12.101
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak, with prefix 'ud-');]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
यथा जयार्थिनः सेनां नयन्ति भरतर्षभ। ईषद्धर्मं प्रपीड्यापि तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१२-१०१-१॥
yathā jayārthinaḥ senāṃ nayanti bharatarṣabha। īṣaddharmaṃ prapīḍyāpi tanme brūhi pitāmaha ॥12-101-1॥
[यथा (yathā) - as; in what manner; जयार्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - those desiring victory; सेनां (senām) - army; नयन्ति (nayanti) - lead; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; ईषत् (īṣat) - slightly; धर्मं (dharmaṃ) - dharma; righteousness; प्रपीड्य (prapīḍya) - having oppressed; अपि (api) - even; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell; पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandsire;]
(As those desiring victory lead the army, O bull among the Bharatas, even having slightly oppressed righteousness, tell me that, O grandsire.)
O grandsire, tell me how those who desire victory lead their army, even if they must slightly violate righteousness, O bull among the Bharatas.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
सत्येन हि स्थिता धर्मा उपपत्त्या तथापरे। साध्वाचारतया केचित्तथैवौपयिका अपि ॥ उपायधर्मान्वक्ष्यामि सिद्धार्थानर्थधर्मयोः ॥१२-१०१-२॥
satyena hi sthitā dharmā upapattayā tathāpare। sādhv-ācāratayā kecit tathaiva upayikā api ॥ upāya-dharmān vakṣyāmi siddhārthān artha-dharmayoḥ ॥12-101-2॥
[सत्येन (satyena) - by truth; by honesty; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - established; abiding; धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - dharmas; righteous principles; उपपत्त्या (upapattayā) - by reasoning; by logical proof; तथा (tathā) - likewise; in that way; अपरे (apare) - others; some others; साध्वाचारतया (sādhv-ācāratayā) - by good conduct; by virtuous behavior; केचित् (kecit) - some; certain persons; तथैव (tathaiva) - just so; in the same way; उपयिका (upayikā) - useful; suitable; अपि (api) - also; even; उपायधर्मान् (upāya-dharmān) - means-related dharmas; expedient virtues; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak; I will explain; सिद्धार्थान् (siddhārthān) - accomplished aims; achieved purposes; अर्थधर्मयोः (artha-dharmayoḥ) - of wealth and dharma; of material and righteous principles;]
(By truth indeed dharmas are established, by reasoning likewise others; by good conduct some, just so, are also useful. I shall speak of expedient dharmas, accomplished aims, of wealth and dharma.)
Indeed, dharmas are established by truth, others by reasoning; some by good conduct, and some are useful in the same way. I will explain the expedient dharmas that accomplish the aims of both wealth and righteousness.
निर्मर्यादा दस्यवस्तु भवन्ति परिपन्थिनः। तेषां प्रतिविघातार्थं प्रवक्ष्याम्यथ नैगमम् ॥ कार्याणां सम्प्रसिद्ध्यर्थं तानुपायान्निबोध मे ॥१२-१०१-३॥
nirmaryādā dasyavastu bhavanti paripanthinaḥ। teṣāṃ prativighātārthaṃ pravakṣyāmyatha naigamam ॥ kāryāṇāṃ samprasiddhyarthaṃ tānupāyānnibodha me ॥12-101-3॥
[निर्मर्यादा (nirmaryādā) - without-boundaries; दस्यवस्तु (dasyavastu) - robber-objects; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - obstacles; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; प्रतिविघातार्थं (prativighātārtham) - for the purpose of counteracting; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; अथ (atha) - now; नैगमम् (naigamam) - traditional-means; कार्याणां (kāryāṇāṃ) - of actions; सम्प्रसिद्ध्यर्थं (samprasiddhyartham) - for the accomplishment; तान् (tān) - those; उपायान् (upāyān) - means; निबोध (nibodha) - understand; मे (me) - from me;]
(Without-boundaries robber-objects become obstacles. For the purpose of counteracting them, I shall declare now the traditional means. For the accomplishment of actions, understand those means from me.)
Objects or people without boundaries become obstacles like robbers. To counteract them, I will now explain the traditional methods. For the successful accomplishment of tasks, learn those means from me.
उभे प्रज्ञे वेदितव्ये ऋज्वी वक्रा च भारत। जानन्वक्रां न सेवेत प्रतिबाधेत चागताम् ॥१२-१०१-४॥
ubhe prajñe veditavye ṛjvī vakrā ca bhārata। jānan vakrāṃ na seveta pratibādheta cāgatām ॥12-101-4॥
[उभे (ubhe) - both; (dual) प्रज्ञे (prajñe) - ways of knowledge; (nominative dual) वेदितव्ये (veditavye) - to be understood; (nominative dual) ऋज्वी (ṛjvī) - straight; (feminine singular) वक्रा (vakrā) - crooked; (feminine singular) च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; जानन् (jānan) - knowing; वक्रां (vakrāṃ) - the crooked; (accusative singular) न (na) - not; सेवेत (seveta) - should associate with; (optative, 3rd person singular) प्रतिबाधेत (pratibādheta) - should obstruct; (optative, 3rd person singular) च (ca) - and; आगताम् (āgatām) - one who has come; (accusative singular feminine);]
(Both ways of knowledge, the straight and the crooked, O Bhārata, are to be understood; knowing the crooked, one should not associate with her, but should obstruct her when she comes.)
O Bhārata, both the straight and crooked paths of knowledge are to be understood; but knowing the crooked path, one should neither follow nor accept it, and should prevent it when it arises.
अमित्रा एव राजानं भेदेनोपचरन्त्युत। तां राजा निकृतिं जानन्यथामित्रान्प्रबाधते ॥१२-१०१-५॥
amitrā eva rājānaṃ bhedenopacarantyuta। tāṃ rājā nikṛtiṃ jānan yathāmitrān prabādhate ॥12-101-5॥
[अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies; एव (eva) - indeed; राजानम् (rājānam) - king (accusative); भेदेन (bhedena) - by division; उपचरन्ति (upacaraṇti) - approach; उत (uta) - indeed; ताम् (tām) - that (feminine accusative); राजा (rājā) - king; निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit; जानन् (jānan) - knowing; यथा (yathā) - as; अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies (accusative); प्रबाधते (prabādhate) - overcomes;]
(Enemies indeed approach the king by division indeed. That deceit knowing, the king as (thus) overcomes the enemies.)
Enemies indeed approach the king by sowing division. Knowing that deceit, the king overcomes the enemies accordingly.
