13.024
दैवपित्र्यदानफलम्
The result of gifts given to the gods and ancestors.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
श्राद्धकाले च दैवे च धर्मे चापि पितामह। इच्छामीह त्वयाख्यातं विहितं यत्सुरर्षिभिः ॥१३-२४-१॥
O grandsire, I wish to hear from you here what has been declared and enjoined by the divine sages regarding śrāddha, divine rites, and dharma. (13-24-1)
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhishma said.
दैवं पूर्वाह्णिके कुर्यादपराह्णे तु पैतृकम्। मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नः कृतशौचः प्रयत्नवान् ॥१३-२४-२॥
One should perform the divine rites in the forenoon and the ancestral rites in the afternoon, being endowed with auspicious conduct, having performed purification, and acting diligently. (13-24-2)
मनुष्याणां तु मध्याह्ने प्रदद्यादुपपत्तितः। कालहीनं तु यद्दानं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-३॥
But among men, one should give at midday according to propriety; a gift given at an improper time, they know that portion as belonging to the demons. (13-24-3)
लङ्घितं चावलीढं च कलिपूर्वं च यत्कृतम्। रजस्वलाभिर्दृष्टं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-४॥
They know that portion which has been crossed, eaten, previously touched by impurity, done, or seen by menstruating women, as belonging to the rakṣasas (demons). (13-24-4)
अवघुष्टं च यद्भुक्तमव्रतेन च भारत। परामृष्टं शुना चैव तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-५॥
O Bhārata, whatever has been touched or eaten by an impure person, or touched by a dog, that portion is considered to belong to the Rākṣasas. (13-24-5)
केशकीटावपतितं क्षुतं श्वभिरवेक्षितम्। रुदितं चावधूतं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-६॥
They knew that portion which had hair, was fallen upon by insects, pecked, looked at by dogs, cried over, and rejected, as belonging to the demons. (13-24-6)
निरोङ्कारेण यद्भुक्तं सशस्त्रेण च भारत। दुरात्मना च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-७॥
O Bhārata, whatever is consumed without omkāra, with weapons, or by the evil-minded, that portion is known to belong to the rākṣasas. (13-24-7)
परोच्छिष्टं च यद्भुक्तं परिभुक्तं च यद्भवेत्। दैवे पित्र्ये च सततं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-८॥
Whatever has been eaten by another, or consumed, or may be so, in divine or ancestral rites, that portion is always known to be of the Rākṣasas. (13-24-8)
गर्हितं निन्दितं चैव परिविष्टं समन्युना। दैवं वाप्यथ वा पैत्र्यं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-९॥
The Rākṣasas know that portion which is censured, blamed, and surrounded with anger, whether it is divine or ancestral. (13-24-9)
मन्त्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं यच्छ्राद्धं परिविष्यते। त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्नरश्रेष्ठ तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-१०॥
O best of men, the śrāddha ceremony which is performed without mantras and without proper ritual, and which is served by the three castes, is known to be the share of the rākṣasas (demons). (13-24-10)
आज्याहुतिं विना चैव यत्किञ्चित्परिविष्यते। दुराचारैश्च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥१३-२४-११॥
Whatever is served without the offering of clarified butter, and whatever is eaten by those of bad conduct, that portion is known to belong to the demons. (13-24-11)
ये भागा रक्षसां प्रोक्तास्त उक्ता भरतर्षभ। अत ऊर्ध्वं विसर्गस्य परीक्षां ब्राह्मणे शृणु ॥१३-२४-१२॥
O best of the Bharatas, those shares of the rākṣasas that have been declared have been stated; now, listen to the examination of the offering in the Brāhmaṇa. (13-24-12)
