13.133
umovāca॥
Umā said.
kiṁśīlāḥ kiṁsamācārāḥ puruṣāḥ kaiśca karmabhiḥ। svargaṁ samabhipadyante sampradānena kena vā॥13-133-1॥
What kind of character and conduct must men have, and by what actions or by what sort of giving do they attain heaven? (13-133-1)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great lord said.
dātā brāhmaṇasatkartā dīnāndhakṛpaṇādiṣu। bhakṣyabhojyānnapānānāṃ vāsasāṃ ca pradāyakaḥ ॥13-133-2॥
He is a giver, one who honors brāhmaṇas, bestower of edibles, foods, grains, drinks and garments to the poor, blind, miserable, and others. (13-133-2)
pratiśrayān sabhāḥ kūpān prapāḥ puṣkariṇīḥ tathā। naityakāni ca sarvāṇi kim-icchakam atīva ca॥13-133-3॥
Resting places, assembly halls, wells, drinking places, ponds, and all kinds of daily religious works—indeed anything and everything desired in great abundance. (13-133-3)
āsanaṃ śayanaṃ yānaṃ dhanaṃ ratnaṃ gṛhāṃs tathā। sasya-jātāni sarvāṇi gāḥ kṣetrāṇi atha yoṣitaḥ ॥13-133-4॥
A seat, a bed, a vehicle, wealth, jewels, houses, all kinds of crops, cows, fields, and women. (13-133-4)
supratītamanā nityaṁ yaḥ prayacchati mānavaḥ। evambhūto mṛto devi devaloke'bhijāyate॥13-133-5॥
O Goddess, a man who, with a very satisfied mind, constantly gives (charity), when such a one dies, is born in the world of the gods. (13-133-5)
tatroṣya suciraṃ kālaṃ bhuktvā bhogān anuttamān। sahāpsarobhir mudito ramitvā nandanādiṣu॥ 13-133-6॥
There, having dwelt for a very long time and enjoyed the unsurpassed pleasures together with the apsarases, rejoicing and taking delight in Nandana and other gardens. (13-133-6)
tasmātsvargācchyuto lokān mānuṣeṣūpajāyate। mahābhoge kule devi dhanadhānyasamācite ॥13-133-7॥
Therefore, O Devi, one who has fallen from heaven is born among men, in a family of great enjoyment, endowed with wealth and grain. (13-133-7)
tatra kāmaguṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ samupeto mudā yutaḥ. mahābhogo mahākośo dhanī bhavati mānavaḥ ॥13-133-8॥
There, a man endowed with all the qualities of desire, joined with joy, becomes a great enjoyer, possesses a great treasury, and becomes wealthy. (13-133-8)
ete devi mahābhogāḥ prāṇino dānaśīlinaḥ। brahmaṇā vai purā proktāḥ sarvasya priyadarśanāḥ॥13-133-9॥
These, O goddess, are great enjoyments. Beings with the nature of giving were indeed formerly declared by Brahmā as those pleasing in appearance to all. (13-133-9)
apare mānavā devi pradānakṛpaṇā dvijaiḥ। yācitā na prayacchanti vidyamāne'pyabuddhayaḥ ॥13-133-10॥
O goddess, there are other humans, miserly in giving, who, even when asked by the twice-born, do not give, even though they have (something); they are foolish. (13-133-10)
dīnāndhakṛpaṇāndṛṣṭvā bhikṣukānatithīnapi। yācyamānā nivartante jihvālobhasamanvitāḥ ॥13-133-11॥
Even when they see the poor, the blind, the miserable, beggars, and guests, those filled with greed for taste turn away, even when requested. (13-133-11)
na dhanāni na vāsāṃsi na bhogānna ca kāñcanam। na gāvo nānnavikṛtiṃ prayacchanti kadācana ॥13-133-12॥
They never give wealth, garments, enjoyments, gold, cows, or processed food at any time. (13-133-12)
apravṛttās tu ye lubdhā nāstikā dānavarjitāḥ. evambhūtā narā devi nirayaṃ yāntyabuddhayaḥ ॥13-133-13॥
O Goddess, men who are not inclined (to righteous acts), greedy, atheistic, devoid of charity, and of such nature, being foolish, go to hell. (13-133-13)