गजानां पार्श्वचर्माणि गोवृषाजगराणि च। शल्यकङ्कटलोहानि तनुत्राणि मतानि च ॥१२-१०१-६॥
gajānāṃ pārśvacarmāṇi govṛṣājagarāṇi ca| śalyakaṅkaṭalohāni tanutrāṇi matāni ca ॥12-101-6॥
[गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants; पार्श्वचर्माणि (pārśvacarmāṇi) - side hides; गोवृष (govṛṣa) - of bullocks; अजगराणि (ajagarāṇi) - of pythons; च (ca) - and; शल्य (śalya) - of arrows; कङ्कट (kaṅkaṭa) - of shells; लोहानि (lohāni) - of iron; तनुत्राणि (tanutrāṇi) - body armours; मतानि (matāni) - are considered; च (ca) - and;]
(Of elephants, side hides, of bullocks, of pythons, and; of arrows, of shells, of iron, body armours, are considered, and.)
Side hides of elephants, hides of bullocks and pythons, as well as armours made of arrows, shells, and iron, are considered as body armours.
शितपीतानि शस्त्राणि संनाहाः पीतलोहिताः। नानारञ्जनरक्ताः स्युः पताकाः केतवश्च ते ॥१२-१०१-७॥
śitapītāni śastrāṇi saṃnāhāḥ pītalohitāḥ। nānārañjanaraktāḥ syuḥ patākāḥ ketavaś ca te ॥12-101-7॥
[शितपीतानि (śitapītāni) - white-and-yellow; शस्त्राणि (śastrāṇi) - weapons; संनाहाः (saṃnāhāḥ) - armours; पीतलोहिताः (pītalohitāḥ) - yellow-and-red; नानारञ्जनरक्ताः (nānārañjanaraktāḥ) - variously-dyed-red; स्युः (syuḥ) - would be; पताकाः (patākāḥ) - banners; केतवः (ketavaḥ) - standards; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - those;]
(White-and-yellow weapons, armours yellow-and-red, variously-dyed-red would be banners, standards and those.)
Their weapons were white and yellow, their armours yellow and red; their banners and standards were dyed in various shades of red.
ऋष्टयस्तोमराः खड्गा निशिताश्च परश्वधाः। फलकान्यथ चर्माणि प्रतिकल्प्यान्यनेकशः ॥ अभिनीतानि शस्त्राणि योधाश्च कृतनिश्रमाः ॥१२-१०१-८॥
ṛṣṭayas-tomarāḥ khaḍgā niśitāś-ca paraśvadhāḥ। phalakāny-atha carmāṇi pratikalpyāny-anekaśaḥ॥ abhinītāni śastrāṇi yodhāś-ca kṛtaniśramāḥ॥12-101-8॥
[ऋष्टयः (ṛṣṭayaḥ) - spears; तोमराः (tomarāḥ) - javelins; खड्गाः (khaḍgāḥ) - swords; निशिताः (niśitāḥ) - sharp; च (ca) - and; परश्वधाः (paraśvadhāḥ) - battle-axes; फलकानि (phalakāni) - shields; अथ (atha) - and; चर्माणि (carmāṇi) - armours; प्रतिकल्प्यानि (pratikalpyāni) - to be arranged; अनेकशः (anekaśaḥ) - in many ways; अभिनीतानि (abhinītāni) - well-handled; शस्त्राणि (śastrāṇi) - weapons; योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors; च (ca) - and; कृतनिश्रमाः (kṛtaniśramāḥ) - well-trained;]
(Spears, javelins, swords, sharp and battle-axes, shields and armours to be arranged in many ways; well-handled weapons and warriors well-trained.)
Spears, javelins, swords, sharp battle-axes, shields, and armours were arranged in many ways; the weapons were well-handled and the warriors were well-trained.
चैत्र्यां वा मार्गशीर्ष्यां वा सेनायोगः प्रशस्यते। पक्वसस्या हि पृथिवी भवत्यम्बुमती तथा ॥१२-१०१-९॥
caitryāṃ vā mārgaśīrṣyāṃ vā senāyogaḥ praśasyate। pakvasasyā hi pṛthivī bhavatyaṃbumatī tathā ॥12-101-9॥
[चैत्र्यां (caitryām) - in Caitra (month); वा (vā) - or; मार्गशीर्ष्यां (mārgaśīrṣyām) - in Mārgaśīrṣa (month); वा (vā) - or; सेनायोगः (senāyogaḥ) - military campaign; (senā - army; yogaḥ - engagement;) प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; पक्वसस्या (pakvasasyā) - of ripened crops; हि (hi) - indeed; पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अम्बुमती (ambumatī) - with water; तथा (tathā) - likewise;]
(In Caitra or in Mārgaśīrṣa, a military campaign is praised. For the earth of ripened crops indeed becomes with water likewise.)
A military campaign is considered best either in the month of Caitra or Mārgaśīrṣa, for at that time the earth, with its crops ripened, is also rich in water.
नैवातिशीतो नात्युष्णः कालो भवति भारत। तस्मात्तदा योजयेत परेषां व्यसनेषु वा ॥१२-१०१-१०॥
naivātiśīto nātyuṣṇaḥ kālo bhavati bhārata। tasmāttadā yojayet pareṣāṃ vyasaneṣu vā ॥12-101-10॥
[न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अति-शीतः (ati-śītaḥ) - excessively-cold; न (na) - not; अति-उष्णः (ati-uṣṇaḥ) - excessively-hot; कालः (kālaḥ) - season; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; तदा (tadā) - then; योजयेत् (yojayet) - should join; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; व्यासनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in misfortunes; वा (vā) - or;]
(Not indeed excessively cold, not excessively hot the season becomes, O Bhārata; therefore then should join of others in misfortunes or.)
O Bhārata, the season is neither excessively cold nor excessively hot; therefore, at such times, one should assist others in their misfortunes.
एतेषु योगाः सेनायाः प्रशस्ताः परबाधने ॥१२-१०१-१०॥
eteṣu yogāḥ senāyāḥ praśastāḥ parabādhane ॥12-101-10॥
[एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these; योगाः (yogāḥ) - combinations; सेनायाः (senāyāḥ) - of the army; प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - praised; परबाधने (parabādhane) - in overcoming the enemy;]
(In these, the combinations of the army are praised in overcoming the enemy.)
Among these, the formations of the army are considered excellent for defeating the enemy.
