01.210
Pancharatra: Arjuna meets Krishna at Prabhasa and visits Dwaraka.
वैशम्पायन उवाच॥
vaiśampāyana uvāca॥
[वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana; (name of the sage); उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke;]
(Vaiśampāyana said;)
Vaiśampāyana said.
सोऽपरान्तेषु तीर्थानि पुण्यान्यायतनानि च । सर्वाण्येवानुपूर्व्येण जगामामितविक्रमः ॥१-२१०-१॥
so'parānteṣu tīrthāni puṇyānyāyatanāni ca । sarvāṇyevānupūrvyeṇa jagāmāmitavikramaḥ ॥1-210-1॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अपारान्तेषु (aparānteṣu) - in the western regions; तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - sacred places; पुण्यानि (puṇyāni) - holy; आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - shrines; च (ca) - and; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; अनुपूर्व्येण (anupūrvyeṇa) - in succession; जगाम (jagāma) - went; अमितविक्रमः (amitavikramaḥ) - of immeasurable valor;]
(He, in the western regions, sacred places, holy shrines and, all indeed, in succession, went, of immeasurable valor.)
He of immeasurable valor went in succession to all the sacred places and holy shrines in the western regions.
समुद्रे पश्चिमे यानि तीर्थान्यायतनानि च । तानि सर्वाणि गत्वा स प्रभासमुपजग्मिवान् ॥१-२१०-२॥
samudre paścime yāni tīrthānyāyatanāni ca । tāni sarvāṇi gatvā sa prabhāsamupajagmivān ॥1-210-2॥
[समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean; (locative singular) पश्चिमे (paścime) - in the west; (locative singular) यानि (yāni) - which; (neuter plural nominative) तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - holy places; (neuter plural nominative) आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - shrines; (neuter plural nominative) च (ca) - and; तानि (tāni) - those; (neuter plural accusative) सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone; सः (saḥ) - he; प्रभासम् (prabhāsam) - to Prabhāsa; (accusative singular) उपजग्मिवान् (upajagmivān) - approached; (perfect active participle masculine singular);]
(In the western ocean, which holy places and shrines (there are), having gone to all those, he approached Prabhāsa.)
He visited all the holy places and shrines in the western ocean and then proceeded to Prabhāsa.
प्रभासदेशं सम्प्राप्तं बीभत्सुमपराजितम् । तीर्थान्यनुचरन्तं च शुश्राव मधुसूदनः ॥१-२१०-३॥
prabhāsadeśaṃ samprāptaṃ bībhatsumaparājitam । tīrthānyanucarantaṃ ca śuśrāva madhusūdanaḥ ॥1-210-3॥
[प्रभासदेशम् (prabhāsadeśam) - Prabhāsa region; सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - having arrived; बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Bībhatsu (Arjuna); अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered; तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - holy places; अनुचरन्तम् (anucarantam) - wandering; च (ca) - and; शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard; मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa);]
(Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa) heard that the unconquered Bībhatsu (Arjuna), having arrived at the Prabhāsa region, was wandering among the holy places.)
Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa) heard that the undefeated Bībhatsu (Arjuna) had reached the Prabhāsa region and was visiting the holy places.
ततोऽभ्यगच्छत्कौन्तेयमज्ञातो नाम माधवः । ददृशाते तदान्योन्यं प्रभासे कृष्णपाण्डवौ ॥१-२१०-४॥
tato'bhyagacchatkaunteyamajñāto nāma mādhavaḥ । dadṛśāte tadānyonyaṃ prabhāse kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau ॥1-210-4॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - approached; कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - the son of Kunti; अज्ञातः (ajñātaḥ) - unknown; नाम (nāma) - by name; माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Madhava (Krishna); ददृशाते (dadṛśāte) - they saw each other; तदा (tadā) - then; अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - one another; प्रभासे (prabhāse) - at Prabhāsa; कृष्णपाण्डवौ (kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau) - Krishna and the Pandava;]
(Then Madhava (Krishna), unknown by name, approached the son of Kunti. Then, at Prabhāsa, Krishna and the Pandava saw one another.)
Then Madhava (Krishna), incognito, approached the son of Kunti. There, at Prabhāsa, Krishna and the Pandava saw each other.
