्वजनोऽपि न मृष्यते ॥१२-९४-३॥
yadvṛttim-upajīvanti prakṛtisthasya mānavāḥ। tadeva viṣamasthasya svajano'pi na mṛṣyate ॥12-94-3॥
[यद् (yad) - which; वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood; उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - subsist upon; प्रकृतिस्थस्य (prakṛtisthasya) - of one who is in a natural state; मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people; तत् (tat) - that; एव (eva) - only; विषमस्थस्य (viṣamasthasya) - of one who is in adversity; स्वजनः (svajanaḥ) - one's own people; अपि (api) - even; न (na) - not; मृष्यते (mṛṣyate) - endure;]
(Which livelihood people subsist upon of one who is in a natural state, that only of one who is in adversity, one's own people even do not endure.)
The means of livelihood that people accept from one who is in a normal state, the same, when from one in adversity, even his own people do not tolerate.
साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र कुरुते किञ्चिदुल्बणम्। अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥१२-९४-४॥
sāhasaprakṛtir yatra kurute kiñcid ulbaṇam। aśāstralakṣaṇo rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati ॥12-94-4॥
[साहस (sāhasa) - rashness; प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - nature; यत्र (yatra) - where; कुरुते (kurute) - does; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something; उल्बणम् (ulbaṇam) - violent; अशास्त्रलक्षणः (aśāstralakṣaṇaḥ) - not marked by śāstra; राजा (rājā) - king; क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly; एव (eva) - indeed; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes;]
(Where one whose nature is rash does something violent, a king not marked by śāstra quickly indeed perishes.)
Where a king acts rashly and violently, disregarding the guidance of the śāstra, he quickly perishes.
योऽत्यन्ताचरितां वृत्तिं क्षत्रियो नानुवर्तते। जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-५॥
yo’tyantācaritāṃ vṛttiṃ kṣatriyo nānuvartate। jitānāmajitānāṃ ca kṣatradharmādapaiti saḥ ॥12-94-5॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; अत्यन्त (atyanta) - excessively; आचरितां (ācaritām) - practiced; वृत्तिं (vṛttim) - conduct; क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kṣatriya; न (na) - not; अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows; जितानाम् (jitānām) - of the conquered; अजितानाम् (ajitānām) - of the unconquered; च (ca) - and; क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - from the duty of a Kṣatriya; अपैति (apaiti) - departs; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Who does not follow the conduct excessively practiced, a Kṣatriya, of the conquered and unconquered, and departs from the duty of a Kṣatriya, he.)
He who, as a Kṣatriya, does not follow the conduct excessively practiced by both the conquered and unconquered, and departs from the duty of a Kṣatriya, is such.
द्विषन्तं कृतकर्माणं गृहीत्वा नृपती रणे। यो न मानयते द्वेषात्क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-६॥
dviṣantaṃ kṛtakarmāṇaṃ gṛhītvā nṛpatī raṇe। yo na mānayate dveṣātkṣatradharmādapaiti saḥ ॥12-94-6॥
[द्विषन्तं (dviṣantam) - hating; कृतकर्माणं (kṛtakarmāṇam) - one who has performed his duty; गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having seized; नृपती (nṛpatī) - kings; रणे (raṇe) - in battle; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; मानयते (mānayate) - honors; द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - out of hatred; क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - from the duty of a warrior; अपैति (apaiti) - departs; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(Having seized the hating one who has performed his duty, the kings in battle—he who does not honor (him) out of hatred departs from the duty of a warrior.)
In battle, if a king, out of hatred, does not honor an enemy who has fulfilled his duty, then he departs from the true path of a warrior.
शक्तः स्यात्सुमुखो राजा कुर्यात्कारुण्यमापदि। प्रियो भवति भूतानां न च विभ्रश्यते श्रियः ॥१२-९४-७॥
śaktaḥ syātsumukho rājā kuryātkāruṇyamāpadi। priyo bhavati bhūtānāṃ na ca vibhrāśyate śriyaḥ ॥12-94-7॥
[शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; सुमुखः (sumukhaḥ) - of pleasant face; राजा (rājā) - king; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; कारुण्यम् (kāruṇyam) - compassion; आपदि (āpadi) - in adversity; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - to beings; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; विभ्रश्यते (vibhrāśyate) - is lost; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - prosperity;]
(Capable should be, of pleasant face, the king; should do compassion in adversity. Dear becomes to beings, and not is lost prosperity.)
A capable and pleasant-faced king should show compassion in adversity. He becomes dear to all beings, and his prosperity is never lost.
