12.102
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
किंशीलाः किंसमुत्थानाः कथंरूपाश्च भारत। किंसंनाहाः कथंशस्त्रा जनाः स्युः संयुगे नृप ॥१२-१०२-१॥
kiṃśīlāḥ kiṃsamutthānāḥ kathaṃrūpāś ca bhārata। kiṃsaṃnāhāḥ kathaṃśastrā janāḥ syuḥ saṃyuge nṛpa ॥12-102-1॥
[किं-शीलाः (kiṃ-śīlāḥ) - what-charactered; किं-समुत्थानाः (kiṃ-samutthānāḥ) - what-originated; कथं-रूपाः (kathaṃ-rūpāḥ) - how-formed; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; किं-संनाहाः (kiṃ-saṃnāhāḥ) - what-armored; कथं-शस्त्राः (kathaṃ-śastrāḥ) - how-weaponed; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; स्युः (syuḥ) - would be; संयुगे (saṃyuge) - in battle; नृप (nṛpa) - O king;]
(What-charactered, what-originated, how-formed and, O Bhārata, what-armored, how-weaponed people would be in battle, O king?)
O Bhārata, what kind of people, of what character, origin, form, armor, and weapons, would be present in battle, O king?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac' - to speak);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
यथाचरितमेवात्र शस्त्रपत्रं विधीयते। आचारादेव पुरुषस्तथा कर्मसु वर्तते ॥१२-१०२-२॥
yathācaritamevātra śastrapatraṃ vidhīyate। ācārādeva puruṣastathā karmasu vartate ॥12-102-2॥
[यथा (yathā) - just as; आचरितम् (ācaritam) - conducted; एव (eva) - indeed; अत्र (atra) - here; शस्त्रपत्रम् (śastrapatram) - scriptural text; विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed; आचारात् (ācārāt) - from conduct; एव (eva) - indeed; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; तथा (tathā) - so; कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions; वर्तते (vartate) - acts;]
(Just as conduct alone here is what the scriptural text prescribes, so indeed a person acts in actions according to conduct.)
As conduct is established here as the scriptural rule, so a person acts in accordance with conduct in all actions.
गान्धाराः सिन्धुसौवीरा नखरप्रासयोधिनः। आभीरवः सुबलिनस्तद्बलं सर्वपारगम् ॥१२-१०२-३॥
gāndhārāḥ sindhusauvīrā nakharaprāsayodhinaḥ। ābhīravaḥ subalinastadbalaṃ sarvapāragam ॥12-102-3॥
[गान्धाराः (gāndhārāḥ) - the Gandharas; सिन्धुसौवीराः (sindhusauvīrāḥ) - the Sindhus and Sauvīras; नखरप्रासयोधिनः (nakharaprāsayodhinaḥ) - warriors wielding clawed weapons; आभीरवः (ābhīravaḥ) - the Ābhīras; सुबलिनः (subalinaḥ) - very strong ones; तत् (tat) - that; बलम् (balam) - army; सर्वपारगम् (sarvapāragam) - capable of crossing all (obstacles);]
(The Gandharas, Sindhus, Sauvīras, warriors wielding clawed weapons, the Ābhīras, the very strong ones—that army capable of crossing all (obstacles).)
The Gandharas, Sindhus, Sauvīras, warriors with clawed weapons, the Ābhīras, and the mighty ones—all these made up that army capable of overcoming every obstacle.