जलवांस्तृणवान्मार्गः समो गम्यः प्रशस्यते। चारैर्हि विहिताभ्यासः कुशलैर्वनगोचरैः ॥१२-१०१-११॥
jalavāṃstṛṇavānmārgaḥ samo gamyaḥ praśasyate। cārairhi vihitābhyāsaḥ kuśalairvanagocaraiḥ ॥12-101-11॥
[जलवान् (jalavān) - having water; तृणवान् (tṛṇavān) - having grass; मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path; समः (samaḥ) - level; गम्यः (gamyaḥ) - to be traversed; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies; हि (hi) - indeed; विहित (vihita) - established; अभ्यासः (abhyāsaḥ) - practice; कुशलैः (kuśalaiḥ) - by the skilled; वनगोचरैः (vanagocaraiḥ) - by those moving in the forest;]
(A path having water and grass, level, to be traversed, is praised. Indeed, the practice established by spies, by the skilled, by those moving in the forest.)
A path that has water and grass, is level and traversable, is considered excellent. The practice established by skilled spies who are familiar with the forest is indeed praised.
नव्यारण्यैर्न शक्येत गन्तुं मृगगणैरिव। तस्मात्सर्वासु सेनासु योजयन्ति जयार्थिनः ॥१२-१०१-१२॥
navyāraṇyair na śakyeta gantuṃ mṛgagaṇair iva। tasmāt sarvāsu senāsu yojayanti jayārthinaḥ ॥12-101-12॥
[नव्या-अरण्यैः (navyāraṇyaiḥ) - by new forests; न (na) - not; शक्येत (śakyeta) - can be accomplished; गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go; मृग-गणैः (mṛgagaṇaiḥ) - by groups of deer; इव (iva) - like; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all; सेनासु (senāsu) - in armies; योजयन्ति (yojayanti) - they unite; जय-अर्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - those desiring victory;]
(By new forests, not can be accomplished to go by groups of deer, like; therefore, in all armies, they unite those desiring victory.)
Just as groups of deer cannot pass through new forests, so those who desire victory unite all the armies.
आवासस्तोयवान्दुर्गः पर्याकाशः प्रशस्यते। परेषामुपसर्पाणां प्रतिषेधस्तथा भवेत् ॥१२-१०१-१३॥
āvāsasto yavāndurgaḥ paryākāśaḥ praśasyate. pareṣām upasarpāṇāṃ pratiṣedhas tathā bhavet ॥12-101-13॥
[आवास (āvāsa) - dwelling; स्तोयवान् (stoyavān) - having water; दुर्गः (durgaḥ) - fort; पर्य (parya) - surrounding; आकाशः (ākāśaḥ) - open space; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of enemies; उपसर्पाणाम् (upasarpāṇām) - approaches; प्रतिषेधः (pratiṣedhaḥ) - prevention; तथा (tathā) - likewise; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be;]
(A fort for dwelling having water and surrounded by open space is praised. Likewise, there should be prevention of the approaches of enemies.)
A fort suitable for habitation, with water and surrounded by open space, is praised. Likewise, the approaches of enemies should be prevented.
आकाशं तु वनाभ्याशे मन्यन्ते गुणवत्तरम्। बहुभिर्गुणजातैस्तु ये युद्धकुशला जनाः ॥१२-१०१-१४॥
ākāśaṃ tu vanābhyāśe manyante guṇavattaram। bahubhirguṇajātaistu ye yuddhakuśalā janāḥ ॥12-101-14॥
[आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky; तु (tu) - but; वन-अभ्याशे (vana-abhyāśe) - near the forest; मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider; गुणवत्तरम् (guṇavattaram) - more excellent; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many; गुण-जातैः (guṇa-jātaiḥ) - by kinds of virtues; तु (tu) - but; ये (ye) - those who; युद्ध-कुशलाः (yuddha-kuśalāḥ) - skilled in battle; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(But they consider the sky near the forest to be more excellent. But those people who are skilled in battle, by many kinds of virtues;)
But it is considered that the sky near the forest is superior. However, those people who are skilled in battle possess many kinds of virtues.
उपन्यासोऽपसर्पाणां पदातीनां च गूहनम्। अथ शत्रुप्रतीघातमापदर्थं परायणम् ॥१२-१०१-१५॥
upanyāso'pasarpāṇāṃ padātīnāṃ ca gūhanam। atha śatrupratīghātamāpadarthaṃ parāyaṇam ॥12-101-15॥
[उपन्यासः (upanyāsaḥ) - placing; अपसर्पाणाम् (apasarpāṇām) - of withdrawals; पदातीनाम् (padātīnām) - of foot-soldiers; च (ca) - and; गूहनम् (gūhanam) - concealment; अथ (atha) - then; शत्रु-प्रतीघातम् (śatru-pratīghātam) - counteraction of enemy; आपदर्थम् (āpad-artham) - for the sake of calamity; परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - resort;]
(Placing of withdrawals, concealment of foot-soldiers, and then, for the sake of calamity, resort to counteraction of the enemy.)
Arranging withdrawals, hiding foot-soldiers, and then, in times of calamity, resorting to countermeasures against the enemy.
सप्तर्षीन्पृष्ठतः कृत्वा युध्येरन्नचला इव। अनेन विधिना राजञ्जिगीषेतापि दुर्जयान् ॥१२-१०१-१६॥
saptarṣīn pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā yudhyeran acalā iva। anena vidhinā rājan jigīṣeta api durjayān ॥12-101-16॥
[सप्तर्षीन् (saptarṣīn) - the seven sages; पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed; युध्येरन् (yudhyeran) - would fight; अचला (acalāḥ) - immovable ones; इव (iva) - like; अनेन (anena) - by this; विधिना (vidhinā) - method; राजन् (rājan) - O king; जिगीषेत् (jigīṣet) - should wish to conquer; अपि (api) - even; दुर्जयान् (durjayān) - the unconquerable;]
(Having placed the seven sages behind, they would fight like immovable ones. By this method, O king, one should wish to conquer even the unconquerable.)
If one places the seven sages behind and fights like immovable mountains, O king, even the unconquerable can be overcome by this method.
यतो वायुर्यतः सूर्यो यतः शुक्रस्ततो जयः। पूर्वं पूर्वं ज्याय एषां संनिपाते युधिष्ठिर ॥१२-१०१-१७॥
yato vāyur yataḥ sūryo yataḥ śukras tato jayaḥ। pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ jyāya eṣāṃ saṃnipāte yudhiṣṭhira ॥12-101-17॥
[यतः (yataḥ) - from where; वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind; यतः (yataḥ) - from where; सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun; यतः (yataḥ) - from where; शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Venus; ततः (tataḥ) - from there; जयः (jayaḥ) - victory; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former; ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - greater; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; संनिपाते (saṃnipāte) - in the assembly; युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira;]
(From where is the wind, from where is the sun, from where is Venus, from there is victory. The former, the former is greater of these in the assembly, O Yudhiṣṭhira.)