अप्रियं यस्य कुर्वीत भूयस्तस्य प्रियं चरेत्। नचिरेण प्रियः स स्याद्योऽप्रियः प्रियमाचरेत् ॥१२-९४-८॥
apriyaṃ yasya kurvīta bhūyas tasya priyaṃ caret। nacireṇa priyaḥ sa syād yo'priyaḥ priyam ācaret ॥12-94-8॥
[अप्रियं (apriyam) - unpleasant; undesirable; यस्य (yasya) - of whom; whose; कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should do; might perform; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; further; more; तस्य (tasya) - to him; for him; प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant; agreeable; चरेत् (caret) - should act; should behave; नचिरेण (nacireṇa) - not after long; soon; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; beloved; सः (saḥ) - he; स्यात् (syāt) - would become; यः (yaḥ) - who; अप्रियः (apriyaḥ) - unpleasant; disagreeable; प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant; agreeable; आचरेत् (ācaret) - should do; should perform;]
(He who does what is unpleasant to someone should then do what is pleasant to him more; not after long, he who was unpleasant would become dear if he does what is pleasant.)
If someone has done something unpleasant to another, he should then do more of what is pleasant for that person; soon, the one who was disliked will become dear if he acts in a pleasing way.
मृषावादं परिहरेत्कुर्यात्प्रियमयाचितः। न च कामान्न संरम्भान्न द्वेषाद्धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥१२-९४-९॥
mṛṣāvādaṃ pariharet kuryāt priyam ayācitaḥ। na ca kāmān na saṃrambhān na dveṣāt dharmam utsṛjet ॥12-94-9॥
[मृषावादम् (mṛṣāvādam) - false statement; परिहरेत् (pariharet) - should avoid; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing; अयाचितः (ayācitaḥ) - when not asked; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; कामान् (kāmān) - desires; न (na) - not; संरम्भान् (saṃrambhān) - anger; न (na) - not; द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred; धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma; उत्सृजेत् (utsṛjet) - should abandon;]
(One should avoid false statements; one should do what is pleasing when not asked; and one should not abandon dharma for desires, anger, or from hatred.)
One should avoid speaking falsehoods, act kindly even when not requested, and never abandon righteousness for the sake of desire, anger, or hatred.
नापत्रपेत प्रश्नेषु नाभिभव्यां गिरं सृजेत्। न त्वरेत न चासूयेत्तथा सङ्गृह्यते परः ॥१२-९४-१०॥
nāpatrapeta praśneṣu nābhibhavyāṃ giraṃ sṛjet| na tvaret na cāsūyettathā saṅgṛhyate paraḥ ॥12-94-10॥
[न (na) - not; अपत्रपेत (apatrapeta) - should feel shame; प्रश्नेषु (praśneṣu) - in questions; न (na) - not; अभिभव्याम् (abhibhavyām) - overpowering; गिरम् (giram) - speech; सृजेत् (sṛjet) - should utter; न (na) - not; त्वरेत् (tvaret) - should hurry; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; असूयेत् (asūyet) - should envy; तथा (tathā) - thus; सङ्गृह्यते (saṅgṛhyate) - is respected; परः (paraḥ) - another;]
(One should not feel shame in questions, should not utter overpowering speech, should not hurry, nor envy; thus, another is respected.)
One should not be ashamed when questioned, should not speak arrogantly, should not be hasty, nor harbor envy; in this way, one earns the respect of others.
प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येदप्रिये न च सञ्ज्वरेत्। न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु प्रजाहितमनुस्मरन् ॥१२-९४-११॥
priye nātibhṛśaṃ hṛṣyedapriye na ca sañjvaret। na muhyedarthakṛcchreṣu prajāhitamanusmaran ॥12-94-11॥
[प्रिये (priye) - in what is dear; न (na) - not; अतिभृशम् (atibhṛśam) - excessively; हृष्येत् (hṛṣyet) - should rejoice; अप्रिये (apriye) - in what is not dear; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सञ्ज्वरेत् (sañjvaret) - should be distressed; न (na) - not; मुह्येत् (muhyet) - should be deluded; अर्थकृच्छ्रेषु (arthakṛcchreṣu) - in difficulties concerning wealth; प्रजाहितम् (prajāhitam) - the welfare of the people; अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - constantly remembering;]
(In what is dear, one should not rejoice excessively; in what is not dear, nor should one be distressed; nor should one be deluded in difficulties concerning wealth, constantly remembering the welfare of the people.)
One should not be overly elated by what is pleasing, nor distressed by what is unpleasant; nor should one lose composure in financial difficulties, always keeping in mind the welfare of the people.
