01.031
Library: Names of primary snakes.
शौनक उवाच॥
śaunaka uvāca॥
[शौनक (śaunaka) - Śaunaka; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Śaunaka said:)
Śaunaka spoke:
भुजङ्गमानां शापस्य मात्रा चैव सुतेन च। विनतायास्त्वया प्रोक्तं कारणं सूतनन्दन ॥१-३१-१॥
bhujaṅgamānāṃ śāpasya mātrā caiva sutena ca। vinatāyāstvayā proktaṃ kāraṇaṃ sūtanandana ॥1-31-1॥
[भुजङ्गमानां (bhujaṅgamānāṃ) - of the serpents; शापस्य (śāpasya) - of the curse; मात्रा (mātrā) - by the mother; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सुतेन (sutena) - by the son; च (ca) - and; विनतायाः (vinatāyāḥ) - of Vinatā; त्वया (tvayā) - by you; प्रोक्तं (proktaṃ) - spoken; कारणं (kāraṇaṃ) - reason; सूतनन्दन (sūtanandana) - O son of the charioteer;]
(The reason for the curse of the serpents was indeed spoken by the mother and the son of Vinatā, O son of the charioteer.)
O son of the charioteer, the reason for the curse on the serpents was explained by both the mother and the son of Vinatā.
वरप्रदानं भर्त्रा च कद्रूविनतयोस्तथा। नामनी चैव ते प्रोक्ते पक्षिणोर्वैनतेययोः ॥१-३१-२॥
varapradānaṃ bhartrā ca kadrūvinatayostathā। nāmanī caiva te prokte pakṣiṇorvainateyayoḥ ॥1-31-2॥
[वरप्रदानं (varapradānaṃ) - boon-giving; भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by the husband; च (ca) - and; कद्रूविनतयोः (kadrūvinatayoh) - of Kadru and Vinata; तथा (tathā) - thus; नामनी (nāmanī) - names; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; ते (te) - those; प्रोक्ते (prokte) - were spoken; पक्षिणोः (pakṣiṇoḥ) - of the birds; वैनतेययोः (vainateyayoḥ) - of the two sons of Vinata;]
(Boon-giving by the husband and thus of Kadru and Vinata. The names indeed of those were spoken of the birds of the two sons of Vinata.)
The husband granted boons to Kadru and Vinata. The names of the two sons of Vinata, the birds, were also mentioned.
पन्नगानां तु नामानि न कीर्तयसि सूतज। प्राधान्येनापि नामानि श्रोतुमिच्छामहे वयम् ॥१-३१-३॥
pannagānāṃ tu nāmāni na kīrtayasi sūtajaḥ। prādhānyenāpi nāmāni śrotumicchāmahe vayam ॥1-31-3॥
[पन्नगानां (pannagānāṃ) - of serpents; तु (tu) - but; नामानि (nāmāni) - names; न (na) - not; कीर्तयसि (kīrtayasi) - you mention; सूतज (sūtaja) - O son of Sūta; प्राधान्येन (prādhānyena) - primarily; अपि (api) - also; नामानि (nāmāni) - names; श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear; इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we wish; वयम् (vayam) - we;]
(But, O son of Sūta, you do not mention the names of serpents. We wish to hear the names primarily.)
O son of Sūta, you have not mentioned the names of the serpents. We wish to hear their names, especially the prominent ones.
सूत उवाच॥
sūta uvāca॥
[सूत (sūta) - Sūta; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
(Sūta said:)
Sūta said:
बहुत्वान्नामधेयानि भुजगानां तपोधन। न कीर्तयिष्ये सर्वेषां प्राधान्येन तु मे शृणु ॥१-३१-४॥
bahutvānnāmadheyāni bhujagānāṃ tapodhana. na kīrtayiṣye sarveṣāṃ prādhānyena tu me śṛṇu ॥1-31-4॥
[बहुत्वात् (bahutvāt) - due to multitude; नामधेयानि (nāmadheyāni) - names; भुजगानां (bhujagānāṃ) - of serpents; तपोधन (tapodhana) - O sage; न (na) - not; कीर्तयिष्ये (kīrtayiṣye) - I will recount; सर्वेषां (sarveṣāṃ) - of all; प्राधान्येन (prādhānyena) - in detail; तु (tu) - but; मे (me) - my; शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen;]
(Due to the multitude of names of serpents, O sage, I will not recount all in detail, but listen to my (words).)