Wherever the wind, sun, and Venus are, there lies victory. In any assembly, the one who is earlier among these is greater, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
अकर्दमामनुदकाममर्यादामलोष्टकाम्। अश्वभूमिं प्रशंसन्ति ये युद्धकुशला जनाः ॥१२-१०१-१८॥
akardamāmanudakāmamaryādāmaloṣṭakām। aśvabhūmiṃ praśaṃsanti ye yuddhakuśalā janāḥ ॥12-101-18॥
[अकर्दमाम् (akardamām) - not-muddy; अनुदकाम् (anudakām) - not-watery; अमर्यादाम् (amaryādām) - without-boundaries; अलोष्टकाम् (aloṣṭakām) - not-cloddy; अश्वभूमिम् (aśvabhūmim) - horse-land; प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṃsanti) - praise; ये (ye) - who; युद्धकुशलाः (yuddhakuśalāḥ) - skilled-in-battle; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
(The people skilled in battle praise the land for horses which is not muddy, not watery, without boundaries, not cloddy.)
Those skilled in battle praise as horse-land that which is not muddy, not watery, without boundaries, and not cloddy.
समा निरुदकाकाशा रथभूमिः प्रशस्यते। नीचद्रुमा महाकक्षा सोदका हस्तियोधिनाम् ॥१२-१०१-१९॥
samā nirudakākāśā rathabhūmiḥ praśasyate। nīcadrumā mahākakṣā sodakā hastiyodhinām ॥12-101-19॥
[समा (samā) - level; निरुदक (nirudaka) - without water; आकाशा (ākāśā) - open to the sky; रथभूमिः (rathabhūmiḥ) - chariot-ground; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; नीचद्रुमा (nīcadrumā) - with low trees; महाकक्षा (mahākakṣā) - with large open space; सोदका (sodakā) - with water; हस्तियोधिनाम् (hastiyodhinām) - for elephant-warriors;]
(Level, waterless, open-to-the-sky chariot-ground is praised. With low trees, large open space, with water, for elephant-warriors.)
A level, waterless, open chariot-ground is praised. For elephant-warriors, a ground with low trees, large open space, and water is preferred.
बहुदुर्गा महावृक्षा वेत्रवेणुभिरास्तृता। पदातीनां क्षमा भूमिः पर्वतोपवनानि च ॥१२-१०१-२०॥
bahudurgā mahāvṛkṣā vetraveṇubhir āstṛtā। padātīnāṃ kṣamā bhūmiḥ parvatopavanāni ca ॥12-101-20॥
[बहु (bahu) - much; many; दुर्गा (durgā) - fortresses; strongholds; महावृक्षा (mahāvṛkṣā) - great trees; वेत्रवेणुभिः (vetraveṇubhiḥ) - with canes and bamboos; आस्तृता (āstṛtā) - covered; spread; पदातीनां (padātīnāṃ) - of foot-soldiers; क्षमा (kṣamā) - earth; ground; भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - land; ground; पर्वत (parvata) - mountain; उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves; gardens; च (ca) - and;]
(Many fortresses, great trees, covered with canes and bamboos; the ground for foot-soldiers, the earth, mountains and groves also.)
There were many fortresses and great trees, areas covered with canes and bamboos; the land was suitable for foot-soldiers, and there were mountains and groves as well.
पदातिबहुला सेना दृढा भवति भारत। रथाश्वबहुला सेना सुदिनेषु प्रशस्यते ॥१२-१०१-२१॥
padātibahulā senā dṛḍhā bhavati bhārata। rathāśvabahulā senā sudineṣu praśasyate ॥12-101-21॥
[पदाति (padāti) - foot-soldier; बहुला (bahulā) - abundant; many; सेना (senā) - army; दृढा (dṛḍhā) - firm; strong; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; रथ (ratha) - chariot; अश्व (aśva) - horse; बहुला (bahulā) - abundant; many; सेना (senā) - army; सुदिनेषु (sudineṣu) - on auspicious days; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised;]
(An army abundant in foot-soldiers becomes firm, O Bhārata. An army abundant in chariots and horses is praised on auspicious days.)
O Bhārata, an army with many foot-soldiers is strong; an army with many chariots and horses is praised on auspicious days.
पदातिनागबहुला प्रावृट्काले प्रशस्यते। गुणानेतान्प्रसङ्ख्याय देशकालौ प्रयोजयेत् ॥१२-१०१-२२॥
padātināgabahulā prāvṛṭkāle praśasyate। guṇānetānprasaṅkhyāya deśakālau prayojayet ॥12-101-22॥
[पदाति (padāti) - infantry; नाग (nāga) - elephants; बहुला (bahulā) - abundant; प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - rainy season; काले (kāle) - in the time; प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; एतान् (etān) - these; प्रसङ्ख्याय (prasaṅkhyāya) - having enumerated; देश (deśa) - region; कालौ (kālau) - and time; प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should employ;]
(Infantry and elephants are abundant in the rainy season, are praised. Having enumerated these qualities, one should employ (them) according to region and time.)
Infantry and elephants are especially effective and praised during the rainy season. After considering these qualities, one should employ them according to the region and time.
एवं सञ्चिन्त्य यो याति तिथिनक्षत्रपूजितः। विजयं लभते नित्यं सेनां सम्यक्प्रयोजयन् ॥१२-१०१-२३॥
evaṃ sañcintya yo yāti tithinakṣatrapūjitaḥ। vijayaṃ labhate nityaṃ senāṃ samyakprayojayan ॥12-101-23॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; in this way; सञ्चिन्त्य (sañcintya) - having considered; having reflected; यः (yaḥ) - who; he who; याति (yāti) - goes; proceeds; तिथि (tithi) - lunar day; नक्षत्र (nakṣatra) - constellation; lunar mansion; पूजितः (pūjitaḥ) - honored; worshipped; विजयम् (vijayam) - victory; लभते (labhate) - obtains; gains; नित्यम् (nityam) - always; constantly; सेनाम् (senām) - army; सम्यक् (samyak) - properly; rightly; प्रयोजयन् (prayojayan) - employing; deploying;]
(Thus, having considered, he who goes, honored by the lunar day and constellation, always obtains victory, properly employing the army.)
Thus, one who proceeds after due consideration, honored by the auspicious lunar day and constellation, always attains victory by properly deploying the army.
