12.201
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca॥
[युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira; (proper noun, name of a person); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (from the root 'vac', to speak);]
(Yudhiṣṭhira said;)
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
के पूर्वमासन्पतयः प्रजानां भरतर्षभ। के चर्षयो महाभागा दिक्षु प्रत्येकशः स्मृताः ॥१२-२०१-१॥
ke pūrvam āsan patayaḥ prajānāṃ bharatarṣabha। ke ca ṛṣayo mahābhāgā dikṣu pratyekaśaḥ smṛtāḥ ॥12-201-1॥
[के (ke) - who; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; आसन् (āsan) - were; पतयः (patayaḥ) - lords; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of beings; भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O bull among the Bharatas; के (ke) - who; च (ca) - and; ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages; महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate; दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions; प्रत्येकशः (pratyekaśaḥ) - individually; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered;]
(Who formerly were the lords of beings, O bull among the Bharatas? And who are the greatly fortunate sages remembered individually in the directions?)
O best of the Bharatas, who were the lords of beings in ancient times? And who are the greatly fortunate sages remembered in each direction?
भीष्म उवाच॥
bhīṣma uvāca॥
[भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma; (name of the speaker); उवाच (uvāca) - said; (he spoke);]
(Bhīṣma said;)
Bhīṣma said.
श्रूयतां भरतश्रेष्ठ यन्मा त्वं परिपृच्छसि। प्रजानां पतयो ये स्म दिक्षु प्रत्येकशः स्मृताः ॥१२-२०१-२॥
śrūyatāṃ bharataśreṣṭha yan mā tvaṃ paripṛcchasi। prajānāṃ patayo ye sma dikṣu pratyekaśaḥ smṛtāḥ ॥12-201-2॥
[श्रूयतां (śrūyatām) - let it be heard; भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bharatas; यत् (yat) - which; मा (mā) - me; त्वम् (tvam) - you; परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - ask thoroughly; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people; पतयः (patayaḥ) - lords; ये (ye) - who; स्म (sma) - indeed; दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions; प्रत्येकशः (pratyekaśaḥ) - individually; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered;]
(Let it be heard, O best of the Bharatas, which you ask me; the lords of the people who indeed are remembered individually in the directions.)
O best of the Bharatas, listen to what you have asked me: the lords of the people who are remembered individually in each direction.
एकः स्वयम्भूर्भगवानाद्यो ब्रह्मा सनातनः। ब्रह्मणः सप्त पुत्रा वै महात्मानः स्वयम्भुवः ॥१२-२०१-३॥
ekaḥ svayambhūrbhagavānādyo brahmā sanātanaḥ। brahmaṇaḥ sapta putrā vai mahātmānaḥ svayambhuvaḥ ॥12-201-3॥
[एकः (ekaḥ) - one; स्वयम्भूः (svayambhūḥ) - self-born; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the glorious; आद्यः (ādyaḥ) - the first; ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā; सप्त (sapta) - seven; पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons; वै (vai) - indeed; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled; स्वयम्भुवः (svayambhuvaḥ) - of Svayambhu; ॥१२-२०१-३॥ (॥12-201-3॥) - ॥12-201-3॥;]
(One self-born, glorious, first, Brahmā, eternal. Of Brahmā, seven sons indeed, great-souled, of Svayambhu. ॥12-201-3॥)
There is one self-born, glorious, and eternal Brahmā, the first. From Brahmā, there are indeed seven great-souled sons of Svayambhu. ॥12-201-3॥
मरीचिरत्र्यङ्गिरसौ पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः। वसिष्ठश्च महाभागः सदृशा वै स्वयम्भुवा ॥१२-२०१-४॥
marīcir atryaṅgirasau pulastyaḥ pulahaḥ kratuḥ। vasiṣṭhaś ca mahābhāgaḥ sadṛśā vai svayambhuvā ॥12-201-4॥
[मरीचिः (marīciḥ) - Marīci; (a sage; अत्र्यङ्गिरसौ (atry-aṅgirasau) - Atri and Aṅgiras; (two sages; पुलस्त्यः (pulastyaḥ) - Pulastya; (a sage; पुलहः (pulahaḥ) - Pulaha; (a sage; क्रतुः (kratuḥ) - Kratu; (a sage; वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha; (a sage; च (ca) - and; महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - greatly fortunate; (highly blessed; सदृशाः (sadṛśāḥ) - similar; (equal; वै (vai) - indeed; स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - to Svayambhū (the self-born, i.e., Brahmā);]
(Marīci, Atri and Aṅgiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, and Vasiṣṭha, the greatly fortunate, all similar indeed to Svayambhū (the self-born).)
Marīci, Atri, Aṅgiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, and the highly blessed Vasiṣṭha were all similar to Svayambhū (Brahmā) himself.
सप्त ब्रह्माण इत्येष पुराणे निश्चयो गतः। अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वानेव प्रजापतीन् ॥१२-२०१-५॥
sapta brahmāṇa ityeṣa purāṇe niścayo gataḥ। ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi sarvāneva prajāpatīn ॥12-201-5॥
[सप्त (sapta) - seven; ब्रह्माण (brahmāṇa) - Brahmās; इति (iti) - thus; एष (eṣa) - this; पुराणे (purāṇe) - in the Purāṇa; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - determination; गतः (gataḥ) - has been made; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - afterwards; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; सर्वान् (sarvān) - all; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रजापतीन् (prajāpatīn) - Prajāpatis;]
(Seven Brahmās thus—this determination has been made in the Purāṇa. Therefore, afterwards, I shall declare all indeed the Prajāpatis.)
