02.055
Core-Pancharatra: Vidhura warns Dhritarastra about Duryodhana.
विदुर उवाच॥
vidura uvāca॥
[विदुर (vidura) - Vidura; (name of the sage) उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Vidura said;)
Vidura said.
महाराज विजानीहि यत्त्वां वक्ष्यामि तच्छृणु। मुमूर्षोरौषधमिव न रोचेतापि ते श्रुतम् ॥२-५५-१॥
mahārāja vijānīhi yat tvāṃ vakṣyāmi tat śṛṇu। mumūrṣoḥ auṣadham iva na rocet api te śrutam ॥2-55-1॥
[महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know; यत् (yat) - what; त्वाम् (tvām) - to you; वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall say; तत् (tat) - that; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; मुमूर्षोः (mumūrṣoḥ) - of one desiring to die; औषधम् (auṣadham) - medicine; इव (iva) - like; न (na) - not; रोचेत (roceta) - may be pleasing; अपि (api) - even; ते (te) - to you; श्रुतम् (śrutam) - what is heard;]
(O great king, know what I shall say to you, hear that. Just as medicine may not be pleasing to one desiring to die, even what is heard may not be pleasing to you.)
O great king, know what I am about to say to you and listen. Just as medicine is not pleasing to one who wishes to die, what you hear may not be pleasing to you. (2-55-1)
यद्वै पुरा जातमात्रो रुराव; गोमायुवद्विस्वरं पापचेताः। दुर्योधनो भारतानां कुलघ्नः; सोऽयं युक्तो भविता कालहेतुः ॥२-५५-२॥
yad vai purā jātamātro rurāva; gomāyu-vad visvaraṃ pāpacetāḥ। duryodhano bhāratānāṃ kulaghnaḥ; so'yaṃ yukto bhavitā kālahetuḥ ॥2-55-2॥
[यत् (yat) - which; वै (vai) - indeed; पुरा (purā) - formerly; जातमात्रः (jātamātraḥ) - just born; रुराव (rurāva) - cried; गोमायुवत् (gomāyu-vat) - like a jackal; विस्वरम् (visvaram) - discordant; पापचेताः (pāpacetāḥ) - evil-minded; दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana; भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the Bhāratas; कुलघ्नः (kulaghnaḥ) - destroyer of the family; सः (saḥ) - he; अयम् (ayam) - this; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - appointed; भविता (bhavitā) - will be; कालहेतुः (kālahetuḥ) - cause of destruction;]
(Which indeed formerly, just born, cried; like a jackal, discordant, evil-minded. Duryodhana, destroyer of the Bhāratas' family; he, this one, appointed, will be, cause of destruction. (2-55-2))
When he was just born, Duryodhana, evil-minded and destroyer of the Bhāratas' family, cried out in a discordant voice like a jackal; he is destined to be the cause of destruction. (2-55-2)
गृहे वसन्तं गोमायुं त्वं वै मत्वा न बुध्यसे। दुर्योधनस्य रूपेण शृणु काव्यां गिरं मम ॥२-५५-३॥
gṛhe vasantaṃ gomāyuṃ tvaṃ vai matvā na budhyase. duryodhanasya rūpeṇa śṛṇu kāvyāṃ giraṃ mama ॥2-55-3॥
[गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; वसन्तं (vasantaṃ) - dwelling; गोमायुं (gomāyuṃ) - a jackal; त्वं (tvaṃ) - you; वै (vai) - indeed; मत्वा (matvā) - having considered; न (na) - not; बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you understand; दुर्योधनस्य (duryodhanasya) - of Duryodhana; रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - in the form; शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear; काव्यां (kāvyāṃ) - poetic; गिरं (giraṃ) - speech; मम (mama) - my;]
(In the house dwelling a jackal you indeed having considered not you understand. Of Duryodhana in the form hear poetic speech my.)