te cen manuṣyatāṃ yānti yadā kālasya paryayāt। dhana-rikte kule janma labhante svalpa-buddhayaḥ ॥13-133-14॥
If they attain human birth when their time comes to an end, those of little intelligence are born in a family devoid of wealth. (13-133-14)
kṣutpipāsāparītāś ca sarvabhogabahiṣkṛtāḥ। nirāśāḥ sarvabhogebhyo jīvanty adhamajīvikām॥13-133-15॥
Afflicted by hunger and thirst, excluded from all pleasures, and despairing of every enjoyment, they sustain themselves with the lowest means of living. (13-133-15)
alpabhogakule jātā alpabhogarataḥ narāḥ. anena karmaṇā devi bhavantyadhanino narāḥ ॥13-133-16॥
Men who are born into families of little enjoyment and who delight in little enjoyment, O goddess, by this action become men without wealth. (13-133-16)
apare stambhino nityaṃ māninaḥ pāpato ratāḥ। āsanārhasya ye pīṭhaṃ na prayacchantyacetasaḥ ॥13-133-17॥
Other people, always arrogant, proud, and engaged in wickedness, are those foolish ones who do not give a seat to someone deserving of it. (13-133-17)
mārgārhasya ca ye mārgaṃ na yacchantyalpabuddhayaḥ। pādyārhasya ca ye pādyaṃ na dadatyalpabuddhayaḥ॥13-133-18॥
Those who do not give the path to one who deserves it are of little understanding, and those who do not give water for the feet to one deserving it are also of little understanding. (13-133-18)
arghārhānna ca satkārairarcayanti yathāvidhi. arghyamācamanīyaṃ vā na yacchantyalpabuddhayaḥ ॥13-133-19॥
Men of little understanding do not honor those worthy of arghya with proper respects according to rule; they do not even offer arghya or water for sipping. (13-133-19)
guruṃ cābhigataṃ premṇā guruvan na bubhūṣate। abhimānapravṛttena lobhena samavasthitāḥ ॥13-133-20॥
One does not wish to approach the teacher with love or become like a teacher; people stand motivated by pride and greed. (13-133-20)
saṁmānyāṁś cā’vamanyante vṛddhān paribhavanti ca. evaṁvidhā narā devi sarve nirayagāminaḥ ॥13-133-21॥
Those who show disrespect to the honored and insult the elders, O goddess, all such men proceed to hell. (13-133-21)
te vai yadi narās tasmān nirayād uttaranti vai । varṣapūgais tato janma labhante kutsite kule ॥13-133-22॥
If those men indeed emerge from that hell, then after many years, they obtain birth in a contemptible family. (13-133-22)
śvapākapulkasādīnāṃ kutsitānāmacetasām। kuleṣu teṣu jāyante guru-vṛddhāpacāyinaḥ ॥13-133-23॥
Those who dishonor preceptors and elders are born in the families of the mindless, the despised, and such as the śvapāka and pulkasa. (13-133-23)
na stambhī na ca mānī yo devatādvijapūjakaḥ। lokapūjyo namaskartā praśrito madhuraṃ vadan ॥13-133-24॥
He who is neither arrogant nor conceited, who worships the gods and the twice-born, is honored by people, bows with respect, is humble, and speaks sweetly. (13-133-24)
sarvavarṇapriyakaraḥ sarvabhūtahitaḥ sadā। adveṣī sumukhaḥ ślakṣṇaḥ snigdhavāṇīpradaḥ sadā ॥13-133-25॥
He always pleases all classes and benefits all beings; he bears no hatred, is pleasant-faced, gentle, and always speaks with tenderness. (13-133-25)
svāgatenaiva sarveṣāṁ bhūtānām avihiṁsakaḥ| yathārhasatkriyā-pūrvam arcayan upatiṣṭhati ॥13-133-26॥
He attends to all beings with a welcoming attitude, without harm, honoring them as is appropriate and with proper respect. (13-133-26)
