12.157
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmaś ca bharatarṣabha। śokamohau vivitsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ ॥12-157-1॥
O best of the Bharatas, from that arise anger, desire, sorrow and delusion, the urge to know, dependence on others, and pride.
lobho mātsaryamīrṣyā ca kutsāsūyā kṛpā tathā। etatsarvaṃ mahāprājña yāthātathyena me vada ॥12-157-2॥
O greatly wise one, please tell me factually about all these—greed, envy, jealousy, contempt, malice, and pity.
bhīṣma uvāca॥
Bhīṣma said.
trayodaśaite'tibalāḥ śatravaḥ prāṇināṃ smṛtāḥ। upāsate mahārāja samastāḥ puruṣāniha ॥12-157-3॥
O great king, these thirteen very powerful enemies of living beings are said to beset all men here.
ete pramattaṃ puruṣamapramattā nudanti hi। vṛkā iva vilumpanti dṛṣṭvaiva puruṣetarán ॥12-157-4॥
These vigilant people drive away the negligent man, just as wolves, upon seeing, plunder other men.
ebhyaḥ pravartate duḥkham ebhyaḥ pāpaṃ pravartate। iti martyo vijānīyāt satataṃ bharatarṣabha ॥12-157-5॥
O best of the Bharatas, always know that from these arise suffering and sin.
eteṣāmudayaṃ sthānaṃ kṣayaṃ ca puruṣottama। hanta te vartayiṣyāmi tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu ॥12-157-6॥
O best of men, I shall tell you about the rise, place, and decline of these; listen to what has been told to me.
lobhātkrodhaḥ prabhavati paradoṣairudīryate। kṣamayā tiṣṭhate rājañśrīmāṃśca vinivartate ॥12-157-7॥
O king, anger arises from greed and is expressed due to the faults of others. Through forgiveness, the prosperous one endures and withdraws.
saṅkalpājjāyate kāmaḥ sevyamāno vivardhate। avadyadarśanādvyeti tattvajñānācca dhīmatām ॥12-157-8॥
Desire arises from intention; when indulged, it increases. It ceases by seeing its blame and, for the wise, through true knowledge.
viruddhāni hi śāstrāṇi paśyantīhālpabuddhayaḥ। vivitsā jāyate tatra tattvajñānānnivartate ॥12-157-9॥
Those of little understanding see the scriptures as contradictory here. There, the desire to know arises; from true knowledge, it ceases.
prīteḥ śokaḥ prabhavati viyogāttasya dehinaḥ। yadā nirarthakaṃ vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati ॥12-157-10॥
Sorrow arises from separation for one who is attached. When he realizes it is useless, he immediately perishes.
parāsutā krodhalobhādabhyāsācca pravartate. dayayā sarvabhūtānāṃ nirvedātsā nivartate ॥12-157-11॥
That which is born of others arises from anger, greed, and repeated practice; by compassion for all beings and through dispassion, it ceases.
sattvatyāgāttu mātsaryamahitāni ca sevate। etattu kṣīyate tāta sādhūnāmupasevanāt ॥12-157-12॥
But when purity is abandoned, one becomes associated with envy and pride; however, O dear one, this is destroyed by associating with the virtuous.
kulājjñānāttathaiśvaryānmado bhavati dehinām। ebhireva tu vijñātairmadaḥ sadyaḥ praṇaśyati ॥12-157-13॥
Pride arises in people from family, knowledge, and wealth. However, when these very things are truly understood, pride is instantly destroyed.
īrṣyā kāmāt prabhavati saṅgharṣāc caiva bhārata। itareṣāṃ tu martyānāṃ prajñayā sā praṇaśyati ॥12-157-14॥
O Bhārata, envy arises from desire and also from conflict; but in other mortals, that envy is destroyed by wisdom.
vibhramālloka-bāhyānāṃ dveṣyairvākyairasaṅgataiḥ। kutsā sañjāyate rājannupekṣābhiḥ praśāmyati ॥12-157-15॥
O king, reproach arises from the hateful and irrelevant words of outsiders due to confusion, but it is pacified by disregard.
pratikartumaśakyāya balasthāyāpakāriṇe। asūyā jāyate tīvrā kāruṇyādvinivartate ॥12-157-16॥
Intense envy arises towards one who is invincible, powerful, and harmful; compassion withdraws in such a case.
kṛpaṇān satataṃ dṛṣṭvā tataḥ sañjāyate kṛpā। dharmaniṣṭhāṃ yadā vetti tadā śāmyati sā kṛpā ॥12-157-17॥
Compassion always arises upon seeing the miserable, but when one recognizes someone established in dharma, that compassion ceases.
etānyeva jitānyāhuḥ praśamācca trayodaśa। ete hi dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ sarve doṣāstrayodaśa ॥ tvayā sarvātmanā nityaṃ vijitā jeṣyase ca tān ॥12-157-18॥
These are indeed said to be conquered—thirteen arising from tranquility. These are all the thirteen faults of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. By you, with your whole being, they are always conquered, and you will conquer them.