प्रसुप्तांस्तृषिताञ्श्रान्तान्प्रकीर्णान्नाभिघातयेत्। मोक्षे प्रयाणे चलने पानभोजनकालयोः ॥१२-१०१-२४॥
prasuptāṃs tṛṣitāñ śrāntān prakīrṇān nābhighātayet। mokṣe prayāṇe calane pāna-bhojana-kālayoḥ ॥12-101-24॥
[प्रसुप्तान् (prasuptān) - sleeping ones; तृषितान् (tṛṣitān) - thirsty ones; श्रान्तान् (śrāntān) - tired ones; प्रकीर्णान् (prakīrṇān) - scattered ones; न (na) - not; अभिघातयेत् (abhighātayet) - should strike; मोक्षे (mokṣe) - at release; प्रयाणे (prayāṇe) - at departure; चलने (calane) - at movement; पान (pāna) - drinking; भोजन (bhojana) - eating; कालयोः (kālayoḥ) - at the times of (both);]
(One should not strike those who are sleeping, thirsty, tired, or scattered, at the time of release, departure, movement, or at the times of drinking and eating.)
One must not strike those who are sleeping, thirsty, tired, or scattered, nor at the time of release, departure, movement, or during drinking and eating.
अतिक्षिप्तान्व्यतिक्षिप्तान्विहतान्प्रतनूकृतान्। सुविस्रम्भान्कृतारम्भानुपन्यासप्रतापितान् ॥ बहिश्चरानुपन्यासान्कृत्वा वेश्मानुसारिणः ॥१२-१०१-२५॥
atikṣiptān vyatikṣiptān vihātān pratanūkṛtān। suvisrambhān kṛtārambhān upanyāsa-pratāpitān॥ bahiścarān upanyāsān kṛtvā veśma-anusāriṇaḥ॥12-101-25॥
[अतिक्षिप्तान् (atikṣiptān) - completely rejected; व्यतिक्षिप्तान् (vyatikṣiptān) - thoroughly scattered; विहतान् (vihātān) - destroyed; प्रतनूकृतान् (pratanūkṛtān) - made thin; सुविस्रम्भान् (suvisrambhān) - very relaxed; कृतारम्भान् (kṛtārambhān) - having undertaken action; उपन्यासप्रतापितान् (upanyāsa-pratāpitān) - oppressed by discourse; बहिश्चरान् (bahiścarān) - moving outside; उपन्यासान् (upanyāsān) - discourses; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; वेश्मानुसारिणः (veśma-anusāriṇaḥ) - following the house;]
(Completely rejected, thoroughly scattered, destroyed, made thin, very relaxed, having undertaken action, oppressed by discourse; having made those who move outside and discourses, following the house.)
Those who were completely rejected, scattered, destroyed, made thin, very relaxed, had undertaken action, and were oppressed by discourse; having made those who move outside and discourses, they followed the house.
पारम्पर्यागते द्वारे ये केचिदनुवर्तिनः। परिचर्यावरोद्धारो ये च केचन वल्गिनः ॥१२-१०१-२६॥
pāramparyāgate dvāre ye kecidanuvartinaḥ। paricaryāvaroddhāro ye ca kecana valginaḥ॥12-101-26॥
[पारम्पर्यागते (pāramparyāgate) - inherited; arrived through tradition; द्वारे (dvāre) - at the door; gateway; ये (ye) - who; those; केचित् (kecit) - some; certain ones; अनुवर्तिनः (anuvartinaḥ) - followers; those who follow; परिचर्या (paricaryā) - service; attendance; अवरोद्धारः (avaroddhāraḥ) - obstructors; those who block; ये (ye) - who; those; च (ca) - and; केचन (kecana) - some; certain ones; वल्गिनः (valginaḥ) - boastful; arrogant;]
(At the door arrived through tradition, those who are followers, and those who are obstructors of service, and some who are boastful.)
At the traditionally inherited gateway, there are some who follow, some who obstruct service, and some who are boastful.
अनीकं ये प्रभिन्दन्ति भिन्नं ये स्थगयन्ति च। समानाशनपानास्ते कार्या द्विगुणवेतनाः ॥१२-१०१-२७॥
anīkaṃ ye prabhindanti bhinnaṃ ye sthagayanti ca। samāna-aśana-pānās te kāryā dviguṇa-vetanāḥ ॥12-101-27॥
[अनीकं (anīkam) - army; ये (ye) - who; प्रभिन्दन्ति (prabhindanti) - break through; भिन्नं (bhinnam) - broken; ये (ye) - who; स्थगयन्ति (sthagayanti) - stop; च (ca) - and; समानाशनपानाः (samāna-aśana-pānāḥ) - having equal food and drink; ते (te) - they; कार्याः (kāryāḥ) - should be employed; द्विगुणवेतनाः (dviguṇa-vetanāḥ) - with double wages;]
(Those who break through the army, those who stop the broken (army), and those who have equal food and drink—they should be employed with double wages.)
Those who break through the army, those who stop the broken ranks, and those who share equal food and drink should be employed with double wages.
दशाधिपतयः कार्याः शताधिपतयस्तथा। तेषां सहस्राधिपतिं कुर्याच्छूरमतन्द्रितम् ॥१२-१०१-२८॥
daśādhipatayaḥ kāryāḥ śatādhipatayastathā। teṣāṃ sahasrādhipatiṃ kuryācchūramatandritam ॥12-101-28॥
[दश (daśa) - ten; अधिपतयः (adhipatayaḥ) - lords; कार्याः (kāryāḥ) - should be appointed; शत (śata) - hundred; अधिपतयः (adhipatayaḥ) - lords; तथा (tathā) - likewise; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; सहस्र (sahasra) - thousand; अधिपतिं (adhipatim) - lord; कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should appoint; शूरम् (śūram) - valiant; अतन्द्रितम् (atandritam) - untiring;]
(Ten lords should be appointed, likewise hundred lords; of them, a lord of a thousand should be appointed, valiant and untiring.)
Ten commanders should be appointed, and likewise commanders of a hundred; among them, a valiant and tireless commander of a thousand should be appointed.
यथामुख्यं संनिपात्य वक्तव्याः स्म शपामहे। यथा जयार्थं सङ्ग्रामे न जह्याम परस्परम् ॥१२-१०१-२९॥
yathāmukhyaṃ saṃnipātya vaktavyāḥ sma śapāmahe। yathā jayārthaṃ saṅgrāme na jahyāma parasparam ॥12-101-29॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; in the manner; as; according to; as per; in the way; as it is; as such; मुख्यं (mukhyaṃ) - principal; chief; foremost; main; primary; संनिपात्य (saṃnipātya) - having assembled; having brought together; having gathered; वक्तव्याः (vaktavyāḥ) - should be spoken; ought to be said; to be stated; स्म (sma) - indeed; surely; certainly; (emphatic particle); शपामहे (śapāmahe) - we swear; we take an oath; यथा (yathā) - just as; in the manner; as; according to; as per; in the way; as it is; as such; जयार्थं (jayārthaṃ) - for the sake of victory; for victory; for conquering; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; in war; न (na) - not; no; जह्याम (jahyāma) - we should abandon; we should forsake; परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other; mutually; one another;]
(Just as, having assembled the principal (ones), what should be spoken, indeed, we swear. Just as, for the sake of victory, in battle, we should not abandon each other.)