यावन्तः पतिता विप्रा जडोन्मत्तास्तथैव च। दैवे वाप्यथ वा पित्र्ये राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१३॥
O king, as many Brāhmaṇas as are fallen, dull, or insane, likewise, whether in divine or ancestral rites, are not worthy of the banner of honor. (13-24-13)
श्वित्री कुष्ठी च क्लीबश्च तथा यक्ष्महतश्च यः। अपस्मारी च यश्चान्धो राजन्नार्हन्ति सत्कृतिम् ॥१३-२४-१४॥
O king, those who are afflicted with leucoderma, leprosy, impotence, consumption, epilepsy, or blindness are not worthy of honour. (13-24-14)
चिकित्सका देवलका वृथानियमधारिणः। सोमविक्रयिणश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१५॥
Physicians, temple-attendants, those who observe vows in vain, and sellers of soma are not fit to participate in a śrāddha ceremony. (13-24-15)
गायना नर्तकाश्चैव प्लवका वादकास्तथा। कथका योधकाश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१६॥
O king, singers, dancers, acrobats, musicians, storytellers, and fighters are not worthy of the banner. (13-24-16)
होतारो वृषलानां च वृषलाध्यापकास्तथा। तथा वृषलशिष्याश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१७॥
O king, priests of śūdras, teachers of śūdras, and students of śūdras are not worthy of the banner. (13-24-17)
अनुयोक्ता च यो विप्रो अनुयुक्तश्च भारत। नार्हतस्तावपि श्राद्धं ब्रह्मविक्रयिणौ हि तौ ॥१३-२४-१८॥
O Bhārata, both the one who appoints and the brāhmaṇa who is appointed are not worthy even for śrāddha; indeed, those two are sellers of the Veda. (13-24-18)
अग्रणीर्यः कृतः पूर्वं वर्णावरपरिग्रहः। ब्राह्मणः सर्वविद्योऽपि राजन्नार्हति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-१९॥
O king, even a brāhmaṇa who is all-knowing, if he has previously associated with a lower class, does not deserve the banner. (13-24-19)
अनग्नयश्च ये विप्रा मृतनिर्यातकाश्च ये। स्तेनाश्च पतिताश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२०॥
O king, those Brāhmaṇas who are without fire, those who have carried out the dead, as well as thieves and fallen ones, are not worthy of a dwelling. (13-24-20)
अपरिज्ञातपूर्वाश्च गणपूर्वाश्च भारत। पुत्रिकापूर्वपुत्राश्च श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२१॥
O Bhārata, those whose ancestors are unknown, those descended from groups, and sons born of a daughter or previous sons, are not eligible to offer śrāddha offerings. (13-24-21)
ऋणकर्ता च यो राजन्यश्च वार्धुषिको द्विजः। प्राणिविक्रयवृत्तिश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२२॥
O king, a debtor, a kṣatriya, a brāhmaṇa who is a usurer, and one whose livelihood is selling living beings, are not worthy of the sacrificial banner. (13-24-22)
स्त्रीपूर्वाः काण्डपृष्ठाश्च यावन्तो भरतर्षभ। अजपा ब्राह्मणाश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥१३-२४-२३॥
O best of the Bharatas, those who are preceded by women, those with stalks as backs, as well as she-goats and Brāhmaṇas, are not fit to be accepted in the śrāddha ceremony. (13-24-23)
श्राद्धे दैवे च निर्दिष्टा ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ। दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च शृणुष्वानुग्रहं पुनः ॥१३-२४-२४॥
O best of the Bharatas, the brāhmaṇas appointed for the śrāddha and divine rites, as well as the roles of giver and receiver—hear again about their favor. (13-24-24)
चीर्णव्रता गुणैर्युक्ता भवेयुर्येऽपि कर्षकाः। सावित्रीज्ञाः क्रियावन्तस्ते राजन्केतनक्षमाः ॥१३-२४-२५॥
O king, even those ploughmen who have performed vows, are endowed with virtues, know the Sāvitrī, and are performers of rites, they are worthy of distinction. (13-24-25)
क्षात्रधर्मिणमप्याजौ केतयेत्कुलजं द्विजम्। न त्वेव वणिजं तात श्राद्धेषु परिकल्पयेत् ॥१३-२४-२६॥
Even a kṣatriya may appoint a twice-born of good family in a sacrifice; but, O dear one, a merchant should never be appointed in śrāddha rites. (13-24-26)