यः प्रियं कुरुते नित्यं गुणतो वसुधाधिपः। तस्य कर्माणि सिध्यन्ति न च सन्त्यज्यते श्रिया ॥१२-९४-१२॥
yaḥ priyaṃ kurute nityaṃ guṇato vasudhādhipaḥ। tasya karmāṇi sidhyanti na ca santyajyate śriyā ॥12-94-12॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; प्रियं (priyaṃ) - dear; कुरुते (kurute) - does; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - by virtue; वसुधाधिपः (vasudhādhipaḥ) - king of the earth; तस्य (tasya) - his; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; सिध्यन्ति (sidhyanti) - are accomplished; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; सन्त्यज्यते (santyajyate) - is abandoned; श्रिया (śriyā) - by prosperity;]
(Who always does what is dear by virtue, the king of the earth—his actions are accomplished and he is not abandoned by prosperity.)
The king who always acts virtuously and does what is dear, his actions succeed and he is never forsaken by prosperity.
निवृत्तं प्रतिकूलेभ्यो वर्तमानमनुप्रिये। भक्तं भजेत नृपतिस्तद्वै वृत्तं सतामिह ॥१२-९४-१३॥
nivṛttaṃ pratikūlebhyo vartamānam anupriye। bhaktaṃ bhajeta nṛpatistad vai vṛttaṃ satāmiha ॥12-94-13॥
[निवृत्तं (nivṛttam) - withdrawn; प्रतिकूलेभ्यः (pratikūlebhyaḥ) - from those who are hostile; वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - remaining; अनुप्रिये (anupriye) - towards the agreeable; भक्तं (bhaktam) - devoted; भजेत् (bhajet) - should associate; नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king; तत् (tat) - that; वै (vai) - indeed; वृत्तं (vṛttam) - conduct; सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous; इह (iha) - here;]
(Withdrawn from those who are hostile, remaining towards the agreeable, devoted, the king should associate; that indeed is the conduct of the virtuous here.)
A king should withdraw from the hostile, remain with the agreeable, and associate with the devoted; this is indeed the conduct of the virtuous in this world.
अप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियं प्राज्ञमत्यन्तानुगतं शुचिम्। शक्तं चैवानुरक्तं च युञ्ज्यान्महति कर्मणि ॥१२-९४-१४॥
aprakīrṇendriyaṃ prājñamatyantānugataṃ śucim। śaktaṃ caivānuraktaṃ ca yuñjyānmahati karmaṇi ॥12-94-14॥
[अप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियं (aprakīrṇendriyam) - not-scattered-senses; प्राज्ञम् (prājñam) - wise; अत्यन्तानुगतम् (atyantānugatam) - completely-followed; शुचिम् (śucim) - pure; शक्तम् (śaktam) - capable; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; अनुरक्तम् (anuraktam) - devoted; च (ca) - and; युञ्ज्यात् (yuñjyāt) - should-engage; महति (mahati) - great; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in-action;]
(One whose senses are not scattered, who is wise, completely devoted, pure, capable, and indeed devoted, should be engaged in great action.)
One should engage in great tasks only a person whose senses are controlled, who is wise, thoroughly devoted, pure, capable, and truly dedicated.
एवमेव गुणैर्युक्तो यो न रज्यति भूमिपम्। भर्तुरर्थेष्वसूयन्तं न तं युञ्जीत कर्मणि ॥१२-९४-१५॥
evameva guṇairyukto yo na rajyati bhūmipam। bharturartheṣvasūyantaṃ na taṃ yuñjīta karmaṇi ॥12-94-15॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - with qualities; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; रज्यति (rajyati) - is attached; भूमिपम् (bhūmipam) - to the king; भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master; अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - in matters; असूयन्तम् (asūyantam) - envying; न (na) - not; तम् (tam) - him; युञ्जीत (yuñjīta) - should engage; कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in work;]
(Thus indeed, endowed with qualities, who is not attached to the king, who does not envy the master in matters, him one should not engage in work.)
One who is thus endowed with virtues, not attached to the king, and does not envy the master in matters, should not be engaged in work.
मूढमैन्द्रियकं लुब्धमनार्यचरितं शठम्। अनतीतोपधं हिंस्रं दुर्बुद्धिमबहुश्रुतम् ॥१२-९४-१६॥
mūḍhamāindriyakaṃ lubdhamanāryacaritam śaṭham। anatītopadhaṃ hiṃsraṃ durbuddhimabahushrutam ॥12-94-16॥
[मूढम् (mūḍham) - deluded; ऐन्द्रियकं (aindriyakaṃ) - sensual; लुब्धम् (lubdham) - greedy; अनार्यचरितम् (anāryacaritam) - of ignoble conduct; शठम् (śaṭham) - deceitful; अनतीतोपधम् (anatītopadham) - not free from deceit; हिंस्रं (hiṃsraṃ) - violent; दुर्बुद्धिम् (durbuddhim) - of evil intellect; अबहुश्रुतम् (abahushrutam) - not much learned;]
(Deluded, sensual, greedy, of ignoble conduct, deceitful, not free from deceit, violent, of evil intellect, not much learned.)
