12.100
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। प्रतर्दनो मैथिलश्च सङ्ग्रामं यत्र चक्रतुः ॥१२-१००-१॥
atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam। pratardano maithilaś ca saṅgrāmaṃ yatra cakratuḥ ॥12-100-1॥
[अत्र (atra) - here; अपि (api) - also; उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite; इमम् (imam) - this; इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history; पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient; प्रतर्दनः (pratardanaḥ) - Pratardana; मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - the king of Mithila; च (ca) - and; सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle; यत्र (yatra) - where; चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they made;]
(Here also they cite this ancient history. Pratardana and the king of Mithila, where they made a battle.)
Here too, they recount this ancient story: Pratardana and the king of Mithila engaged in battle there.
यज्ञोपवीती सङ्ग्रामे जनको मैथिलो यथा। योधानुद्धर्षयामास तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१००-२॥
yajñopavītī saṅgrāme janako maithilo yathā। yodhānuddharṣayāmāsa tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-100-2॥
[यज्ञोपवीती (yajñopavītī) - wearing the sacred thread; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka; मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - the king of Mithila; यथा (yathā) - as; योधान् (yodhān) - warriors; उद्धर्षयामास (uddharṣayāmāsa) - caused to be excited; तत् (tat) - that; निबोध (nibodha) - know; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Wearing the sacred thread, in battle, Janaka, the king of Mithila, as (he) caused the warriors to be excited; that know, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, know how Janaka, the king of Mithila, wearing the sacred thread, stirred up the warriors in battle.
जनको मैथिलो राजा महात्मा सर्वतत्त्ववित्। योधान्स्वान्दर्शयामास स्वर्गं नरकमेव च ॥१२-१००-३॥
janako maithilo rājā mahātmā sarvatattvavit। yodhānsvāndarśayāmāsa svargaṃ narakameva ca ॥12-100-3॥
[जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka; (proper noun, king's name); मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - of Mithila; (from Mithilā, a region); राजा (rājā) - king; महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled; सर्वतत्त्ववित् (sarvatattvavit) - knower of all principles; योधान् (yodhān) - warriors; (accusative plural); स्वान् (svān) - his own; (accusative plural); दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - showed; (causative past); स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; नरकम् (narakam) - hell; एव (eva) - indeed; only; च (ca) - and;]
(Janaka, the king of Mithila, the great-souled, knower of all principles, showed his own warriors heaven and hell indeed and.)
Janaka, the great-souled king of Mithila and knower of all principles, showed his warriors both heaven and hell.
अभीतानामिमे लोका भास्वन्तो हन्त पश्यत। पूर्णा गन्धर्वकन्याभिः सर्वकामदुहोऽक्षयाः ॥१२-१००-४॥
abhītānām ime lokā bhāsvanto hanta paśyata। pūrṇā gandharva-kanyābhiḥ sarva-kāma-duhaḥ akṣayāḥ ॥12-100-4॥
[अभीतानाम् (abhītānām) - of the fearless; इमे (ime) - these; लोका (lokāḥ) - worlds; भास्वन्तः (bhāsvantaḥ) - shining; हन्त (hanta) - indeed; पश्यत (paśyata) - behold; पूर्णाः (pūrṇāḥ) - filled; गन्धर्वकन्याभिः (gandharva-kanyābhiḥ) - with Gandharva maidens; सर्वकामदुहः (sarva-kāma-duhaḥ) - yielding all desires; अक्षयाः (akṣayāḥ) - inexhaustible;]
(Of the fearless, these worlds are shining, indeed, behold! Filled with Gandharva maidens, yielding all desires, inexhaustible.)
Behold these shining worlds of the fearless! They are filled with Gandharva maidens, inexhaustible, and grant every desire.
इमे पलायमानानां नरकाः प्रत्युपस्थिताः। अकीर्तिः शाश्वती चैव पतितव्यमनन्तरम् ॥१२-१००-५॥
ime palāyamānānāṃ narakāḥ pratyupasthitāḥ। akīrtiḥ śāśvatī caiva patitavyamanantaram ॥12-100-5॥
[इमे (ime) - these; पलायमानानाम् (palāyamānānām) - of those fleeing; नरकाः (narakāḥ) - hells; प्रत्युपस्थिताः (pratyupasthitāḥ) - have appeared; अकीर्तिः (akīrtiḥ) - disgrace; शाश्वती (śāśvatī) - eternal; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पतितव्यम् (patitavyam) - must fall; अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after;]
(These hells have appeared for those fleeing. Disgrace, eternal and indeed, must fall immediately after.)
For those who flee, these hells have appeared. Eternal disgrace will certainly befall them immediately after.