अग्निहोत्री च यो विप्रो ग्रामवासी च यो भवेत्। अस्तेनश्चातिथिज्ञश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२७॥
O king, a brāhmaṇa who performs agnihotra, lives in the village, is not a thief, and knows how to receive guests is fit to have a house. (13-24-27)
सावित्रीं जपते यस्तु त्रिकालं भरतर्षभ। भिक्षावृत्तिः क्रियावांश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२८॥
O best of the Bharatas, he who recites the Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī mantra) three times a day, lives by alms, and is engaged in rites, O king, he is worthy of distinction. (13-24-28)
उदितास्तमितो यश्च तथैवास्तमितोदितः। अहिंस्रश्चाल्पदोषश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-२९॥
O king, he who rises and sets, and likewise sets and rises, who is non-injurious and of little fault, is fit to be the standard-bearer. (13-24-29)
अकल्कको ह्यतर्कश्च ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ। ससञ्ज्ञो भैक्ष्यवृत्तिश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३०॥
O bull of the Bharatas, he was a brāhmaṇa without guile, not argumentative, possessed of proper understanding, living by alms, and, O king, capable of maintaining a household. (13-24-30)
अव्रती कितवः स्तेनः प्राणिविक्रय्यथो वणिक्। पश्चाच्च पीतवान्सोमं स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३१॥
A non-observer of vows, a gambler, a thief, a seller of living beings, and a merchant—afterwards, having drunk Soma, O king, he is fit for the sacrificial banner. (13-24-31)
अर्जयित्वा धनं पूर्वं दारुणैः कृषिकर्मभिः। भवेत्सर्वातिथिः पश्चात्स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥१३-२४-३२॥
O king, after having previously earned wealth through harsh agricultural labors, he should then become a host to all guests, being capable of maintaining a household. (13-24-32)
ब्रह्मविक्रयनिर्दिष्टं स्त्रिया यच्चार्जितं धनम्। अदेयं पितृदेवेभ्यो यच्च क्लैब्यादुपार्जितम् ॥१३-२४-३३॥
Wealth obtained from the sale of the Veda, or earned by a woman, as well as that acquired through impotence, is not to be given to ancestors or gods. (13-24-33)
क्रियमाणेऽपवर्गे तु यो द्विजो भरतर्षभ। न व्याहरति यद्युक्तं तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-३४॥
O best of the Bharatas, when liberation is being performed, if a Brahmin does not speak what is proper, then his unrighteousness is as grave as the falsehood regarding cows. (13-24-34)
श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः प्राप्तं दधि घृतं तथा। सोमक्षयश्च मांसं च यदारण्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-३५॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the proper time for the śrāddha and the brāhmaṇa has arrived, curd, ghee, the waning of Soma, meat, and whatever is from the forest are appropriate. (13-24-35)
श्राद्धापवर्गे विप्रस्य स्वधा वै स्वदिता भवेत्। क्षत्रियस्याप्यथो ब्रूयात्प्रीयन्तां पितरस्त्विति ॥१३-२४-३६॥
At a śrāddha ceremony, for a brāhmaṇa, one should indeed say 'Svadhā'; for a kṣatriya, one should instead say, 'May the ancestors be pleased.' (13-24-36)
अपवर्गे तु वैश्यस्य श्राद्धकर्मणि भारत। अक्षय्यमभिधातव्यं स्वस्ति शूद्रस्य भारत ॥१३-२४-३७॥
But, O Bhārata, at the śrāddha rite for a Vaiśya, one should say 'imperishable'; for a Śūdra, O Bhārata, one should say 'well-being'. (13-24-37)
पुण्याहवाचनं दैवे ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते। एतदेव निरोङ्कारं क्षत्रियस्य विधीयते ॥ वैश्यस्य चैव वक्तव्यं प्रीयन्तां देवता इति ॥१३-२४-३८॥
For the Brāhmaṇa, the auspicious-day proclamation is prescribed in divine rites. For the Kṣatriya, this same is prescribed but without the Oṅkāra. For the Vaiśya, it should be said: "May the deities be pleased." (13-24-38)