Just as we have assembled the principal ones and sworn to speak what must be said, so too, for the sake of victory in battle, we should not abandon one another.
इहैव ते निवर्तन्तां ये नः केचन भीरवः। न घातयेयुः प्रदरं कुर्वाणास्तुमुले सति ॥१२-१०१-३०॥
ihaiva te nivartantāṃ ye naḥ kecana bhīravaḥ। na ghātayeyuḥ pradaraṃ kurvāṇās tumule sati ॥12-101-30॥
[इहैव (ihaiva) - here itself; ते (te) - they; निवर्तन्तां (nivartantāṃ) - let them turn back; ये (ye) - who; नः (naḥ) - our; केचन (kecana) - any; भीरवः (bhīravaḥ) - fearful ones; न (na) - not; घातयेयुः (ghātayeyuḥ) - should cause to be killed; प्रदरं (pradaraṃ) - breach; कुर्वाणाः (kurvāṇāḥ) - making; तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumult; सति (sati) - when present;]
(Here itself let them turn back, those of ours who are any fearful ones; let them not cause a breach, making (it) in the tumult when present.)
Let those among us who are fearful turn back right here; let them not create a breach in the tumult of battle.
आत्मानं च स्वपक्षं च पलायन्हन्ति संयुगे। द्रव्यनाशो वधोऽकीर्तिरयशश्च पलायने ॥१२-१०१-३१॥
ātmānaṃ ca svapakṣaṃ ca palāyan hanti saṃyuge। dravyanāśo vadho'kīrtirayaśaś ca palāyane ॥12-101-31॥
[आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself; च (ca) - and; स्वपक्षम् (svapakṣam) - one's own side; च (ca) - and; पलायन् (palāyan) - fleeing; हन्ति (hanti) - destroys; संयुगे (saṃyuge) - in battle; द्रव्यनाशः (dravyanāśaḥ) - loss of wealth; वधः (vadhaḥ) - death; अकीर्तिः (akīrtiḥ) - disrepute; अयशः (ayaśaḥ) - dishonor; च (ca) - and; पलायने (palāyane) - in fleeing;]
(Oneself and one's own side, fleeing, destroys in battle. Loss of wealth, death, disrepute, and dishonor are in fleeing.)
By fleeing in battle, one destroys both oneself and one's own side. Fleeing leads to loss of wealth, death, disrepute, and dishonor.
अमनोज्ञासुखा वाचः पुरुषस्य पलायतः। प्रतिस्पन्दौष्ठदन्तस्य न्यस्तसर्वायुधस्य च ॥१२-१०१-३२॥
amanojñāsukhā vācaḥ puruṣasya palāyataḥ। pratispandauṣṭhadantasya nyastasarvāyudhasya ca ॥12-101-32॥
[अमनोज्ञा (amanojñā) - not-pleasing; सुखा (sukhā) - pleasant; वाचः (vācaḥ) - words; पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the man; पलायतः (palāyataḥ) - fleeing; प्रतिस्पन्द (pratispanda) - with movement; ओष्ठ (oṣṭha) - lip; दन्तस्य (dantasya) - of the teeth; न्यस्त (nyasta) - laid down; सर्वायुधस्य (sarvāyudhasya) - of all weapons; च (ca) - and;]
(Not-pleasing pleasant words of the man fleeing, with movement of lip and teeth, and of him who has laid down all weapons.)
The words of the fleeing man, though pleasant, are not agreeable, as he moves his lips and teeth, and has laid down all his weapons.
हित्वा पलायमानस्य सहायान्प्राणसंशये। अमित्रैरनुबद्धस्य द्विषतामस्तु नस्तथा ॥१२-१०१-३३॥
hitvā palāyamānasya sahāyān prāṇasaṃśaye। amitrair anubaddhasya dviṣatām astu nas tathā ॥12-101-33॥
[हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned; पलायमानस्य (palāyamānasya) - of one fleeing; सहायान् (sahāyān) - companions; प्राणसंशये (prāṇasaṃśaye) - in danger of life; अमित्रैः (amitraiḥ) - by enemies; अनुबद्धस्य (anubaddhasya) - of one who is pursued; द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies; अस्तु (astu) - let it be; नः (naḥ) - for us; तथा (tathā) - so;]
(Having abandoned the companions of one fleeing in danger of life, of one who is pursued by enemies, let it be so for us among enemies.)
Let it be so for us: if a companion flees in mortal danger and is pursued by enemies, let us abandon him among our foes.
मनुष्यापसदा ह्येते ये भवन्ति पराङ्मुखाः। राशिवर्धनमात्रास्ते नैव ते प्रेत्य नो इह ॥१२-१०१-३४॥
manuṣyāpasadā hyete ye bhavanti parāṅmukhāḥ। rāśivardhanamātrāste naiva te pretya no iha ॥12-101-34॥
[मनुष्यापसदाः (manuṣyāpasadāḥ) - men of degraded class; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these; ये (ye) - who; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - turned away (from duty); राशिवर्धनमात्राः (rāśivardhanamātrāḥ) - merely heap-increasers; ते (te) - they; नैव (na eva) - not at all; ते (te) - they; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; नः (naḥ) - for us; इह (iha) - here;]
(Men of degraded class indeed these who are turned away (from duty), merely heap-increasers, they not at all they after death for us here.)
Those who turn away from their duties are truly men of degraded class; they only increase their own heaps of wealth, and are of no use to us either here or after death.
अमित्रा हृष्टमनसः प्रत्युद्यान्ति पलायिनम्। जयिनं सुहृदस्तात वन्दनैर्मङ्गलेन च ॥१२-१०१-३५॥
amitrā hṛṣṭamanasaḥ pratyudyānti palāyinam। jayinaṃ suhṛdastāta vandanairmaṅgalena ca ॥12-101-35॥
[अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies; हृष्टमनसः (hṛṣṭamanasaḥ) - with delighted minds; प्रत्युद्यान्ति (pratyudyānti) - approach; पलायिनम् (palāyinam) - one who flees; जयिनम् (jayinam) - the victorious one; सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends; तात (tāta) - dear one; वन्दनैः (vandanaiḥ) - with salutations; मङ्गलेन (maṅgalena) - with auspiciousness; च (ca) - and;]
(Enemies with delighted minds approach one who flees. Friends, dear one, (approach) the victorious one with salutations and with auspiciousness.)
