12.191
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
कीदृशो जापको याति निरयं वर्णयस्व मे। कौतूहलं हि मे जातं तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥१२-१९१-१॥
kīdṛśo jāpako yāti nirayaṃ varṇayasva me। kautūhalaṃ hi me jātaṃ tadbhavān vaktum arhati ॥12-191-1॥
[कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind; जापकः (jāpakaḥ) - reciter; याति (yāti) - goes; निरयम् (nirayam) - hell; वर्णयस्व (varṇayasva) - describe; मे (me) - to me; कौतूहलम् (kautūhalam) - curiosity; हि (hi) - indeed; मे (me) - to me; जातम् (jātam) - arisen; तत् (tat) - that; भवान् (bhavān) - you; वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak; अर्हति (arhati) - are worthy;]
(Of what kind of reciter goes to hell, describe to me. Curiosity indeed to me has arisen, that you are worthy to speak.)
Please describe to me what kind of reciter goes to hell. I am indeed curious about this; you are worthy to explain it.
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
धर्मस्यांशः प्रसूतोऽसि धर्मिष्ठोऽसि स्वभावतः। धर्ममूलाश्रयं वाक्यं शृणुष्वावहितोऽनघ ॥१२-१९१-२॥
dharmasyāṃśaḥ prasūto'si dharmiṣṭho'si svabhāvataḥ। dharmamūlāśrayaṃ vākyaṃ śṛṇuṣvāvahito'nagha ॥12-191-2॥
[धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of dharma; अंशः (aṃśaḥ) - portion; प्रसूतः (prasūtaḥ) - born; असि (asi) - you are; धर्मिष्ठः (dharmiṣṭhaḥ) - steadfast in dharma; असि (asi) - you are; स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - by nature; धर्ममूलाश्रयम् (dharmamūlāśrayam) - having dharma as the root support; वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement; शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen; आवहितः (āvahitaḥ) - attentively; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one;]
(You are a portion of dharma, you are born, you are steadfast in dharma by nature. Listen attentively, O sinless one, to the statement having dharma as the root support.)
You are inherently a part of dharma, steadfast by nature. O sinless one, listen attentively to the statement rooted in dharma.
अमूनि यानि स्थानानि देवानां परमात्मनाम्। नानासंस्थानवर्णानि नानारूपफलानि च ॥१२-१९१-३॥
amūni yāni sthānāni devānāṃ paramātmanām। nānāsaṃsthānavarṇāni nānārūpaphalāni ca ॥12-191-3॥
[अमूनि (amūni) - these; (neuter plural, demonstrative pronoun) यानि (yāni) - which; (neuter plural, relative pronoun) स्थानानि (sthānāni) - places; (neuter plural, noun) देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; (genitive plural) परमात्मनाम् (paramātmanām) - of the supreme selves; (genitive plural) नाना (nānā) - various; (indeclinable) संस्थानवर्णानि (saṃsthānavarṇāni) - forms and colors of structures; (neuter plural, compound) नाना (nānā) - various; (indeclinable) रूपफलानि (rūpaphalāni) - forms and results; (neuter plural, compound) च (ca) - and; (conjunction);]
(These which places of the gods, of the supreme selves; various forms and colors of structures, various forms and results and.)
These are the places of the gods, of the supreme selves; they have various forms and colors of structures, and various forms and results.
दिव्यानि कामचारीणि विमानानि सभास्तथा। आक्रीडा विविधा राजन्पद्मिन्यश्चामलोदकाः ॥१२-१९१-४॥
divyāni kāmacārīṇi vimānāni sabhāstathā। ākrīḍā vividhā rājanpadminyaścāmalodakāḥ ॥12-191-4॥
[दिव्यानि (divyāni) - divine; कामचारीणि (kāmacārīṇi) - moving at will; विमानानि (vimānāni) - aerial cars; सभाः (sabhāḥ) - assembly halls; तथा (tathā) - also; आक्रीडा (ākrīḍā) - amusements; विविधा (vividhā) - of various kinds; राजन् (rājan) - O king; पद्मिन्यः (padminyaḥ) - lotus ponds; च (ca) - and; अमल (amala) - pure; उदकाः (udakāḥ) - waters;]
(Divine, moving-at-will aerial cars, assembly halls also; amusements of various kinds, O king, lotus ponds and pure waters.)