Deluded, sensual, greedy, ignoble in conduct, deceitful, ever scheming, violent, of evil intellect, and lacking in learning.
त्यक्तोपात्तं मद्यरतं द्यूतस्त्रीमृगयापरम्। कार्ये महति यो युञ्ज्याद्धीयते स नृपः श्रियः ॥१२-९४-१७॥
tyaktopāttaṃ madyarataṃ dyūtastrīmṛgayāparam। kārye mahati yo yuñjyāddhīyate sa nṛpaḥ śriyaḥ॥12-94-17॥
[त्यक्त (tyakta) - abandoned; उपात्तं (upāttam) - taken up; मद्यरतं (madyarataṃ) - addicted to liquor; द्यूत (dyūta) - gambling; स्त्री (strī) - women; मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting; परम् (param) - engaged in; कार्ये (kārye) - in duty; महति (mahati) - great; यः (yaḥ) - who; युञ्ज्यात् (yuñjyāt) - should engage; धीयते (dhīyate) - is considered; स (sa) - he; नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king; श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity;]
(He who has abandoned and taken up addiction to liquor, gambling, women, and hunting, and who should engage in great duty, he is considered a king of prosperity.)
A king who has given up addiction to liquor, gambling, women, and hunting, and who applies himself to great duties, is regarded as a king who brings prosperity.
रक्षितात्मा तु यो राजा रक्ष्यान्यश्चानुरक्षति। प्रजाश्च तस्य वर्धन्ते ध्रुवं च महदश्नुते ॥१२-९४-१८॥
rakṣitātmā tu yo rājā rakṣyānyaścānurakṣati। prajāśca tasya vardhante dhruvaṃ ca mahadaśnute ॥12-94-18॥
[रक्षितात्मा (rakṣitātmā) - one whose self is protected; तु (tu) - but; यः (yaḥ) - who; राजा (rājā) - king; रक्ष्यानि (rakṣyāni) - those to be protected; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; अनुरक्षति (anurakṣati) - protects accordingly; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; च (ca) - and; तस्य (tasya) - his; वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - grow; ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly; च (ca) - and; महत् (mahat) - great; अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains;]
(But the king whose self is protected and who accordingly protects those to be protected—his subjects grow, and he certainly attains greatness.)
But the king who has self-control and protects those who should be protected—his subjects prosper, and he surely attains great success.
ये केचिद्भूमिपतयस्तान्सर्वानन्ववेक्षयेत्। सुहृद्भिरनभिख्यातैस्तेन राजा न रिष्यते ॥१२-९४-१९॥
ye kecid bhūmipatayas tān sarvān anvavekṣayet। suhṛdbhir anabhikhyātais tena rājā na riṣyate॥12-94-19॥
[ये (ye) - whoever; केचित् (kecit) - some; भूमिपतयः (bhūmipatayaḥ) - kings; तान् (tān) - them; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; अन्ववेक्षयेत् (anvavekṣayet) - should observe; सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends; अनभिख्यातैः (anabhikhyātaiḥ) - not well-known; तेन (tena) - by him; राजा (rājā) - king; न (na) - not; रिष्यते (riṣyate) - is harmed;]
(Whoever kings there are, all of them he should observe; by friends not well-known, by him the king is not harmed.)
A king should observe all other kings, whoever they may be, through friends who are not well-known; by doing so, the king will not be harmed.
अपकृत्य बलस्थस्य दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत्। श्येनानुचरितैर्ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥१२-९४-२०॥
apakṛtya balasthasya dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset। śyenānucaritaiḥ hyete nipatanti pramādyataḥ ॥12-94-20॥
[अपकृत्य (apakṛtya) - having done harm; बलस्थस्य (balasthasya) - of one who is in a position of strength; दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - one who is at a distance; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; इति (iti) - thus; न (na) - not; आश्वसेत् (āśvaset) - should become confident; श्येन (śyena) - hawk; अनुचरितैः (anucaritaiḥ) - by the movements; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; निपतन्ति (nipatanti) - fall down; प्रमाद्यतः (pramādyataḥ) - of one who is careless;]
(Having done harm to one who is in a position of strength, one who is at a distance should not become confident thinking 'I am (safe)'; for these (enemies), like hawks, indeed fall upon the careless by their movements.)
After harming a powerful person, one who is far away should not feel secure thinking 'I am safe'; for, like hawks, these (enemies) indeed swoop down upon the careless by their actions.
