12.094
वामदेव उवाच॥
Vāmadeva said.
यत्राधर्मं प्रणयते दुर्बले बलवत्तरः। तां वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति ये भवन्ति तदन्वयाः ॥१२-९४-१॥
Wherever the strong oppress the weak with unrighteousness, their descendants continue to follow that way of life.
राजानमनुवर्तन्ते तं पापाभिप्रवर्तकम्। अविनीतमनुष्यं तत्क्षिप्रं राष्ट्रं विनश्यति ॥१२-९४-२॥
People follow the king, even if he leads them to evil. The kingdom ruled by an undisciplined person quickly perishes.
यद्वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति प्रकृतिस्थस्य मानवाः। तदेव विषमस्थस्य स्वजनोऽपि न मृष्यते ॥१२-९४-३॥
The means of livelihood that people accept from one who is in a normal state, the same, when from one in adversity, even his own people do not tolerate.
साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र कुरुते किञ्चिदुल्बणम्। अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥१२-९४-४॥
Where a king acts rashly and violently, disregarding the guidance of the śāstra, he quickly perishes.
योऽत्यन्ताचरितां वृत्तिं क्षत्रियो नानुवर्तते। जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-५॥
He who, as a Kṣatriya, does not follow the conduct excessively practiced by both the conquered and unconquered, and departs from the duty of a Kṣatriya, is such.
द्विषन्तं कृतकर्माणं गृहीत्वा नृपती रणे। यो न मानयते द्वेषात्क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-६॥
In battle, if a king, out of hatred, does not honor an enemy who has fulfilled his duty, then he departs from the true path of a warrior.
शक्तः स्यात्सुमुखो राजा कुर्यात्कारुण्यमापदि। प्रियो भवति भूतानां न च विभ्रश्यते श्रियः ॥१२-९४-७॥
A capable and pleasant-faced king should show compassion in adversity. He becomes dear to all beings, and his prosperity is never lost.
अप्रियं यस्य कुर्वीत भूयस्तस्य प्रियं चरेत्। नचिरेण प्रियः स स्याद्योऽप्रियः प्रियमाचरेत् ॥१२-९४-८॥
If someone has done something unpleasant to another, he should then do more of what is pleasant for that person; soon, the one who was disliked will become dear if he acts in a pleasing way.
मृषावादं परिहरेत्कुर्यात्प्रियमयाचितः। न च कामान्न संरम्भान्न द्वेषाद्धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥१२-९४-९॥
One should avoid speaking falsehoods, act kindly even when not requested, and never abandon righteousness for the sake of desire, anger, or hatred.
नापत्रपेत प्रश्नेषु नाभिभव्यां गिरं सृजेत्। न त्वरेत न चासूयेत्तथा सङ्गृह्यते परः ॥१२-९४-१०॥
One should not be ashamed when questioned, should not speak arrogantly, should not be hasty, nor harbor envy; in this way, one earns the respect of others.
प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येदप्रिये न च सञ्ज्वरेत्। न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु प्रजाहितमनुस्मरन् ॥१२-९४-११॥
One should not be overly elated by what is pleasing, nor distressed by what is unpleasant; nor should one lose composure in financial difficulties, always keeping in mind the welfare of the people.
यः प्रियं कुरुते नित्यं गुणतो वसुधाधिपः। तस्य कर्माणि सिध्यन्ति न च सन्त्यज्यते श्रिया ॥१२-९४-१२॥
The king who always acts virtuously and does what is dear, his actions succeed and he is never forsaken by prosperity.
निवृत्तं प्रतिकूलेभ्यो वर्तमानमनुप्रिये। भक्तं भजेत नृपतिस्तद्वै वृत्तं सतामिह ॥१२-९४-१३॥
A king should withdraw from the hostile, remain with the agreeable, and associate with the devoted; this is indeed the conduct of the virtuous in this world.