O sage, there are many names of serpents. I will not recount all of them in detail, but listen to the main ones.
शेषः प्रथमतो जातो वासुकिस्तदनन्तरम्। ऐरावतस्तक्षकश्च कर्कोटकधनञ्जयौ ॥१-३१-५॥
śeṣaḥ prathamato jāto vāsukistadanantaram। airāvatastakṣakaśca karkoṭakadhanañjayau ॥1-31-5॥
[शेषः (śeṣaḥ) - Shesha; प्रथमतो (prathamato) - first; जातः (jātaḥ) - born; वासुकिः (vāsukiḥ) - Vasuki; तदनन्तरम् (tadanantaram) - then; ऐरावतः (airāvataḥ) - Airavata; तक्षकः (takṣakaḥ) - Takshaka; च (ca) - and; कर्कोटकधनञ्जयौ (karkoṭakadhanañjayau) - Karkotaka and Dhananjaya;]
(Shesha was first born, then Vasuki. Airavata, Takshaka, and Karkotaka and Dhananjaya.)
Shesha was the first to be born, followed by Vasuki. Then came Airavata, Takshaka, and the pair Karkotaka and Dhananjaya.
कालियो मणिनागश्च नागश्चापूरणस्तथा। नागस्तथा पिञ्जरक एलापत्रोऽथ वामनः ॥१-३१-६॥
kālio maṇināgaśca nāgaścāpūraṇastathā| nāgastathā piñjaraka elāpatro'tha vāmanaḥ ॥1-31-6॥
[कालियः (kāliyaḥ) - Kaliya; मणिनागः (maṇināgaḥ) - Maninaga; च (ca) - and; नागः (nāgaḥ) - Naga; च (ca) - and; आपूरणः (āpūraṇaḥ) - Apurana; तथा (tathā) - also; नागः (nāgaḥ) - Naga; तथा (tathā) - also; पिञ्जरकः (piñjarakaḥ) - Pinjaraka; एलापत्रः (elāpatraḥ) - Elapatra; अथ (atha) - and then; वामनः (vāmanaḥ) - Vamana;]
(Kaliya, Maninaga, and Naga, and also Apurana; Naga also, Pinjaraka, Elapatra, and then Vamana.)
Kaliya, Maninaga, Naga, Apurana, Pinjaraka, Elapatra, and Vamana are mentioned.
नीलानीलौ तथा नागौ कल्माषशबलौ तथा। आर्यकश्चादिकश्चैव नागश्च शलपोतकः ॥१-३१-७॥
nīlānīlau tathā nāgau kalmāṣaśabalau tathā। āryakaścādikaścaiva nāgaśca śalapotakaḥ ॥1-31-7॥
[नीलानीलौ (nīlānīlau) - Nila and Anila; तथा (tathā) - and; नागौ (nāgau) - serpents; कल्माषशबलौ (kalmāṣaśabalau) - Kalmasha and Shabala; तथा (tathā) - and; आर्यकः (āryakaḥ) - Aryaka; च (ca) - and; आदिकः (ādikaḥ) - Adika; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent; च (ca) - and; शलपोतकः (śalapotakaḥ) - Shalapotaka;]
(Nila and Anila and serpents Kalmasha and Shabala and Aryaka and Adika indeed and serpent and Shalapotaka.)
Nila and Anila, as well as the serpents Kalmasha and Shabala, along with Aryaka, Adika, and the serpent Shalapotaka.