mārgārhāya dadanmārgaṃ guruṃ guruvadarcayan। atithipragrahatarastathābhyāgatapūjakaḥ ॥13-133-27॥
He gives the path to those deserving it, worships the teacher as a teacher, delights in honoring guests, and likewise honors those who arrive. (13-133-27)
evambhūto naro devi svargatiṁ pratipadyate. tato mānuṣatāṁ prāpya viśiṣṭakulajo bhavet ॥13-133-28॥
O Goddess, a man being thus attains heaven; then, after taking human birth, he will be born into a distinguished family. (13-133-28)
tatrāsau vipulairbhogaiḥ sarvaratnasamāyutaḥ। yathārhadātā cārheṣu dharmacaryāparo bhavet॥ 13-133-29॥
There, that person possessing abundant enjoyments and all jewels, should bestow as appropriate to the worthy, and be devoted to practicing dharma. (13-133-29)
saṁmataḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ sarvalokanamaskṛtaḥ। svakarmaphalamāpnoti svayameva naraḥ sadā ॥13-133-30॥
One who is approved by all beings and honored by all worlds always attains the results of his own actions by himself. (13-133-30)
udāttakula-jātīya udāttābhijanaḥ sadā। eṣa dharmo mayā prokto vidhātrā svayam īritaḥ ॥13-133-31॥
One who is born in a noble family and of noble ancestry always—this dharma has been stated by me as it has been declared by the Creator himself. (13-133-31)
yastu raudrasamācāraḥ sarvasattvabhayaṅkaraḥ। hastābhyāṃ yadi vā padbhyāṃ rajjvā daṇḍena vā punaḥ॥13-133-32॥
But the one who, being of cruel conduct and a terror to all beings, (strikes) with his hands or feet, or with a rope or staff, again— (13-133-32)
loṣṭaiḥ stambhair upāyair vā jantūn bādhati śobhane. hiṃsārthaṃ nikṛtiprajñaḥ prodvejayati caiva ha ॥13-133-33॥
O beautiful one, with clods, sticks, or other means, he harasses creatures. Possessed of deceitful intelligence, he also surely disturbs them for the purpose of injury. (13-133-33)
upakrāmati jantūṁś ca udvega-jananaḥ sadā। evaṁ-śīla-samācāraḥ nirayaṁ pratipadyate ॥13-133-34॥
A person who always attacks living beings and causes distress, whose nature and conduct are thus, attains hell. (13-133-34)
sa cen mānuṣatāṃ gacched yadi kālasya paryayāt। bahv-ābādha-parikliṣṭe so 'dhame jāyate kule॥13-133-35॥
If he attains human birth again due to the lapse of time, he is born in a low family, afflicted by much adversity. (13-133-35)
lokadveṣyo'dhamaḥ puṁsāṁ svayaṁ karmakṛtaiḥ phalaiḥ। eṣa devi manuṣyeṣu boddhavyo jñātibandhuṣu ॥13-133-36॥
O goddess, that person who is hated by people and is the lowest among men, due to his own actions and their results, should be recognized as such among men and among kinsmen. (13-133-36)
aparaḥ sarvabhūtāni dayāvān anupaśyati। maitradṛṣṭiḥ pitṛsamo nirvairo niyatendriyaḥ ॥13-133-37॥
Another is compassionate and regards all beings; he has a friendly vision, is like a father, free from enmity, and has controlled senses. (13-133-37)
nodvejayati bhūtāni na vihiṃsayate tathā। hastapādaiḥ suniyatair viśvāsyaḥ sarvajantuṣu ॥13-133-38॥
He neither disturbs nor injures living beings; with well-controlled hands and feet, he is trustworthy among all creatures. (13-133-38)
na rajjvā na ca daṇḍena na loṣṭair nāyudhena ca। udvejayati bhūtāni ślakṣṇakarmā dayāparaḥ॥13-133-39॥
He whose actions are gentle and who is absorbed in compassion does not agitate creatures either with a rope, a staff, clods, or weapons. (13-133-39)