दृढमूलस्त्वदुष्टात्मा विदित्वा बलमात्मनः। अबलानभियुञ्जीत न तु ये बलवत्तराः ॥१२-९४-२१॥
dṛḍhamūlastvaduṣṭātmā viditvā balamātmanaḥ। abalānabhiyuñjīta na tu ye balavattarāḥ ॥12-94-21॥
[दृढमूलः (dṛḍhamūlaḥ) - firm-rooted; त्वदुष्टात्मा (tvaduṣṭātmā) - one with a wicked mind; विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known; बलम् (balam) - strength; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; अबलान् (abalān) - the weak; अभियुञ्जीत (abhiyuñjīta) - should attack; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; ये (ye) - those who; बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - are stronger;]
(Firm-rooted, one with a wicked mind, having known the strength of oneself, should attack the weak, but not those who are stronger.)
A person who is firmly established and wicked, knowing his own strength, should attack only the weak and not those who are stronger.
विक्रमेण महीं लब्ध्वा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन्। आहवे निधनं कुर्याद्राजा धर्मपरायणः ॥१२-९४-२२॥
vikrameṇa mahīṃ labdhvā prajā dharmeṇa pālayan। āhave nidhanaṃ kuryādrājā dharmaparāyaṇaḥ ॥12-94-22॥
[विक्रमेण (vikrameṇa) - by valor; महीं (mahīṃ) - the earth; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; प्रजा (prajā) - subjects; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness; पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting; आहवे (āhave) - in battle; निधनं (nidhanaṃ) - death; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do; राजा (rājā) - the king; धर्मपरायणः (dharmaparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to righteousness;]
(Having obtained the earth by valor, protecting the subjects by righteousness, in battle, the king devoted to righteousness should meet death.)
A king who has gained the earth through valor and protects his subjects with righteousness should, if necessary, meet his end in battle, being ever devoted to righteousness.
मरणान्तमिदं सर्वं नेह किञ्चिदनामयम्। तस्माद्धर्मे स्थितो राजा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयेत् ॥१२-९४-२३॥
maraṇāntam idaṃ sarvaṃ neha kiñcid anāmayam। tasmād dharme sthito rājā prajā dharmeṇa pālayet ॥12-94-23॥
[मरण-अन्तम् (maraṇa-antam) - ending in death; इदं (idaṃ) - this; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; न (na) - not; इह (iha) - here; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; अनामयम् (anāmayam) - free from affliction; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - established; राजा (rājā) - king; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects; धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma; पालयेत् (pālayet) - should protect;]
(All this ends in death; here, there is nothing free from affliction. Therefore, the king established in dharma should protect the subjects by dharma.)
Everything here ends in death; nothing here is free from affliction. Therefore, a king established in righteousness should protect his subjects through righteousness.
रक्षाधिकरणं युद्धं तथा धर्मानुशासनम्। मन्त्रचिन्त्यं सुखं काले पञ्चभिर्वर्धते मही ॥१२-९४-२४॥
rakṣādhikaraṇaṃ yuddhaṃ tathā dharmānuśāsanam। mantracintyaṃ sukhaṃ kāle pañcabhir vardhate mahī ॥12-94-24॥
[रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection; अधिकारणं (adhikaraṇam) - subject; युद्धं (yuddham) - war; तथा (tathā) - and; धर्म (dharma) - righteousness; अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - instruction; मन्त्र (mantra) - counsel; चिन्त्यं (cintyam) - to be considered; सुखं (sukham) - happiness; काले (kāle) - in time; पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five; वर्धते (vardhate) - grows; मही (mahī) - the earth;]
(Protection, subject, war, and instruction in righteousness; counsel to be considered, happiness, in time, by five, the earth grows.)
The earth prospers in time through five things: protection, administration, war, instruction in righteousness, and well-considered counsel, bringing happiness.
एतानि यस्य गुप्तानि स राजा राजसत्तम। सततं वर्तमानोऽत्र राजा भुङ्क्ते महीमिमाम् ॥१२-९४-२५॥
etāni yasya guptāni sa rājā rājasattama। satataṃ vartamāno'tra rājā bhuṅkte mahīmimām ॥12-94-25॥
[एतानि (etāni) - these; (plural, neuter) यस्य (yasya) - whose; गुप्तानि (guptāni) - protected; (plural, neuter) सः (saḥ) - he; राजा (rājā) - king; राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - best among kings; सततम् (satatam) - always; वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - abiding; being; अत्र (atra) - here; राजा (rājā) - king; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; partakes; महीम् (mahīm) - earth; इमाम् (imām) - this; (feminine accusative singular);]
(He whose these are protected, that king, best among kings, always abiding here, the king enjoys this earth.)
The king, O best among kings, whose these (principles) are protected, always abiding here, enjoys this earth.