सुमनोमुखो दधिमुखस्तथा विमलपिण्डकः। आप्तः कोटनकश्चैव शङ्खो वालशिखस्तथा ॥१-३१-८॥
sumanomukho dadhimukhastathā vimalapiṇḍakaḥ। āptaḥ koṭanakaścaiva śaṅkho vālaśikhastathā ॥1-31-8॥
[सुमनोमुखः (sumanomukhaḥ) - Sumanomukha; दधिमुखः (dadhimukhaḥ) - Dadhimukha; तथा (tathā) - and; विमलपिण्डकः (vimalapiṇḍakaḥ) - Vimalapiṇḍaka; आप्तः (āptaḥ) - Āpta; कोटनकः (koṭanakaḥ) - Koṭanaka; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; शङ्खः (śaṅkhaḥ) - Śaṅkha; वालशिखः (vālaśikhaḥ) - Vālaśikha; तथा (tathā) - and;]
(Sumanomukha, Dadhimukha, and Vimalapiṇḍaka; Āpta, Koṭanaka, and indeed Śaṅkha, Vālaśikha, and;)
Sumanomukha, Dadhimukha, and Vimalapiṇḍaka; Āpta, Koṭanaka, and indeed Śaṅkha, Vālaśikha, and others are mentioned here.
निष्ठ्यूनको हेमगुहो नहुषः पिङ्गलस्तथा। बाह्यकर्णो हस्तिपदस्तथा मुद्गरपिण्डकः ॥१-३१-९॥
niṣṭhyūnako hemaguho nahuṣaḥ piṅgalastathā। bāhyakarṇo hastipadastathā mudgarapiṇḍakaḥ ॥1-31-9॥
[निष्ठ्यूनकः (niṣṭhyūnakaḥ) - a type of weapon; हेमगुहः (hemaguhaḥ) - golden cave; नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahusha; पिङ्गलः (piṅgalaḥ) - brownish; तथा (tathā) - and; बाह्यकर्णः (bāhyakarṇaḥ) - outer ear; हस्तिपदः (hastipadaḥ) - elephant foot; तथा (tathā) - and; मुद्गरपिण्डकः (mudgarapiṇḍakaḥ) - club-shaped ball;]
(A type of weapon, golden cave, Nahusha, brownish, and outer ear, elephant foot, and club-shaped ball.)
The verse lists various objects and names: a type of weapon, a golden cave, Nahusha, something brownish, an outer ear, an elephant foot, and a club-shaped ball.
कम्बलाश्वतरौ चापि नागः कालीयकस्तथा। वृत्तसंवर्तकौ नागौ द्वौ च पद्माविति श्रुतौ ॥१-३१-१०॥
kambalāśvatarau cāpi nāgaḥ kālīyakastathā। vṛttasaṁvartakau nāgau dvau ca padmāviti śrutau ॥1-31-10॥
[कम्बल (kambala) - Kambala; अश्वतरौ (aśvatarau) - Aśvatara; च (ca) - and; अपि (api) - also; नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent; कालीयकः (kālīyakaḥ) - Kāliya; तथा (tathā) - thus; वृत्त (vṛtta) - Vṛtta; संवर्तकौ (saṁvartakau) - Saṁvartaka; नागौ (nāgau) - serpents; द्वौ (dvau) - two; च (ca) - and; पद्मौ (padmau) - Padma; इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतौ (śrutau) - heard;]
(Kambala, Aśvatara, and also the serpent Kāliya, thus Vṛtta and Saṁvartaka, two serpents and Padma, thus heard.)
Kambala, Aśvatara, and the serpent Kāliya, as well as Vṛtta and Saṁvartaka, two serpents, and Padma, are thus heard of.
नागः शङ्खनकश्चैव तथा च स्फण्डकोऽपरः। क्षेमकश्च महानागो नागः पिण्डारकस्तथा ॥१-३१-११॥
nāgaḥ śaṅkhanakaścaiva tathā ca sphaṇḍako'paraḥ। kṣemakaśca mahānāgo nāgaḥ piṇḍārakastathā ॥1-31-11॥
[नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent; शङ्खनकः (śaṅkhanakaḥ) - Śaṅkhanaka; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - also; च (ca) - and; स्फण्डकः (sphaṇḍakaḥ) - Sphaṇḍaka; अपरः (aparaḥ) - another; क्षेमकः (kṣemakaḥ) - Kṣemaka; च (ca) - and; महानागः (mahānāgaḥ) - great serpent; नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent; पिण्डारकः (piṇḍārakaḥ) - Piṇḍāraka; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(The serpent Śaṅkhanaka and also another Sphaṇḍaka; and Kṣemaka, the great serpent, and also the serpent Piṇḍāraka.)