evaṃśīlasamācāraḥ svarge samupajāyate। tatrāsau bhavane divye mudā vasati devavat ॥13-133-40॥
A person of such character and conduct is born in heaven. There, in a divine mansion, he dwells joyfully like a god. (13-133-40)
sa cet karmakṣayān martyo manuṣyeṣūpajāyate। alpābādho nirītīkaḥ sa jātaḥ sukhamedhate ॥13-133-41॥
If, due to exhaustion of karma, a mortal is born among men, he, having little suffering and free from poverty, being so born, thrives in happiness. (13-133-41)
sukhabhāgī nirāyāso nirudvegaḥ sadā naraḥ। eṣa devi satāṃ mārgo bādhā yatra na vidyate ॥13-133-42॥
A man who is always enjoying happiness, free from effort and without anxiety—O goddess, this is the path of the virtuous, where no obstacle exists. (13-133-42)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
ime manuṣyā dṛśyante ūhāpohaviśāradāḥ। jñānavijñānasampannāḥ prajñāvanto’rthakovidāḥ॥ duṣprajñāś cāpare deva jñānavijñānavarjitāḥ॥13-133-43॥
These men, O divine one, are seen to be skilled in reasoning and inference, endowed with knowledge and discernment, possessing wisdom and expert in meanings; while others, of poor understanding, are devoid of knowledge and discernment. (13-133-43)
kena karmavipākena prajñāvān puruṣo bhavet। alpaprajño virūpākṣa kathaṁ bhavati mānavaḥ ॥ etaṁ me saṁśayaṁ chinddhi sarvadharmavidāṁ vara ॥13-133-44॥
By what result of karma does a person become wise, and how, O Virūpākṣa, does a human become of little wisdom? Please dispel this doubt of mine, O best of all knowers of dharma. (13-133-44)
jātyandhāś cāpare deva rogārtāś cāpare tathā । narāḥ klībāś ca dṛśyante kāraṇaṃ brūhi tatra vai ॥13-133-45॥
O deity, some are born blind, others are afflicted with diseases, others likewise; men and impotent ones are seen—tell (me) indeed the cause there. (13-133-45)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great lord said.
brāhmaṇān vedaviduṣaḥ siddhān dharmavidas tathā। paripṛcchanty aharahaḥ kuśalākuśalaṃ tathā ॥13-133-46॥
Brāhmaṇas, Vedic scholars, perfected beings, and experts in dharma also daily inquire about welfare and misfortune. (13-133-46)
varjayantyaśubhaṁ karma sevamānāḥ śubhaṁ tathā। labhante svargatiṁ nityam iha loke sukhaṁ tathā ॥13-133-47॥
Those who avoid inauspicious actions and engage in auspicious ones similarly, always attain happiness in this world and heavenly state as well. (13-133-47)
sa cen mānuṣatāṃ yāti medhāvī tatra jāyate। śrutaṃ prajñānugaṃ cāsya kalyāṇam upajāyate॥13-133-48॥
If he attains human birth, the intelligent one is born there; for him, learning accompanied by wisdom and auspiciousness arises. (13-133-48)
paradāreṣu ye mūḍhāś cakṣur duṣṭaṃ prayuñjate। tena duṣṭasvabhāvena jāty andhās te bhavanti ha ॥13-133-49॥
Fools who cast wicked glances at others' wives, by such wicked nature, are indeed born blind. (13-133-49)
manasā tu praduṣṭena nagnāṃ paśyanti ye striyam। rogārtās te bhavantīha narā duṣkṛtakarmiṇaḥ ॥13-133-50॥
But those men who view a woman as naked with a corrupted mind become afflicted by diseases here, being evil-doers. (13-133-50)
ye tu mūḍhā durācārā viyonau maithune ratāḥ। puruṣeṣu suduṣprajñāḥ klībatvam upayānti te॥13-133-51॥
But those who, being deluded and of bad conduct, are engaged in sexual union through the organ and are men of very perverted understanding, they attain impotence. (13-133-51)