तान्दृष्ट्वारीन्विजयतो भूत्वा सन्त्यागबुद्धयः। नरकस्याप्रतिष्ठस्य मा भूत वशवर्तिनः ॥१२-१००-६॥
tāndṛṣṭvārīnvijayato bhūtvā santyāgabuddhayaḥ। narakasyāpratiṣṭhasya mā bhūta vaśavartinaḥ ॥12-100-6॥
[तान् (tān) - them; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; अरिन् (arin) - enemies; विजयतः (vijayataḥ) - conquering; भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become; सन्त्यागबुद्धयः (santyāgabuddhayaḥ) - with the intellect of renunciation; नरकस्य (narakasya) - of hell; अप्रतिष्ठस्य (apratiṣṭhasya) - unstable; मा (mā) - do not; भूत (bhūta) - be; वशवर्तिनः (vaśavartinaḥ) - subject to control;]
(Having seen them, having become conquerors of enemies, with the intellect of renunciation, do not be subject to the control of the unstable hell.)
Having seen them, and having conquered your enemies, with a mind set on renunciation, do not become subject to the control of the unstable hell.
त्यागमूलं हि शूराणां स्वर्गद्वारमनुत्तमम्। इत्युक्तास्ते नृपतिना योधाः परपुरञ्जय ॥१२-१००-७॥
tyāgamūlaṃ hi śūrāṇāṃ svargadvāramanuttamam। ityuktāste nṛpatinā yodhāḥ parapurañjaya ॥12-100-7॥
[त्यागमूलं (tyāgamūlam) - rooted in renunciation; हि (hi) - indeed; शूराणां (śūrāṇām) - of the heroes; स्वर्गद्वारम् (svargadvāram) - gateway to heaven; अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed; इति (iti) - thus; उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - addressed; ते (te) - they; नृपतिना (nṛpatinā) - by the king; योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors; परपुरञ्जय (parapurañjaya) - conquerors of enemy cities;]
(The unsurpassed gateway to heaven for heroes is indeed rooted in renunciation. Thus addressed by the king, those warriors, conquerors of enemy cities.)
“The supreme gateway to heaven for heroes is indeed founded on renunciation.” Thus, addressed by the king, those warriors, conquerors of enemy cities, were inspired.
विजयन्त रणे शत्रून्हर्षयन्तो जनेश्वरम्। तस्मादात्मवता नित्यं स्थातव्यं रणमूर्धनि ॥१२-१००-८॥
vijayanta raṇe śatrūn harṣayanto janeśvaram। tasmād ātmavatā nityaṃ sthātavyaṃ raṇamūrdhani ॥12-100-8॥
[विजयन्त (vijayanta) - conquering; रणे (raṇe) - in battle; शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies; हर्षयन्तः (harṣayantaḥ) - gladdening; जनेश्वरम् (janeśvaram) - the lord of men; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; आत्मवता (ātmavatā) - by the self-possessed; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; स्थातव्यम् (sthātavyam) - one must stand; रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - at the forefront of battle;]
(Conquering in battle, gladdening the lord of men by defeating enemies; therefore, one who is self-possessed must always stand at the forefront of battle.)
Conquering enemies in battle and bringing joy to the king, therefore, a self-controlled person must always stand firm at the forefront of the battlefield.
गजानां रथिनो मध्ये रथानामनु सादिनः। सादिनामन्तरा स्थाप्यं पादातमिह दंशितम् ॥१२-१००-९॥
gajānāṃ rathino madhye rathānām anu sādināḥ। sādinām antarā sthāpyaṃ pādātam iha daṃśitam॥12-100-9॥
[गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants; रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers; मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst; रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots; अनु (anu) - after; सादिनः (sādināḥ) - horsemen; सादिनाम् (sādinām) - of horsemen; अन्तरा (antarā) - between; स्थाप्यं (sthāpyaṃ) - should be placed; पादातम् (pādātam) - the infantry; इह (iha) - here; दंशितम् (daṃśitam) - arranged;]
(Of elephants, charioteers in the midst; after chariots, horsemen; between horsemen, the infantry should be placed here, arranged.)
Charioteers should be placed among the elephants; after the chariots, the horsemen; and between the horsemen, the infantry should be arranged here.
य एवं व्यूहते राजा स नित्यं जयते द्विषः। तस्मादेवं विधातव्यं नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१००-१०॥
ya evaṃ vyūhate rājā sa nityaṃ jayate dviṣaḥ। tasmādevaṃ vidhātavyaṃ nityameva yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-100-10॥
[य (ya) - who; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; व्यूहते (vyūhate) - arranges (the army); राजा (rājā) - king; स (sa) - he; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; जयते (jayate) - conquers; द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - enemies; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; विधातव्यं (vidhātavyaṃ) - should be arranged; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; एव (eva) - indeed; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(Who thus arranges (the army), the king, he always conquers enemies. Therefore, thus it should be arranged always indeed, Yudhiṣṭhira.)