You do not realize that you have a jackal dwelling in your house, thinking otherwise. Listen to my poetic speech in the form of Duryodhana. (2-55-3)
मधु वै माध्विको लब्ध्वा प्रपातं नावबुध्यते। आरुह्य तं मज्जति वा पतनं वाधिगच्छति ॥२-५५-४॥
madhu vai mādhviko labdhvā prapātaṃ nāvabudhyate। āruhya taṃ majjati vā patanaṃ vādhigacchati ॥2-55-4॥
[मधु (madhu) - honey; वै (vai) - indeed; माध्विकः (mādhvikaḥ) - the honey-gatherer; लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained; प्रपातम् (prapātam) - precipice; न (na) - not; अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - becomes aware; आaruh्य (āruhya) - having climbed; तम् (tam) - that; मज्जति (majjati) - sinks; वा (vā) - or; पतनम् (patanam) - fall; वा (vā) - or; अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - reaches;]
(Honey indeed the honey-gatherer having obtained a precipice not becomes aware; having climbed that sinks or fall or reaches.)
The honey-gatherer, having obtained honey, does not notice the precipice; having climbed it, he either sinks, falls, or meets his end. (2-55-4)
सोऽयं मत्तोऽक्षदेवेन मधुवन्न परीक्षते। प्रपातं बुध्यते नैव वैरं कृत्वा महारथैः ॥२-५५-५॥
so'yaṃ matto'kṣadevena madhuvanna parīkṣate। prapātaṃ budhyate naiva vairaṃ kṛtvā mahārathaiḥ ॥2-55-5॥
[सः (saḥ) - he; अयम् (ayam) - this; मत्तः (mattaḥ) - from me; अक्षदेवेन (akṣadevena) - by the god of dice; मधुवत् (madhuvat) - like honey; न (na) - not; परीक्षते (parīkṣate) - is examined; प्रपातम् (prapātam) - the fall; बुध्यते (budhyate) - is realized; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; वैरम् (vairam) - enmity; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made; महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great chariot-warriors;]
(He, this one, by me, by the god of dice, like honey, not is examined; the fall is realized not indeed, enmity having made by great chariot-warriors.)
He, being deluded by me and the god of dice, is tested as if with honey; he does not realize the downfall, nor the enmity he has created with the great chariot-warriors. (2-55-5)
विदितं ते महाराज राजस्वेवासमञ्जसम्। अन्धका यादवा भोजाः समेताः कंसमत्यजन् ॥२-५५-६॥
viditaṃ te mahārāja rājasvevā-samañjasam। andhakā yādavā bhojāḥ sametāḥ kaṃsam-atyajan ॥2-55-6॥
[विदितं (viditam) - known; ते (te) - to you; महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king; राजस्वे (rājasve) - in the royal treasury; एव (eva) - indeed; असमञ्जसम् (asamañjasam) - improper; अन्धका (andhakāḥ) - the Andhakas; यादवाः (yādavāḥ) - the Yādavas; भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - the Bhojas; समेताः (sametāḥ) - assembled; कंसम् (kaṃsam) - Kaṃsa; अत्यजन् (atyajan) - abandoned;]
(Known to you, O great king, in the royal treasury indeed improper; the Andhakas, Yādavas, Bhojas, assembled, abandoned Kaṃsa.)
O great king, you already know that the Andhakas, Yādavas, and Bhojas, having assembled, abandoned Kaṃsa due to his improper conduct in the royal treasury. (2-55-6)
नियोगाच्च हते तस्मिन्कृष्णेनामित्रघातिना। एवं ते ज्ञातयः सर्वे मोदमानाः शतं समाः ॥२-५५-७॥
niyogācca hate tasmin kṛṣṇenāmitraghātinā। evaṃ te jñātayaḥ sarve modamānāḥ śataṃ samāḥ ॥2-55-7॥
[नियोगात् (niyogāt) - from command; च (ca) - and; हते (hate) - having been slain; तस्मिन् (tasmin) - him; कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa; अमित्रघातिना (amitragātinā) - by the slayer of enemies; एवं (evaṃ) - thus; ते (te) - they; ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - relatives; सर्वे (sarve) - all; मोदमानाः (modamānāḥ) - rejoicing; शतं (śatam) - a hundred; समाः (samāḥ) - years;]
(From command and having been slain him by Kṛṣṇa, the slayer of enemies, thus they, all relatives, rejoicing, a hundred years.)