अप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियं प्राज्ञमत्यन्तानुगतं शुचिम्। शक्तं चैवानुरक्तं च युञ्ज्यान्महति कर्मणि ॥१२-९४-१४॥
One should engage in great tasks only a person whose senses are controlled, who is wise, thoroughly devoted, pure, capable, and truly dedicated.
एवमेव गुणैर्युक्तो यो न रज्यति भूमिपम्। भर्तुरर्थेष्वसूयन्तं न तं युञ्जीत कर्मणि ॥१२-९४-१५॥
One who is thus endowed with virtues, not attached to the king, and does not envy the master in matters, should not be engaged in work.
मूढमैन्द्रियकं लुब्धमनार्यचरितं शठम्। अनतीतोपधं हिंस्रं दुर्बुद्धिमबहुश्रुतम् ॥१२-९४-१६॥
Deluded, sensual, greedy, ignoble in conduct, deceitful, ever scheming, violent, of evil intellect, and lacking in learning.
त्यक्तोपात्तं मद्यरतं द्यूतस्त्रीमृगयापरम्। कार्ये महति यो युञ्ज्याद्धीयते स नृपः श्रियः ॥१२-९४-१७॥
A king who has given up addiction to liquor, gambling, women, and hunting, and who applies himself to great duties, is regarded as a king who brings prosperity.
रक्षितात्मा तु यो राजा रक्ष्यान्यश्चानुरक्षति। प्रजाश्च तस्य वर्धन्ते ध्रुवं च महदश्नुते ॥१२-९४-१८॥
But the king who has self-control and protects those who should be protected—his subjects prosper, and he surely attains great success.
ये केचिद्भूमिपतयस्तान्सर्वानन्ववेक्षयेत्। सुहृद्भिरनभिख्यातैस्तेन राजा न रिष्यते ॥१२-९४-१९॥
A king should observe all other kings, whoever they may be, through friends who are not well-known; by doing so, the king will not be harmed.
अपकृत्य बलस्थस्य दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत्। श्येनानुचरितैर्ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥१२-९४-२०॥
After harming a powerful person, one who is far away should not feel secure thinking 'I am safe'; for, like hawks, these (enemies) indeed swoop down upon the careless by their actions.
दृढमूलस्त्वदुष्टात्मा विदित्वा बलमात्मनः। अबलानभियुञ्जीत न तु ये बलवत्तराः ॥१२-९४-२१॥
A person who is firmly established and wicked, knowing his own strength, should attack only the weak and not those who are stronger.
विक्रमेण महीं लब्ध्वा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन्। आहवे निधनं कुर्याद्राजा धर्मपरायणः ॥१२-९४-२२॥
A king who has gained the earth through valor and protects his subjects with righteousness should, if necessary, meet his end in battle, being ever devoted to righteousness.
मरणान्तमिदं सर्वं नेह किञ्चिदनामयम्। तस्माद्धर्मे स्थितो राजा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयेत् ॥१२-९४-२३॥
Everything here ends in death; nothing here is free from affliction. Therefore, a king established in righteousness should protect his subjects through righteousness.
रक्षाधिकरणं युद्धं तथा धर्मानुशासनम्। मन्त्रचिन्त्यं सुखं काले पञ्चभिर्वर्धते मही ॥१२-९४-२४॥
The earth prospers in time through five things: protection, administration, war, instruction in righteousness, and well-considered counsel, bringing happiness.
एतानि यस्य गुप्तानि स राजा राजसत्तम। सततं वर्तमानोऽत्र राजा भुङ्क्ते महीमिमाम् ॥१२-९४-२५॥
The king, O best among kings, whose these (principles) are protected, always abiding here, enjoys this earth.
नैतान्येकेन शक्यानि सातत्येनान्ववेक्षितुम्। एतेष्वाप्तान्प्रतिष्ठाप्य राजा भुङ्क्ते महीं चिरम् ॥१२-९४-२६॥
It is not possible for one person alone to continuously observe all these matters. By appointing trustworthy persons among them, the king enjoys his kingdom for a long time.
