12.157
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
यतः प्रभवति क्रोधः कामश्च भरतर्षभ। शोकमोहौ विवित्सा च परासुत्वं तथा मदः ॥१२-१५७-१॥
yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmaś ca bharatarṣabha। śokamohau vivitsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ ॥12-157-1॥
[यतः (yataḥ) - from which; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; च (ca) - and; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas; शोकमोहौ (śokamohau) - sorrow and delusion; विवित्सा (vivitsā) - desire to know; च (ca) - and; परासुत्वं (parāsutvaṃ) - dependence on others; तथा (tathā) - also; मदः (madaḥ) - pride;]
(From which arises anger, desire, O best of the Bharatas, sorrow and delusion, desire to know, and dependence on others, also pride.)
O best of the Bharatas, from that arise anger, desire, sorrow and delusion, the urge to know, dependence on others, and pride.
लोभो मात्सर्यमीर्ष्या च कुत्सासूया कृपा तथा। एतत्सर्वं महाप्राज्ञ याथातथ्येन मे वद ॥१२-१५७-२॥
lobho mātsaryamīrṣyā ca kutsāsūyā kṛpā tathā। etatsarvaṃ mahāprājña yāthātathyena me vada ॥12-157-2॥
[लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed; मात्सर्यम् (mātsaryam) - envy; ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - jealousy; च (ca) - and; कुत्सा (kutsā) - contempt; असूया (asūyā) - malice; कृपा (kṛpā) - pity; तथा (tathā) - also; एतत् (etat) - this; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one; याथातथ्येन (yāthātathyena) - with factuality; मे (me) - to me; वद (vada) - speak; १२-१५७-२ (12-157-2) -;]
(Greed, envy, jealousy, and contempt, malice, pity also—this all, O greatly wise one, with factuality to me speak.)
O greatly wise one, please tell me factually about all these—greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, malice, and pity.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
त्रयोदशैतेऽतिबलाः शत्रवः प्राणिनां स्मृताः। उपासते महाराज समस्ताः पुरुषानिह ॥१२-१५७-३॥
trayodaśaite'tibalāḥ śatravaḥ prāṇināṃ smṛtāḥ। upāsate mahārāja samastāḥ puruṣāniha ॥12-157-3॥
[त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen; एते (ete) - these; अतिबलाः (atibalāḥ) - very powerful; शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies; प्राणिनां (prāṇinām) - of living beings; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered; उपासते (upāsate) - attend upon; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; समस्ताः (samastāḥ) - all; पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men; इह (iha) - here;]
(Thirteen these very powerful enemies of living beings are considered; attend upon, O great king, all men here.)
O great king, these thirteen very powerful enemies of living beings are said to beset all men here.
एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्ता नुदन्ति हि। वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्ट्वैव पुरुषेतरान् ॥१२-१५७-४॥
ete pramattaṃ puruṣamapramattā nudanti hi। vṛkā iva vilumpanti dṛṣṭvaiva puruṣetarán ॥12-157-4॥
[एते (ete) - these; प्रमत्तं (pramattaṃ) - negligent; पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man; अप्रमत्ताः (apramattāḥ) - the vigilant; नुदन्ति (nudanti) - drive away; हि (hi) - indeed; वृकाः (vṛkāḥ) - wolves; इव (iva) - like; विलुम्पन्ति (vilumpanti) - plunder; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; एव (eva) - just; पुरुषेतरान् (puruṣetarán) - other men;]
(These vigilant ones indeed drive away the negligent man; just as wolves, having seen, plunder other men.)
These vigilant people drive away the negligent man, just as wolves, upon seeing, plunder other men.
एभ्यः प्रवर्तते दुःखमेभ्यः पापं प्रवर्तते। इति मर्त्यो विजानीयात्सततं भरतर्षभ ॥१२-१५७-५॥
ebhyaḥ pravartate duḥkham ebhyaḥ pāpaṃ pravartate। iti martyo vijānīyāt satataṃ bharatarṣabha ॥12-157-5॥
[एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - arises; दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering; एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ) - from these; पापम् (pāpam) - sin; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - arises; इति (iti) - thus; मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal; विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - should know; सततम् (satatam) - always; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas;]
(From these arises suffering, from these arises sin. Thus a mortal should know always, O best of the Bharatas.)
O best of the Bharatas, always know that from these arise suffering and sin.