O Yudhiṣṭhira, the king who arranges the army in this manner always conquers his enemies. Therefore, you should always arrange it in this way.
सर्वे सुकृतमिच्छन्तः सुयुद्धेनातिमन्यवः। क्षोभयेयुरनीकानि सागरं मकरा इव ॥१२-१००-११॥
sarve sukṛtam icchantaḥ suyuddhena atimanyavaḥ। kṣobhayeyur anīkāni sāgaraṃ makarā iva ॥12-100-11॥
[सर्वे (sarve) - all; सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed; इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - desiring; सुयुद्धेन (suyuddhena) - by good battle; अतिमन्यवः (atimanyavaḥ) - very proud; क्षोभयेयुः (kṣobhayeyuḥ) - would agitate; अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies; सागरम् (sāgaram) - ocean; मकराः (makarāḥ) - crocodiles; इव (iva) - like;]
(All desiring good deeds, very proud, by good battle, would agitate the armies like crocodiles (agitate) the ocean.)
All, desiring virtuous deeds and filled with great pride, sought to disturb the armies by excellent battle, just as crocodiles agitate the ocean.
हर्षयेयुर्विषण्णांश्च व्यवस्थाप्य परस्परम्। जितां च भूमिं रक्षेत भग्नान्नात्यनुसारयेत् ॥१२-१००-१२॥
harṣayeyurviṣaṇṇāṃśca vyavasthāpya parasparam। jitāṃ ca bhūmiṃ rakṣeta bhagnānnātyanusārayet ॥12-100-12॥
[हर्षयेयुः (harṣayeyuḥ) - should gladden; (they) विषण्णान् (viṣaṇṇān) - the despondent; (ones) च (ca) - and; व्यवस्थाप्य (vyavasthāpya) - having arranged; परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually; जिताम् (jitām) - the conquered; च (ca) - and; भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land; रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect; भग्नान् (bhagnān) - the broken; (ones) न (na) - not; अत्यनुसारयेत् (atyanusārayet) - should not pursue excessively;]
(They should gladden the despondent, and having arranged mutually, should protect the conquered land, and should not pursue the broken excessively.)
They should encourage those who are despondent, organize themselves together, protect the conquered territory, and not excessively pursue those who are defeated.
पुनरावर्तमानानां निराशानां च जीविते। न वेगः सुसहो राजंस्तस्मान्नात्यनुसारयेत् ॥१२-१००-१३॥
punarāvartamānānāṃ nirāśānāṃ ca jīvite। na vegaḥ susaho rājaṃstasmānnātyanusārayet ॥12-100-13॥
[पुनरावर्तमानानाम् (punarāvartamānānām) - of those returning again; निराशानाम् (nirāśānām) - of the hopeless; च (ca) - and; जीविते (jīvite) - in life; न (na) - not; वेगः (vegaḥ) - speed; सुसहः (susahaḥ) - easily endurable; राजन् (rājan) - O king; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; न (na) - not; अत्यनुसारयेत् (atyanusārayet) - should pursue excessively;]
(O king, for those returning again and for the hopeless in life, speed is not easily endurable; therefore, one should not pursue excessively.)
O king, for those who are returning again and for the hopeless in life, speed is not easily bearable; therefore, one should not pursue them too hard.
न हि प्रहर्तुमिच्छन्ति शूराः प्राद्रवतां भयात्। तस्मात्पलायमानानां कुर्यान्नात्यनुसारणम् ॥१२-१००-१४॥
na hi prahartum icchanti śūrāḥ prādravatāṃ bhayāt। tasmāt palāyamānānāṃ kuryān nāty-anusāraṇam ॥12-100-14॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रहर्तुम् (prahartum) - to strike; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes; प्राद्रवताम् (prādravatām) - of those who have fled; भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; पलायमानानाम् (palāyamānānām) - of those fleeing; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do; न (na) - not; अत्यनुसारणम् (aty-anusāraṇam) - excessive pursuit;]
(Not indeed do heroes desire to strike those who have fled from fear. Therefore, of those fleeing, one should not do excessive pursuit.)
True heroes do not wish to strike those who have fled out of fear. Therefore, one should not excessively pursue those who are running away.