The serpent Śaṅkhanaka, along with another named Sphaṇḍaka, and Kṣemaka, the great serpent, as well as the serpent Piṇḍāraka.
करवीरः पुष्पदंष्ट्र एळको बिल्वपाण्डुकः। मूषकादः शङ्खशिराः पूर्णदंष्ट्रो हरिद्रकः ॥१-३१-१२॥
karavīraḥ puṣpadaṃṣṭra eḷako bilvapāṇḍukaḥ। mūṣakādaḥ śaṅkhaśirāḥ pūrṇadaṃṣṭro haridrakaḥ ॥1-31-12॥
[करवीरः (karavīraḥ) - oleander; पुष्पदंष्ट्र (puṣpadaṃṣṭra) - flower-fanged; एळको (eḷako) - goat; बिल्वपाण्डुकः (bilvapāṇḍukaḥ) - bilva fruit-yellow; मूषकादः (mūṣakādaḥ) - mouse-eater; शङ्खशिराः (śaṅkhaśirāḥ) - conch-headed; पूर्णदंष्ट्रः (pūrṇadaṃṣṭraḥ) - full-fanged; हरिद्रकः (haridrakaḥ) - turmeric-colored;]
(Oleander, flower-fanged, goat, bilva fruit-yellow, mouse-eater, conch-headed, full-fanged, turmeric-colored.)
The oleander, with its flower-fanged appearance, resembles a goat with a yellowish bilva fruit hue, known for eating mice, having a conch-shaped head, full fangs, and a turmeric color.
अपराजितो ज्योतिकश्च पन्नगः श्रीवहस्तथा। कौरव्यो धृतराष्ट्रश्च पुष्करः शल्यकस्तथा ॥१-३१-१३॥
aparājito jyotikaśca pannagaḥ śrīvahastathā। kauravyo dhṛtarāṣṭraśca puṣkaraḥ śalyakastathā ॥1-31-13॥
[अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - unconquered; ज्योतिकः (jyotikaḥ) - Jyotika; च (ca) - and; पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent; श्रीवहः (śrīvahaḥ) - Śrīvaha; तथा (tathā) - also; कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - Kauravya; धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra; च (ca) - and; पुष्करः (puṣkaraḥ) - Puṣkara; शल्यकः (śalyakaḥ) - Śalyaka; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Unconquered Jyotika and the serpent Śrīvaha also; Kauravya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Puṣkara, Śalyaka also.)
The unconquered Jyotika and the serpent Śrīvaha, along with Kauravya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Puṣkara, and Śalyaka are mentioned.
विरजाश्च सुबाहुश्च शालिपिण्डश्च वीर्यवान्। हस्तिभद्रः पिठरको मुखरः कोणवासनः ॥१-३१-१४॥
virajāśca subāhuśca śālipiṇḍaśca vīryavān। hastibhadraḥ piṭharako mukharaḥ koṇavāsanaḥ ॥1-31-14॥
[विरजाः (virajāḥ) - Viraja; च (ca) - and; सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - Subahu; च (ca) - and; शालिपिण्डः (śālipiṇḍaḥ) - Śālipaṇḍa; च (ca) - and; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful; हस्तिभद्रः (hastibhadraḥ) - Hastibhadra; पिठरकः (piṭharakaḥ) - Piṭharaka; मुखरः (mukharaḥ) - Mukhara; कोणवासनः (koṇavāsanaḥ) - Koṇavāsana;]
(Viraja and Subahu and Śālipaṇḍa, the powerful; Hastibhadra, Piṭharaka, Mukhara, Koṇavāsana.)
Viraja, Subahu, and Śālipaṇḍa were powerful. Hastibhadra, Piṭharaka, Mukhara, and Koṇavāsana were also present.
