12.190
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
गतीनामुत्तमा प्राप्तिः कथिता जापकेष्विह। एकैवैषा गतिस्तेषामुत यान्त्यपरामपि ॥१२-१९०-१॥
gatīnām uttamā prāptiḥ kathitā jāpakeṣv iha। ekaivaiṣā gatis teṣām uta yānti aparām api॥12-190-1॥
[गतीनाम् (gatīnām) - of the paths; of the courses; उत्तमा (uttamā) - the highest; the best; प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - attainment; reaching; कथिता (kathitā) - is said; is described; जापकेषु (jāpakeṣu) - among the chanters; among those who recite; इह (iha) - here; in this context; एकैव (ekaiva) - only one; one alone; एषा (eṣā) - this; she; गतिः (gatiḥ) - path; course; goal; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; of those; उत (uta) - and; also; यान्ति (yānti) - they go; they reach; पराम् (parām) - another; higher; other; अपि (api) - also; even;]
(Of the paths, the highest attainment is said among the chanters here. Only this one path is theirs, and they also go to another (higher).)
Among all paths, the highest attainment is described here for those who recite. For them, there is only this one path, yet they also reach another.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
शृणुष्वावहितो राजञ्जापकानां गतिं विभो। यथा गच्छन्ति निरयमनेकं पुरुषर्षभ ॥१२-१९०-२॥
śṛṇuṣvāvahito rājan jāpakānāṃ gatiṃ vibho। yathā gacchanti nirayam anekaṃ puruṣarṣabha ॥12-190-2॥
[शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen; (imperative, from śru-) आवहितः (āvahitaḥ) - attentively; (from ā + vahita, placed) राजन् (rājan) - O king; जापकानाम् (jāpakānām) - of chanters; (genitive plural of jāpaka) गतिम् (gatim) - path; (accusative singular of gati, way, course) विभो (vibho) - O mighty one; यथा (yathā) - as; in the manner; गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go; (present plural of gam, to go) निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell; (accusative singular of niraya) अनेकम् (anekam) - many; (accusative singular, neuter) पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best of men; (vocative singular);]
(Listen attentively, O king, to the path of the chanters, O mighty one, as they go to many hells, O best of men.)
O king, listen attentively to the fate of the chanters, O mighty one, as they go to various hells, O best of men.
यथोक्तमेतत्पूर्वं यो नानुतिष्ठति जापकः। एकदेशक्रियश्चात्र निरयं स निगच्छति ॥१२-१९०-३॥
yathoktam etat pūrvaṃ yo nānutiṣṭhati jāpakaḥ। ekadeśakriyaś cātra nirayaṃ sa nigacchati ॥12-190-3॥
[यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - as said; as stated; एतत् (etat) - this; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; previously; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - follows; observes; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - reciter; chanter; एकदेशक्रियः (ekadeśakriyaḥ) - one who performs partially; च (ca) - and; अत्र (atra) - here; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; सः (saḥ) - he; निगच्छति (nigacchati) - goes; attains;]
(As said this previously who does not follow, the reciter, and one who performs partially here, he goes to hell.)
If a reciter does not follow what has been previously stated, or performs only partially here, he goes to hell.
अवज्ञानेन कुरुते न तुष्यति न शोचति। ईदृशो जापको याति निरयं नात्र संशयः ॥१२-१९०-४॥
avajñānena kurute na tuṣyati na śocati। īdṛśo jāpako yāti nirayaṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ ॥12-190-4॥
[अवज्ञानेन (avajñānena) - by disrespect; कुरुते (kurute) - does (he); न (na) - not; तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is pleased; न (na) - not; शोचति (śocati) - grieves; ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - such (a one); जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - reciter; याति (yāti) - goes; निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell; न (na) - not; अत्र (atra) - here; संशयः (saṃśayaḥ) - doubt;]
(By disrespect, (he) does, not is pleased, not grieves. Such a reciter goes to hell; not here (is) doubt.)
A reciter who acts with disrespect neither pleases nor grieves, but such a person certainly goes to hell; there is no doubt about this.
