13.133
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
किंशीलाः किंसमाचाराः पुरुषाः कैश्च कर्मभिः। स्वर्गं समभिपद्यन्ते सम्प्रदानेन केन वा ॥१३-१३३-१॥
What kind of character and conduct must men have, and by what actions or by what sort of giving do they attain heaven? (13-133-1)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said.
दाता ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता दीनान्धकृपणादिषु। भक्ष्यभोज्यान्नपानानां वाससां च प्रदायकः ॥१३-१३३-२॥
He is a giver, one who honors brāhmaṇas, bestower of edibles, foods, grains, drinks and garments to the poor, blind, miserable, and others. (13-133-2)
प्रतिश्रयान्सभाः कूपान्प्रपाः पुष्करिणीस्तथा। नैत्यकानि च सर्वाणि किमिच्छकमतीव च ॥१३-१३३-३॥
Resting places, assembly halls, wells, drinking places, ponds, and all kinds of daily religious works—indeed anything and everything desired in great abundance. (13-133-3)
आसनं शयनं यानं धनं रत्नं गृहांस्तथा। सस्यजातानि सर्वाणि गाः क्षेत्राण्यथ योषितः ॥१३-१३३-४॥
A seat, a bed, a vehicle, wealth, jewels, houses, all kinds of crops, cows, fields, and women. (13-133-4)
सुप्रतीतमना नित्यं यः प्रयच्छति मानवः। एवम्भूतो मृतो देवि देवलोकेऽभिजायते ॥१३-१३३-५॥
O Goddess, a man who, with a very satisfied mind, constantly gives (charity), when such a one dies, is born in the world of the gods. (13-133-5)
तत्रोष्य सुचिरं कालं भुक्त्वा भोगाननुत्तमान्। सहाप्सरोभिर्मुदितो रमित्वा नन्दनादिषु ॥१३-१३३-६॥
There, having dwelt for a very long time and enjoyed the unsurpassed pleasures together with the apsarases, rejoicing and taking delight in Nandana and other gardens. (13-133-6)
तस्मात्स्वर्गाच्च्युतो लोकान्मानुषेषूपजायते। महाभोगे कुले देवि धनधान्यसमाचिते ॥१३-१३३-७॥
Therefore, O Devi, one who has fallen from heaven is born among men, in a family of great enjoyment, endowed with wealth and grain. (13-133-7)
तत्र कामगुणैः सर्वैः समुपेतो मुदा युतः। महाभोगो महाकोशो धनी भवति मानवः ॥१३-१३३-८॥
There, a man endowed with all the qualities of desire, joined with joy, becomes a great enjoyer, possesses a great treasury, and becomes wealthy. (13-133-8)
एते देवि महाभोगाः प्राणिनो दानशीलिनः। ब्रह्मणा वै पुरा प्रोक्ताः सर्वस्य प्रियदर्शनाः ॥१३-१३३-९॥
These, O goddess, are great enjoyments. Beings with the nature of giving were indeed formerly declared by Brahmā as those pleasing in appearance to all. (13-133-9)
अपरे मानवा देवि प्रदानकृपणा द्विजैः। याचिता न प्रयच्छन्ति विद्यमानेऽप्यबुद्धयः ॥१३-१३३-१०॥
O goddess, there are other humans, miserly in giving, who, even when asked by the twice-born, do not give, even though they have (something); they are foolish. (13-133-10)
दीनान्धकृपणान्दृष्ट्वा भिक्षुकानतिथीनपि। याच्यमाना निवर्तन्ते जिह्वालोभसमन्विताः ॥१३-१३३-११॥
Even when they see the poor, the blind, the miserable, beggars, and guests, those filled with greed for taste turn away, even when requested. (13-133-11)
न धनानि न वासांसि न भोगान्न च काञ्चनम्। न गावो नान्नविकृतिं प्रयच्छन्ति कदाचन ॥१३-१३३-१२॥
They never give wealth, garments, enjoyments, gold, cows, or processed food at any time. (13-133-12)
अप्रवृत्तास्तु ये लुब्धा नास्तिका दानवर्जिताः। एवम्भूता नरा देवि निरयं यान्त्यबुद्धयः ॥१३-१३३-१३॥