कुञ्जरः कुररश्चैव तथा नागः प्रभाकरः। कुमुदः कुमुदाक्षश्च तित्तिरिर्हलिकस्तथा ॥ कर्कराकर्करौ चोभौ कुण्डोदरमहोदरौ ॥१-३१-१५॥
kuñjaraḥ kuraraścaiva tathā nāgaḥ prabhākaraḥ| kumudaḥ kumudākṣaśca tittirirhalikastathā ॥ karkarākarkarau cobhau kuṇḍodaramahodarau ॥1-31-15॥
[कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant; कुररः (kuraraḥ) - osprey; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; तथा (tathā) - also; नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent; प्रभाकरः (prabhākaraḥ) - sun; कुमुदः (kumudaḥ) - lotus; कुमुदाक्षः (kumudākṣaḥ) - lotus-eyed; च (ca) - and; तित्तिरिः (tittiriḥ) - partridge; हलिकः (halikaḥ) - ploughman; तथा (tathā) - also; कर्करः (karkaraḥ) - crab; अकर्करः (akarkaraḥ) - non-crab; च (ca) - and; उभौ (ubhau) - both; कुण्डोदरम् (kuṇḍodaram) - pot-bellied; महोदरम् (mahodaram) - big-bellied;]
(Elephant, osprey, indeed, also serpent, sun. Lotus, lotus-eyed, and partridge, ploughman, also. Crab, non-crab, and both pot-bellied, big-bellied.)
The elephant, osprey, serpent, and sun are mentioned. The lotus, lotus-eyed, partridge, and ploughman are also included. Both the crab and non-crab, as well as the pot-bellied and big-bellied, are noted.
एते प्राधान्यतो नागाः कीर्तिता द्विजसत्तम। बहुत्वान्नामधेयानामितरे न प्रकीर्तिताः ॥१-३१-१६॥
ete prādhānyato nāgāḥ kīrtitā dvijasattama। bahutvānnāmadheyānāmitare na prakīrtitāḥ ॥1-31-16॥
[एते (ete) - these; प्राधान्यतः (prādhānyataḥ) - primarily; नागाः (nāgāḥ) - serpents; कीर्तिताः (kīrtitāḥ) - mentioned; द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best of the twice-born; बहुत्वात् (bahutvāt) - due to the multitude; नामधेयानाम् (nāmadheyānām) - of names; इतरे (itare) - others; न (na) - not; प्रकीर्तिताः (prakīrtitāḥ) - are mentioned;]
(These serpents are primarily mentioned, O best of the twice-born. Due to the multitude of names, others are not mentioned.)
These serpents are primarily mentioned, O best of the twice-born. Due to the multitude of names, the others are not mentioned.
एतेषां प्रसवो यश्च प्रसवस्य च सन्ततिः। असङ्ख्येयेति मत्वा तान्न ब्रवीमि द्विजोत्तम ॥१-३१-१७॥
eteṣāṃ prasavo yaśca prasavasya ca santatiḥ। asaṅkhyeyeti matvā tānna bravīmi dvijottama ॥1-31-17॥
[एतेषां (eteṣāṃ) - of these; प्रसवः (prasavaḥ) - origin; यः (yaḥ) - which; च (ca) - and; प्रसवस्य (prasavasya) - of origin; च (ca) - and; सन्ततिः (santatiḥ) - continuation; असङ्ख्येयेति (asaṅkhyeyeti) - innumerable; मत्वा (matvā) - considering; तान् (tān) - them; न (na) - not; ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak; द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of the twice-born;]
(Of these, the origin and the continuation of the origin are innumerable; considering this, I do not speak of them, O best of the twice-born.)
The origin and continuation of these are countless; hence, I do not describe them, O noble Brahmin.
बहूनीह सहस्राणि प्रयुतान्यर्बुदानि च। अशक्यान्येव सङ्ख्यातुं भुजगानां तपोधन ॥१-३१-१८॥
bahūnīha sahasrāṇi prayutānyarbudāni ca। aśakyānyeva saṅkhyātuṃ bhujagānāṃ tapodhana ॥1-31-18॥
[बहूनि (bahūni) - many; इह (iha) - here; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; प्रयुतानि (prayutāni) - tens of millions; अर्बुदानि (arbudāni) - hundreds of millions; च (ca) - and; अशक्यानि (aśakyāni) - impossible; एव (eva) - indeed; सङ्ख्यातुम् (saṅkhyātum) - to count; भुजगानाम् (bhujagānām) - of serpents; तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic;]
(Here, indeed, it is impossible to count the many thousands, tens of millions, and hundreds of millions of serpents, O ascetic.)
O ascetic, it is indeed impossible to count the innumerable serpents here, which number in the thousands, tens of millions, and hundreds of millions.