तावन्योन्यं समाश्लिष्य पृष्ट्वा च कुशलं वने । आस्तां प्रियसखायौ तौ नरनारायणावृषी ॥१-२१०-५॥
tāv anyonyaṃ samāśliṣya pṛṣṭvā ca kuśalaṃ vane । āstāṃ priyasakhāyau tau naranārāyaṇāv ṛṣī ॥1-210-5॥
[तौ (tau) - those two; अन्योन्यं (anyonyaṃ) - each other; समाश्लिष्य (samāśliṣya) - having embraced; पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked; च (ca) - and; कुशलं (kuśalam) - well-being; वने (vane) - in the forest; आस्तां (āstāṃ) - remained; प्रियसखायौ (priyasakhāyau) - dear friends (dual); तौ (tau) - those two; नरनारायणावृषी (naranārāyaṇāv ṛṣī) - the sages Nara and Nārāyaṇa (dual);]
(Those two, having embraced each other and having asked about well-being in the forest, those dear friends, the sages Nara and Nārāyaṇa, remained.)
The two, Nara and Nārāyaṇa, dear friends, embraced each other and inquired about each other's well-being in the forest, and remained together.
ततोऽर्जुनं वासुदेवस्तां चर्यां पर्यपृच्छत । किमर्थं पाण्डवेमानि तीर्थान्यनुचरस्युत ॥१-२१०-६॥
tato'rjunaṃ vāsudevastāṃ caryāṃ paryapṛcchata । kimarthaṃ pāṇḍavemāni tīrthānyanucarasyuta ॥1-210-6॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (accusative singular); वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Krishna, nominative singular); तां (tāṃ) - that; चर्याम् (caryām) - conduct; journey; practice; पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - asked; inquired; किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what reason; why; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O son of Pāṇḍu; Arjuna (vocative singular); इमानि (imāni) - these; तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - holy places; sacred spots; अनुचरस्य (anucarasi) - you are following; you are visiting; उत (uta) - indeed;]
(Then Vāsudeva asked Arjuna about that journey. O Pāṇḍava, for what reason indeed are you visiting these holy places?)
Then Vāsudeva (Krishna) asked Arjuna about that journey: "O son of Pāṇḍu, for what reason are you visiting these holy places?"
ततोऽर्जुनो यथावृत्तं सर्वमाख्यातवांस्तदा । श्रुत्वोवाच च वार्ष्णेय एवमेतदिति प्रभुः ॥१-२१०-७॥
tato'rjuno yathāvṛttaṃ sarvamākhyātavāṃstadā । śrutvovāca ca vārṣṇeya evametaditi prabhuḥ ॥1-210-7॥
[ततः (tataḥ) - then; अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; यथा (yathā) - as; वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; आख्यातवान् (ākhyātavān) - told; तदा (tadā) - then; श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard; उवाच (uvāca) - said; च (ca) - and; वार्ष्णेय (vārṣṇeya) - O descendant of Vṛṣṇi; एवम् (evam) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; इति (iti) - thus; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the Lord;]
(Then Arjuna told all as it had happened at that time. Having heard, the Lord, O descendant of Vṛṣṇi, said, "Thus it is.")
Then Arjuna narrated everything as it had happened. Hearing this, the Lord, O descendant of Vṛṣṇi, said, "So it is."
तौ विहृत्य यथाकामं प्रभासे कृष्णपाण्डवौ । महीधरं रैवतकं वासायैवाभिजग्मतुः ॥१-२१०-८॥
tau vihṛtya yathākāmaṃ prabhāse kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau । mahīdharaṃ raivatakaṃ vāsāyaivābhijagmatuḥ ॥1-210-8॥
[तौ (tau) - those two; विहृत्य (vihṛtya) - having enjoyed; यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - as they wished; प्रभासे (prabhāse) - at Prabhāsa; कृष्णपाण्डवौ (kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau) - Kṛṣṇa and the Pāṇḍava; महीधरम् (mahīdharam) - mountain; रैवतम् (raivatakam) - Raivataka; वासाय (vāsāya) - for residing; एव (eva) - indeed; अभिजग्मतुः (abhijagmatuḥ) - they both went;]
(Those two, having enjoyed as they wished at Prabhāsa, Kṛṣṇa and the Pāṇḍava, indeed went to the mountain Raivataka for residing.)
After enjoying themselves as they wished at Prabhāsa, Kṛṣṇa and the Pāṇḍava went to reside at Mount Raivataka.