अहङ्कारकृतश्चैव सर्वे निरयगामिनः। परावमानी पुरुषो भविता निरयोपगः ॥१२-१९०-५॥
ahaṅkārakṛtaścaiva sarve nirayagāminaḥ। parāvamānī puruṣo bhavitā nirayopagaḥ ॥12-190-5॥
[अहङ्कारकृतः (ahaṅkārakṛtaḥ) - one who acts out of ego; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सर्वे (sarve) - all; निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - goers to hell; परावमानी (parāvamānī) - one who insults others; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; भविता (bhavitā) - will become; निरयोपगः (nirayopagaḥ) - one who attains hell;]
(One who acts out of ego, and indeed all goers to hell; a man who insults others will become one who attains hell.)
All those who act out of ego, and all who insult others, will go to hell; a man who is arrogant and disparages others will surely attain hell.
अभिध्यापूर्वकं जप्यं कुरुते यश्च मोहितः। यत्राभिध्यां स कुरुते तं वै निरयमृच्छति ॥१२-१९०-६॥
abhidhyāpūrvakaṃ japyaṃ kurute yaś ca mohitaḥ। yatrābhidhyāṃ sa kurute taṃ vai nirayam ṛcchati ॥12-190-6॥
[अभिध्या (abhidhyā) - malice; desire; पूर्वकं (pūrvakam) - accompanied by; with; जप्यं (japyam) - recitation; to be muttered; कुरुते (kurute) - does; performs; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; also; मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - deluded; confused; यत्र (yatra) - where; अभिध्यां (abhidhyām) - malice; desire; सः (saḥ) - he; कुरुते (kurute) - does; performs; तम् (tam) - him; वै (vai) - indeed; truly; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - goes; attains;]
(Who, being deluded, performs recitation accompanied by malice, wherever he does malice, indeed he attains hell.)
If a deluded person performs recitation with malice, wherever he harbors malice, he certainly goes to hell.
अथैश्वर्यप्रवृत्तः सञ्जापकस्तत्र रज्यते। स एव निरयस्तस्य नासौ तस्मात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१२-१९०-७॥
athaiśvaryapravṛttaḥ sañjāpakas tatra rajyate। sa eva nirayas tasya nāsau tasmāt pramucyate ॥12-190-7॥
[अथ (atha) - now; then; ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya) - sovereignty; lordship; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged; set forth; सञ्जापकः (sañjāpakaḥ) - one who causes to recite; instigator; तत्र (tatra) - there; in that; रज्यते (rajyate) - is attached; delights; सः (saḥ) - he; एव (eva) - indeed; only; निरयः (nirayaḥ) - hell; downfall; तस्य (tasya) - of him; his; न (na) - not; असौ (asau) - that; he; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that; therefore; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released; is freed;]
(Now, one engaged in sovereignty, the instigator, there is attached. He indeed is the hell of him; that one is not released from that.)
Now, the one who is engaged in sovereignty and causes others to recite becomes attached there. He himself is the cause of his own downfall; he is not released from that.
रागेण जापको जप्यं कुरुते तत्र मोहितः। यत्रास्य रागः पतति तत्र तत्रोपजायते ॥१२-१९०-८॥
rāgeṇa jāpako japyaṃ kurute tatra mohitaḥ। yatrāsya rāgaḥ patati tatra tatropajāyate ॥12-190-8॥
[रागेण (rāgeṇa) - by attachment; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - the reciter; जप्यम् (japyam) - the mantra to be recited; कुरुते (kurute) - performs; तत्र (tatra) - there; मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - deluded; यत्र (yatra) - where; अस्य (asya) - his; रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment; पतति (patati) - falls; तत्र (tatra) - there; तत्र (tatra) - there; उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises;]
(By attachment, the reciter performs the mantra to be recited there, deluded. Where his attachment falls, there and there it arises.)
The reciter, deluded by attachment, performs the mantra. Wherever his attachment falls, there it arises again and again.
दुर्बुद्धिरकृतप्रज्ञश्चले मनसि तिष्ठति। चलामेव गतिं याति निरयं वाधिगच्छति ॥१२-१९०-९॥
durbuddhir akṛtaprajñaś cale manasi tiṣṭhati। calām eva gatiṃ yāti nirayaṃ vādhigacchati ॥12-190-9॥
[दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - with wicked intellect; अकृतप्रज्ञः (akṛtaprajñaḥ) - without developed wisdom; चले (cale) - in the unsteady; मनसि (manasi) - mind; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains; चलाम् (calām) - unsteady; एव (eva) - indeed; गतिम् (gatim) - state; याति (yāti) - attains; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; वा (vā) - or; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - reaches;]
(With wicked intellect, without developed wisdom, he remains in the unsteady mind. Indeed, he attains an unsteady state or reaches hell.)