सर्वशस्त्रेषु कुशलाः सत्त्ववन्तो ह्युशीनराः। प्राच्या मातङ्गयुद्धेषु कुशलाः शठयोधिनः ॥१२-१०२-४॥
sarvaśastreṣu kuśalāḥ sattvavanto hyuśīnarāḥ। prācyā mātaṅgayuddheṣu kuśalāḥ śaṭhayodhinaḥ॥12-102-4॥
[सर्वशस्त्रेषु (sarvaśastreṣu) - in all weapons; कुशलाः (kuśalāḥ) - skilled; सत्त्ववन्तः (sattvavantaḥ) - possessing courage; हि (hi) - indeed; उशीनराः (uśīnarāḥ) - the Uśīnaras; प्राच्या (prācyā) - the easterners; मातङ्गयुद्धेषु (mātaṅgayuddheṣu) - in elephant battles; कुशलाः (kuśalāḥ) - skilled; शठयोधिनः (śaṭhayodhinaḥ) - deceitful warriors;]
(In all weapons skilled, possessing courage indeed the Uśīnaras. The easterners in elephant battles skilled, deceitful warriors.)
The Uśīnaras are indeed courageous and skilled in all weapons. The easterners are skilled in elephant warfare and are cunning warriors.
तथा यवनकाम्बोजा मथुरामभितश्च ये। एते नियुद्धकुशला दाक्षिणात्यासिचर्मिणः ॥१२-१०२-५॥
tathā yavanakāmbojā mathurām abhitaś ca ye। ete niyuddhakuśalā dākṣiṇātyāsicarmiṇaḥ ॥12-102-5॥
[तथा (tathā) - in that manner; यवन (yavana) - Yavana (Greek or Ionian people); काम्बोजा (kāmbojā) - Kamboja (a tribe); मथुराम् (mathurām) - Mathurā (city); अभितः (abhitaḥ) - around; च (ca) - and; ये (ye) - those who; एते (ete) - these; नियुद्ध (niyuddha) - combat; कुशला (kuśalā) - skilled; दाक्षिणात्य (dākṣiṇātya) - southern; असि (asi) - sword; चर्मिणः (carmiṇaḥ) - armored (with hide);]
(In that manner, the Yavanas and Kambojas, and those around Mathurā, these skilled in combat, southerners, sword-bearing, armored (with hide).)
Likewise, the Yavanas and Kambojas, and those around Mathurā—these are skilled in combat, southerners, armed with swords and hide armor.
सर्वत्र शूरा जायन्ते महासत्त्वा महाबलाः। प्राय एष समुद्दिष्टो लक्षणानि तु मे शृणु ॥१२-१०२-६॥
sarvatra śūrā jāyante mahāsattvā mahābalāḥ। prāya eṣa samuddiṣṭo lakṣaṇāni tu me śṛṇu ॥12-102-6॥
[सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes; जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born; महासत्त्वाः (mahāsattvāḥ) - great beings; महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - of great strength; प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; समुद्दिष्टः (samuddiṣṭaḥ) - is indicated; लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - characteristics; तु (tu) - but; मे (me) - to me; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen; ॥१२-१०२-६॥ (॥12-102-6॥) - ;]
(Everywhere heroes are born, great beings of great strength. Generally, this is indicated; but listen to the characteristics from me.)
Heroes of great strength and spirit are born everywhere. Generally, this is the indication; but now listen to the characteristics from me.
सिंहशार्दूलवाङ्नेत्राः सिंहशार्दूलगामिनः। पारावतकुलिङ्गाक्षाः सर्वे शूराः प्रमाथिनः ॥१२-१०२-७॥
siṃhaśārdūlavāṅnetrāḥ siṃhaśārdūlagāminaḥ। pārāvatakuliṅgākṣāḥ sarve śūrāḥ pramāthinaḥ ॥12-102-7॥
[सिंह (siṃha) - lion; शार्दूल (śārdūla) - tiger; वाक् (vāk) - speech; नेत्राः (netrāḥ) - having eyes; सिंह (siṃha) - lion; शार्दूल (śārdūla) - tiger; गामिनः (gāminaḥ) - moving like; पारावत (pārāvata) - pigeon; कुलिङ्ग (kuliṅga) - waterfowl; अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - having eyes; सर्वे (sarve) - all; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes; प्रमाथिनः (pramāthinaḥ) - destroyers;]
(Having the eyes of a lion, tiger, and speech; moving like a lion and tiger; having the eyes of a pigeon and waterfowl; all are heroes, destroyers.)