पूर्वमेव तु कृष्णस्य वचनात्तं महीधरम् । पुरुषाः समलञ्चक्रुरुपजह्रुश्च भोजनम् ॥१-२१०-९॥
pūrvameva tu kṛṣṇasya vacanāttaṃ mahīdharam । puruṣāḥ samalañcakrurupajahruśca bhojanam ॥1-210-9॥
[पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; earlier; एव (eva) - indeed; certainly; तु (tu) - but; however; कृष्णस्य (kṛṣṇasya) - of Kṛṣṇa; वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the word; by the instruction; तं (tam) - that; महीधरम् (mahīdharam) - mountain; (lit. bearer of earth); पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men; persons; सम् (sam) - together; completely; अलञ्चक्रुः (alañcakruḥ) - adorned; decorated; उप (upa) - near; towards; जह्रुः (jahruḥ) - brought; carried; च (ca) - and; भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food; meal;]
(Indeed, before, but from Kṛṣṇa's word, that mountain the men together adorned, and towards brought food.)
But earlier, at Kṛṣṇa's instruction, the men together decorated that mountain and brought food there.
प्रतिगृह्यार्जुनः सर्वमुपभुज्य च पाण्डवः । सहैव वासुदेवेन दृष्टवान्नटनर्तकान् ॥१-२१०-१०॥
pratigṛhyārjunaḥ sarvamupabhujya ca pāṇḍavaḥ | sahaiva vāsudevena dṛṣṭavānnatanartakān ||1-210-10||
[प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted; अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; उपभुज्य (upabhujya) - having enjoyed; च (ca) - and; पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the son of Pāṇḍu; सह (saha) - together with; एव (eva) - indeed; वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - with Vāsudeva; दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - saw; नटनर्तकान् (naṭanartakān) - actors and dancers;]
(Having accepted everything, Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu, having enjoyed (it), and together indeed with Vāsudeva, saw the actors and dancers.)
Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu, after accepting and enjoying everything, together with Vāsudeva, watched the actors and dancers.
अभ्यनुज्ञाप्य तान्सर्वानर्चयित्वा च पाण्डवः । सत्कृतं शयनं दिव्यमभ्यगच्छन्महाद्युतिः ॥१-२१०-११॥
abhyanujñāpya tānsarvānarcayitvā ca pāṇḍavaḥ । satkṛtaṃ śayanaṃ divyamabhyagacchanmahādyutiḥ ॥1-210-11॥
[अभ्यनुज्ञाप्य (abhyanujñāpya) - having respectfully permitted; तान् (tān) - them; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; अर्चयित्वा (arcayitvā) - having worshipped; च (ca) - and; पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava; सत्कृतं (satkṛtam) - honored; शयनं (śayanam) - bed; दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine; अभ्यगच्छन् (abhyagacchan) - approached; महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - the greatly radiant one;]
(Having respectfully permitted all of them and having worshipped (them), the Pāṇḍava, the greatly radiant one, approached the honored divine bed.)
After respectfully permitting and worshipping all of them, the greatly radiant Pāṇḍava approached the honored divine bed.
तीर्थानां दर्शनं चैव पर्वतानां च भारत । आपगानां वनानां च कथयामास सात्वते ॥१-२१०-१२॥
tīrthānāṃ darśanaṃ caiva parvatānāṃ ca bhārata । āpagānāṃ vanānāṃ ca kathayāmāsa sātvate ॥1-210-12॥
[तीर्थानाम् (tīrthānām) - of sacred places; दर्शनम् (darśanam) - sight; experience; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; पर्वतानाम् (parvatānām) - of mountains; च (ca) - and; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; आपगानाम् (āpagānām) - of rivers; वनानाम् (vanānām) - of forests; च (ca) - and; कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - narrated; सात्वते (sātvate) - to Sātvata (Yudhiṣṭhira);]
(Of sacred places the sight and indeed of mountains and, O Bhārata, of rivers, of forests and narrated to Sātvata.)
O Bhārata, he narrated to Sātvata (Yudhiṣṭhira) the sights of sacred places, mountains, rivers, and forests.
स कथाः कथयन्नेव निद्रया जनमेजय । कौन्तेयोऽपहृतस्तस्मिञ्शयने स्वर्गसंमिते ॥१-२१०-१३॥
sa kathāḥ kathayanneva nidrayā janamejaya । kaunteyo'pahṛtastasmiñśayane svargasaṃmite ॥1-210-13॥
[स (sa) - he; कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories; कथयन् (kathayan) - narrating; एव (eva) - just; निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep; जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya; कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - the son of Kunti; अपहृतः (apahṛtaḥ) - was taken away; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that; शयने (śayane) - bed; स्वर्गसंमिते (svargasaṃmite) - equal to heaven;]
(He, just narrating stories, by sleep, O Janamejaya, the son of Kunti was taken away in that bed equal to heaven.)