After he was slain by Kṛṣṇa, the destroyer of enemies, on command, all his relatives rejoiced for a hundred years. (2-55-7)
त्वन्नियुक्तः सव्यसाची निगृह्णातु सुयोधनम्। निग्रहादस्य पापस्य मोदन्तां कुरवः सुखम् ॥२-५५-८॥
tvanniyuktaḥ savyasācī nigṛhṇātu suyodhanam। nigrahādasya pāpasya modantāṃ kuravaḥ sukham ॥2-55-8॥
[त्वत् (tvat) - by you; नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed; सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna; निगृह्णातु (nigṛhṇātu) - let restrain; सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Duryodhana; निग्रहात् (nigrahāt) - from restraint; अस्य (asya) - of this; पापस्य (pāpasya) - of the wicked; मोदन्ताम् (modantām) - may rejoice; कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus; सुखम् (sukham) - happiness;]
(Appointed by you, Arjuna, let him restrain Duryodhana. From the restraint of this wicked one, may the Kurus rejoice in happiness.)
Let Arjuna, appointed by you, restrain Duryodhana. By restraining this wicked one, may the Kurus rejoice in happiness. (2-55-8)
काकेनेमांश्चित्रबर्हाञ्शार्दूलान्क्रोष्टुकेन च। क्रीणीष्व पाण्डवान्राजन्मा मज्जीः शोकसागरे ॥२-५५-९॥
kākenemāṃś citrabarhāñ śārdūlān kroṣṭukena ca। krīṇīṣva pāṇḍavān rājan mā majjīḥ śokasāgare ॥2-55-9॥
[काकेना (kākena) - by a crow; इमांश्चित्रबर्हान् (imāṃś citrabarhān) - these with variegated feathers; शार्दूलान् (śārdūlān) - tigers; क्रोष्टुकेन (kroṣṭukena) - by a jackal; च (ca) - and; क्रीणीष्व (krīṇīṣva) - buy; पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas; राजन् (rājan) - O king; मा (mā) - do not; मज्जीः (majjīḥ) - sink; शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow;]
(By a crow, these with variegated feathers, tigers by a jackal and, buy the Pāṇḍavas, O king, do not sink in the ocean of sorrow.)
O king, buy the Pāṇḍavas as a crow buys birds with variegated feathers and a jackal buys tigers; do not sink in the ocean of sorrow. (2-55-9)
त्यजेत्कुलार्थे पुरुषं ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत्। ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ॥२-५५-१०॥
tyajetkulārthe puruṣaṃ grāmasyārthe kulaṃ tyajet। grāmaṃ janapadsyārthe ātmārthe pṛthivīṃ tyajet ॥2-55-10॥
[त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon; कुलार्थे (kulārthe) - for the sake of the family; पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person; ग्रामस्यार्थे (grāmasyārthe) - for the sake of the village; कुलम् (kulam) - the family; त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon; ग्रामम् (grāmam) - the village; जनपदस्यार्थे (janapadsyārthe) - for the sake of the country; आत्मार्थे (ātmārthe) - for the sake of oneself; पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth;]
(Should abandon for the sake of the family a person; for the sake of the village the family should abandon; the village for the sake of the country; for the sake of oneself the earth should abandon.)