There are divine aerial cars that move at will, assembly halls, various amusements, O king, and lotus ponds with pure waters.
चतुर्णां लोकपालानां शुक्रस्याथ बृहस्पतेः। मरुतां विश्वदेवानां साध्यानामश्विनोरपि ॥१२-१९१-५॥
caturṇāṃ lokapālānāṃ śukrasyātha bṛhaspateḥ। marutāṃ viśvadevānāṃ sādhyānāmaśvinorapi ॥12-191-5॥
[चतुर्णां (caturṇāṃ) - of the four; (genitive plural of catur, four;) लोकपालानां (lokapālānāṃ) - of the guardians of the worlds; (genitive plural of lokapāla;) शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra; (genitive singular;) अथ (atha) - and; then; बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati; (genitive singular;) मरुतां (marutāṃ) - of the Maruts; (genitive plural;) विश्वदेवानां (viśvadevānāṃ) - of the Viśvadevas; (genitive plural;) साध्यानाम् (sādhyānām) - of the Sādhyas; (genitive plural;) अश्विनोः (aśvinoḥ) - of the Aśvins; (genitive dual;) अपि (api) - also;]
(Of the four guardians of the worlds, of Śukra and of Bṛhaspati, of the Maruts, of the Viśvadevas, of the Sādhyas, and also of the Aśvins.)
Of the four guardians of the worlds, as well as Śukra and Bṛhaspati, the Maruts, the Viśvadevas, the Sādhyas, and also the Aśvins.
रुद्रादित्यवसूनां च तथान्येषां दिवौकसाम्। एते वै निरयास्तात स्थानस्य परमात्मनः ॥१२-१९१-६॥
rudrādityavasūnāṃ ca tathānyeṣāṃ divaukasām। ete vai nirayāstāta sthānasya paramātmanaḥ ॥12-191-6॥
[रुद्र (rudra) - Rudra; (a class of deities; आदित्य (āditya) - Āditya; (a class of deities; वसूनाम् (vasūnām) - of the Vasus; (a class of deities; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others; दिवौकसाम् (divaukasām) - of the dwellers in heaven; एते (ete) - these; वै (vai) - indeed; निरयाः (nirayāḥ) - hells; तात (tāta) - O dear one; स्थानस्य (sthānasya) - of the place; परमात्मनः (paramātmanaḥ) - of the Supreme Self;]
(Rudra, Āditya, of the Vasus, and also of others, of the dwellers in heaven; these indeed are the hells, O dear one, of the place of the Supreme Self.)
O dear one, these are the hells belonging to Rudras, Ādityas, Vasus, and other celestial beings, which are the abodes of the Supreme Self.
अभयं चानिमित्तं च न च क्लेशभयावृतम्। द्वाभ्यां मुक्तं त्रिभिर्मुक्तमष्टाभिस्त्रिभिरेव च ॥१२-१९१-७॥
abhayaṃ cānimittaṃ ca na ca kleśabhayāvṛtam। dvābhyāṃ muktaṃ tribhirmuktamaṣṭābhistribhireva ca ॥12-191-7॥
[अभयम् (abhayam) - fearlessness; च (ca) - and; अनिमित्तम् (animittam) - without cause; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; क्लेशभयावृतम् (kleśabhayāvṛtam) - covered by the fear of suffering; द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - by two; मुक्तम् (muktam) - freed; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; मुक्तम् (muktam) - freed; अष्टाभिः (aṣṭābhiḥ) - by eight; त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three; एव (eva) - indeed; च (ca) - and;]
(Fearlessness and that which is without cause and not covered by the fear of suffering; freed by two, freed by three, by eight, and indeed by three.)
Fearlessness, that which is without cause, and not enveloped by the fear of suffering; it is liberated by two, by three, by eight, and again by three.