O Janamejaya, while he was narrating stories, the son of Kunti was taken away by sleep on that bed which was like heaven.
मधुरेण स गीतेन वीणाशब्देन चानघ । प्रबोध्यमानो बुबुधे स्तुतिभिर्मङ्गलैस्तथा ॥१-२१०-१४॥
madhureṇa sa gītena vīṇāśabdena cānagha । prabodhyamāno bubudhe stutibhirmaṅgalais tathā ॥1-210-14॥
[मधुरेण (madhureṇa) - by sweet; by pleasant; स (sa) - he; गीतेन (gītena) - by song; वीणाशब्देन (vīṇāśabdena) - by the sound of the vīṇā; च (ca) - and; अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one; प्रबोध्यमानः (prabodhyamānaḥ) - being awakened; बुबुधे (bubudhe) - awoke; became aware; स्तुतिभिः (stutibhiḥ) - by praises; मङ्गलैः (maṅgalaiḥ) - by auspicious (things); तथा (tathā) - thus; in that way;]
(By sweet song, by the sound of the vīṇā, and, O sinless one, being awakened, he awoke by praises and by auspicious (things) thus.)
O sinless one, he was awakened by sweet song, the sound of the vīṇā, praises, and auspicious things.
स कृत्वावश्यकार्याणि वार्ष्णेयेनाभिनन्दितः । रथेन काञ्चनाङ्गेन द्वारकामभिजग्मिवान् ॥१-२१०-१५॥
sa kṛtvāvaśyakāryāṇi vārṣṇeyenābhinanditaḥ । rathena kāñcanāṅgena dvārakām abhijagmivān ॥1-210-15॥
[स (sa) - he; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; अवश्यकार्याणि (avaśyakāryāṇi) - necessary duties; वार्ष्णेयन (vārṣṇeyena) - by Vārṣṇeya (Krishna); अभिनन्दितः (abhinanditaḥ) - honored; रथेन (rathena) - by chariot; काञ्चनाङ्गेन (kāñcanāṅgena) - with golden parts; द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - to Dvārakā; अभिजग्मिवान् (abhijagmivān) - departed;]
(He, having done the necessary duties, honored by Vārṣṇeya, by a chariot with golden parts, to Dvārakā departed.)
Having completed his necessary duties and being honored by Vārṣṇeya (Krishna), he departed for Dvārakā in a chariot adorned with gold.
अलङ्कृता द्वारका तु बभूव जनमेजय । कुन्तीसुतस्य पूजार्थमपि निष्कुटकेष्वपि ॥१-२१०-१६॥
alaṅkṛtā dvārakā tu babhūva janamejaya । kuntīsutasya pūjārthamapi niṣkuṭakeṣvapi ॥1-210-16॥
[अलङ्कृता (alaṅkṛtā) - adorned; decorated; द्वारका (dvārakā) - Dvaraka (the city); तु (tu) - but; बभूव (babhūva) - became; जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya; कुन्तीसुतस्य (kuntīsutasya) - of the son of Kunti; पूजार्थम् (pūjārtham) - for the purpose of worship; अपि (api) - also; निष्कुटकेषु (niṣkuṭakeṣu) - in the courtyards; अपि (api) - also;]
(Adorned Dvaraka but became, O Janamejaya, for the son of Kunti, for the purpose of worship also, in the courtyards also.)
O Janamejaya, Dvaraka became adorned everywhere, even in the courtyards, for the purpose of worship of the son of Kunti.
दिदृक्षवश्च कौन्तेयं द्वारकावासिनो जनाः । नरेन्द्रमार्गमाजग्मुस्तूर्णं शतसहस्रशः ॥१-२१०-१७॥
didṛkṣavaś ca kaunteyaṃ dvārakāvāsino janāḥ । narendramārgam ājagmūs tūrṇaṃ śatasahasraśaḥ ॥1-210-17॥
[दिदृक्षवः (didṛkṣavaḥ) - desiring to see; च (ca) - and; कौन्तेयं (kaunteyam) - Kunti's son; द्वारका (dvārakā) - Dvaraka; वासिनः (vāsinaḥ) - inhabitants; जनाः (janāḥ) - people; नरेन्द्र (narendra) - king; मार्गम् (mārgam) - road; आजग्मुः (ājagmūḥ) - came; तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly; शतसहस्रशः (śatasahasraśaḥ) - by hundreds of thousands;]
(Desiring to see Kunti's son, the people inhabiting Dvaraka quickly came to the king's road by hundreds of thousands.)