Enemies gladly approach a fleeing person, while friends, dear one, greet the victorious with salutations and auspicious wishes.
यस्य स्म व्यसने राजन्ननुमोदन्ति शत्रवः। तदसह्यतरं दुःखमहं मन्ये वधादपि ॥१२-१०१-३६॥
yasya sma vyasane rājan anumodanti śatravaḥ। tadasahyataram duḥkham ahaṃ manye vadhād api ॥12-101-36॥
[यस्य (yasya) - of whom; स्म (sma) - indeed; व्यासने (vyasane) - in misfortune; राजन् (rājan) - O king; अनुमोदन्ति (anumodanti) - approve; शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies; तत् (tat) - that; असह्यतरम् (asahyataram) - more unbearable; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; अहम् (aham) - I; मन्ये (manye) - think; वधात् (vadhāt) - than killing; अपि (api) - even;]
(Of whom indeed in misfortune, O king, enemies approve—that suffering I think is more unbearable even than killing.)
O king, I consider the suffering in which even one's enemies rejoice to be more unbearable than death itself.
श्रियं जानीत धर्मस्य मूलं सर्वसुखस्य च। सा भीरूणां परान्याति शूरस्तामधिगच्छति ॥१२-१०१-३७॥
śriyaṃ jānīta dharmasya mūlaṃ sarvasukhasya ca। sā bhīrūṇāṃ parānyāti śūras tām adhigacchati ॥12-101-37॥
[श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity; जानीत (jānīta) - should know; धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; मूलम् (mūlam) - root; सर्वसुखस्य (sarvasukhasya) - of all happiness; च (ca) - and; सा (sā) - she; भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful; परान् (parān) - others; याति (yāti) - goes; शूरः (śūraḥ) - the brave; ताम् (tām) - her; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains;]
(One should know prosperity as the root of dharma and of all happiness; she goes to others who are fearful, but the brave attains her.)
Prosperity should be understood as the foundation of dharma and all happiness; she deserts the fearful and is attained by the brave.
ते वयं स्वर्गमिच्छन्तः सङ्ग्रामे त्यक्तजीविताः। जयन्तो वध्यमाना वा प्राप्तुमर्हाम सद्गतिम् ॥१२-१०१-३८॥
te vayaṃ svargamicchantaḥ saṅgrāme tyaktajīvitāḥ। jayanto vadhyamānā vā prāptumarhāma sadgatim ॥12-101-38॥
[ते (te) - they; वयम् (vayam) - we; स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven; इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - desiring; सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle; त्यक्तजीविताः (tyaktajīvitāḥ) - having abandoned life; जयन्तः (jayantaḥ) - conquering; वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain; वा (vā) - or; प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to attain; अर्हाम (arhāma) - we deserve; सद्गतिम् (sadgatim) - good state;]
(They we heaven desiring in battle having abandoned life conquering being slain or to attain we deserve good state.)
We, desiring heaven, having abandoned our lives in battle, whether conquering or being slain, deserve to attain a good state.
एवं संशप्तशपथाः समभित्यक्तजीविताः। अमित्रवाहिनीं वीराः सम्प्रगाहन्त्यभीरवः ॥१२-१०१-३९॥
evaṃ saṃśaptaśapathāḥ samabhityaktajīvitāḥ। amitravāhinīṃ vīrāḥ sampragāhantyabhīravāḥ ॥12-101-39॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; संशप्तशपथाः (saṃśaptaśapathāḥ) - having taken a solemn vow; समभित्यक्तजीविताः (samabhityaktajīvitāḥ) - having completely abandoned life; अमित्रवाहिनीं (amitravāhinīm) - enemy army; वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes; सम्प्रगाहन्ति (sampragāhanti) - plunge into; अभीरवः (abhīravāḥ) - without fear;]
(Thus, having taken a solemn vow and having completely abandoned life, the heroes, without fear, plunge into the enemy army.)
Thus, the heroes, having sworn a solemn oath and given up concern for their lives, fearlessly charge into the enemy ranks.
अग्रतः पुरुषानीकमसिचर्मवतां भवेत्। पृष्ठतः शकटानीकं कलत्रं मध्यतस्तथा ॥१२-१०१-४०॥
agrataḥ puruṣānīkam asicarmavatāṃ bhavet। pṛṣṭhataḥ śakaṭānīkaṃ kalatraṃ madhyatastathā ॥12-101-40॥
[अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the front; पुरुष-आनीकम् (puruṣa-ānikam) - men-army; असि-चर्मवताम् (asi-carmavatām) - of those having swords and shields; भवेत् (bhavet) - should be; पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the rear; शकट-आनीकम् (śakaṭa-ānikam) - cart-army; कलत्रम् (kalatram) - women; मध्यतः (madhyataḥ) - in the middle; तथा (tathā) - so; ॥१२-१०१-४०॥ (॥12-101-40॥) - ;]
(At the front should be the army of men having swords and shields; at the rear, the army of carts; women in the middle so.)
At the front, there should be the army of men equipped with swords and shields; at the rear, the army of carts; and the women should be placed in the middle in this way.
परेषां प्रतिघातार्थं पदातीनां च गूहनम्। अपि ह्यस्मिन्परे गृद्धा भवेयुर्ये पुरोगमाः ॥१२-१०१-४१॥
pareṣāṃ pratighātārthaṃ padātīnāṃ ca gūhanam। api hyasmin pare gṛddhā bhaveyur ye purogamāḥ ॥12-101-41॥
[परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others; of the enemies; प्रतिघात-अर्थम् (pratighāta-artham) - for the purpose of resistance; पदातीनाम् (padātīnām) - of the infantry; च (ca) - and; गूहनम् (gūhanam) - concealment; hiding; अपि (api) - even; also; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this; परे (pare) - the others; the enemies; गृद्धाः (gṛddhāḥ) - greedy; desirous; भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - may become; ये (ye) - who; पुरोगमाः (purogamāḥ) - leaders; those who go in front;]
(For the purpose of resistance against others and for the concealment of the infantry, even in this, the others who are greedy may become those who go in front.)
For resisting the enemy and concealing the infantry, it may happen here that those who are greedy among the enemy become the leaders.