O Goddess, men who are not inclined (to righteous acts), greedy, atheistic, devoid of charity, and of such nature, being foolish, go to hell. (13-133-13)
ते चेन्मनुष्यतां यान्ति यदा कालस्य पर्ययात्। धनरिक्ते कुले जन्म लभन्ते स्वल्पबुद्धयः ॥१३-१३३-१४॥
If they attain human birth when their time comes to an end, those of little intelligence are born in a family devoid of wealth. (13-133-14)
क्षुत्पिपासापरीताश्च सर्वभोगबहिष्कृताः। निराशाः सर्वभोगेभ्यो जीवन्त्यधमजीविकाम् ॥१३-१३३-१५॥
Afflicted by hunger and thirst, excluded from all pleasures, and despairing of every enjoyment, they sustain themselves with the lowest means of living. (13-133-15)
अल्पभोगकुले जाता अल्पभोगरता नराः। अनेन कर्मणा देवि भवन्त्यधनिनो नराः ॥१३-१३३-१६॥
Men who are born into families of little enjoyment and who delight in little enjoyment, O goddess, by this action become men without wealth. (13-133-16)
अपरे स्तम्भिनो नित्यं मानिनः पापतो रताः। आसनार्हस्य ये पीठं न प्रयच्छन्त्यचेतसः ॥१३-१३३-१७॥
Other people, always arrogant, proud, and engaged in wickedness, are those foolish ones who do not give a seat to someone deserving of it. (13-133-17)
मार्गार्हस्य च ये मार्गं न यच्छन्त्यल्पबुद्धयः। पाद्यार्हस्य च ये पाद्यं न ददत्यल्पबुद्धयः ॥१३-१३३-१८॥
Those who do not give the path to one who deserves it are of little understanding, and those who do not give water for the feet to one deserving it are also of little understanding. (13-133-18)
अर्घार्हान्न च सत्कारैरर्चयन्ति यथाविधि। अर्घ्यमाचमनीयं वा न यच्छन्त्यल्पबुद्धयः ॥१३-१३३-१९॥
Men of little understanding do not honor those worthy of arghya with proper respects according to rule; they do not even offer arghya or water for sipping. (13-133-19)
गुरुं चाभिगतं प्रेम्णा गुरुवन्न बुभूषते। अभिमानप्रवृत्तेन लोभेन समवस्थिताः ॥१३-१३३-२०॥
One does not wish to approach the teacher with love or become like a teacher; people stand motivated by pride and greed. (13-133-20)
संमान्यांश्चावमन्यन्ते वृद्धान्परिभवन्ति च। एवंविधा नरा देवि सर्वे निरयगामिनः ॥१३-१३३-२१॥
Those who show disrespect to the honored and insult the elders, O goddess, all such men proceed to hell. (13-133-21)
ते वै यदि नरास्तस्मान्निरयादुत्तरन्ति वै। वर्षपूगैस्ततो जन्म लभन्ते कुत्सिते कुले ॥१३-१३३-२२॥
If those men indeed emerge from that hell, then after many years, they obtain birth in a contemptible family. (13-133-22)
श्वपाकपुल्कसादीनां कुत्सितानामचेतसाम्। कुलेषु तेषु जायन्ते गुरुवृद्धापचायिनः ॥१३-१३३-२३॥
Those who dishonor preceptors and elders are born in the families of the mindless, the despised, and such as the śvapāka and pulkasa. (13-133-23)
न स्तम्भी न च मानी यो देवताद्विजपूजकः। लोकपूज्यो नमस्कर्ता प्रश्रितो मधुरं वदन् ॥१३-१३३-२४॥
He who is neither arrogant nor conceited, who worships the gods and the twice-born, is honored by people, bows with respect, is humble, and speaks sweetly. (13-133-24)
सर्ववर्णप्रियकरः सर्वभूतहितः सदा। अद्वेषी सुमुखः श्लक्ष्णः स्निग्धवाणीप्रदः सदा ॥१३-१३३-२५॥
He always pleases all classes and benefits all beings; he bears no hatred, is pleasant-faced, gentle, and always speaks with tenderness. (13-133-25)
स्वागतेनैव सर्वेषां भूतानामविहिंसकः। यथार्हसत्क्रियापूर्वमर्चयन्नुपतिष्ठति ॥१३-१३३-२६॥
He attends to all beings with a welcoming attitude, without harm, honoring them as is appropriate and with proper respect. (13-133-26)