It has been established in the Purāṇa that there are seven Brahmās. Therefore, I shall now describe all the Prajāpatis.
अत्रिवंशसमुत्पन्नो ब्रह्मयोनिः सनातनः। प्राचीनबर्हिर्भगवांस्तस्मात्प्राचेतसो दश ॥१२-२०१-६॥
atrivaṃśa-samutpanno brahma-yoniḥ sanātanaḥ। prācīna-barhir-bhagavāṃs-tasmāt-prācetaso daśa ॥12-201-6॥
[अत्रिवंश (atrivaṃśa) - from the lineage of Atri; समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - born; ब्रह्मयोनिः (brahma-yoniḥ) - having Brahmā as origin; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal; प्राचीनबर्हिः (prācīna-barhiḥ) - Prācīnabarhi (name); भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him; प्राचेतसः (prācetasaḥ) - descendants of Prācīnabarhi; दश (daśa) - ten;]
(Born from the lineage of Atri, having Brahmā as origin, eternal, Prācīnabarhi, the venerable; from him, ten Prācetasa descendants.)
Prācīnabarhi, the eternal and venerable one, was born from the lineage of Atri and had Brahmā as his origin. From him came the ten Prācetasa descendants.
दशानां तनयस्त्वेको दक्षो नाम प्रजापतिः। तस्य द्वे नामनी लोके दक्षः क इति चोच्यते ॥१२-२०१-७॥
daśānāṃ tanayastvaiko dakṣo nāma prajāpatiḥ। tasya dve nāmanī loke dakṣaḥ ka iti cocyate ॥12-201-7॥
[दशानाम् (daśānām) - of the ten; तनयः (tanayaḥ) - son; त्व् (tv) - indeed; एकः (ekaḥ) - one; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - Daksha; नाम (nāma) - by name; प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajapati; तस्य (tasya) - his; द्वे (dve) - two; नामनी (nāmanī) - names; लोके (loke) - in the world; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - Daksha; क (ka) - Ka; इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
(Of the ten, indeed, one son (is) Daksha by name, Prajapati. Of him, two names in the world: Daksha and Ka, thus and is called.)
Of the ten, there is one son named Daksha, the Prajapati. He is known in the world by two names: Daksha and Ka.
मरीचेः कश्यपः पुत्रस्तस्य द्वे नामनी श्रुते। अरिष्टनेमिरित्येकं कश्यपेत्यपरं विदुः ॥१२-२०१-८॥
marīceḥ kaśyapaḥ putras tasya dve nāmanī śrute। ariṣṭanemir ity ekaṃ kaśyapety aparaṃ viduḥ॥12-201-8॥
[मरीचेः (marīceḥ) - of Marīci; कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; तस्य (tasya) - his; द्वे (dve) - two; नामनी (nāmanī) - names; श्रुते (śrute) - are heard; अरिष्टनेमिः (ariṣṭanemiḥ) - Ariṣṭanemi; इति (iti) - thus; एकम् (ekam) - one; कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa; इति (iti) - thus; अपरम् (aparam) - the other; विदुः (viduḥ) - they know;]
(Of Marīci, Kaśyapa (is) the son; of him, two names are heard. Ariṣṭanemi—thus one (name), Kaśyapa—thus the other, they know.)
Kaśyapa, the son of Marīci, is known by two names: one is Ariṣṭanemi and the other is Kaśyapa.
अङ्गश्चैवौरसः श्रीमान्राजा भौमश्च वीर्यवान्। सहस्रं यश्च दिव्यानां युगानां पर्युपासिता ॥१२-२०१-९॥
aṅgaś caivaurasaḥ śrīmān rājā bhaumaś ca vīryavān। sahasraṃ yaś ca divyānāṃ yugānāṃ paryupāsitā ॥12-201-9॥
[अङ्गः (aṅgaḥ) - Aṅga; (proper noun, name of a person); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; औरसः (aurasaḥ) - born from the womb; legitimate son; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - prosperous; illustrious; राजा (rājā) - king; भौमः (bhaumaḥ) - son of the earth; च (ca) - and; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful; possessing strength; सहस्रं (sahasraṃ) - a thousand; यः (yaḥ) - who; च (ca) - and; दिव्यानाम् (divyānām) - of the divine; युगानाम् (yugānām) - of ages; पर्युपासिता (paryupāsitā) - worshipped; served; ॥१२-२०१-९॥ (॥12-201-9॥) -;]
(Aṅga and indeed the legitimate son, the illustrious king, and Bhauma, powerful; a thousand (years) and who (was) worshipped of the divine ages.)
Aṅga, the legitimate son, the illustrious king, and Bhauma, who was powerful, was worshipped for a thousand divine ages.