A person of wicked intellect and undeveloped wisdom remains in an unsteady mind; such a one attains only instability or even descends to hell.
अकृतप्रज्ञको बालो मोहं गच्छति जापकः। स मोहान्निरयं याति तत्र गत्वानुशोचति ॥१२-१९०-१०॥
akṛtaprajñako bālo mohaṃ gacchati jāpakaḥ। sa mohānnirayaṃ yāti tatra gatvānuśocati ॥12-190-10॥
[अकृतप्रज्ञकः (akṛtaprajñakaḥ) - one without developed wisdom; बालः (bālaḥ) - child; मोहम् (moham) - delusion; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - reciter; सः (saḥ) - he; मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; याति (yāti) - goes; तत्र (tatra) - there; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - regrets;]
(One without developed wisdom, a child, goes to delusion, the reciter. He, from delusion, goes to hell; having gone there, he regrets.)
A reciter who lacks developed wisdom, like a child, falls into delusion. Due to this delusion, he goes to hell and, having reached there, regrets his actions.
दृढग्राही करोमीति जप्यं जपति जापकः। न सम्पूर्णो न वा युक्तो निरयं सोऽधिगच्छति ॥१२-१९०-११॥
dṛḍhagrāhī karomīti japyaṃ japati jāpakaḥ। na sampūrṇo na vā yukto nirayaṃ so'dhigacchati ॥12-190-11॥
[दृढ (dṛḍha) - firm; ग्राही (grāhī) - one who grasps; करोमि (karomi) - I do; इति (iti) - thus; जप्यं (japyaṃ) - recitation; जपति (japati) - recites; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - reciter; न (na) - not; सम्पूर्णः (sampūrṇaḥ) - complete; न (na) - not; वा (vā) - or; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - properly endowed; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; सः (saḥ) - he; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains;]
(The reciter who recites the recitation with the thought 'I do (it) firmly', if not complete or not properly endowed, he attains hell.)
If a reciter, thinking 'I do this firmly', recites the mantra but is neither complete nor properly qualified, he attains hell.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhishthira said;)
Yudhishthira said.
अनिमित्तं परं यत्तदव्यक्तं ब्रह्मणि स्थितम्। सद्भूतो जापकः कस्मात्स शरीरमथाविशेत् ॥१२-१९०-१२॥
animittaṃ paraṃ yattadavyaktaṃ brahmaṇi sthitam। sadbhūto jāpakaḥ kasmātsa śarīramathāviśet ॥12-190-12॥
[अनिमित्तम् (animittam) - without cause; परम् (param) - supreme; यत् (yat) - which; तत् (tat) - that; अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - unmanifest; ब्रह्मणि (brahmaṇi) - in Brahman; स्थितम् (sthitam) - established; सद्भूतः (sadbhūtaḥ) - having become real; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - the chanter; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; सः (saḥ) - he; शरीरम् (śarīram) - body; अथ (atha) - then; आविशेत् (āviśet) - should enter;]
(That which is without cause, supreme, unmanifest, established in Brahman—having become real, why should the chanter then enter the body?)
Why should the one who has realized the supreme, unmanifest, causeless reality established in Brahman, having become real, again enter the body?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
दुष्प्रज्ञानेन निरया बहवः समुदाहृताः। प्रशस्तं जापकत्वं च दोषाश्चैते तदात्मकाः ॥१२-१९०-१३॥
duṣprajñānena nirayā bahavaḥ samudāhṛtāḥ। praśastaṃ jāpakatvaṃ ca doṣāścaite tadātmakāḥ ॥12-190-13॥
[दुष्प्रज्ञानेन (duṣprajñānena) - by faulty understanding; निरया (nirayā) - hells; बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many; समुदाहृताः (samudāhṛtāḥ) - are described; प्रशस्तं (praśastaṃ) - praiseworthy; जापकत्वं (jāpakatvaṃ) - the state of being a reciter; च (ca) - and; दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults; च (ca) - and; एते (ete) - these; तदात्मकाः (tadātmakāḥ) - of that nature;]
(By faulty understanding, many hells are described; praiseworthy is the state of being a reciter, and these faults are of that nature.)
Many hells have been described due to faulty understanding; being a reciter is praiseworthy, and these faults are of that nature.