कर्मणामानुपूर्वीं च विधिपूर्वकृतं शृणु। जातकर्मादिकान्सर्वांस्त्रिषु वर्णेषु भारत ॥ ब्रह्मक्षत्रे हि मन्त्रोक्ता वैश्यस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-३९॥
O Bhārata, hear the sequence of actions performed according to injunction: all rites such as the birth ceremony in the three castes. In Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya, they are indeed prescribed by mantra, and for the Vaiśya as well, O Yudhiṣṭhira. (13-24-39)
विप्रस्य रशना मौञ्जी मौर्वी राजन्यगामिनी। बाल्वजीत्येव वैश्यस्य धर्म एष युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-४०॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, the girdle of a brāhmaṇa is made of muñja grass, for a kṣatriya it is made of murva fiber, and for a vaiśya it is made of bālvaja grass; this is their respective duty. (13-24-40)
दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च धर्माधर्माविमौ शृणु। ब्राह्मणस्यानृतेऽधर्मः प्रोक्तः पातकसञ्ज्ञितः ॥ चतुर्गुणः क्षत्रियस्य वैश्यस्याष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥१३-२४-४१॥
Hear about the dharma and adharma of the giver and the receiver. For a Brāhmaṇa, falsehood is said to be adharma and is designated as a sin. For a Kṣatriya, it is considered four times greater, and for a Vaiśya, eight times greater. (13-24-41)
नान्यत्र ब्राह्मणोऽश्नीयात्पूर्वं विप्रेण केतितः। यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां तुल्यधर्मो भवेत्स हि ॥१३-२४-४२॥
A brāhmaṇa should not eat anywhere else before being instructed by a learned person; in the matter of animal sacrifice, the younger one, if of equal dharma, should indeed be considered the same. (13-24-42)
अथ राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां यद्यश्नीयात्तु केतितः। यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां भागार्धं समवाप्नुयात् ॥१३-२४-४३॥
Now, if a Kṣatriya or a Vaiśya eats what is not specifically permitted, being less involved in animal slaughter, he should receive half the share. (13-24-43)
दैवं वाप्यथ वा पित्र्यं योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु। अस्नातो ब्राह्मणो राजंस्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४४॥
O King, if a Brāhmaṇa who has not bathed eats food that is divine, ancestral, or from Brāhmaṇas and others, for him, it is unrighteousness, equivalent to the falsehood of cows. (13-24-44)
आशौचो ब्राह्मणो राजन्योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु। ज्ञानपूर्वमथो लोभात्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४५॥
If a brāhmaṇa is impure, a kṣatriya may eat among brāhmaṇas and others; but if he does so knowingly out of greed, his unrighteousness is as grave as stealing cows. (13-24-45)
अन्नेनान्नं च यो लिप्सेत्कर्मार्थं चैव भारत। आमन्त्रयति राजेन्द्र तस्याधर्मोऽनृतं स्मृतम् ॥१३-२४-४६॥
O Bhārata, if someone desires food by offering food for the sake of an action and invites (another), O king, his act is considered unrighteousness and falsehood. (13-24-46)
अवेदव्रतचारित्रास्त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्युधिष्ठिर। मन्त्रवत्परिविष्यन्ते तेष्वधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥१३-२४-४७॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the three castes are without Veda, vow, and good conduct, they are served like a mantra; among them, unrighteousness and falsehood concerning cows prevail. (13-24-47)
युधिष्ठिर उवाच॥
Yudhiṣṭhira said.
पित्र्यं वाप्यथ वा दैवं दीयते यत्पितामह। एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं दत्तं येषु महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-४८॥
O grandsire, I wish to hear about that which, whether given as ancestral or divine, yields great fruit. (13-24-48)
भीष्म उवाच॥
Bhishma said.
येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते सुवृष्टिमिव कर्षकाः। उच्छेषपरिशेषं हि तान्भोजय युधिष्ठिर ॥१३-२४-४९॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, feed those whose wives wait for them like farmers wait for good rain, with the remnants of leftovers. (13-24-49)
चारित्रनियता राजन्ये कृशाः कृशवृत्तयः। अर्थिनश्चोपगच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५०॥
Among the kṣatriyas who are restrained by conduct, emaciated, and of meagre livelihood, petitioners also approach; whatever is given to them yields great fruit. (13-24-50)
तद्भक्तास्तद्गृहा राजंस्तद्धनास्तदपाश्रयाः। अर्थिनश्च भवन्त्यर्थे तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५१॥
O king, their devotees, their houses, their wealth, and those who take their refuge, as well as petitioners for their sake—whatever is given to them yields great fruit. (13-24-51)
तस्करेभ्यः परेभ्यो वा ये भयार्ता युधिष्ठिर। अर्थिनो भोक्तुमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५२॥
O Yudhishthira, whatever is given to petitioners who, out of fear of thieves or others, desire food, yields great merit. (13-24-52)
अकल्ककस्य विप्रस्य भैक्षोत्करकृतात्मनः। बटवो यस्य भिक्षन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५३॥
Whatever is given to the students who beg for the alms collected by the guileless, self-controlled brāhmaṇa, yields great merit. (13-24-53)
हृतस्वा हृतदाराश्च ये विप्रा देशसम्प्लवे। अर्थार्थमभिगच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५४॥
To Brāhmaṇas whose wealth and wives have been taken away, who approach during a national calamity for the sake of wealth, whatever is given to them yields great merit. (13-24-54)
व्रतिनो नियमस्थाश्च ये विप्राः श्रुतसंमताः। तत्समाप्त्यर्थमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५५॥
The gifts given to Brāhmaṇas who observe vows, are established in discipline, and are approved by the Vedas, for the purpose of completing that (ritual), yield great results among them. (13-24-55)
अव्युत्क्रान्ताश्च धर्मेषु पाषण्डसमयेषु च। कृशप्राणाः कृशधनास्तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५६॥
Those who have not deviated, whether in dharmic or heretical doctrines, who are weak in life-force and poor in wealth—for gifts given to them, the reward is great. (13-24-56)
कृतसर्वस्वहरणा निर्दोषाः प्रभविष्णुभिः। स्पृहयन्ति च भुक्तान्नं तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५७॥
When all their wealth has been taken and they are faultless, even the mighty desire food that has already been eaten; whatever is given to them among such people yields great merit. (13-24-57)
तपस्विनस्तपोनिष्ठास्तेषां भैक्षचराश्च ये। अर्थिनः किञ्चिदिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥१३-२४-५८॥
Whatever is given to ascetics devoted to austerity, among them those who live by alms and are petitioners desiring something, that gift yields great fruit. (13-24-58)
महाफलविधिर्दाने श्रुतस्ते भरतर्षभ। निरयं येन गच्छन्ति स्वर्गं चैव हि तच्छृणु ॥१३-२४-५९॥
O best of the Bharatas, you have heard the rule of great fruits in giving; now hear that by which people go to hell or to heaven. (13-24-59)
गुर्वर्थं वाभयार्थं वा वर्जयित्वा युधिष्ठिर। येऽनृतं कथयन्ति स्म ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६०॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, except for the sake of the teacher or for the sake of safety, those who speak falsehood are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-60)
परदाराभिहर्तारः परदाराभिमर्शिनः। परदारप्रयोक्तारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६१॥
Those who approach, touch, or use another's wife are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-61)
ये परस्वापहर्तारः परस्वानां च नाशकाः। सूचकाश्च परेषां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६२॥
Those who steal others' property, destroy others' property, and act as informers against others, they indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-62)
प्रपाणां च सभानां च सङ्क्रमाणां च भारत। अगाराणां च भेत्तारो नरा निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६३॥
O Bhārata, men who break into rest-houses, assemblies, crossings, and houses are destined for hell. (13-24-63)
अनाथां प्रमदां बालां वृद्धां भीतां तपस्विनीम्। वञ्चयन्ति नरा ये च ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६४॥
Those men who deceive a woman without protector, a young girl, an old woman, a fearful or ascetic woman, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-64)
वृत्तिच्छेदं गृहच्छेदं दारच्छेदं च भारत। मित्रच्छेदं तथाशायास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६५॥
O Bhārata, those who destroy livelihood, home, wife, friend, and hope are indeed destined for hell. (13-24-65)
सूचकाः सन्धिभेत्तारः परवृत्त्युपजीवकाः। अकृतज्ञाश्च मित्राणां ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६६॥