अर्यमा चैव भगवान्ये चान्ये तनया विभो। एते प्रदेशाः कथिता भुवनानां प्रभावनाः ॥१२-२०१-१०॥
aryamā caiva bhagavān ye ca anye tanayā vibho। ete pradeśāḥ kathitā bhuvanānāṃ prabhāvanāḥ ॥12-201-10॥
[अर्यमा (aryamā) - Aryaman; (a Vedic deity;) च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed one; ये (ye) - who; च (ca) - and; अन्ये (anye) - others; तनया (tanayā) - sons; विभो (vibho) - O mighty one; एते (ete) - these; प्रदेशाः (pradeśāḥ) - regions; कथिताः (kathitāḥ) - have been described; भुवनानाम् (bhuvanānām) - of the worlds; प्रभावनाः (prabhāvanāḥ) - sources of power;]
(Aryaman and indeed the blessed one, and others, sons, O mighty one; these regions have been described as the sources of power of the worlds.)
Aryaman, the blessed one, and other sons, O mighty one; these regions have been described as the sources of power for the worlds.
शशबिन्दोश्च भार्याणां सहस्राणि दशाच्युत। एकैकस्यां सहस्रं तु तनयानामभूत्तदा ॥१२-२०१-११॥
śaśabindoś ca bhāryāṇāṃ sahasrāṇi daśācyuta। ekaikasyāṃ sahasraṃ tu tanayānām abhūt tadā ॥12-201-11॥
[शशबिन्दोः (śaśabindoḥ) - of Śaśabindu; च (ca) - and; भार्याणां (bhāryāṇām) - of wives; सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands; दश (daśa) - ten; अच्युत (acyuta) - O Acyuta; एकैकस्याम् (ekaikasyām) - in each one; सहस्रं (sahasram) - a thousand; तु (tu) - indeed; तनयानाम् (tanayānām) - of sons; अभूत् (abhūt) - there were; तदा (tadā) - then;]
(Of Śaśabindu and of wives thousands ten, O Acyuta; in each one, a thousand of sons indeed there were then.)
O Acyuta, Śaśabindu had ten thousand wives, and in each one, there were a thousand sons at that time.
एवं शतसहस्राणां शतं तस्य महात्मनः। पुत्राणां न च ते कञ्चिदिच्छन्त्यन्यं प्रजापतिम् ॥१२-२०१-१२॥
evaṃ śatasahasrāṇāṃ śataṃ tasya mahātmanaḥ। putrāṇāṃ na ca te kañcidicchantyan yaṃ prajāpatim ॥12-201-12॥
[एवं (evaṃ) - thus; शतसहस्राणां (śatasahasrāṇāṃ) - of hundred thousands; शतं (śatam) - hundred; तस्य (tasya) - of him; महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled; पुत्राणां (putrāṇām) - of sons; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; ते (te) - they; कञ्चित् (kañcit) - any; इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - desire; अन्यं (anyaṃ) - another; प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - progenitor;]
(Thus, of hundred thousands, a hundred of his great-souled sons, and they do not desire any other progenitor.)
Thus, among the hundred thousands, a hundred sons of that great-souled one, none of them desire any other progenitor.
प्रजामाचक्षते विप्राः पौराणीं शाशबिन्दवीम्। स वृष्णिवंशप्रभवो महान्वंशः प्रजापतेः ॥१२-२०१-१३॥
prajām ācakṣate viprāḥ paurāṇīṃ śāśabindavīm। sa vṛṣṇivaṃśaprabhavo mahān vaṃśaḥ prajāpateḥ ॥12-201-13॥
[प्रजाम् (prajām) - progeny; आचक्षते (ācakṣate) - they declare; विप्राः (viprāḥ) - sages; पौराणीम् (paurāṇīm) - ancient; शाशबिन्दवीम् (śāśabindavīm) - of Śāśabindu; सः (saḥ) - he; वृष्णिवंशप्रभवः (vṛṣṇivaṃśaprabhavaḥ) - originating from the Vṛṣṇi lineage; महान् (mahān) - great; वंशः (vaṃśaḥ) - lineage; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati;]
(The sages declare the progeny, the ancient lineage of Śāśabindu. That great lineage, originating from the Vṛṣṇi line, is of Prajāpati.)
The sages speak of the ancient lineage of Śāśabindu. This great lineage, descended from the Vṛṣṇis, is that of Prajāpati.
एते प्रजानां पतयः समुद्दिष्टा यशस्विनः। अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि देवांस्त्रिभुवनेश्वरान् ॥१२-२०१-१४॥
ete prajānāṃ patayaḥ samuddiṣṭā yaśasvinaḥ। ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi devāṃstribhuvaneśvarān ॥12-201-14॥
[एते (ete) - these; प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of beings; पतयः (patayaḥ) - lords; समुद्दिष्टाः (samuddiṣṭāḥ) - enumerated; यशस्विनः (yaśasvinaḥ) - illustrious; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; परम् (param) - further; प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare; देवान् (devān) - the gods; त्रिभुवनेश्वरान् (tribhuvaneśvarān) - lords of the three worlds;]
(These lords of beings have been enumerated, illustrious ones. Therefore, further, I shall declare the gods, lords of the three worlds.)
These illustrious lords of beings have been listed. Now, I will describe the gods, the rulers of the three worlds.