चतुर्लक्षणवर्जं तु चतुष्कारणवर्जितम्। अप्रहर्षमनानन्दमशोकं विगतक्लमम् ॥१२-१९१-८॥
caturlakṣaṇavarjaṃ tu catuṣkāraṇavarjitam। apraharṣamanānandamaśokaṃ vigataklamam ॥12-191-8॥
[चतुर् (catur) - four; लक्षण (lakṣaṇa) - characteristics; वर्जं (varjam) - excluding; तु (tu) - but; चतुष् (catuṣ) - four; कारण (kāraṇa) - causes; वर्जितम् (varjitam) - devoid of; अप्रहर्षम् (apraharṣam) - without exhilaration; अनानन्दम् (anānandam) - without joy; अशोकम् (aśokam) - without sorrow; विगत् (vigat) - departed; क्लमम् (klamam) - fatigue;]
(Excluding the four characteristics, but devoid of the four causes; without exhilaration, without joy, without sorrow, fatigue departed.)
Except for the four characteristics and devoid of the four causes, it is without exhilaration, joy, or sorrow, and free from fatigue.
कालः सम्पच्यते तत्र न कालस्तत्र वै प्रभुः। स कालस्य प्रभू राजन्स्वर्गस्यापि तथेश्वरः ॥१२-१९१-९॥
kālaḥ sampacyate tatra na kālas tatra vai prabhuḥ। sa kālasya prabhū rājan svargasya api tathā īśvaraḥ॥12-191-9॥
[कालः (kālaḥ) - time; सम्पच्यते (sampacyate) - is ripened; तत्र (tatra) - there; न (na) - not; कालः (kālaḥ) - time; तत्र (tatra) - there; वै (vai) - indeed; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - master; सः (saḥ) - he; कालस्य (kālasya) - of time; प्रभू (prabhū) - masters; राजन् (rājan) - O king; स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven; अपि (api) - even; तथा (tathā) - likewise; ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord;]
(Time is ripened there; not time there indeed is master. He, O king, is master of time, likewise lord even of heaven.)
Time matures there; there, time is not the master. He, O king, is the master of time and likewise the lord even of heaven.
आत्मकेवलतां प्राप्तस्तत्र गत्वा न शोचति। ईदृशं परमं स्थानं निरयास्ते च तादृशाः ॥१२-१९१-१०॥
ātmakevalatāṃ prāptas tatra gatvā na śocati। īdṛśaṃ paramaṃ sthānaṃ nirayās te ca tādṛśāḥ ॥12-191-10॥
[आत्म (ātma) - self; केवलताम् (kevalatām) - exclusiveness; प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained; तत्र (tatra) - there; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; न (na) - not; शोचति (śocati) - grieves; ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such; परमम् (paramam) - supreme; स्थानम् (sthānam) - state; निरयाः (nirayāḥ) - hells; ते (te) - they; च (ca) - and; तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such as those;]
(Having attained self-exclusiveness, having gone there, he does not grieve. Such a supreme state—hells are for those of such kind.)
One who attains the state of self-exclusiveness and reaches there does not grieve. Such a supreme state is reserved, while hells are for those of the opposite kind.
एते ते निरयाः प्रोक्ताः सर्व एव यथातथम्। तस्य स्थानवरस्येह सर्वे निरयसञ्ज्ञिताः ॥१२-१९१-११॥
ete te nirayāḥ proktāḥ sarva eva yathātatham। tasya sthānavarasyeha sarve nirayasañjñitāḥ ॥12-191-11॥
[एते (ete) - these; ते (te) - those; निरयाः (nirayāḥ) - hells; प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - have been stated; सर्व (sarva) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; यथातथम् (yathātatham) - as it is; तस्य (tasya) - of him; स्थानवरस्य (sthānavarasya) - of the chief of places; इह (iha) - here; सर्वे (sarve) - all; निरय (niraya) - hell; सञ्ज्ञिताः (sañjñitāḥ) - are designated;]
(These those hells have been stated, all indeed as it is. Of him, the chief of places, here all are designated as hells.)
All these hells have been described just as they are. Here, for the chief of places, all are designated as hells.