ये पुरस्तादभिमताः सत्त्ववन्तो मनस्विनः। ते पूर्वमभिवर्तेरंस्तानन्वगितरे जनाः ॥१२-१०१-४२॥
ye purastād abhimatāḥ sattvavanto manasvinaḥ। te pūrvam abhivarteraṃs tān anv agītare janāḥ ॥12-101-42॥
[ये (ye) - who; (plural masculine nominative) पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly; अभिमताः (abhimatāḥ) - esteemed; desired; approved; सत्त्ववन्तः (sattvavantaḥ) - possessing strength; endowed with courage; मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - high-minded; spirited; ते (te) - they; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; earlier; अभिवर्तेरन् (abhivarteran) - surpassed; excelled; तान् (tān) - them; अनु (anu) - after; following; अगितरे (agītare) - came after; followed; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; men;]
(Who formerly were esteemed, possessing strength and high-mindedness, they before excelled them; after (them), other people followed.)
Those who were once esteemed for their strength and high-mindedness excelled before; after them, other people followed.
अपि चोद्धर्षणं कार्यं भीरूणामपि यत्नतः। स्कन्धदर्शनमात्रं तु तिष्ठेयुर्वा समीपतः ॥१२-१०१-४३॥
api coddharṣaṇaṃ kāryaṃ bhīrūṇām api yatnataḥ। skandhadarśanamātraṃ tu tiṣṭheyur vā samīpataḥ ॥12-101-43॥
[अपि (api) - even; च (ca) - and; उद्धर्षणम् (uddharṣaṇam) - incitement; कार्यं (kāryam) - should be done; भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful; अपि (api) - even; यत्नतः (yatnataḥ) - with effort; स्कन्धदर्शनमात्रम् (skandhadarśanamātram) - mere sight of the army; तु (tu) - but; तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuḥ) - they may stand; वा (vā) - or; समीपतः (samīpataḥ) - near;]
(Even incitement should be done for the fearful with effort; but by mere sight of the army, they may stand near.)
Even those who are fearful should be incited with effort; but by the mere sight of the army, they may stand nearby.
संहतान्योधयेदल्पान्कामं विस्तारयेद्बहून्। सूचीमुखमनीकं स्यादल्पानां बहुभिः सह ॥१२-१०१-४४॥
saṃhatānyodhayedalpānkāmaṃ vistārayedbahūn। sūcīmukhamanīkaṃ syādalpānāṃ bahubhiḥ saha ॥12-101-44॥
[संहतानि (saṃhatāni) - united ones; योधयेत् (yodhayet) - should make fight; अल्पान् (alpān) - few; कामम् (kāmam) - as desired; विस्तारयेत् (vistārayet) - should extend; बहून् (bahūn) - many; सूचीमुखम् (sūcīmukham) - needle-pointed (formation); अनीकं (anīkam) - array; स्यात् (syāt) - should be; अल्पानाम् (alpānām) - of the few; बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with the many; सह (saha) - together;]
(The united ones should make the few fight as desired; should extend the many. The array of the few together with the many should be needle-pointed.)
The united should make the few fight as needed and extend the many. The formation of the few with the many should be like a needle-pointed array.
सम्प्रयुद्धे प्रहृष्टे वा सत्यं वा यदि वानृतम्। प्रगृह्य बाहून्क्रोशेत भग्ना भग्नाः परा इति ॥१२-१०१-४५॥
samprayuddhe prahṛṣṭe vā satyaṃ vā yadi vā'nṛtam। pragṛhya bāhūn krośet bhagnā bhagnāḥ parā iti॥12-101-45॥
[सम्प्रयुद्धे (samprayuddhe) - in battle; प्रहृष्टे (prahṛṣṭe) - rejoicing; वा (vā) - or; सत्यं (satyaṃ) - truth; वा (vā) - or; यदि (yadi) - if; वा (vā) - or; अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood; प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized; बाहून् (bāhūn) - arms; क्रोशेत् (krośet) - should cry out; भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken; भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken; परा (parā) - defeated; इति (iti) - thus;]
(In battle, rejoicing, or truth or if falsehood, having seized the arms, one should cry out: 'Broken! Broken! Defeated!' thus.)
Whether in battle or in joy, whether truth or falsehood, one should seize the arms and cry out: 'Broken! Broken! Defeated!'
आगतं नो मित्रबलं प्रहरध्वमभीतवत्। शब्दवन्तोऽनुधावेयुः कुर्वन्तो भैरवं रवम् ॥१२-१०१-४६॥
āgataṃ no mitrabalaṃ praharadhvam abhītavat। śabdavanto'nudhāveyuḥ kurvanto bhairavaṃ ravam ॥12-101-46॥
[आगतं (āgatam) - arrived; come; reached; नः (naḥ) - our; to us; मित्रबलम् (mitrabalam) - friend-force; allied army; प्रहरध्वम् (praharadhvam) - strike; attack; अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - like the fearless; as if unafraid; शब्दवन्तः (śabdavantaḥ) - those making sound; noisy ones; अनुधावेयुः (anudhāveyuḥ) - should pursue; should chase; कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - making; doing; भैरवम् (bhairavam) - terrible; frightening; रवम् (ravam) - sound; roar;]
(Arrived our allied army; strike like the fearless. Those making sound should pursue, making a terrible roar.)
Our allied army has arrived; attack as if fearless. Let those who are making noise pursue, creating a terrible roar.
क्ष्वेडाः किलकिलाः शङ्खाः क्रकचा गोविषाणिकान्। भेरीमृदङ्गपणवान्नादयेयुश्च कुञ्जरान् ॥१२-१०१-४७॥
kṣveḍāḥ kilakilāḥ śaṅkhāḥ krakacā goviṣāṇikān| bherīmṛdaṅgapaṇavānnādayeyuśca kuñjarān ॥12-101-47॥
[क्ष्वेडाः (kṣveḍāḥ) - trumpetings; (of elephants); किलकिलाः (kilakilāḥ) - shrill cries; (of elephants); शङ्खाः (śaṅkhāḥ) - conch-shells; (plural); क्रकचा (krakacā) - rasping sounds; (of saws or similar); गोविषाणिकान् (goviṣāṇikān) - ox-horn blowers; (accusative plural); भेरी (bherī) - large drums; मृदङ्ग (mṛdaṅga) - mridanga drums; पणवान् (paṇavān) - panava drums; नादयेयुः (nādayeyuḥ) - would sound; (causative, optative, 3rd person plural); च (ca) - and; कुञ्जरान् (kuñjarān) - elephants; (accusative plural);]
(Trumpetings, shrill cries, conch-shells, rasping sounds, ox-horn blowers, large drums, mridanga drums, panava drums would sound, and elephants.)
The trumpetings, shrill cries, conch-shells, rasping sounds, ox-horn blowers, large drums, mridanga drums, and panava drums resounded, and so did the elephants.