भगोंऽशश्चार्यमा चैव मित्रोऽथ वरुणस्तथा। सविता चैव धाता च विवस्वांश्च महाबलः ॥१२-२०१-१५॥
bhago'ṁśaś cāryamā caiva mitro'tha varuṇas tathā| savitā caiva dhātā ca vivasvāṁś ca mahābalaḥ ||12-201-15||
[भगः (bhagaḥ) - dispenser (of fortune); अंशः (aṁśaḥ) - portion; च (ca) - and; अर्यमाः (aryamāḥ) - Aryaman (a Vedic deity); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; मित्रः (mitraḥ) - Mitra (a Vedic deity); अथ (atha) - and then; वरुणः (varuṇaḥ) - Varuṇa (a Vedic deity); तथा (tathā) - likewise; सविता (savitā) - Savitṛ (the Sun deity); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; धाता (dhātā) - Dhātṛ (the supporter); च (ca) - and; विवस्वान् (vivasvān) - Vivasvān (the Sun); च (ca) - and; महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - of great strength;]
(Bhaga, Aṁśa, Aryaman indeed, and Mitra, and then Varuṇa likewise; Savitṛ indeed, Dhātṛ and Vivasvān and (all) of great strength.)
Bhaga, Aṁśa, Aryaman, Mitra, Varuṇa, Savitṛ, Dhātṛ, and Vivasvān—all of great strength—(are present here).
पूषा त्वष्टा तथैवेन्द्रो द्वादशो विष्णुरुच्यते। त एते द्वादशादित्याः कश्यपस्यात्मसम्भवाः ॥१२-२०१-१६॥
pūṣā tvaṣṭā tathaiva indro dvādaśo viṣṇuḥ ucyate। ta ete dvādaśa ādityāḥ kaśyapasya ātmasambhavāḥ ॥12-201-16॥
[पूषा (pūṣā) - the nourisher; (name of a deity); त्वष्टा (tvaṣṭā) - the shaper; (name of a deity); तथा (tathā) - likewise; एव (eva) - indeed; इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra; (name of a deity); द्वादशः (dvādaśaḥ) - the twelfth; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; (name of a deity); उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; ते (te) - they; एते (ete) - these; द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve; आदित्याः (ādityāḥ) - Ādityas; (solar deities); कश्यपस्य (kaśyapasya) - of Kaśyapa; आत्मसम्भवाः (ātmasambhavāḥ) - born from (his) self;]
(Pūṣā, Tvaṣṭā, likewise indeed Indra, the twelfth Viṣṇu is called. They, these twelve Ādityas, are born from the self of Kaśyapa.)
Pūṣā, Tvaṣṭā, and likewise Indra, and the twelfth, Viṣṇu, are so called. These twelve Ādityas are all born from Kaśyapa himself.
नासत्यश्चैव दस्रश्च स्मृतौ द्वावश्विनावपि। मार्ताण्डस्यात्मजावेतावष्टमस्य प्रजापतेः ॥१२-२०१-१७॥
nāsatyaścaiva dasraśca smṛtau dvāvaśvināvapi। mārṭāṇḍasyātmajāvetāvaṣṭamasya prajāpateḥ ॥12-201-17॥
[नासत्यः (nāsatyaḥ) - Nāsatya; (one of the Aśvins; name; derived from 'na asatya', not untrue;) च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; दस्रः (dasraḥ) - Dasra; (the other Aśvin; name; meaning 'wonder-worker';) च (ca) - and; स्मृतौ (smṛtau) - in tradition; द्वौ (dvau) - two; अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - Aśvins; (divine twin horsemen;) अपि (api) - also; मार्ताण्डस्य (mārṭāṇḍasya) - of Mārṭāṇḍa; (the Sun;) आत्मजौ (ātmajau) - sons; एतौ (etau) - these two; अष्टमस्य (aṣṭamasya) - of the eighth; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati; (the progenitor;);]
(Nāsatya and indeed Dasra, in tradition, the two Aśvins also, of Mārṭāṇḍa, sons, these two, of the eighth, of Prajāpati.)
Nāsatya and Dasra, the two Aśvins, are also remembered in tradition as the sons of Mārṭāṇḍa, the eighth son of Prajāpati.
त्वष्टुश्चैवात्मजः श्रीमान्विश्वरूपो महायशाः। अजैकपादहिर्बुध्न्यो विरूपाक्षोऽथ रैवतः ॥१२-२०१-१८॥
tvaṣṭuścaivātmajaḥ śrīmān viśvarūpo mahāyaśāḥ। ajaikapād ahirbudhnyo virūpākṣo'tha raivataḥ॥12-201-18॥
[त्वष्टुः (tvaṣṭuḥ) - of Tvaṣṭṛ; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son; श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - prosperous; विश्वरूपः (viśvarūpaḥ) - Viśvarūpa; महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly renowned; अजैकपात् (ajaikapāt) - Ajaikapāt; अहिर्बुध्न्यः (ahirbudhnyaḥ) - Ahirbudhnya; विरूपाक्षः (virūpākṣaḥ) - Virūpākṣa; अथ (atha) - then; रैवतः (raivataḥ) - Raivata;]
(Of Tvaṣṭṛ and indeed his son, the prosperous, Viśvarūpa, greatly renowned; Ajaikapāt, Ahirbudhnya, Virūpākṣa, then Raivata.)
