12.157
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
यतः प्रभवति क्रोधः कामश्च भरतर्षभ। शोकमोहौ विवित्सा च परासुत्वं तथा मदः ॥१२-१५७-१॥
O best of the Bharatas, from that arise anger, desire, sorrow and delusion, the urge to know, dependence on others, and pride.
लोभो मात्सर्यमीर्ष्या च कुत्सासूया कृपा तथा। एतत्सर्वं महाप्राज्ञ याथातथ्येन मे वद ॥१२-१५७-२॥
O greatly wise one, please tell me factually about all these—greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, malice, and pity.
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhīṣma said.
त्रयोदशैतेऽतिबलाः शत्रवः प्राणिनां स्मृताः। उपासते महाराज समस्ताः पुरुषानिह ॥१२-१५७-३॥
O great king, these thirteen very powerful enemies of living beings are said to beset all men here.
एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्ता नुदन्ति हि। वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्ट्वैव पुरुषेतरान् ॥१२-१५७-४॥
These vigilant people drive away the negligent man, just as wolves, upon seeing, plunder other men.
एभ्यः प्रवर्तते दुःखमेभ्यः पापं प्रवर्तते। इति मर्त्यो विजानीयात्सततं भरतर्षभ ॥१२-१५७-५॥
O best of the Bharatas, always know that from these arise suffering and sin.
एतेषामुदयं स्थानं क्षयं च पुरुषोत्तम। हन्त ते वर्तयिष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१२-१५७-६॥
O best of men, I shall tell you about the rise, place, and decline of these; listen to what has been told to me.
लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति परदोषैरुदीर्यते। क्षमया तिष्ठते राजञ्श्रीमांश्च विनिवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-७॥
O king, anger arises from greed and is expressed due to the faults of others. Through forgiveness, the prosperous one endures and withdraws.
सङ्कल्पाज्जायते कामः सेव्यमानो विवर्धते। अवद्यदर्शनाद्व्येति तत्त्वज्ञानाच्च धीमताम् ॥१२-१५७-८॥
Desire arises from intention; when indulged, it increases. It ceases by seeing its blame and, for the wise, through true knowledge.
विरुद्धानि हि शास्त्राणि पश्यन्तीहाल्पबुद्धयः। विवित्सा जायते तत्र तत्त्वज्ञानान्निवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-९॥
Those of little understanding see the scriptures as contradictory here. There, the desire to know arises; from true knowledge, it ceases.
प्रीतेः शोकः प्रभवति वियोगात्तस्य देहिनः। यदा निरर्थकं वेत्ति तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१०॥
Sorrow arises from separation for one who is attached. When he realizes it is useless, he immediately perishes.
परासुता क्रोधलोभादभ्यासाच्च प्रवर्तते। दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदात्सा निवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-११॥
That which is born of others arises from anger, greed, and repeated practice; by compassion for all beings and through dispassion, it ceases.
सत्त्वत्यागात्तु मात्सर्यमहितानि च सेवते। एतत्तु क्षीयते तात साधूनामुपसेवनात् ॥१२-१५७-१२॥
But when purity is abandoned, one becomes associated with envy and pride; however, O dear one, this is destroyed by associating with the virtuous.
कुलाज्ज्ञानात्तथैश्वर्यान्मदो भवति देहिनाम्। एभिरेव तु विज्ञातैर्मदः सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१३॥
Pride arises in people from family, knowledge, and wealth. However, when these very things are truly understood, pride is instantly destroyed.
ईर्ष्या कामात्प्रभवति सङ्घर्षाच्चैव भारत। इतरेषां तु मर्त्यानां प्रज्ञया सा प्रणश्यति ॥१२-१५७-१४॥
O Bhārata, envy arises from desire and also from conflict; but in other mortals, that envy is destroyed by wisdom.
विभ्रमाल्लोकबाह्यानां द्वेष्यैर्वाक्यैरसङ्गतैः। कुत्सा सञ्जायते राजन्नुपेक्षाभिः प्रशाम्यति ॥१२-१५७-१५॥
O king, reproach arises from the hateful and irrelevant words of outsiders due to confusion, but it is pacified by disregard.
प्रतिकर्तुमशक्याय बलस्थायापकारिणे। असूया जायते तीव्रा कारुण्याद्विनिवर्तते ॥१२-१५७-१६॥
Intense envy arises towards one who is invincible, powerful, and harmful; compassion withdraws in such a case.
कृपणान्सततं दृष्ट्वा ततः सञ्जायते कृपा। धर्मनिष्ठां यदा वेत्ति तदा शाम्यति सा कृपा ॥१२-१५७-१७॥
Compassion always arises upon seeing the miserable, but when one recognizes someone established in dharma, that compassion ceases.
एतान्येव जितान्याहुः प्रशमाच्च त्रयोदश। एते हि धार्तराष्ट्राणां सर्वे दोषास्त्रयोदश ॥ त्वया सर्वात्मना नित्यं विजिता जेष्यसे च तान् ॥१२-१५७-१८॥
These are indeed said to be conquered—thirteen arising from tranquility. These are all the thirteen faults of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. By you, with your whole being, they are always conquered, and you will conquer them.