नैतान्येकेन शक्यानि सातत्येनान्ववेक्षितुम्। एतेष्वाप्तान्प्रतिष्ठाप्य राजा भुङ्क्ते महीं चिरम् ॥१२-९४-२६॥
naitānyekena śakyāni sātatyenānvavekṣitum। eteṣvāptānpratiṣṭhāpya rājā bhuṅkte mahīṃ ciram ॥12-94-26॥
[न (na) - not; एतानि (etāni) - these; एकेन (ekena) - by one; शक्यानि (śakyāni) - possible; सातत्येन (sātatyena) - continuously; अन्ववेक्षितुम् (anvavekṣitum) - to observe; एतेषु (eteṣu) - among these; आप्तान् (āptān) - trusted; प्रतिष्ठाप्य (pratiṣṭhāpya) - having established; राजा (rājā) - the king; भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys; महीम् (mahīm) - the earth; चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time;]
(Not these by one possible continuously to observe. Among these trusted having established the king enjoys the earth for a long time.)
It is not possible for one person alone to continuously observe all these matters. By appointing trustworthy persons among them, the king enjoys his kingdom for a long time.
दातारं संविभक्तारं मार्दवोपगतं शुचिम्। असन्त्यक्तमनुष्यं च तं जनाः कुर्वते प्रियम् ॥१२-९४-२७॥
dātāraṃ saṃvibhaktāraṃ mārdavopagataṃ śucim। asantyaktamanuṣyaṃ ca taṃ janāḥ kurvate priyam ॥12-94-27॥
[दातारम् (dātāram) - giver; संविभक्तारम् (saṃvibhaktāram) - one who shares; मार्दवोपगतम् (mārdavopagatam) - endowed with gentleness; शुचिम् (śucim) - pure; असन्त्यक्तमनुष्यं (asantyaktamanuṣyam) - a person not abandoned by the good; च (ca) - and; तम् (tam) - him; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; कुर्वते (kurvate) - make; प्रियम् (priyam) - dear;]
(Giver, one who shares, endowed with gentleness, pure, a person not abandoned by the good, and him people make dear.)
People make dear the one who is a giver, who shares, who is endowed with gentleness, who is pure, and who is not abandoned by the good.
यस्तु निःश्रेयसं ज्ञात्वा ज्ञानं तत्प्रतिपद्यते। आत्मनो मतमुत्सृज्य तं लोकोऽनुविधीयते ॥१२-९४-२८॥
yastu niḥśreyasaṃ jñātvā jñānaṃ tatpratipadyate। ātmano matamutsṛjya taṃ loko'nuvidhīyate ॥12-94-28॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; तु (tu) - but; निःश्रेयसं (niḥśreyasaṃ) - supreme good; ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known; ज्ञानं (jñānam) - knowledge; तत् (tat) - that; प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains; आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself; मतम् (matam) - opinion; उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; तम् (tam) - him; लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world; अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - follows;]
(But he who, having known the supreme good, attains that knowledge, having abandoned his own opinion, him the world follows.)
But the one who, having realized the supreme good, attains that knowledge and abandons his own opinion, is followed by the world.
योऽर्थकामस्य वचनं प्रातिकूल्यान्न मृष्यते। शृणोति प्रतिकूलानि विमना नचिरादिव ॥१२-९४-२९॥
yo'rthakāmasya vacanaṃ prātikūlyānna mṛṣyate| śṛṇoti pratikūlāni vimanā nacirādiva ॥12-94-29॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; अर्थकामस्य (arthakāmasya) - of one desiring wealth; वचनम् (vacanam) - speech; प्रातिकूल्यात् (prātikūlyāt) - due to opposition; न (na) - not; मृष्यते (mṛṣyate) - endures; शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - hears; प्रतिकूलानि (pratikūlāni) - contrary things; विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - dispirited; नचिरात् (nacirāt) - not for long; इव (iva) - as if;]
(Who, of one desiring wealth, the speech, due to opposition, does not endure; hears contrary things, dispirited, not for long, as if.)
He who, being desirous of wealth, cannot endure words of opposition, and who, dispirited, hears contrary things, does not remain so for long, as if.
अग्राम्यचरितां बुद्धिमत्यन्तं यो न बुध्यते। जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-३०॥
agrāmyacaritāṃ buddhim atyantaṃ yo na budhyate। jitānām ajitānāṃ ca kṣatradharmād apaiti saḥ ॥12-94-30॥
[अग्राम्यचरिताम् (agrāmyacaritām) - of unworthy conduct; बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect; अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - completely; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands; जितानाम् (jitānām) - of the conquered; अजितानाम् (ajitānām) - of the unconquered; च (ca) - and; क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - from the duty of a warrior; अपैति (apaiti) - departs; सः (saḥ) - he;]
(He who does not completely understand the intellect of those of unworthy conduct, of the conquered and unconquered, and departs from the duty of a warrior, he (is thus).)