The prosperous and greatly renowned Viśvarūpa, son of Tvaṣṭṛ, as well as Ajaikapāt, Ahirbudhnya, Virūpākṣa, and then Raivata.
हरश्च बहुरूपश्च त्र्यम्बकश्च सुरेश्वरः। सावित्रश्च जयन्तश्च पिनाकी चापराजितः ॥ पूर्वमेव महाभागा वसवोऽष्टौ प्रकीर्तिताः ॥१२-२०१-१९॥
haraś ca bahurūpaś ca tryambakaś ca sureśvaraḥ। sāvitraś ca jayantaś ca pinākī ca aparājitaḥ ॥ pūrvam eva mahābhāgā vasavo'ṣṭau prakīrtitāḥ ॥12-201-19॥
[हरः (haraḥ) - Hara; च (ca) - and; बहुरूपः (bahurūpaḥ) - of many forms; च (ca) - and; त्र्यम्बकः (tryambakaḥ) - three-eyed; च (ca) - and; सुरेश्वरः (sureśvaraḥ) - lord of the gods; सावित्रः (sāvitraḥ) - Savitṛ; च (ca) - and; जयन्तः (jayantaḥ) - victorious; च (ca) - and; पिनाकी (pinākī) - wielder of Pināka (Śiva's bow); च (ca) - and; अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - unconquered; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly; एव (eva) - indeed; महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate ones; वसवः (vasavaḥ) - the Vasus; अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight; प्रकीर्तिताः (prakīrtitāḥ) - are proclaimed; १२-२०१-१९ (12-201-19) - 12-201-19;]
(Hara and of many forms and three-eyed and lord of the gods; Savitṛ and victorious and wielder of Pināka and unconquered. Formerly indeed the greatly fortunate ones, the eight Vasus, are proclaimed. 12-201-19.)
Hara, who is of many forms, three-eyed, lord of the gods; Savitṛ, Jayanta, the wielder of Pināka, and the unconquered one. Formerly, the eight Vasus, greatly fortunate, are proclaimed as such. 12-201-19.
एत एवंविधा देवा मनोरेव प्रजापतेः। ते च पूर्वे सुराश्चेति द्विविधाः पितरः स्मृताः ॥१२-२०१-२०॥
eta evaṃvidhā devā manoreva prajāpateḥ। te ca pūrve surāśceti dvividhāḥ pitaraḥ smṛtāḥ ॥12-201-20॥
[एत (eta) - these; एवंविधा (evaṃvidhā) - of such kind; देवा (devāḥ) - gods; मनोः (manoḥ) - of Manu; एव (eva) - indeed; प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati; ते (te) - they; च (ca) - and; पूर्वे (pūrve) - former; सुराः (surāḥ) - gods; च (ca) - and; इति (iti) - thus; द्विविधाः (dvividhāḥ) - of two kinds; पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered;]
(These gods of such kind are indeed of Manu, of Prajāpati. They and the former gods thus, the ancestors are remembered as of two kinds.)
These gods of such kind are indeed considered to be of Manu, of Prajāpati. Both they and the former gods, thus, the ancestors are remembered as of two kinds.
शीलरूपरतास्त्वन्ये तथान्ये सिद्धसाध्ययोः। ऋभवो मरुतश्चैव देवानां चोदिता गणाः ॥१२-२०१-२१॥
śīlarūparatās tv anye tathānye siddhasādhyayoḥ। ṛbhavo marutaś caiva devānāṃ coditā gaṇāḥ॥12-201-21॥
[शील (śīla) - conduct; रूप (rūpa) - form; रताः (ratāḥ) - delighted in; त्व (tv) - but; अन्ये (anye) - others; तथा (tathā) - likewise; अन्ये (anye) - others; सिद्ध (siddha) - perfected beings; साध्ययोः (sādhyayoḥ) - and Sādhyas; ऋभवः (ṛbhavaḥ) - Ribhus; मरुतः (marutaḥ) - Maruts; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods; चोदिता (coditā) - urged; गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups;]
(Others are delighted in conduct and form; likewise, others (are) Siddhas and Sādhyas; the Ribhus, Maruts, and indeed the groups of gods urged (them).)
Some are devoted to conduct and form; others are Siddhas and Sādhyas; the Ribhus, Maruts, and other groups of gods were also urged.
एवमेते समाम्नाता विश्वेदेवास्तथाश्विनौ। आदित्याः क्षत्रियास्तेषां विशस्तु मरुतस्तथा ॥१२-२०१-२२॥
evamete samāmnātā viśvedevāstathāśvinau। ādityāḥ kṣatriyāsteṣāṃ viśastu marutastathā ॥12-201-22॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एते (ete) - these; समाम्नाता (samāmnātāḥ) - recited together; विश्वेदेवाः (viśvedevāḥ) - all-gods; तथा (tathā) - and; अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the Aśvins; आदित्याः (ādityāḥ) - the Ādityas; क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - the kṣatriyas; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; विशः (viśaḥ) - the clans; तु (tu) - but; मरुतः (marutaḥ) - the Maruts; तथा (tathā) - and;]
(Thus these are recited together: all-gods and the Aśvins. The Ādityas are the kṣatriyas; of them, the clans are the Maruts likewise.)