एतेषामुदयं स्थानं क्षयं च पुरुषोत्तम। हन्त ते वर्तयिष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१२-१५७-६॥
eteṣāmudayaṃ sthānaṃ kṣayaṃ ca puruṣottama। hanta te vartayiṣyāmi tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu ॥12-157-6॥
[एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these; उदयं (udayam) - rise; स्थानम् (sthānam) - place; क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decline; च (ca) - and; पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - O best of men; हन्त (hanta) - indeed; ते (te) - to you; वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall relate; तत् (tat) - that; मे (me) - to me; निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - as spoken; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(Of these, the rise, place, and decline, O best of men, indeed, to you I shall relate that as spoken to me; listen.)
O best of men, I shall tell you about the rise, place, and decline of these; listen to what has been told to me.
लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति परदोषैरुदीर्यते। क्षमया तिष्ठते राजञ्श्रीमांश्च विनिवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-७॥
lobhātkrodhaḥ prabhavati paradoṣairudīryate। kṣamayā tiṣṭhate rājañśrīmāṃśca vinivartate ॥12-157-7॥
[लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; परदोषैः (paradoṣaiḥ) - by the faults of others; उदीर्यते (udīryate) - is uttered; क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness; तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - remains; राजन् (rājan) - O king; श्रीमांश्च (śrīmāṃś ca) - and the prosperous one; विनिवर्तते (vinivartate) - turns away;]
(From greed, anger arises; by the faults of others, it is uttered. By forgiveness, O king, the prosperous one remains and turns away.)
O king, anger arises from greed and is expressed due to the faults of others. Through forgiveness, the prosperous one endures and withdraws.
सङ्कल्पाज्जायते कामः सेव्यमानो विवर्धते। अवद्यदर्शनाद्व्येति तत्त्वज्ञानाच्च धीमताम् ॥१२-१५७-८॥
saṅkalpājjāyate kāmaḥ sevyamāno vivardhate। avadyadarśanādvyeti tattvajñānācca dhīmatām ॥12-157-8॥
[सङ्कल्पात् (saṅkalpāt) - from intention; जायते (jāyate) - arises; कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire; सेव्यमानः (sevyamānaḥ) - being indulged; विवर्धते (vivardhate) - grows; अवद्यदर्शनात् (avadyadarśanāt) - from seeing blame; व्येति (vyeti) - ceases; तत्त्वज्ञानात् (tattvajñānāt) - from true knowledge; च (ca) - and; धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise;]
(From intention arises desire; being indulged, it grows; from seeing blame, it ceases; and from true knowledge, for the wise.)
Desire arises from intention; when indulged, it increases. It ceases by seeing its blame and, for the wise, through true knowledge.
विरुद्धानि हि शास्त्राणि पश्यन्तीहाल्पबुद्धयः। विवित्सा जायते तत्र तत्त्वज्ञानान्निवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-९॥
viruddhāni hi śāstrāṇi paśyantīhālpabuddhayaḥ। vivitsā jāyate tatra tattvajñānānnivartate ॥12-157-9॥
[विरुद्धानि (viruddhāni) - opposed; contradictory; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; शास्त्राणि (śāstrāṇi) - scriptures; treatises; पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - see; perceive; इह (iha) - here; in this context; अल्पबुद्धयः (alpabuddhayaḥ) - those of little understanding; of small intellect; विवित्सा (vivitsā) - desire to know; curiosity; जायते (jāyate) - arises; is born; तत्र (tatra) - there; in that; तत्त्वज्ञानात् (tattvajñānāt) - from true knowledge; from knowledge of reality; निवर्तते (nivartate) - ceases; turns away;]
(Contradictory indeed scriptures see here those of little understanding. Desire to know arises there; from true knowledge it ceases.)
Those of little understanding see the scriptures as contradictory here. There, the desire to know arises; from true knowledge, it ceases.
प्रीतेः शोकः प्रभवति वियोगात्तस्य देहिनः। यदा निरर्थकं वेत्ति तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१०॥
prīteḥ śokaḥ prabhavati viyogāttasya dehinaḥ। yadā nirarthakaṃ vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati ॥12-157-10॥
[प्रीतेः (prīteḥ) - of affection; शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; वियोगात् (viyogāt) - from separation; तस्य (tasya) - of him; देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied one; यदा (yadā) - when; निरर्थकं (nirarthakaṃ) - useless; वेत्ति (vetti) - knows; तदा (tadā) - then; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes;]
(Of affection, sorrow arises from separation of him, the embodied one. When (he) knows (it is) useless, then immediately (he) perishes.)