चराणामचरा ह्यन्नमदंष्ट्रा दंष्ट्रिणामपि। अपाणयः पाणिमतामन्नं शूरस्य कातराः ॥१२-१००-१५॥
carāṇām acarā hy annam adaṃṣṭrā daṃṣṭriṇām api। apāṇayaḥ pāṇimatām annaṃ śūrasya kātarāḥ ॥12-100-15॥
[चराणाम् (carāṇām) - of the moving beings; अचरा (acarā) - the unmoving; हि (hi) - indeed; अन्नम् (annam) - food; अदंष्ट्राः (adaṃṣṭrāḥ) - those without fangs; दंष्ट्रिणाम् (daṃṣṭriṇām) - of those with fangs; अपि (api) - even; अपाणयः (apāṇayaḥ) - those without hands; पाणिमताम् (pāṇimatām) - of those with hands; अन्नम् (annam) - food; शूरस्य (śūrasya) - of the brave; कातराः (kātarāḥ) - the timid;]
(The unmoving are indeed food for the moving beings; those without fangs are food even for those with fangs; those without hands are food for those with hands; the timid are food for the brave.)
The immobile are eaten by the mobile; the fangless are eaten by the fanged; the handless are eaten by the handed; the timid are prey to the brave.
समानपृष्ठोदरपाणिपादाः; पश्चाच्छूरं भीरवोऽनुव्रजन्ति। अतो भयार्ताः प्रणिपत्य भूयः; कृत्वाञ्जलीनुपतिष्ठन्ति शूरान् ॥१२-१००-१६॥
samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādāḥ; paścāc chūraṃ bhīravo'nu-vrajanti. ato bhayārtāḥ praṇipatya bhūyaḥ; kṛtvāñjalīn upatiṣṭhanti śūrān ॥12-100-16॥
[समान (samāna) - equal; same; पृष्ठ (pṛṣṭha) - back; उदर (udara) - belly; पाणि (pāṇi) - hand; पादाः (pādāḥ) - feet; पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind; after; शूरं (śūram) - hero; brave one; भीरवः (bhīravāḥ) - the fearful; cowards; अनुव्रजन्ति (anu-vrajanti) - follow; go after; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; hence; भयार्ताः (bhayārtāḥ) - afflicted by fear; प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down; भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; having done; अञ्जलीन् (añjalīn) - hands joined in reverence; उपतिष्ठन्ति (upatiṣṭhanti) - approach; attend upon; शूरान् (śūrān) - heroes; brave ones;]
(With equal backs, bellies, hands, and feet; behind, the fearful follow the hero. Therefore, those afflicted by fear, having bowed down again, having made hands joined in reverence, approach the heroes.)
Those with equal backs, bellies, hands, and feet—the fearful—follow the hero from behind. Therefore, those stricken by fear, bowing down again with joined hands, approach the heroes.
शूरबाहुषु लोकोऽयं लम्बते पुत्रवत्सदा। तस्मात्सर्वास्ववस्थासु शूरः संमानमर्हति ॥१२-१००-१७॥
śūrabāhuṣu loko'yaṃ lambate putravat sadā। tasmāt sarvāsv avasthāsu śūraḥ saṃmānam arhati ॥12-100-17॥
[शूर (śūra) - hero; बाहुषु (bāhuṣu) - among the arms; लोकः (lokaḥ) - people; अयम् (ayam) - this; लम्बते (lambate) - depends; पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son; सदा (sadā) - always; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all; अवस्थासु (avasthāsu) - conditions; शूरः (śūraḥ) - the hero; संमानम् (saṃmānam) - honor; अर्हति (arhati) - deserves;]
(Among the arms of heroes, these people always depend like a son. Therefore, in all conditions, the hero deserves honor.)
People always rely on the arms of heroes as they would on a son. Therefore, in all circumstances, a hero is worthy of honor.
न हि शौर्यात्परं किञ्चित्त्रिषु लोकेषु विद्यते। शूरः सर्वं पालयति सर्वं शूरे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१२-१००-१८॥
na hi śauryāt paraṃ kiñcit triṣu lokeṣu vidyate। śūraḥ sarvaṃ pālayati sarvaṃ śūre pratiṣṭhitam ॥12-100-18॥
[न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; शौर्यात् (śauryāt) - from valor; परम् (param) - higher; किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything; त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three; लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - worlds; विद्यते (vidyate) - exists; शूरः (śūraḥ) - the brave one; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; पालयति (pālayati) - protects; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; शूरे (śūre) - in the brave one; प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established;]
(Not indeed from valor higher anything in the three worlds exists. The brave one protects all; all is established in the brave one.)
Truly, there is nothing greater than valor in the three worlds. The brave protect everything; everything is founded upon the brave.