मार्गार्हाय ददन्मार्गं गुरुं गुरुवदर्चयन्। अतिथिप्रग्रहरतस्तथाभ्यागतपूजकः ॥१३-१३३-२७॥
He gives the path to those deserving it, worships the teacher as a teacher, delights in honoring guests, and likewise honors those who arrive. (13-133-27)
एवम्भूतो नरो देवि स्वर्गतिं प्रतिपद्यते। ततो मानुषतां प्राप्य विशिष्टकुलजो भवेत् ॥१३-१३३-२८॥
O Goddess, a man being thus attains heaven; then, after taking human birth, he will be born into a distinguished family. (13-133-28)
तत्रासौ विपुलैर्भोगैः सर्वरत्नसमायुतः। यथार्हदाता चार्हेषु धर्मचर्यापरो भवेत् ॥१३-१३३-२९॥
There, that person possessing abundant enjoyments and all jewels, should bestow as appropriate to the worthy, and be devoted to practicing dharma. (13-133-29)
संमतः सर्वभूतानां सर्वलोकनमस्कृतः। स्वकर्मफलमाप्नोति स्वयमेव नरः सदा ॥१३-१३३-३०॥
One who is approved by all beings and honored by all worlds always attains the results of his own actions by himself. (13-133-30)
उदात्तकुलजातीय उदात्ताभिजनः सदा। एष धर्मो मया प्रोक्तो विधात्रा स्वयमीरितः ॥१३-१३३-३१॥
One who is born in a noble family and of noble ancestry always—this dharma has been stated by me as it has been declared by the Creator himself. (13-133-31)
यस्तु रौद्रसमाचारः सर्वसत्त्वभयङ्करः। हस्ताभ्यां यदि वा पद्भ्यां रज्ज्वा दण्डेन वा पुनः ॥१३-१३३-३२॥
But the one who, being of cruel conduct and a terror to all beings, (strikes) with his hands or feet, or with a rope or staff, again— (13-133-32)
लोष्टैः स्तम्भैरुपायैर्वा जन्तून्बाधति शोभने। हिंसार्थं निकृतिप्रज्ञः प्रोद्वेजयति चैव ह ॥१३-१३३-३३॥
O beautiful one, with clods, sticks, or other means, he harasses creatures. Possessed of deceitful intelligence, he also surely disturbs them for the purpose of injury. (13-133-33)
उपक्रामति जन्तूंश्च उद्वेगजननः सदा। एवंशीलसमाचारो निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ॥१३-१३३-३४॥
A person who always attacks living beings and causes distress, whose nature and conduct are thus, attains hell. (13-133-34)
स चेन्मानुषतां गच्छेद्यदि कालस्य पर्ययात्। बह्वाबाधपरिक्लिष्टे सोऽधमे जायते कुले ॥१३-१३३-३५॥
If he attains human birth again due to the lapse of time, he is born in a low family, afflicted by much adversity. (13-133-35)
लोकद्वेष्योऽधमः पुंसां स्वयं कर्मकृतैः फलैः। एष देवि मनुष्येषु बोद्धव्यो ज्ञातिबन्धुषु ॥१३-१३३-३६॥
O goddess, that person who is hated by people and is the lowest among men, due to his own actions and their results, should be recognized as such among men and among kinsmen. (13-133-36)
अपरः सर्वभूतानि दयावाननुपश्यति। मैत्रदृष्टिः पितृसमो निर्वैरो नियतेन्द्रियः ॥१३-१३३-३७॥
Another is compassionate and regards all beings; he has a friendly vision, is like a father, free from enmity, and has controlled senses. (13-133-37)
नोद्वेजयति भूतानि न विहिंसयते तथा। हस्तपादैः सुनियतैर्विश्वास्यः सर्वजन्तुषु ॥१३-१३३-३८॥
He neither disturbs nor injures living beings; with well-controlled hands and feet, he is trustworthy among all creatures. (13-133-38)
न रज्ज्वा न च दण्डेन न लोष्टैर्नायुधेन च। उद्वेजयति भूतानि श्लक्ष्णकर्मा दयापरः ॥१३-१३३-३९॥
He whose actions are gentle and who is absorbed in compassion does not agitate creatures either with a rope, a staff, clods, or weapons. (13-133-39)