paśūṁś ca ye bandhayaṁti ye caiva gurutalpagāḥ। prakīrṇamaithunā ye ca klība jāyanti te narāḥ॥13-133-52॥
Men who bind animals, men who approach the preceptor's bed, those engaged in indiscriminate sexual acts, and those born as impotent—these are such men. (13-133-52)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
sāvadyaṃ kiṃ nu vai karma niravadyaṃ tathaiva ca। śreyaḥ kurvannavāpnoti mānavo devasattama ॥13-133-53॥
O best of the gods, what action is truly faulty, and what is blameless? By doing what is better, a man attains (the highest good). (13-133-53)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The great lord said;
śreyāṁsaṁ mārgamātiṣṭhansadā yaḥ pṛcchate dvijān। dharmānveṣī guṇākāṅkṣī sa svargaṁ samupāśnute ॥13-133-54॥
One who always follows the better path, asks the twice-born, seeks dharma, and desires virtues, he fully attains heaven. (13-133-54)
yadi mānuṣatāṃ devi kadācit sa nigacchati। medhāvī dhāraṇāyuktaḥ prājñas tatrābhijāyate॥13-133-55॥
O goddess, if someone ever attains a human state, then there is born one who is intelligent, endowed with retention, and wise. (13-133-55)
eṣa devi satāṃ dharmo mantavyo bhūtikārakaḥ। nṛṇāṃ hitārthāya tava mayā vai samudāhṛtaḥ॥13-133-56॥
O goddess, this dharma of the virtuous should be regarded as bestowing prosperity. For the benefit of people, it has indeed been explained to you by me. (13-133-56)
umovāca॥
Umā said.
apare svalpavijñānā dharmavidveṣiṇo narāḥ। brāhmaṇānvedaviduṣo necchanti parisarpitum ॥13-133-57॥
Other men, who have little knowledge and hate dharma, do not wish to approach brahmins who are proficient in the Veda. (13-133-57)
vrata-vanto narāḥ kecit śraddhā-dama-parāyaṇāḥ । avratā bhraṣṭa-niyamās tathānye rākṣasa-upamāḥ ॥13-133-58॥
Some men possess vows and are devoted to faith and self-control; others have no vows, have fallen from discipline, and others are like demons. (13-133-58)
yajvānaś ca tathaivānye nirhomāś ca tathāpare। kena karmavipākena bhavantīha vadasva me ॥13-133-59॥
The performers of sacrifice, as well as others, and those who do not offer oblations, and still others — by what result of action do they come to be in this state? Please tell me. (13-133-59)
maheśvara uvāca॥
The Great Lord said.
āgamāllokadharmāṇāṃ maryādāḥ pūrvanirmitāḥ। prāmāṇyenānuvartante dṛśyante hi dṛḍhavratāḥ॥13-133-60॥
The boundaries of worldly codes, previously established from scripture, are followed by authority; indeed, those firm in their vows are seen. (13-133-60)
adharmaṁ dharmam ity āhur ye ca moha-vaśaṁ gatāḥ। avratā naṣṭa-maryādās te proktā brahma-rākṣasāḥ॥13-133-61॥
Those who, under the influence of delusion, declare unrighteousness to be righteousness, who are without vows and have destroyed all limits, are said to be Brahma-rākṣasas. (13-133-61)
te cet kālakṛtoddyogāt sambhavanti iha mānuṣāḥ। nirhomā nirvaṣaṭkārās te bhavanti narādhamāḥ॥13-133-62॥
If people arise here by making efforts at the proper time but are without sacrificial offerings and without uttering vaṣaṭ, they become the lowest among men. (13-133-62)
eṣa devi mayā sarvaḥ saṃśayacchedanāya te। kuśalākuśalo nṝṇāṃ vyākhyāto dharmasāgaraḥ ॥13-133-63॥
O goddess, this entire ocean of dharma—comprising the merits and demerits of men—has been explained by me for the removal of your doubt. (13-133-63)