Informers, breakers of alliances, those who live off others' actions, and ungrateful friends are indeed destined for hell. (13-24-66)
पाषण्डा दूषकाश्चैव समयानां च दूषकाः। ये प्रत्यवसिताश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६७॥
Heretics, corruptors, and indeed those who corrupt agreements, and those who have fallen—these truly are goers to hell. (13-24-67)
कृताशं कृतनिर्वेशं कृतभक्तं कृतश्रमम्। भेदैर्ये व्यपकर्षन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६८॥
Those who, by means of divisions, drag away one whose hope is fulfilled, whose payment is completed, whose devotion is accomplished, and whose effort is completed—such people indeed go to hell. (13-24-68)
पर्यश्नन्ति च ये दारानग्निभृत्यातिथींस्तथा। उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-६९॥
Those who consume the resources of wives, fire, servants, and guests, and neglect sacrifices to ancestors and gods, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-69)
वेदविक्रयिणश्चैव वेदानां चैव दूषकाः। वेदानां लेखकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७०॥
Those who sell the Vedas, those who corrupt the Vedas, and even the scribes of the Vedas—indeed, all of them are destined for hell. (13-24-70)
चातुराश्रम्यबाह्याश्च श्रुतिबाह्याश्च ये नराः। विकर्मभिश्च जीवन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७१॥
Men who are outside the four āśramas and outside the Vedas, and who live by improper actions, certainly go to hell. (13-24-71)
केशविक्रयिका राजन्विषविक्रयिकाश्च ये। क्षीरविक्रयिकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७२॥
O king, female sellers of hair, poison, and milk—these indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-72)
ब्राह्मणानां गवां चैव कन्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। येऽन्तरं यान्ति कार्येषु ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७३॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who discriminate in matters concerning Brāhmaṇas, cows, and maidens are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-73)
शस्त्रविक्रयकाश्चैव कर्तारश्च युधिष्ठिर। शल्यानां धनुषां चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७४॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who sell or make weapons, spears, and bows are certainly destined for hell. (13-24-74)
शल्यैर्वा शङ्कुभिर्वापि श्वभ्रैर्वा भरतर्षभ। ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७५॥
O bull among the Bharatas, those who obstruct the path with spikes, stakes, or pits, indeed, they are destined for hell. (13-24-75)
उपाध्यायांश्च भृत्यांश्च भक्तांश्च भरतर्षभ। ये त्यजन्त्यसमर्थांस्तांस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७६॥
O bull among the Bharatas, those who abandon teachers, servants, or devoted ones who are incapable, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-76)
अप्राप्तदमकाश्चैव नासानां वेधकास्तथा। बन्धकाश्च पशूनां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७७॥
Those who have not gained self-control, as well as those who pierce the noses of animals and those who bind them, all these indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-77)
अगोप्तारश्छलद्रव्या बलिषड्भागतत्पराः। समर्थाश्चाप्यदातारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७८॥
Those who do not protect, possess wealth acquired by fraud, are intent on taking the sixth part as tax, are capable but do not give, they indeed go to hell. (13-24-78)
क्षान्तान्दान्तांस्तथा प्राज्ञान्दीर्घकालं सहोषितान्। त्यजन्ति कृतकृत्या ये ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-७९॥
Those who abandon the patient, the self-restrained, the wise, and those who have lived together for a long time and have accomplished their purpose—such people indeed are destined for hell. (13-24-79)
बालानामथ वृद्धानां दासानां चैव ये नराः। अदत्त्वा भक्षयन्त्यग्रे ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८०॥
Those men who eat first without giving to children, the aged, and servants, indeed, they are destined for hell. (13-24-80)
एते पूर्वर्षिभिर्दृष्टाः प्रोक्ता निरयगामिनः। भागिनः स्वर्गलोकस्य वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ॥१३-२४-८१॥
These, seen and declared by former seers as those who go to hell, I shall now tell you, O best of the Bharatas, who are the partakers of the heavenly world. (13-24-81)
सर्वेष्वेव तु कार्येषु दैवपूर्वेषु भारत। हन्ति पुत्रान्पशून्कृत्स्नान्ब्राह्मणातिक्रमः कृतः ॥१३-२४-८२॥
O Bhārata, in all actions that are indeed preceded by fate, the transgression against a Brāhmaṇa, when committed, destroys all—sons, cattle, everything. (13-24-82)
दानेन तपसा चैव सत्येन च युधिष्ठिर। ये धर्ममनुवर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८३॥
O Yudhishthira, those men who follow dharma through charity, austerity, and truthfulness, they go to heaven. (13-24-83)