They have the eyes and speech of lions and tigers, move like lions and tigers, and have the eyes of pigeons and waterfowl; all are valiant and fierce warriors.
मृगस्वरा द्वीपिनेत्रा ऋषभाक्षास्तथापरे। प्रवादिनः सुचण्डाश्च क्रोधिनः किंनरीस्वनाः ॥१२-१०२-८॥
mṛgasvarā dvīpinetrā ṛṣabhākṣās tathāpare। pravādinaḥ sucaṇḍāś ca krodhinaḥ kiṃnarīsvanāḥ ॥12-102-8॥
[मृगस्वरा (mṛgasvarā) - having voices like deer; द्वीपिनेत्रा (dvīpinetrā) - having eyes like tigers; ऋषभाक्षाः (ṛṣabhākṣāḥ) - having eyes like bulls; तथा (tathā) - thus; अपरे (apare) - others; प्रवादिनः (pravādinaḥ) - speaking much; सुचण्डाः (sucaṇḍāḥ) - very fierce; च (ca) - and; क्रोधिनः (krodhinaḥ) - angry; किंनरीस्वनाः (kiṃnarīsvanāḥ) - having voices like kinnaris;]
(Having voices like deer, having eyes like tigers, having eyes like bulls, thus others; speaking much, very fierce and angry, having voices like kinnaris.)
Some had voices like deer, some had eyes like tigers, some had eyes like bulls, and others were talkative, very fierce, angry, and had voices like kinnaris.
मेघस्वनाः क्रुद्धमुखाः केचित्करभनिस्वनाः। जिह्मनासानुजङ्घाश्च दूरगा दूरपातिनः ॥१२-१०२-९॥
meghasvanāḥ kruddhamukhāḥ kecit karabhanisvanāḥ। jihmanāsānujanghāś ca dūragā dūrapātinaḥ ॥12-102-9॥
[मेघस्वनाः (meghasvanāḥ) - cloud-sounding; (those who have the sound of clouds;) क्रुद्धमुखाः (kruddhamukhāḥ) - angry-faced; (those whose faces are angry;) केचित् (kecit) - some; (certain ones;) करभनिस्वनाः (karabhanisvanāḥ) - trumpet-sounding; (those who have the sound of an elephant's trumpet;) जिह्मनासानुजङ्घाः (jihmanāsānujanghāḥ) - with crooked noses and thighs; (those whose noses and thighs are crooked;) च (ca) - and; दूरगा (dūragā) - far-going; (those who go far;) दूरपातिनः (dūrapātinaḥ) - far-falling; (those who fall far;]
(Cloud-sounding, angry-faced, some trumpet-sounding, with crooked noses and thighs, and far-going, far-falling.)
Some had voices like clouds, some had angry faces, some sounded like trumpeting elephants; some had crooked noses and thighs, and some could go far and fall at a distance.
बिडालकुब्जास्तनवस्तनुकेशास्तनुत्वचः। शूराश्चपलचित्ताश्च ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥१२-१०२-१०॥
biḍālakubjāstanavastanukeśāstanutvacaḥ। śūrāścapalacittāśca te bhavanti durāsadāḥ ॥12-102-10॥
[बिडाल (biḍāla) - cat; कुब्जाः (kubjāḥ) - hunchbacked ones; तनवः (tanavaḥ) - thin ones; तनुकेशाः (tanukeśāḥ) - having scanty hair; तनुत्वचः (tanutvacaḥ) - having thin skin; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones; च (ca) - and; चपलचित्ताः (capalacittāḥ) - fickle-minded ones; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach;]
(Cats, hunchbacked ones, thin ones, those with scanty hair, those with thin skin, brave ones, and fickle-minded ones—they become difficult to approach.)
Cats, hunchbacks, the thin, those with scanty hair, those with thin skin, the brave, and the fickle-minded are all difficult to approach.