One should sacrifice an individual for the sake of the family, a family for the sake of the village, a village for the sake of the country, and even the whole earth for the sake of oneself. (2-55-10)
सर्वज्ञः सर्वभावज्ञः सर्वशत्रुभयङ्करः। इति स्म भाषते काव्यो जम्भत्यागे महासुरान् ॥२-५५-११॥
sarvajñaḥ sarvabhāvajñaḥ sarvaśatrubhayaṅkaraḥ। iti sma bhāṣate kāvyo jambhatyāge mahāsurān ॥2-55-11॥
[सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - all-knowing; सर्वभावज्ञः (sarvabhāvajñaḥ) - knower of all states; सर्वशत्रुभयङ्करः (sarvaśatrubhayaṅkaraḥ) - causing fear to all enemies; इति (iti) - thus; स्म (sma) - indeed; भाषते (bhāṣate) - speaks; काव्यः (kāvyaḥ) - Kāvya (Śukra); जम्भत्यागे (jambhatyāge) - at the departure of Jambha; महासुरान् (mahāsurān) - great asuras (demons);]
(All-knowing, knower of all states, causing fear to all enemies—thus indeed speaks Kāvya at the departure of Jambha to the great asuras.)
Kāvya (Śukra), who knows everything, understands all states, and is a terror to all enemies, thus spoke to the great asuras when Jambha departed. (2-55-11)
हिरण्यष्ठीविनः कश्चित्पक्षिणो वनगोचरान्। गृहे किल कृतावासाँल्लोभाद्राजन्नपीडयत् ॥२-५५-१२॥
hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ kaścitpakṣiṇo vanagocarān। gṛhe kila kṛtāvāsāṃllobhādrājannapīḍayat ॥2-55-12॥
[हिरण्यष्ठीविनः (hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ) - of the money-changer; कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone; पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds; वनगोचरान् (vanagocarān) - dwelling in the forest; गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house; किल (kila) - indeed; कृतावासान् (kṛtāvāsān) - having made abode; लोभात् (lobhāt) - out of greed; राजन् (rājan) - O king; अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - tormented;]
(Of the money-changer, someone (having) birds dwelling in the forest, indeed, having made (them) abode in the house, out of greed, O king, tormented (them).)
O king, a certain money-changer, out of greed, brought forest-dwelling birds into his house and tormented them. (2-55-12)
सदोपभोज्याँल्लोभान्धो हिरण्यार्थे परन्तप। आयतिं च तदात्वं च उभे सद्यो व्यनाशयत् ॥२-५५-१३॥
sadopabhojyāṃllobhāndho hiraṇyārthe parantapa। āyatiṃ ca tadātvaṃ ca ubhe sadyo vyanāśayat ॥2-55-13॥
[सदा (sadā) - always; उपभोज्यान् (upabhojyān) - to be enjoyed; (objects) लोभान्धः (lobhāndhaḥ) - blinded by greed; हिरण्य-अर्थे (hiraṇya-arthe) - for the sake of gold; परन्तप (parantapa) - O scorcher of foes; आयतिम् (āyatim) - future gain; च (ca) - and; तदात्वम् (tadātvam) - present gain; च (ca) - and; उभे (ubhe) - both; सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately; व्यानाशयत् (vyanāśayat) - destroyed; ॥२-५५-१३॥ (॥2-55-13॥) -;]
(Always-to-be-enjoyed, blinded by greed, for the sake of gold, O scorcher of foes, future gain and present gain, both, immediately, destroyed.)
O Parantapa, blinded by greed for gold, one who always consumes what should be preserved destroys both present and future gains at once. (2-55-13)
तदात्वकामः पाण्डूंस्त्वं मा द्रुहो भरतर्षभ। मोहात्मा तप्यसे पश्चात्पक्षिहा पुरुषो यथा ॥२-५५-१४॥
tadātvakāmaḥ pāṇḍūṁstvaṁ mā druho bharatarṣabha। mohātmā tapyase paścātpakṣihā puruṣo yathā ॥2-55-14॥
[तदा (tadā) - then; त्वकामः (tvakāmaḥ) - desiring you; पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pāṇḍavas; त्वं (tvaṁ) - you; मा (mā) - do not; द्रुहः (druhaḥ) - bear ill-will; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; मोहात्मा (mohātmā) - deluded in mind; तप्यसे (tapyase) - you suffer; पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards; पक्षिहा (pakṣihā) - bird-killer; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man; यथा (yathā) - just as;]
(Then, desiring you, the Pāṇḍavas—you do not bear ill-will, O bull among the Bharatas. Deluded in mind, you suffer afterwards, just as a man who kills a bird.)