Thus, these are enumerated together: the Viśvedevās and the Aśvins. The Ādityas are the kṣatriyas among them; the Maruts are the clans of those.
अश्विनौ तु मतौ शूद्रौ तपस्युग्रे समाहितौ। स्मृतास्त्वङ्गिरसो देवा ब्राह्मणा इति निश्चयः ॥१२-२०१-२३॥
aśvinau tu matau śūdrav tapas-y-ugre samāhitau। smṛtās-tvaṅgiraso devā brāhmaṇā iti niścayaḥ ॥12-201-23॥
[अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the two Aśvins; (divine twin physicians) तु (tu) - but; मतौ (matau) - are considered; शूद्रौ (śūdrav) - as Śūdras; तपस्युग्रे (tapas-y-ugre) - in severe austerity; समाहितौ (samāhitau) - absorbed; स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered; त्वङ्गिरसः (tvaṅgirasah) - as descendants of Angiras; देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods; ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - as Brāhmaṇas; इति (iti) - thus; निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - the conclusion;]
(The two Aśvins, however, are considered as Śūdras, absorbed in severe austerity. The gods called Angirasas are remembered as Brāhmaṇas—thus is the conclusion.)
The two Aśvins are regarded as Śūdras engaged in intense austerity. The Angirasa gods are remembered as Brāhmaṇas—this is the established conclusion.
इत्येतत्सर्वदेवानां चातुर्वर्ण्यं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥१२-२०१-२३॥
ity etat sarva-devānāṃ cātur-varṇyaṃ prakīrtitam ॥12-201-23॥
[इति (iti) - thus; एतत् (etat) - this; सर्वदेवानाम् (sarva-devānām) - of all gods; चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cātur-varṇyam) - the fourfold class; प्रकीर्तितम् (prakīrtitam) - has been declared;]
(Thus, this fourfold class of all gods has been declared.)
Thus, the fourfold division of all gods has been proclaimed.
एतान्वै प्रातरुत्थाय देवान्यस्तु प्रकीर्तयेत्। स्वजादन्यकृताच्चैव सर्वपापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥१२-२०१-२४॥
etān vai prātar utthāya devān yas tu prakīrtayet। svajāta anyakṛtāt ca eva sarvapāpāt pramucyate ॥12-201-24॥
[एतान् (etān) - these; (accusative plural masculine) वै (vai) - indeed; (emphatic particle) प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning; उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen; देवान् (devān) - the gods; (accusative plural masculine) यः (yaḥ) - who; (relative pronoun, masculine singular nominative) तु (tu) - but; प्रकीर्तयेत् (prakīrtayet) - should recite; (from pra-√kṛt, to proclaim, recite) स्वजात (svajāta) - by one's own birth; अन्यकृतात् (anyakṛtāt) - from others' actions; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; सर्वपापात् (sarvapāpāt) - from all sins; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released; (from pra-√muc, to be freed);]
(Indeed, whoever, having risen in the morning, should recite these gods, is released from all sins, both by one's own birth and from others' actions.)
Whoever rises in the morning and recites these deities is freed from all sins, whether arising from one's own birth or from the actions of others.
यवक्रीतोऽथ रैभ्यश्च अर्वावसुपरावसू। औशिजश्चैव कक्षीवान्नलश्चाङ्गिरसः सुताः ॥१२-२०१-२५॥
yavakrīto'tha raibhyaś ca arvāvasuparāvasū | auśijaś caiva kakṣīvān nalaś cāṅgirasaḥ sutāḥ ||12-201-25||
[यवक्रीतः (yavakrītaḥ) - Yavakrīta; (proper name); अथ (atha) - then; रैभ्यः (raibhyaḥ) - Raibhya; (proper name); च (ca) - and; अर्वावसुपरावसू (arvāvasuparāvasū) - Arvāvasu and Parāvasu; (proper names, dual); औशिजः (auśijaḥ) - Aushija; (proper name); च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; कक्षीवान् (kakṣīvān) - Kakṣīvān; (proper name); नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala; (proper name); च (ca) - and; आङ्गिरसः (āṅgirasaḥ) - descendant of Angiras; सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons;]
(Yavakrīta then Raibhya and Arvāvasu-Parāvasu, Aushija indeed Kakṣīvān Nala and descendant of Angiras, sons.)
Then Yavakrīta, Raibhya, Arvāvasu and Parāvasu, Aushija, Kakṣīvān, Nala, and the sons of Angiras.
ऋषेर्मेधातिथेः पुत्रः कण्वो बर्हिषदस्तथा। त्रैलोक्यभावनास्तात प्राच्यां सप्तर्षयस्तथा ॥१२-२०१-२६॥
ṛṣer medhātitheḥ putraḥ kaṇvo barhiṣad astathā। trailokyabhāvanās tāta prācyāṃ saptarṣayas tathā ॥12-201-26॥
[ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage; मेधातिथेः (medhātitheḥ) - of Medhātithi; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; कण्वः (kaṇvaḥ) - Kaṇva; बर्हिषदः (barhiṣadaḥ) - Barhiṣad; तथा (tathā) - also; त्रैलोक्यभावनाः (trailokyabhāvanāḥ) - creators of the three worlds; तात (tāta) - O dear one; प्राच्याम् (prācyām) - in the east; सप्तर्षयः (saptarṣayaḥ) - seven sages; तथा (tathā) - also;]
(Of the sage Medhātithi, the son Kaṇva, Barhiṣad also; creators of the three worlds, O dear one, in the east, the seven sages also.)