Sorrow arises from separation for one who is attached. When he realizes it is useless, he immediately perishes.
परासुता क्रोधलोभादभ्यासाच्च प्रवर्तते। दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदात्सा निवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-११॥
parāsutā krodhalobhādabhyāsācca pravartate. dayayā sarvabhūtānāṃ nirvedātsā nivartate ॥12-157-11॥
[परासुता (parāsutā) - born of others; (i.e., not one's own); क्रोध (krodha) - anger; लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed; अभ्यासात् (abhyāsāt) - from repetition; च (ca) - and; प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - arises; दयया (dayayā) - by compassion; सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings; निर्वेदात् (nirvedāt) - from dispassion; सा (sā) - she (it); निवर्तते (nivartate) - ceases;]
(Born of others, from anger, from greed, and from repetition, it arises. By compassion for all beings and from dispassion, she (it) ceases.)
That which is born of others arises from anger, greed, and repeated practice; by compassion for all beings and through dispassion, it ceases.
सत्त्वत्यागात्तु मात्सर्यमहितानि च सेवते। एतत्तु क्षीयते तात साधूनामुपसेवनात् ॥१२-१५७-१२॥
sattvatyāgāttu mātsaryamahitāni ca sevate। etattu kṣīyate tāta sādhūnāmupasevanāt ॥12-157-12॥
[सत्त्वत्यागात् (sattvatyāgāt) - from the abandonment of purity; तु (tu) - but; मात्सर्य (mātsarya) - envy; महितानि (mahitāni) - exalted things; च (ca) - and; सेवते (sevate) - associates with; एतत् (etat) - this; तु (tu) - but; क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - is destroyed; तात (tāta) - O dear one; साधूनाम् (sādhūnām) - of the virtuous; उपसेवनात् (upasevanāt) - from association with;]
(But from the abandonment of purity, one associates with envy and exalted things; this, O dear one, is destroyed by association with the virtuous.)
But when purity is abandoned, one becomes associated with envy and pride; however, O dear one, this is destroyed by associating with the virtuous.
कुलाज्ज्ञानात्तथैश्वर्यान्मदो भवति देहिनाम्। एभिरेव तु विज्ञातैर्मदः सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१३॥
kulājjñānāttathaiśvaryānmado bhavati dehinām। ebhireva tu vijñātairmadaḥ sadyaḥ praṇaśyati ॥12-157-13॥
[कुलात् (kulāt) - from family; ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - from knowledge; तथा (tathā) - and; ऐश्वर्यात् (aiśvaryāt) - from wealth; मदः (madaḥ) - pride; भवति (bhavati) - arises; देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of embodied beings; एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; विज्ञातैः (vijñātaiḥ) - by those who have understood; मदः (madaḥ) - pride; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - is destroyed;]
(From family, from knowledge, and from wealth, pride arises in embodied beings. But by these very things, when understood, pride is immediately destroyed.)
Pride arises in people from family, knowledge, and wealth. However, when these very things are truly understood, pride is instantly destroyed.
ईर्ष्या कामात्प्रभवति सङ्घर्षाच्चैव भारत। इतरेषां तु मर्त्यानां प्रज्ञया सा प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१४॥
īrṣyā kāmāt prabhavati saṅgharṣāc caiva bhārata। itareṣāṃ tu martyānāṃ prajñayā sā praṇaśyati ॥12-157-14॥
[ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - envy; कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire; प्रभवति (prabhavati) - arises; सङ्घर्षात् (saṅgharṣāt) - from conflict; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - of others; तु (tu) - but; मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals; प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom; सा (sā) - that (envy); प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - is destroyed;]
(Envy arises from desire and indeed from conflict, O Bhārata; but among other mortals, that (envy) is destroyed by wisdom.)
O Bhārata, envy arises from desire and also from conflict; but in other mortals, that envy is destroyed by wisdom.