He who fails to fully discern the mind of those of unworthy conduct, whether conquered or unconquered, and abandons the duty of a warrior, is such a person.
मुख्यानमात्यान्यो हित्वा निहीनान्कुरुते प्रियान्। स वै व्यसनमासाद्य गाधमार्तो न विन्दति ॥१२-९४-३१॥
mukhyānamātyān yo hitvā nihīnān kurute priyān। sa vai vyasanam āsādya gādham ārto na vindati॥12-94-31॥
[मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief; important; distinguished; अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers; counselors; यः (yaḥ) - who; हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; after leaving; निहीनान् (nihīnān) - inferior; low; base; कुरुते (kurute) - makes; chooses; does; प्रियान् (priyān) - dear; pleasing; beloved; सः (saḥ) - he; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune; calamity; adversity; आसाद्य (āsādya) - having attained; after reaching; गाधम् (gādham) - deep; profound; आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted; distressed; न (na) - not; विन्दति (vindati) - finds; obtains;]
(Who, having abandoned chief ministers, chooses inferior ones as dear, he indeed, having attained deep misfortune, afflicted, does not find (a way out).)
He who abandons his chief ministers and chooses inferior ones as favorites, when he is afflicted by deep misfortune, truly finds no remedy.
यः कल्याणगुणाञ्ज्ञातीन्द्वेषान्नैवाभिमन्यते। अदृढात्मा दृढक्रोधो नास्यार्थो रमतेऽन्तिके ॥१२-९४-३२॥
yaḥ kalyāṇaguṇāñ jñātīndveṣān naivābhimanyate। adṛḍhātmā dṛḍhakrodho nāsyārtho ramate'ntike ॥12-94-32॥
[यः (yaḥ) - who; कल्याणगुणान् (kalyāṇaguṇān) - auspicious qualities; ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - kinsmen; द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अभिमन्यते (abhimanyate) - considers; अदृढात्मा (adṛḍhātmā) - whose self is unsteady; दृढक्रोधः (dṛḍhakrodhaḥ) - firm in anger; न (na) - not; अस्य (asya) - his; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose; रमते (ramate) - dwells; अन्तिके (antike) - near;]
(Who does not consider auspicious qualities or kinsmen out of hatred, whose self is unsteady, who is firm in anger—his purpose does not dwell near.)
One who, out of hatred, does not recognize auspicious qualities or his own kinsmen, whose mind is unsteady and who is steadfast in anger, will never have his purpose fulfilled.
अथ यो गुणसम्पन्नान्हृदयस्याप्रियानपि। प्रियेण कुरुते वश्यांश्चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥१२-९४-३३॥
atha yo guṇasampannān hṛdayasyāpriyān api। priyeṇa kurute vaśyāṃś ciraṃ yaśasi tiṣṭhati ॥12-94-33॥
[अथ (atha) - now; यः (yaḥ) - who; गुणसम्पन्नान् (guṇasampannān) - endowed with virtues; हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) - of the heart; अप्रियान् (apriyān) - unpleasant; अपि (api) - even; प्रियेण (priyeṇa) - by the beloved; कुरुते (kurute) - does; वश्यान् (vaśyān) - those who are controlled; चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time; यशसि (yaśasi) - in fame; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains;]
(Now, he who, even the unpleasant ones endowed with virtues of the heart, by the beloved, does (makes) those who are controlled, remains for a long time in fame.)
Now, he who, by means of the beloved, brings even those unpleasant to the heart but endowed with virtues under control, remains famous for a long time.
नाकाले प्रणयेदर्थान्नाप्रिये जातु सञ्ज्वरेत्। प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येद्युज्येतारोग्यकर्मणि ॥१२-९४-३४॥
nākāle praṇayedarthānnāpriye jātu sañjvaret | priye nātibhṛśaṃ hṛṣyedyujyetārogyakarmaṇi ||12-94-34||
[नाकाले (nākāle) - not at the wrong time; प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - should undertake; अर्थान् (arthān) - matters; न (na) - not; अप्रिये (apriye) - in unpleasant (circumstances); जातु (jātu) - ever; सञ्ज्वरेत् (sañjvaret) - should be agitated; प्रिये (priye) - in pleasant (circumstances); न (na) - not; अतिभृशम् (atibhṛśam) - excessively; हृष्येत् (hṛṣyet) - should rejoice; युज्येत (yujyeta) - should engage; अारोग्यकर्मणि (ārogyakarmaṇi) - in actions conducive to health;]
(Not at the wrong time should undertake matters, not in unpleasant (circumstances) ever should be agitated; in pleasant (circumstances) not excessively should rejoice, should engage in actions conducive to health.)