गोधानिमीलिताः केचिन्मृदुप्रकृतयोऽपि च। तुरङ्गगतिनिर्घोषास्ते नराः पारयिष्णवः ॥१२-१०२-११॥
godhānimīlitāḥ kecin mṛduprakṛtayo'pi ca। turaṅgagatinirghoṣās te narāḥ pārayiṣṇavaḥ ॥12-102-11॥
[गोधानिमीलिताः (godhānimīlitāḥ) - with eyes closed like cows; केचित् (kecit) - some; मृदुप्रकृतयः (mṛduprakṛtayaḥ) - of gentle nature; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; तुरङ्गगतिनिर्घोषाः (turaṅgagatinirghoṣāḥ) - with the sound of horse's movement; ते (te) - those; नराः (narāḥ) - men; पारयिष्णवः (pārayiṣṇavaḥ) - desirous to cross;]
(With eyes closed like cows, some, of gentle nature, also and, with the sound of horse's movement, those men, desirous to cross.)
Some men, gentle by nature, closed their eyes like cows; yet, with the sound of the horses' movement, those men were eager to cross.
सुसंहताः प्रतनवो व्यूढोरस्काः सुसंस्थिताः। प्रवादितेन नृत्यन्ति हृष्यन्ति कलहेषु च ॥१२-१०२-१२॥
susaṁhatāḥ pratanavo vyūḍhoraskāḥ susaṁsthitāḥ। pravāditena nṛtyanti hṛṣyanti kalaheṣu ca ॥12-102-12॥
[सुसंहताः (susaṁhatāḥ) - well-joined; प्रतनवः (pratanavaḥ) - slender-bodied; व्यूढोरस्काः (vyūḍhoraskāḥ) - broad-chested; सुसंस्थिताः (susaṁsthitāḥ) - well-settled; प्रवादितेन (pravāditena) - by the signal; नृत्यन्ति (nṛtyanti) - they dance; हृष्यन्ति (hṛṣyanti) - they rejoice; कलहेषु (kalaheṣu) - in battles; च (ca) - and;]
(Well-joined, slender-bodied, broad-chested, well-settled, at the signal they dance, they rejoice in battles and.)
They are well-joined, slender-bodied, broad-chested, and well-settled; at the signal, they dance and rejoice in battles.
गम्भीराक्षा निःसृताक्षाः पिङ्गला भ्रुकुटीमुखाः। नकुलाक्षास्तथा चैव सर्वे शूरास्तनुत्यजः ॥१२-१०२-१३॥
gambhīrākṣā niḥsṛtākṣāḥ piṅgalā bhrukuṭīmukhāḥ। nakulākṣās tathā caiva sarve śūrās tanut-yajaḥ ॥12-102-13॥
[गम्भीराक्षाः (gambhīrākṣāḥ) - deep-eyed; निःसृताक्षाः (niḥsṛtākṣāḥ) - with protruding eyes; पिङ्गलाः (piṅgalāḥ) - tawny-eyed; भ्रुकुटीमुखाः (bhrukuṭīmukhāḥ) - with frowning faces; नकुलाक्षाः (nakulākṣāḥ) - mongoose-eyed; तथा (tathā) - likewise; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सर्वे (sarve) - all; शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes; तनुत्यजः (tanut-yajaḥ) - body-abandoners (those who give up their bodies);]
(Deep-eyed, with protruding eyes, tawny-eyed, with frowning faces, mongoose-eyed, likewise and indeed all heroes, body-abandoners.)
All the heroes, with deep eyes, protruding or tawny eyes, frowning faces, and mongoose-like eyes, were ready to give up their bodies in battle.