दातारं संविभक्तारं मार्दवोपगतं शुचिम्। असन्त्यक्तमनुष्यं च तं जनाः कुर्वते प्रियम् ॥१२-९४-२७॥
People make dear the one who is a giver, who shares, who is endowed with gentleness, who is pure, and who is not abandoned by the good.
यस्तु निःश्रेयसं ज्ञात्वा ज्ञानं तत्प्रतिपद्यते। आत्मनो मतमुत्सृज्य तं लोकोऽनुविधीयते ॥१२-९४-२८॥
But the one who, having realized the supreme good, attains that knowledge and abandons his own opinion, is followed by the world.
योऽर्थकामस्य वचनं प्रातिकूल्यान्न मृष्यते। शृणोति प्रतिकूलानि विमना नचिरादिव ॥१२-९४-२९॥
He who, being desirous of wealth, cannot endure words of opposition, and who, dispirited, hears contrary things, does not remain so for long, as if.
अग्राम्यचरितां बुद्धिमत्यन्तं यो न बुध्यते। जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥१२-९४-३०॥
He who fails to fully discern the mind of those of unworthy conduct, whether conquered or unconquered, and abandons the duty of a warrior, is such a person.
मुख्यानमात्यान्यो हित्वा निहीनान्कुरुते प्रियान्। स वै व्यसनमासाद्य गाधमार्तो न विन्दति ॥१२-९४-३१॥
He who abandons his chief ministers and chooses inferior ones as favorites, when he is afflicted by deep misfortune, truly finds no remedy.
यः कल्याणगुणाञ्ज्ञातीन्द्वेषान्नैवाभिमन्यते। अदृढात्मा दृढक्रोधो नास्यार्थो रमतेऽन्तिके ॥१२-९४-३२॥
One who, out of hatred, does not recognize auspicious qualities or his own kinsmen, whose mind is unsteady and who is steadfast in anger, will never have his purpose fulfilled.
अथ यो गुणसम्पन्नान्हृदयस्याप्रियानपि। प्रियेण कुरुते वश्यांश्चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥१२-९४-३३॥
Now, he who, by means of the beloved, brings even those unpleasant to the heart but endowed with virtues under control, remains famous for a long time.
नाकाले प्रणयेदर्थान्नाप्रिये जातु सञ्ज्वरेत्। प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येद्युज्येतारोग्यकर्मणि ॥१२-९४-३४॥
One should not undertake matters at the wrong time, nor ever be agitated in unpleasant situations; in pleasant situations, one should not rejoice excessively, and should engage in actions conducive to health.
के मानुरक्ता राजानः के भयात्समुपाश्रिताः। मध्यस्थदोषाः के चैषामिति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत् ॥१२-९४-३५॥
One should always consider: Which kings are affectionate towards people, which have sought refuge out of fear, and which among them have faults of neutrality.
न जातु बलवान्भूत्वा दुर्बले विश्वसेत्क्वचित्। भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥१२-९४-३६॥
One who is strong should never trust the weak, for, like the Bhāruṇḍa birds, they fall due to carelessness.
अपि सर्वैर्गुणैर्युक्तं भर्तारं प्रियवादिनम्। अभिद्रुह्यति पापात्मा तस्माद्धि विभिषेज्जनात् ॥१२-९४-३७॥
Even a wicked person may harm a husband who possesses every virtue and speaks kindly; therefore, one should indeed be wary of such people.
एतां राजोपनिषदं ययातिः स्माह नाहुषः। मनुष्यविजये युक्तो हन्ति शत्रूननुत्तमान् ॥१२-९४-३८॥
Yayati, the son of Nahusha, indeed spoke this royal upaniṣad. One who is engaged in the conquest of men destroys even the unsurpassed enemies.