एवंशीलसमाचारः स्वर्गे समुपजायते। तत्रासौ भवने दिव्ये मुदा वसति देववत् ॥१३-१३३-४०॥
A person of such character and conduct is born in heaven. There, in a divine mansion, he dwells joyfully like a god. (13-133-40)
स चेत्कर्मक्षयान्मर्त्यो मनुष्येषूपजायते। अल्पाबाधो निरीतीकः स जातः सुखमेधते ॥१३-१३३-४१॥
If, due to exhaustion of karma, a mortal is born among men, he, having little suffering and free from poverty, being so born, thrives in happiness. (13-133-41)
सुखभागी निरायासो निरुद्वेगः सदा नरः। एष देवि सतां मार्गो बाधा यत्र न विद्यते ॥१३-१३३-४२॥
A man who is always enjoying happiness, free from effort and without anxiety—O goddess, this is the path of the virtuous, where no obstacle exists. (13-133-42)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
इमे मनुष्या दृश्यन्ते ऊहापोहविशारदाः। ज्ञानविज्ञानसम्पन्नाः प्रज्ञावन्तोऽर्थकोविदाः ॥ दुष्प्रज्ञाश्चापरे देव ज्ञानविज्ञानवर्जिताः ॥१३-१३३-४३॥
These men, O divine one, are seen to be skilled in reasoning and inference, endowed with knowledge and discernment, possessing wisdom and expert in meanings; while others, of poor understanding, are devoid of knowledge and discernment. (13-133-43)
केन कर्मविपाकेन प्रज्ञावान्पुरुषो भवेत्। अल्पप्रज्ञो विरूपाक्ष कथं भवति मानवः ॥ एतं मे संशयं छिन्द्धि सर्वधर्मविदां वर ॥१३-१३३-४४॥
By what result of karma does a person become wise, and how, O Virūpākṣa, does a human become of little wisdom? Please dispel this doubt of mine, O best of all knowers of dharma. (13-133-44)
जात्यन्धाश्चापरे देव रोगार्ताश्चापरे तथा। नराः क्लीबाश्च दृश्यन्ते कारणं ब्रूहि तत्र वै ॥१३-१३३-४५॥
O deity, some are born blind, others are afflicted with diseases, others likewise; men and impotent ones are seen—tell (me) indeed the cause there. (13-133-45)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said.
ब्राह्मणान्वेदविदुषः सिद्धान्धर्मविदस्तथा। परिपृच्छन्त्यहरहः कुशलाकुशलं तथा ॥१३-१३३-४६॥
Brāhmaṇas, Vedic scholars, perfected beings, and experts in dharma also daily inquire about welfare and misfortune. (13-133-46)
वर्जयन्त्यशुभं कर्म सेवमानाः शुभं तथा। लभन्ते स्वर्गतिं नित्यमिह लोके सुखं तथा ॥१३-१३३-४७॥
Those who avoid inauspicious actions and engage in auspicious ones similarly, always attain happiness in this world and heavenly state as well. (13-133-47)
स चेन्मानुषतां याति मेधावी तत्र जायते। श्रुतं प्रज्ञानुगं चास्य कल्याणमुपजायते ॥१३-१३३-४८॥
If he attains human birth, the intelligent one is born there; for him, learning accompanied by wisdom and auspiciousness arises. (13-133-48)
परदारेषु ये मूढाश्चक्षुर्दुष्टं प्रयुञ्जते। तेन दुष्टस्वभावेन जात्यन्धास्ते भवन्ति ह ॥१३-१३३-४९॥
Fools who cast wicked glances at others' wives, by such wicked nature, are indeed born blind. (13-133-49)
मनसा तु प्रदुष्टेन नग्नां पश्यन्ति ये स्त्रियम्। रोगार्तास्ते भवन्तीह नरा दुष्कृतकर्मिणः ॥१३-१३३-५०॥
But those men who view a woman as naked with a corrupted mind become afflicted by diseases here, being evil-doers. (13-133-50)
ये तु मूढा दुराचारा वियोनौ मैथुने रताः। पुरुषेषु सुदुष्प्रज्ञाः क्लीबत्वमुपयान्ति ते ॥१३-१३३-५१॥
But those who, being deluded and of bad conduct, are engaged in sexual union through the organ and are men of very perverted understanding, they attain impotence. (13-133-51)