O dear one, in the east, the seven sages—Kaṇva, the son of the sage Medhātithi, and Barhiṣad—are also known as the creators of the three worlds.
उन्मुचो विमुचश्चैव स्वस्त्यात्रेयश्च वीर्यवान्। प्रमुचश्चेध्मवाहश्च भगवांश्च दृढव्रतः ॥१२-२०१-२७॥
unmuc̄o vimuc̄aścaiva svastyātreyaśca vīryavān। pramuc̄aścedhmavāhaśca bhagavāṃśca dṛḍhavrataḥ ॥12-201-27॥
[उन्मुचः (unmucaḥ) - one who releases; विमुचः (vimucaḥ) - one who liberates; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; स्वस्त्यात्रेयः (svastyātreyaḥ) - Svastyātreya (a proper name); च (ca) - and; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful; प्रमुचः (pramucaḥ) - one who sets free; च (ca) - and; इध्मवाहः (edhmavāhaḥ) - carrier of sacrificial wood; च (ca) - and; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; च (ca) - and; दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in vow;]
(Unmucah, Vimucah, and indeed Svastyātreya, and the powerful one; Pramucah, and Edhmavāha, and the venerable one, and the one firm in vow.)
Unmucah, Vimucah, Svastyātreya, the powerful one, Pramucah, Edhmavāha, the venerable one, and the one of firm vow.
मित्रावरुणयोः पुत्रस्तथागस्त्यः प्रतापवान्। एते ब्रह्मर्षयो नित्यमाश्रिता दक्षिणां दिशम् ॥१२-२०१-२८॥
mitrāvaruṇayoḥ putras tathāgastyaḥ pratāpavān। ete brahmarṣayo nityam āśritā dakṣiṇām diśam ॥12-201-28॥
[मित्रावरुणयोः (mitrāvaruṇayoḥ) - of Mitra and Varuṇa; (dual genitive) पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; तथा (tathā) - thus; in this way; अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya; (proper noun) प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - possessing splendor; powerful; एते (ete) - these; (plural masculine nominative) ब्रह्मर्षयः (brahmarṣayaḥ) - Brahmarṣis; (sages of Brahman) नित्यम् (nityam) - always; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - residing; having taken refuge; दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern; (accusative singular feminine) दिशम् (diśam) - direction; (accusative singular feminine);]
(The son of Mitra and Varuṇa, thus Agastya, powerful. These Brahmarṣis always reside in the southern direction.)
Agastya, the powerful son of Mitra and Varuṇa, and these Brahmarṣis always dwell in the southern direction.
रुषद्गुः कवषो धौम्यः परिव्याधश्च वीर्यवान्। एकतश्च द्वितश्चैव त्रितश्चैव महर्षयः ॥१२-२०१-२९॥
ruṣadguḥ kavaṣo dhaumyaḥ parivyādhaś ca vīryavān। ekataś ca dvitaś caiva tritaś caiva maharṣayaḥ ॥12-201-29॥
[रुषद्गुः (ruṣadguḥ) - Ruṣadgu; (proper name); कवषः (kavaṣaḥ) - Kavaṣa; (proper name); धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - Dhaumya; (proper name); परिव्याधः (parivyādhaḥ) - Parivyādha; (proper name); च (ca) - and; वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful; एकतः (ekataḥ) - one side; च (ca) - and; द्वितः (dvitaḥ) - second side; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; त्रितः (tritaḥ) - third side; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages;]
(Ruṣadgu, Kavaṣa, Dhaumya, Parivyādha and the powerful (one); on one side, and on the second side indeed, and on the third side indeed, the great sages.)
Ruṣadgu, Kavaṣa, Dhaumya, Parivyādha, and the powerful one; on one side, on the second, and on the third, the great sages (were present).
अत्रेः पुत्रश्च भगवांस्तथा सारस्वतः प्रभुः। एते नव महात्मानः पश्चिमामाश्रिता दिशम् ॥१२-२०१-३०॥
atreḥ putraś ca bhagavāṃs tathā sārasvataḥ prabhuḥ। ete nava mahātmānaḥ paścimām āśritā diśam ॥12-201-30॥
[अत्रेः (atreḥ) - of Atri; (genitive singular of Atri) पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; च (ca) - and; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; the illustrious; तथा (tathā) - also; likewise; सारस्वतः (sārasvataḥ) - descendant of Sarasvati; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord; master; एते (ete) - these; नव (nava) - nine; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled ones; पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - western; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - having resorted to; having taken refuge in; दिशम् (diśam) - direction; region;]
(Of Atri, the son and the venerable one, likewise the descendant of Sarasvati, the lord; these nine great-souled ones have resorted to the western direction.)
The son of Atri, the venerable one, and the lord Sarasvata, along with these nine great souls, have taken refuge in the western direction.