The people of Dvaraka, eager to see Kunti's son, hurried in their hundreds of thousands to the king's road.
अवलोकेषु नारीणां सहस्राणि शतानि च । भोजवृष्ण्यन्धकानां च समवायो महानभूत् ॥१-२१०-१८॥
avalokeṣu nārīṇāṃ sahasrāṇi śatāni ca । bhojavṛṣṇyandhakānāṃ ca samavāyo mahānabhūt ॥1-210-18॥
[अवलोकेषु (avalokeṣu) - in the assemblies; नारीणां (nārīṇāṃ) - of women; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds; च (ca) - and; भोजवृष्ण्यन्धकानां (bhojavṛṣṇyandhakānāṃ) - of the Bhojas, Vṛṣṇis, and Andhakas; च (ca) - and; समवायः (samavāyaḥ) - assembly; महान् (mahān) - great; अभूत् (abhūt) - became;]
(In the assemblies, thousands and hundreds of women, and also of the Bhojas, Vṛṣṇis, and Andhakas, a great assembly was formed.)
In the gatherings, there were thousands and hundreds of women, and a great assembly of the Bhojas, Vṛṣṇis, and Andhakas was formed.
स तथा सत्कृतः सर्वैर्भोजवृष्ण्यन्धकात्मजैः । अभिवाद्याभिवाद्यांश्च सर्वैश्च प्रतिनन्दितः ॥१-२१०-१९॥
sa tathā satkṛtaḥ sarvair bhoja-vṛṣṇy-andhakātmajaiḥ । abhivādyābhivādyāṃś ca sarvaiś ca pratinanditaḥ ॥1-210-19॥
[स (sa) - he; तथा (tathā) - thus; सत्कृतः (satkṛtaḥ) - honored; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; भोजवृष्ण्यन्धकात्मजैः (bhoja-vṛṣṇy-andhakātmajaiḥ) - by the sons of Bhoja, Vṛṣṇi, and Andhaka; अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted; अभिवाद्यांश् (abhivādyāṃś) - those to be saluted; च (ca) - and; सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all; च (ca) - and; प्रतिनन्दितः (pratinanditaḥ) - greeted in return;]
(He, thus honored by all the sons of Bhoja, Vṛṣṇi, and Andhaka, having saluted those to be saluted and being greeted in return by all,)
He was thus honored by all the sons of Bhoja, Vṛṣṇi, and Andhaka; after saluting those who were to be saluted, he was greeted in return by all.
कुमारैः सर्वशो वीरः सत्कारेणाभिवादितः । समानवयसः सर्वानाश्लिष्य स पुनः पुनः ॥१-२१०-२०॥
kumāraiḥ sarvaśo vīraḥ satkāreṇābhivāditaḥ । samānavayasaḥ sarvānāśliṣya sa punaḥ punaḥ ॥1-210-20॥
[कुमारैः (kumāraiḥ) - by the princes; सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way; वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero; सत्कारेण (satkāreṇa) - with respect; अभिवादितः (abhivāditaḥ) - having been greeted; समानवयसः (samānavayasaḥ) - of the same age; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; आश्लिष्य (āśliṣya) - having embraced; सः (saḥ) - he; पुनः पुनः (punaḥ punaḥ) - again and again;]
(By the princes in every way the hero with respect having been greeted, those of the same age all having embraced, he again and again.)
The hero, having been respectfully greeted in every way by the princes, embraced all those of the same age again and again.
कृष्णस्य भवने रम्ये रत्नभोज्यसमावृते । उवास सह कृष्णेन बहुलास्तत्र शर्वरीः ॥१-२१०-२१॥
kṛṣṇasya bhavane ramye ratnabhojyasamāvṛte । uvāsa saha kṛṣṇena bahulās tatra śarvarīḥ ॥1-210-21॥
[कृष्णस्य (kṛṣṇasya) - of Kṛṣṇa; भवने (bhavane) - in the house; रम्ये (ramye) - beautiful; रत्नभोज्यसमावृते (ratnabhojyasamāvṛte) - filled with jewels and food; उवास (uvāsa) - dwelt; सह (saha) - with; कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa; बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - many; तत्र (tatra) - there; शर्वरीः (śarvarīḥ) - nights;]
(In the beautiful house of Kṛṣṇa, filled with jewels and food, she dwelt with Kṛṣṇa there for many nights.)
She lived with Kṛṣṇa for many nights in his beautiful house, which was filled with jewels and food.