विभ्रमाल्लोकबाह्यानां द्वेष्यैर्वाक्यैरसङ्गतैः। कुत्सा सञ्जायते राजन्नुपेक्षाभिः प्रशाम्यति ॥१२-१५७-१५॥
vibhramālloka-bāhyānāṃ dveṣyairvākyairasaṅgataiḥ। kutsā sañjāyate rājannupekṣābhiḥ praśāmyati ॥12-157-15॥
[विभ्रमात् (vibhramāt) - from confusion; लोकबाह्यानाम् (loka-bāhyānām) - of those outside society; द्वेष्यैः (dveṣyaiḥ) - by hateful; वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words; असङ्गतैः (asaṅgataiḥ) - irrelevant; कुत्सा (kutsā) - reproach; सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - arises; राजन् (rājan) - O king; उपेक्षाभिः (upekṣābhiḥ) - by disregard; प्रशाम्यति (praśāmyati) - is pacified;]
(From confusion, by the hateful and irrelevant words of those outside society, reproach arises, O king; by disregard, it is pacified.)
O king, reproach arises from the hateful and irrelevant words of outsiders due to confusion, but it is pacified by disregard.
प्रतिकर्तुमशक्याय बलस्थायापकारिणे। असूया जायते तीव्रा कारुण्याद्विनिवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-१६॥
pratikartumaśakyāya balasthāyāpakāriṇe। asūyā jāyate tīvrā kāruṇyādvinivartate ॥12-157-16॥
[प्रतिकर्तुम् (pratikartum) - to retaliate; (for the purpose of counteracting; अशक्याय (aśakyāya) - to the one who cannot be overcome; बलस्थाय (balasthāya) - to the one established in strength; अपकारिणे (apakāriṇe) - to the one who does harm; असूया (asūyā) - envy; जायते (jāyate) - arises; तीव्रा (tīvrā) - intense; कारुण्यात् (kāruṇyāt) - from compassion; विनिवर्तते (vinivartate) - withdraws;]
(To the one who cannot be overcome, who is established in strength, who does harm, envy arises intensely; from compassion, it withdraws.)
Intense envy arises towards one who is invincible, powerful, and harmful; compassion withdraws in such a case.
कृपणान्सततं दृष्ट्वा ततः सञ्जायते कृपा। धर्मनिष्ठां यदा वेत्ति तदा शाम्यति सा कृपा ॥१२-१५७-१७॥
kṛpaṇān satataṃ dṛṣṭvā tataḥ sañjāyate kṛpā। dharmaniṣṭhāṃ yadā vetti tadā śāmyati sā kṛpā ॥12-157-17॥
[कृपणान् (kṛpaṇān) - the miserable ones; सततम् (satatam) - always; दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen; ततः (tataḥ) - then; सञ्जायते (sañjāyate) - arises; कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion; धर्मनिष्ठाम् (dharmaniṣṭhām) - one established in dharma; यदा (yadā) - when; वेत्ति (vetti) - knows; तदा (tadā) - then; शाम्यति (śāmyati) - ceases; सा (sā) - that; कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion;]
(Having always seen the miserable ones, then compassion arises. When one knows one established in dharma, then that compassion ceases.)
Compassion always arises upon seeing the miserable, but when one recognizes someone established in dharma, that compassion ceases.
एतान्येव जितान्याहुः प्रशमाच्च त्रयोदश। एते हि धार्तराष्ट्राणां सर्वे दोषास्त्रयोदश ॥ त्वया सर्वात्मना नित्यं विजिता जेष्यसे च तान् ॥१२-१५७-१८॥
etānyeva jitānyāhuḥ praśamācca trayodaśa। ete hi dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ sarve doṣāstrayodaśa ॥ tvayā sarvātmanā nityaṃ vijitā jeṣyase ca tān ॥12-157-18॥
[एतानि (etāni) - these; (neuter plural) एव (eva) - indeed; only; जितानि (jitāni) - conquered; subdued; आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say; प्रशमात् (praśamāt) - from pacification; from tranquility; च (ca) - and; त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen; एते (ete) - these; (masculine plural) हि (hi) - indeed; धार्तराष्ट्राणां (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ) - of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; सर्वे (sarve) - all; दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults; defects; त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; सर्वात्मना (sarvātmanā) - with your whole being; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; विजिता (vijitā) - conquered; subdued; जेष्यसे (jeṣyase) - you will conquer; च (ca) - and; तान् (tān) - them; (masculine accusative plural);]
(These indeed are said to be conquered, and from tranquility, thirteen. These indeed are all the thirteen faults of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. By you, with your whole being, always conquered, and you will conquer them.)
These are indeed said to be conquered—thirteen arising from tranquility. These are all the thirteen faults of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. By you, with your whole being, they are always conquered, and you will conquer them.