पशूंश्च ये बन्धयन्ति ये चैव गुरुतल्पगाः। प्रकीर्णमैथुना ये च क्लीबा जायन्ति ते नराः ॥१३-१३३-५२॥
Men who bind animals, men who approach the preceptor's bed, those engaged in indiscriminate sexual acts, and those born as impotent—these are such men. (13-133-52)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
सावद्यं किं नु वै कर्म निरवद्यं तथैव च। श्रेयः कुर्वन्नवाप्नोति मानवो देवसत्तम ॥१३-१३३-५३॥
O best of the gods, what action is truly faulty, and what is blameless? By doing what is better, a man attains (the highest good). (13-133-53)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The great lord said;
श्रेयांसं मार्गमातिष्ठन्सदा यः पृच्छते द्विजान्। धर्मान्वेषी गुणाकाङ्क्षी स स्वर्गं समुपाश्नुते ॥१३-१३३-५४॥
One who always follows the better path, asks the twice-born, seeks dharma, and desires virtues, he fully attains heaven. (13-133-54)
यदि मानुषतां देवि कदाचित्स निगच्छति। मेधावी धारणायुक्तः प्राज्ञस्तत्राभिजायते ॥१३-१३३-५५॥
O goddess, if someone ever attains a human state, then there is born one who is intelligent, endowed with retention, and wise. (13-133-55)
एष देवि सतां धर्मो मन्तव्यो भूतिकारकः। नृणां हितार्थाय तव मया वै समुदाहृतः ॥१३-१३३-५६॥
O goddess, this dharma of the virtuous should be regarded as bestowing prosperity. For the benefit of people, it has indeed been explained to you by me. (13-133-56)
उमोवाच॥
Umā said.
अपरे स्वल्पविज्ञाना धर्मविद्वेषिणो नराः। ब्राह्मणान्वेदविदुषो नेच्छन्ति परिसर्पितुम् ॥१३-१३३-५७॥
Other men, who have little knowledge and hate dharma, do not wish to approach brahmins who are proficient in the Veda. (13-133-57)
व्रतवन्तो नराः केचिच्छ्रद्धादमपरायणाः। अव्रता भ्रष्टनियमास्तथान्ये राक्षसोपमाः ॥१३-१३३-५८॥
Some men possess vows and are devoted to faith and self-control; others have no vows, have fallen from discipline, and others are like demons. (13-133-58)
यज्वानश्च तथैवान्ये निर्होमाश्च तथापरे। केन कर्मविपाकेन भवन्तीह वदस्व मे ॥१३-१३३-५९॥
The performers of sacrifice, as well as others, and those who do not offer oblations, and still others — by what result of action do they come to be in this state? Please tell me. (13-133-59)
महेश्वर उवाच॥
The Great Lord said.
आगमाल्लोकधर्माणां मर्यादाः पूर्वनिर्मिताः। प्रामाण्येनानुवर्तन्ते दृश्यन्ते हि दृढव्रताः ॥१३-१३३-६०॥
The boundaries of worldly codes, previously established from scripture, are followed by authority; indeed, those firm in their vows are seen. (13-133-60)
अधर्मं धर्ममित्याहुर्ये च मोहवशं गताः। अव्रता नष्टमर्यादास्ते प्रोक्ता ब्रह्मराक्षसाः ॥१३-१३३-६१॥
Those who, under the influence of delusion, declare unrighteousness to be righteousness, who are without vows and have destroyed all limits, are said to be Brahma-rākṣasas. (13-133-61)
ते चेत्कालकृतोद्योगात्सम्भवन्तीह मानुषाः। निर्होमा निर्वषट्कारास्ते भवन्ति नराधमाः ॥१३-१३३-६२॥
If people arise here by making efforts at the proper time but are without sacrificial offerings and without uttering vaṣaṭ, they become the lowest among men. (13-133-62)
एष देवि मया सर्वः संशयच्छेदनाय ते। कुशलाकुशलो नॄणां व्याख्यातो धर्मसागरः ॥१३-१३३-६३॥
O goddess, this entire ocean of dharma—comprising the merits and demerits of men—has been explained by me for the removal of your doubt. (13-133-63)