जिह्माक्षाः प्रललाटाश्च निर्मांसहनवोऽपि च। वक्रबाह्वङ्गुलीसक्ताः कृशा धमनिसन्तताः ॥१२-१०२-१४॥
jihmākṣāḥ pralalāṭāś ca nirmāṃsahanavo'pi ca। vakrabāhvaṅgulīsaktāḥ kṛśā dhamanisantatāḥ॥12-102-14॥
[जिह्माक्षाः (jihmākṣāḥ) - crooked-eyed; प्रललाटाः (pralalāṭāḥ) - with prominent foreheads; च (ca) - and; निर्मांसहनवः (nirmāṃsahanavaḥ) - with fleshless jaws; अपि (api) - also; च (ca) - and; वक्रबाह्वङ्गुलीसक्ताः (vakrabāhvaṅgulīsaktāḥ) - with crooked arms and fingers; कृशाः (kṛśāḥ) - emaciated; धमनिसन्तताः (dhamanisantatāḥ) - with veins visible;]
(Crooked-eyed, with prominent foreheads and fleshless jaws also, and with crooked arms and fingers, emaciated, with veins visible.)
They were crooked-eyed, with prominent foreheads, fleshless jaws, crooked arms and fingers, emaciated, and their veins were visible.
प्रविशन्त्यतिवेगेन सम्परायेऽभ्युपस्थिते। वारणा इव संमत्तास्ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥१२-१०२-१५॥
praviśantyativegena samparāye'bhyupasthite. vāraṇā iva saṃmattāste bhavanti durāsadāḥ ॥12-102-15॥
[प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - enter; अति-वेगेन (ati-vegena) - with excessive speed; सम्पराये (samparāye) - in battle; अभ्युपस्थिते (abhyupasthite) - when arrived; वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants; इव (iva) - like; संमत्ताः (saṃmattāḥ) - intoxicated; ते (te) - they; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become; दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - difficult to approach;]
(They enter with excessive speed when battle has arrived; like intoxicated elephants, they become difficult to approach.)
When the battle has arrived, they rush in with great speed; like intoxicated elephants, they become impossible to approach.
दीप्तस्फुटितकेशान्ताः स्थूलपार्श्वहनूमुखाः। उन्नतांसाः पृथुग्रीवा विकटाः स्थूलपिण्डिकाः ॥१२-१०२-१६॥
dīptasphuṭitakeśāntāḥ sthūlapārśvahanūmukhāḥ। unnātāṃsāḥ pṛthugrīvā vikaṭāḥ sthūlapiṇḍikāḥ ॥12-102-16॥
[दीप्त (dīpta) - shining; स्फुटित (sphuṭita) - burst forth; केशान्ताः (keśāntāḥ) - with hair-ends; स्थूल (sthūla) - thick; पार्श्व (pārśva) - side; हनू (hanū) - jaw; मुखाः (mukhāḥ) - faces; उन्नत (unnata) - elevated; अंसाः (aṃsāḥ) - shoulders; पृथु (pṛthu) - broad; ग्रीवा (grīvā) - necks; विकटाः (vikaṭāḥ) - monstrous; स्थूल (sthūla) - thick; पिण्डिकाः (piṇḍikāḥ) - muscles;]
(Shining, burst-forth hair-ends, thick-sided, jaw-faced, elevated shoulders, broad necks, monstrous, thick muscles.)
They had shining, bristling hair-ends, thick sides, faces with large jaws, raised shoulders, broad necks, monstrous forms, and thick muscles.
उद्वृत्ताश्चैव सुग्रीवा विनता विहगा इव। पिण्डशीर्षाहिवक्त्राश्च वृषदंशमुखा इव ॥१२-१०२-१७॥
udvṛttāścaiva sugrīvā vinatā vihagā iva। piṇḍaśīrṣāhivaktrāśca vṛṣadaṃśamukhā iva ॥12-102-17॥
[उद्वृत्ताः (udvṛttāḥ) - upraised; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सुग्रीवाः (sugrīvāḥ) - with beautiful necks; विनताः (vinatāḥ) - bent; विहगाः (vihagāḥ) - birds; इव (iva) - like; पिण्डशीर्षाः (piṇḍaśīrṣāḥ) - with round heads; अहिवक्त्राः (ahivaktrāḥ) - with serpent mouths; च (ca) - and; वृषदंशमुखाः (vṛṣadaṃśamukhāḥ) - with faces like hornets; इव (iva) - like;]
(Uprised and indeed with beautiful necks, bent like birds; with round heads and serpent mouths, and with faces like hornets.)