शुश्रूषाभिस्तपोभिश्च श्रुतमादाय भारत। ये प्रतिग्रहनिःस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८४॥
O Bhārata, those men who, having acquired knowledge through service and austerity, and who are without attachment to accepting gifts, go to heaven. (13-24-84)
भयात्पापात्तथाबाधाद्दारिद्र्याद्व्याधिधर्षणात्। यत्कृते प्रतिमुच्यन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८५॥
Those men who are released from fear, sin, affliction, poverty, disease, and oppression for this reason, go to heaven. (13-24-85)
क्षमावन्तश्च धीराश्च धर्मकार्येषु चोत्थिताः। मङ्गलाचारयुक्ताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८६॥
Those men who possess forbearance, are steadfast, rise to righteous acts, and are endowed with auspicious conduct, go to heaven. (13-24-86)
निवृत्ता मधुमांसेभ्यः परदारेभ्य एव च। निवृत्ताश्चैव मद्येभ्यस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८७॥
Those men who have turned away from honey, meat, others' wives, and intoxicating drinks are destined for heaven. (13-24-87)
आश्रमाणां च कर्तारः कुलानां चैव भारत। देशानां नगराणां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८८॥
O Bhārata, those men who are creators of hermitages, families, countries, and cities, they go to heaven. (13-24-88)
वस्त्राभरणदातारो भक्षपानान्नदास्तथा। कुटुम्बानां च दातारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-८९॥
Those men who give cloth and ornaments, and likewise those who give food, drink, and grain, and those who provide for families, they go to heaven. (13-24-89)
सर्वहिंसानिवृत्ताश्च नराः सर्वसहाश्च ये। सर्वस्याश्रयभूताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९०॥
Those men who have turned away from all injury, who endure everything, and who have become a refuge for all, those men go to heaven. (13-24-90)
मातरं पितरं चैव शुश्रूषन्ति जितेन्द्रियाः। भ्रातॄणां चैव सस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९१॥
Those men who have conquered their senses serve their mother and father, and are affectionate towards their brothers; such men go to heaven. (13-24-91)
आढ्याश्च बलवन्तश्च यौवनस्थाश्च भारत। ये वै जितेन्द्रिया धीरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९२॥
O Bhārata, even among the wealthy, the strong, and the youthful, only those men who are steadfast and have conquered their senses truly go to heaven. (13-24-92)
अपराद्धेषु सस्नेहा मृदवो मित्रवत्सलाः। आराधनसुखाश्चापि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९३॥
Those men who are affectionate even towards those who have committed faults, gentle, loving as friends, and who delight in serving others, they go to heaven. (13-24-93)
सहस्रपरिवेष्टारस्तथैव च सहस्रदाः। त्रातारश्च सहस्राणां पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९४॥
Those who encompass a thousand, likewise those who give thousands, and those who are protectors of thousands—such men go to heaven. (13-24-94)
सुवर्णस्य च दातारो गवां च भरतर्षभ। यानानां वाहनानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९५॥
O bull among the Bharatas, those men who are givers of gold, cows, vehicles, and conveyances go to heaven. (13-24-95)
वैवाहिकानां कन्यानां प्रेष्याणां च युधिष्ठिर। दातारो वाससां चैव ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९६॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who give garments to maidens given in marriage and to servants, indeed, they go to heaven. (13-24-96)
विहारावसथोद्यानकूपारामसभाप्रदाः। वप्राणां चैव कर्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९७॥
Those who give monasteries, dwellings, gardens, wells, pleasure-groves, and assembly-halls, and those who construct embankments—these men attain heaven. (13-24-97)
निवेशनानां क्षेत्राणां वसतीनां च भारत। दातारः प्रार्थितानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९८॥
O Bhārata, those men who give dwellings, fields, and habitations as requested are destined for heaven. (13-24-98)
रसानामथ बीजानां धान्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। स्वयमुत्पाद्य दातारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-९९॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those men who, having produced juices, seeds, and grains by themselves, give them away as donors, go to heaven. (13-24-99)
यस्मिन्कस्मिन्कुले जाता बहुपुत्राः शतायुषः। सानुक्रोशा जितक्रोधाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३-२४-१००॥
In whichever family men are born who have many sons, live a hundred years, are compassionate, have conquered anger, and are destined for heaven. (13-24-100)
एतदुक्तममुत्रार्थं दैवं पित्र्यं च भारत। धर्माधर्मौ च दानस्य यथा पूर्वर्षिभिः कृतौ ॥१३-२४-१०१॥
O Bhārata, this has been spoken regarding the other-worldly purpose, the divine and ancestral (rites), and the righteousness and unrighteousness of giving, as was done by the former sages. (13-24-101)