Then, O best of the Bharatas, do not bear ill-will towards the Pāṇḍavas who desire you. One who is deluded in mind suffers afterwards, just as a man who kills a bird. (2-55-14)
जातं जातं पाण्डवेभ्यः पुष्पमादत्स्व भारत। मालाकार इवारामे स्नेहं कुर्वन्पुनः पुनः ॥२-५५-१५॥
jātaṃ jātaṃ pāṇḍavebhyaḥ puṣpamādatsva bhārata। mālākāra ivārāme snehaṃ kurvanpunaḥ punaḥ ॥2-55-15॥
[जातं (jātam) - born; arisen; जातं (jātam) - born; arisen; पाण्डवेभ्यः (pāṇḍavebhyaḥ) - to the Pāṇḍavas; पुष्पम् (puṣpam) - flower; आदत्स्व (ādatsva) - take; accept; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; मालाकारः (mālākāraḥ) - garland-maker; इव (iva) - like; as; आरामे (ārāme) - in the garden; स्नेहम् (sneham) - affection; love; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing; making; पुनः (punaḥ) - again; पुनः (punaḥ) - again;]
(Born born to the Pāṇḍavas, flower take O Bhārata. Like a garland-maker in the garden, affection doing again and again.)
O Bhārata, as each child is born to the Pāṇḍavas, accept them like a garland-maker in a garden repeatedly gathers flowers, showing affection again and again. (2-55-15)
वृक्षानङ्गारकारीव मैनान्धाक्षीः समूलकान्। मा गमः ससुतामात्यः सबलश्च पराभवम् ॥२-५५-१६॥
vṛkṣānaṅgārakārīva maināndhākṣīḥ samūlakān। mā gamaḥ sasutāmātyaḥ sabalaśca parābhavam ॥2-55-16॥
[वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees; अङ्गारकारी (aṅgārakārī) - one who makes into charcoal; इव (iva) - like; मैन (mai) - do not; अन्धाक्षीः (andhākṣīḥ) - blind-eyed (destroyer); समूलकान् (samūlakān) - with roots (root and all); मा (mā) - do not; गमः (gamaḥ) - go (reach, attain); सुत (suta) - son; अमात्यः (amātyaḥ) - minister; सबलः (sabalaḥ) - with army; च (ca) - and; पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, destruction;]
(Like one who makes trees into charcoal, do not, O blind-eyed one, destroy those with roots. Do not go, with your son, minister, and army, to defeat.)
Do not, like one who turns trees into charcoal and destroys them with their roots, go blindly with your son, minister, and army towards defeat. (2-55-16)
समवेतान्हि कः पार्थान्प्रतियुध्येत भारत। मरुद्भिः सहितो राजन्नपि साक्षान्मरुत्पतिः ॥२-५५-१७॥
samavetān hi kaḥ pārthān pratiyudhyeta bhārata। marudbhiḥ sahito rājann api sākṣān marutpatiḥ ॥2-55-17॥
[समवेतान् (samavetān) - assembled; joined together; हि (hi) - indeed; surely; कः (kaḥ) - who; पार्थान् (pārthān) - the sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna and his brothers); प्रतियुध्येत (pratiyudhyeta) - could fight against; भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata; मरुद्भिः (marudbhiḥ) - with the Maruts (storm gods); सहितः (sahitaḥ) - together with; accompanied by; राजन् (rājan) - O king; अपि (api) - even; साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly; in person; मरुत्पतिः (marutpatiḥ) - the lord of the Maruts (Indra);]
(Indeed, who could fight against the assembled sons of Pṛthā, O Bhārata? Even the lord of the Maruts (Indra), accompanied by the Maruts, O king, directly (himself), could not.)
O Bhārata, who could possibly fight against the assembled sons of Pṛthā? Even Indra himself, accompanied by the Maruts, O king, could not prevail. (2-55-17)