They were upraised, with beautiful necks, bent like birds; with round heads and serpent-like mouths, and faces resembling hornets.
उग्रस्वना मन्युमन्तो युद्धेष्वारावसारिणः। अधर्मज्ञावलिप्ताश्च घोरा रौद्रप्रदर्शिनः ॥१२-१०२-१८॥
ugrasvanā manyumanto yuddheṣvārāvasāriṇaḥ। adharmajñāvaliptāśca ghorā raudrapradarśinaḥ ॥12-102-18॥
[उग्रस्वनाः (ugrasvanāḥ) - having fierce sound; मन्युमन्तः (manyumantaḥ) - possessed of anger; युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles; आरावसारिणः (ārāvasāriṇaḥ) - uttering loud shouts; अधर्मज्ञाः (adharmajñāḥ) - ignorant of righteousness; अवलिप्ताः (avaliptāḥ) - arrogant; च (ca) - and; घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible; रौद्रप्रदर्शिनः (raudrapradarśinaḥ) - displaying ferocity;]
(Having fierce sound, possessed of anger, in battles uttering loud shouts, ignorant of righteousness, arrogant and terrible, displaying ferocity.)
They are fierce-voiced, wrathful, shouting loudly in battle, ignorant of righteousness, arrogant, terrible, and display ferocity.
त्यक्तात्मानः सर्व एते अन्त्यजा ह्यनिवर्तिनः। पुरस्कार्याः सदा सैन्ये हन्यन्ते घ्नन्ति चापि ते ॥१२-१०२-१९॥
tyaktātmānaḥ sarva ete antyajā hyanivartinaḥ। puraskāryāḥ sadā sainye hanyante ghnanti cāpi te ॥12-102-19॥
[त्यक्तात्मानः (tyaktātmānaḥ) - having abandoned (their) selves; सर्व (sarva) - all; एते (ete) - these; अन्त्यजाः (antyajāḥ) - outcastes; हि (hi) - indeed; अनिवर्तिनः (anivartinaḥ) - not turning back; पुरस्कार्याः (puraskāryāḥ) - to be placed in front; सदा (sadā) - always; सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army; हन्यन्ते (hanyante) - are killed; घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; ते (te) - they;]
(Having abandoned (their) selves, all these outcastes indeed not turning back, to be placed in front always in the army, are killed, they kill and also they.)
All these outcastes, having abandoned their lives and never turning back, are always placed at the front in the army; they are killed and they also kill others.
अधार्मिका भिन्नवृत्ताः साध्वेवैषां पराभवः। एवमेव प्रकुप्यन्ति राज्ञोऽप्येते ह्यभीक्ष्णशः ॥१२-१०२-२०॥
adhārmikā bhinnavṛttāḥ sādhvevaiṣāṃ parābhavaḥ। evameva prakupyanti rājño'pyete hyabhīkṣṇaśaḥ ॥12-102-20॥
[अधार्मिका (adhārmikāḥ) - unrighteous ones; भिन्नवृत्ताः (bhinnavṛttāḥ) - of divided conduct; साधु (sādhu) - good; एव (eva) - indeed; एषाम् (eṣām) - of these; पराभवः (parābhavaḥ) - defeat; एवम् (evam) - thus; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रकुप्यन्ति (prakupyanti) - become very angry; राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king; अपि (api) - even; एते (ete) - these; हि (hi) - indeed; अभीक्ष्णशः (abhīkṣṇaśaḥ) - frequently;]
(Unrighteous ones, of divided conduct, indeed, for these, defeat; thus indeed, become very angry, of the king, even, these, indeed, frequently.)
For those who are unrighteous and of divided conduct, defeat is certain; in the same way, these people frequently become very angry even with the king.