One should not undertake matters at the wrong time, nor ever be agitated in unpleasant situations; in pleasant situations, one should not rejoice excessively, and should engage in actions conducive to health.
के मानुरक्ता राजानः के भयात्समुपाश्रिताः। मध्यस्थदोषाः के चैषामिति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत् ॥१२-९४-३५॥
ke mānuraktā rājānaḥ ke bhayātsamupāśritāḥ। madhyasthadoṣāḥ ke caiṣāmiti nityaṃ vicintayet ॥12-94-35॥
[के (ke) - who; मानुरक्ता (mānuraktā) - affectionate towards men; राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings; के (ke) - who; भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear; समुपाश्रिताः (samupāśritāḥ) - taken refuge; मध्यस्थदोषाः (madhyasthadoṣāḥ) - having faults of neutrality; के (ke) - who; च (ca) - and; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; इति (iti) - thus; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; विचिन्तयेत् (vicintayet) - should consider;]
(Who are the kings affectionate towards men? Who have taken refuge out of fear? Who among them have faults of neutrality? Thus, one should always consider.)
One should always consider: Which kings are affectionate towards people, which have sought refuge out of fear, and which among them have faults of neutrality.
न जातु बलवान्भूत्वा दुर्बले विश्वसेत्क्वचित्। भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥१२-९४-३६॥
na jātu balavān bhūtvā durbale viśvaset kvacit। bhāruṇḍa-sadṛśā hyete nipatanti pramādyataḥ ॥12-94-36॥
[न (na) - not; जातु (jātu) - ever; बलवान् (balavān) - strong; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; दुर्बले (durbale) - in the weak; विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust; क्वचित् (kvacit) - at any time; भारुण्डसदृशाः (bhāruṇḍa-sadṛśāḥ) - like Bhāruṇḍa birds; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; निपतन्ति (nipatanti) - fall; प्रमाद्यतः (pramādyataḥ) - from heedlessness;]
(Not ever should the strong, having become so, trust in the weak at any time. Like Bhāruṇḍa birds indeed, these fall from heedlessness.)
One who is strong should never trust the weak, for, like the Bhāruṇḍa birds, they fall due to carelessness.
अपि सर्वैर्गुणैर्युक्तं भर्तारं प्रियवादिनम्। अभिद्रुह्यति पापात्मा तस्माद्धि विभिषेज्जनात् ॥१२-९४-३७॥
api sarvair guṇair yuktaṃ bhartāraṃ priyavādinam। abhidruhyati pāpātmā tasmād dhi vibhīṣej janāt ॥12-94-37॥
[अपि (api) - even; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - qualities; युक्तं (yuktaṃ) - endowed; भर्तारं (bhartāram) - husband; प्रियवादिनम् (priyavādinam) - who speaks pleasantly; अभिद्रुह्यति (abhidruhyati) - harms; पापात्मा (pāpātmā) - wicked soul; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; हि (hi) - indeed; विभिषेत् (vibhīṣet) - should fear; जनात् (janāt) - from such a person;]
(Even a wicked soul harms a husband endowed with all qualities and who speaks pleasantly; therefore, indeed, one should fear such a person;)
Even a wicked person may harm a husband who possesses every virtue and speaks kindly; therefore, one should indeed be wary of such people.
एतां राजोपनिषदं ययातिः स्माह नाहुषः। मनुष्यविजये युक्तो हन्ति शत्रूननुत्तमान् ॥१२-९४-३८॥
etāṃ rājopaniṣadaṃ yayātiḥ smāha nāhuṣaḥ। manuṣyavijaye yukto hanti śatrūnanuttamān ॥12-94-38॥
[एताम् (etām) - this; (feminine accusative singular) राज-उपनिषदं (rāja-upaniṣadam) - royal-upaniṣad; (secret royal teaching; accusative singular) ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati; (proper noun, subject) स्म (sma) - indeed; (emphatic particle) आह (āha) - said; (3rd person singular perfect) नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Nahusha; (proper noun, subject) मनुष्य-विजये (manuṣya-vijaye) - in human victory; (locative singular) युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged; (nominative singular masculine) हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; (3rd person singular present) शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; (accusative plural) अनुत्तमान् (anuttamān) - unsurpassed; (accusative plural masculine);]
(This royal upaniṣad Yayati indeed said, Nahusha. Engaged in human victory, he destroys unsurpassed enemies.)
Yayati, the son of Nahusha, indeed spoke this royal upaniṣad. One who is engaged in the conquest of men destroys even the unsurpassed enemies.