आत्रेयश्च वसिष्ठश्च कश्यपश्च महानृषिः। गौतमः सभरद्वाजो विश्वामित्रोऽथ कौशिकः ॥१२-२०१-३१॥
ātreyaś ca vasiṣṭhaś ca kaśyapaś ca mahānṛṣiḥ। gautamaḥ sabharadvājo viśvāmitro'tha kauśikaḥ ॥12-201-31॥
[आत्रेयः (ātreyaḥ) - descendant of Atri; च (ca) - and; वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha; च (ca) - and; कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa; च (ca) - and; महानृषिः (mahānṛṣiḥ) - great sage; गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama; स (sa) - with; भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvāja; विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra; अथ (atha) - and then; कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika;]
(Ātreya and Vasiṣṭha and Kaśyapa and the great sage; Gautama with Bharadvāja; Viśvāmitra and then Kauśika.)
Ātreya, Vasiṣṭha, Kaśyapa, the great sage, Gautama with Bharadvāja, Viśvāmitra, and then Kauśika.
तथैव पुत्रो भगवानृचीकस्य महात्मनः। जमदग्निश्च सप्तैते उदीचीं दिशमाश्रिताः ॥१२-२०१-३२॥
tathaiva putro bhagavān ṛcīkasya mahātmanaḥ। jamadagnis ca saptaite udīcīṃ diśam āśritāḥ ॥12-201-32॥
[तथैव (tathaiva) - in the same way; पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable; ऋचीकस्य (ṛcīkasya) - of Ṛcīka; महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled; जमदग्निः (jamadagniḥ) - Jamadagni; च (ca) - and; सप्त (sapta) - seven; एते (ete) - these; उदीचीम् (udīcīm) - northern; दिशम् (diśam) - direction; आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to;]
(In the same way, the son, the venerable (one), of Ṛcīka, of the great-souled, Jamadagni and these seven resorted to the northern direction.)
Likewise, the son of the great-souled Ṛcīka, the venerable Jamadagni, along with these seven, went towards the northern direction.
एते प्रतिदिशं सर्वे कीर्तितास्तिग्मतेजसः। साक्षिभूता महात्मानो भुवनानां प्रभावनाः ॥१२-२०१-३३॥
ete pratidiśaṃ sarve kīrtitāstigmatejasaḥ। sākṣibhūtā mahātmāno bhuvanānāṃ prabhāvanāḥ ॥12-201-33॥
[एते (ete) - these; प्रतिदिशं (pratidiśam) - towards each direction; सर्वे (sarve) - all; कीर्तिताः (kīrtitāḥ) - have been mentioned; तिग्मतेजसः (tigmatejasaḥ) - of sharp/brilliant energy; साक्षिभूताः (sākṣibhūtāḥ) - having become witnesses; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls; भुवनानाम् (bhuvanānām) - of the worlds; प्रभावनाः (prabhāvanāḥ) - those who cause influence;]
(These, towards each direction, all, have been mentioned, of sharp/brilliant energy; having become witnesses, great souls, of the worlds, those who cause influence.)
All these, who have been mentioned in every direction, are of brilliant energy; they are great souls, witnesses, and the influencers of the worlds.
एवमेते महात्मानः स्थिताः प्रत्येकशो दिशः। एतेषां कीर्तनं कृत्वा सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥१२-२०१-३४॥
evam ete mahātmānaḥ sthitāḥ pratyekaśo diśaḥ। eteṣāṃ kīrtanaṃ kṛtvā sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ॥12-201-34॥
[एवम् (evam) - thus; एते (ete) - these; महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls; स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - situated; प्रत्येकशः (pratyekaśaḥ) - individually; दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions; एतेषां (eteṣām) - of these; कीर्तनम् (kīrtanam) - recitation; कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done; सर्वपापैः (sarvapāpaiḥ) - from all sins; प्रमुच्यते (pramucyate) - is released;]
(Thus these great souls are situated individually in the directions. Having recited of these, one is released from all sins.)
Thus, these great souls are established in every direction. By reciting their names, one is freed from all sins.
यस्यां यस्यां दिशि ह्येते तां दिशं शरणं गतः। मुच्यते सर्वपापेभ्यः स्वस्तिमांश्च गृहान्व्रजेत् ॥१२-२०१-३५॥
yasyāṃ yasyāṃ diśi hyete tāṃ diśaṃ śaraṇaṃ gataḥ। mucyate sarvapāpebhyaḥ svastimāṃśca gṛhānvrajet ॥12-201-35॥
[यस्यां (yasyāṃ) - in whichever (direction); यस्यां (yasyāṃ) - in whichever (direction); दिशि (diśi) - direction; हि (hi) - indeed; एते (ete) - these (people); तां (tāṃ) - that; दिशं (diśaṃ) - direction; शरणं (śaraṇam) - refuge; गतः (gataḥ) - has gone; मुच्यते (mucyate) - is released; सर्वपापेभ्यः (sarvapāpebhyaḥ) - from all sins; स्वस्तिमान् (svastimān) - prosperous; च (ca) - and; गृहान् (gṛhān) - homes; व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should go;]
(In whichever direction indeed these (people) have gone for refuge, (one) is released from all sins and, being prosperous, should go to (their) homes.)
Whichever direction these people have gone for refuge, one is freed from all sins and, being prosperous, should return home.
